Cd t h l dilm lai nhCrng ang hiing van l y nhy sau: Van ban thip 1: Ldl keu goi gianh ehinh quyen tai eupc mit tinh trirde Dinh Ddc ly Sai Gon cua Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chanh laiji thd
Trang 1Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8 / 2 0 1 0
NHi^NG ANG HUNG VAN BAT HU CUA NGl/OI NAM BO
TRONG HUA THU LICH sH 1945 Gli^A DAT SAI GON
NGUYEN LE THAO HA
K hi ndi d i n miia Thu Ijeh su' nam 1945
da lam nen mfet nirdc Viet Nam mdi
"vai nhCrng Ddc lap - Tw do - Hanh
phiie"^ vilt hoa giCra t h l ky 20, khdng t h l
khdng ndi d i n nhirng ngay hap hiing khd
quen d Sai Gdn ndi rieng va Nam Bd ndi
ehung, Trong khi t h l sdi sue l y , ta nghe dyge
nhCrng ban hiing ca vang vgng met thdi eua
nhu'ng ngydi dan phyong Nam treng nhu'ng
ngay ljch sir: khdi nghTa (25/8/1945), mirng
dec lap (02/9/1945) ya _ ^ _ ^ _ ^ ,.„
dirng len khang chiln
chong thyc dan Phap bao
ve n i n ddc lap non tre
(23/9/1945) Sau 65 nam,
dpc lai nhO'ng ang hiing
van nam xira qua bac chi
xult ban d Sai Gdn treng
nhCrng ngay thang 8/1945,
chiing ta nhir cdn thiy
trirde m i t hinh anh hac
hung cua nhCrng ngydi
dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bd dung manh hat vang:
"dong Idng di! di! dl! sa gi than sdng" ^ quylt
gianh dpc lap cho dan tpc, t y do cho nhan
dan
Trudc hit, xin dilm lai nhCrng thdi dilm
lich sir ciia nhu'ng ngay thang 8/1945 d Sai
Gon va Nam Bp cd lien quan:
- 20/8/1945, Mat tran Viet Minh (Xd uy
Nam Ky T i l n Phong) cdng khai ra m i t tai rap
Nguyin Van Hao
- 23/8/1945, khdi nghTa thanh cdng d
Tan An thee chi dao thi dilm eiia Xw uy Nam
Ky (Tiln Phong)
"Gi'nfB tiianh thiin bgch nh^
chung toi, Cy ban l&m thdi hanh chdnh, nh&n danh toan thi quSc
Mn Nam B$, tuySn bS tru&c m$t hoin cau vd trwdc m^ to&n the quoc dan rang: Che dg Cgng hda D&n chu thanh lgp tgi Nam Bg Vift Nam."
LM kiu gfi cia Cki^UBBCOm thdi NamSp, ngiy 2SMa94S (Bio sa Gdn)
- 24/8/1945, Bi thy xir uy Nam Ky (Tiln
Phong) Trin Van Giau keu ggi ddng bae ciing Viet Minh dirng len gianh ehinh quyln tai rap Nguyen Van Hao Dem eung ngay, Ooan vien Tdng cdng dean Nam Bg va Thanh nien Tiln Pheng chilm Dinh Kham sai, Dinh Ddc ly va hang loat cdng sd khae, dyng l l dai tai giae 16 Neredem - Blancsube (nay la Pham Ngpc
Thach va Le DuIn, sau Nha thd Dwc Ba) va
cpt ghi danh sach Uy ban Hanh chanh lam
thdi Nam Bp tai giap Id Bpnard Charner (nay la dyong Le Lgi -Nguyin Hue)
- 13 gid, 25/8/1945, khoang 1 trieu ngudi mit tinh tryde Dinh Ode iy Sai Gdn (nay
la tru sd UBND Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh), Chu tjch Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bp
Trin Van Giau dpc Ldl keu goi
gianh chinh quyln
- 02/9/1945, hon 1 trieu ngydi dy mit tinh mirng dpc lap tren dudng Cpng Hda (du'dng Nprpdpm eCi) Dean ngudi
bi met s l tay siing Phap ban,
- 10/9/1945, UB Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bp cai td thanh Uy ban Nhan dan Nam
Bp (UBND), quan Anh ra yeu sach chilm Nam Bd phu (Dinh Kham sai, nay la Bap tang Thanh p h i Hd Chi Minh),
- 13/9/1945, dai ta Cedile - dai dien quan dpi Phap d Sai Gdn, trep "cd tam tai" tryde Dinh Tean quyln cu (nay la Hpi trudng Thing nhit), bj nhan dan phan doi bupe phai haed
12
Trang 2L
- 22/9/1945, tu'ong Anh
Gracey (dai dien quan ddng Minh
d Sai Gdn) tha 1400 linh Phap bj
Nhat b i t tir dao chinh 09/3/1945,
trang bi vu khi d l thanh lap 12
dai dpi tac chiln
- 23/9/1945, quan Phap nd
siing chilm tru sd UBND Nam
Bp va cac cdng sd khac Sau khi
dien xin y kiln cua Trung irong,
Xw uy, UBND va Uy ban Khang
chiln Nam Bp keu gpi nhan dan
dii'ng len chdng quan xam lirgc,
cupe khang chiln chin nam gian
khd ciia nudc Viet Nam mdi
chinh thirc bit dau
Chinh treng bdi canh ljch sir
ly, nhung ang van hao hiing l i n
lugt ra ddi d l thyc hien met each
trpn ven sir menh ljch sir cua nd ciing ngydi
dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bd kien cydng Cd t h l
dilm lai nhCrng ang hiing van l y nhy sau:
Van ban thip 1: Ldl keu goi gianh ehinh
quyen tai eupc mit tinh trirde Dinh Ddc ly Sai
Gon cua Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chanh laiji
thdi Nam Bp Trin Van Giau, ngay 25/8/1945:
"Ddng bao! Quoc dan
Hdm nay la ngay ve vang nhit trong lieh
sir eua Nam Bd Viet Nam Giwa thanh thien
bach nhwt, chiing tdl, Uy ban lam thai hanh
chanh, nhan danh toan the quoe dan Nam Bd,
tuyen bo trwdc mat hoan ciu va trwac mat
toan the quoc dan rang: Chi dd Cdng hda
Dan chil thanh lap tai Nam Bd Viet Nam
Chiing tdi tuyen bd khdng thwa nhan che dd
Nam trieu va cwang quyet chdng chi dd thwc
dan Khdng mdt ngoai bang nao ed the vien ly
do gi de bae bd dwac dieu quyit dinh long
trong cua dong bao ta hoai bao lau nay: Nwac
Viet Nam hoan toan dde lap Thay mat eho
Mat tran Viet Nam ddc lap dong minh miin
Nam, chiing tdi lanh trach nhiem nam giw
chinh quyen Nam Bd, de din ngay trieu tap
xong Quoe hdi, se giao lai cho dai bleu toan
qudc"
Qua thyc, sau 65 nam, n l u khdng dyge
dpc nhCrng ddng van vdi tir ngu' rye lira, hien
ngang, bilu thi met hanh dpng cdng khai,
chinh nghTa: "giira thanh thien bach nhwt
B§o Sii Gdn thing 8/1945 dSng tin ve giiinli chfnh quyin t^i Tp Sdi Gdn
tuyen bo trwdc mat hoan ciu va trwdc mat toan the qude dan : ehe do cdng hda dan chii da dwac thanh lap tai Nam Bd Viet Nam" thi khdng
t h l hilu h i t ngirdi Sai Gdn, dan Nam Bp trong nhCrng ngay thang Tam Ijeh sir Chinh nhCrng tir ngCr trong bai d i i n van tai cupe bilu tinh gianh , chinh quyln d Sai Gdn nam xya giiip ta hilu dygc tai sae lai
cd hinh anh dung manh eiia cua hon 50.000 thanh nien T i l n Phong (met hinh thirc mat tran vdi du mpi lira tudi, t i n g Idp, tdn giap, dp bac sT Pham Ngpc Thach lam Huynh trydng ^), treng bull l l tuyen the l i n 2 vao sang 18/8/1945, tai vu'dn Ong Thygng (nay la edng vien Tae Dan) Sau khi Trang trydng Huynh Van Tilng dpc 3 Idi t h l :
Chiing ta the trung thanh vai to quid Chiing ta the trung thanh vai nhan dan!
Chung ta the glw gin phim chit eao dep!
T i t ea dean vien Thanh nien T i l n Pheng
cd mat da ciing quy mpt chan, dya tay len va
ddng leat hd 'Xin thi" vang dpi ca mpt gde trdi
Nam, Phai chang dd la dang ve chit phac, dung manh cua Luc Van Tien danh cirdp eiru ngirdi That diing tir t h l quylt chiln cua
nhO'ng "nguui eiing kho" trong suit hon 80
nam nd le, bat dirng len quylt gianh dpc lap
vdi khiu hieu vd ciing quylt liet: "Dpc lap hay
la chef Tac gia cua k h i u hieu ndi tilng nay
chinh la Chu tjch Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Trin Van Giau va cung chinh la tae gia cua
Ldl keu goi gianh chinh quyln d Sai Gdn ndi
tren Dac biet, khi xet v l npi dung ciia Lai keu
goi nay, ngay trong van ban d i u tien cua
nhu'ng ngydi cen d i t phyong Nam xa xdi, ngirdi dai dien ciia mdt nirdc Viet Nam mdi d Nam Bp da nhin manh hai y:
Trang 3Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8 / 2010
"chi do cdng hda dan chii' da dyge
"thanh lap a Nam Bd Viet Nam";
"Nam Bd" dl lien vdi "Viet Nam" - Nam
Bp la mpt phin lanh thd khdng t h l tach rdi
cua nu'dc Viet Nam Dan chu Cpng hda,
Phai chang dd la dilu co ban nhit ma
ngirdi dan "luc tinh" muln xda di d i u I n cua
mpt Nam Ky thudc dia - phin lanh thd cua Td
qudc la met xir thupe Phap, khac vdi c h l dp
bao hp d Trung Ky va Bac Ky v l ly thuylt
thupe quyln quan ly eiiff
Nam trilu, Dd la dilu sau
nay, Hd Chu tjch cung nhin
manh: "Nam Bd la mau eua
mau Viet Nam, la thit eua
thit Viet Nam Sdng cd
the can, nui cd the mdn,
song chan ly dd khdng bao
gid thay doi
Van ban thu' 2: Bai dien
van irng khiu cd tinh chit
tinh thi cua Chii tich Uy ban
Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam
Bd Trin Van Giau vao ngay
02/9/1945, tai dydng Cpng
Hda (dirdng Nprpdpm cu),
sau Nha thd Dwc Ba, Khi
hang trieu ddng bae Sai
Gdn tham dy mit tinh, chd
nghe Hd Chii tich dpc
Tuyen ngdn dde lap d Ha
Npi qua sdng phat thanh nhung d Sai Gdn lai
khdng bit dugc tin hieu Vi t h l , dng Trin Van
Giau dirge Ban t l chirc giae nhiem vu phat
bilu thay t h l , Ngay khi dd, GS Trin Van Giau
chl kip gach vai y va dang dan vdi bai diin
van h i t sire dae biet nay Trong Idi phat bilu
nhan ngay dec lap, GS Trin Van Giau da
thay mat ngydi dan Sai Gdn, nhan dan Nam
Bg ddng dac tuyen bo:
"Viet Nam tw mdt xir thudc dia trd
thanh mdt xir ddc lap"
"Viet Nam tw mdt di chi da trd thanh
mdt nwac dan chu cdng hda."
"Viet Nam dtrang tiin bwac tren
dwang sdng"
Ngay sau dd, GS T r i n Van Giau hdi
nhu'ng ngirdi d y l l :
u
Bio "Sii Gdn", thing 9/1945, dang tin vi ngay l§ dgc l$p 2/9 t^i
Sai Gdn
"Ddng bao d day cd ai thira nhan mdt quan toan quyen cai tri xir ta khdng?"
"Cd al chiu bd tay de cho ehi do thwc dan - ra mat hay giiu mat - tra lai khdng?"
Sau mdi cau hdi, ca trieu ngirdi tham dy
d i u dong thanh tra Idi: "Khdng! Khdng!
Khdng!"
Tilp dd, dng khing djnh:
"ehiing ta thi chit (ehir) khdng nhwang bd trwdc bit eie mdt sw ham doa hay
khieu khich nao"
"Chiing ta the cwang quyit dirng ben canh chanh phil, chdng moi sw xam lang, diu chit cung cam Idng"
Va bai diin van k i t thiic bang Idi keu ggi:
"Quoe dan hay sin sang chien diu!"
"Dirng len! Ngay ddc lap bat diu tirnayl"
"Tien tdi, vi ddc lap, vi
tw do, tiin tai mai! Khdng mdt thanh luy nao ngan noi chi ciia mudn dan tren dirdng glal phdng!"
Viec phat bilu eua ngudi dirng d i u Ban td ehire bull l l
la dilu nam ngpai dy kiln cua chuong trinh, Tuy irng khiu nhu'ng bai diin van rit hung hdri, hgp Idng ngirdi va ky dieu nhit la ngi dung chinh cua bai diin van trong budi l l dec lap nay lai triing khdp vdi met sd npi dung
chinh eua Tuyen ngdn dde lap 6wac Hd Chu
tjch dgc tai Ha Npi dii khdng dygc bilt tryde:
Dan tdc Viet Nam ed quyen song ddc lap, tw do va sw that da trd thanh mdt nirdc tw
do, ddc lap;
Viet Nam da tw giai phdng bing eudc ehien diu ching phat xit ben canh ddng minh;
Khdng chip nhan sw dd hd eiia thwc dan Phap dii a hinh thirc nao;
Kien quyet bao ve din ciing nen ddc lap mdi gianh dwcrc.^
Hdm sau, bai diin van dng k h i u dd du'gc
h i u h i t bao chi d Sai Gdn dang toan van, Cd
t h l ndi, t i t ca nhCrng t d ngu- diing trong bai phat bilu d i u t h l hien sy cu'ong quylt, y ehi
14
Trang 4xa than vi dpc lap cua dan tpc, vi ty do cua
nhan dan Dieu dd phai chang da an sau vae
mau thit cua ngu'di Sai Gdn, cua dan Nam Bp
va toan t h l dan tpc Viet Nam, Ngudi t h l hien
bai phat bilu chi la mpt dai dien phat ngdn, ndi
len y chi va nguyen vpng cua hang trieu ngydi
bing tinh each chat phac, khang khai cua
nhu-ng ngirdi con d i t phirong Nam, O mdt
gdc dp nao do, ngudi phat bilu da ITnh hdi
xult sac y chi ciia ca met dan tdc,
Nhung khac vdi ngay dec lap tren ca
nudc, d Nam Bp, ngay ngay 02/9/1945 tai Sai
Gon, quan Phap da ban vap dpan bilu tinh
mirng l l dpc lap, Tilp dd la nhCrng hanh dpng
gay han ciia quan Anh - Phap Vi t h l , ngay
23/9/1945, Nam Bp bit d i u cupe khang chiln
trudng ky Nam Bd lai di d i u ciru nirdc va lai
CO nhirng ang hiing van bit hii vang len keu
gpi mpi ting Idp nhan dan quylt chiln d l bae
ve nin dpc lap non tre mdi gianh dirge, Trong
nhu'ng ngay nay d Nam Bg, cd 02 van ban ma
chiing tdi muln ndi d i n Dd la nhCrng ang
hiing van cua nhCrng ngudi chinh nghTa,
nhCrng ngudi chu nhan thyc sy ciia mgt d i t
nudc dpc lap (du chi duge vai ngay), NhCrng
ang hiing van do vu'a
quylt liet lai vira lich
^istpn&'^kiiiim'MiiJ&Mk
sy, nhan dao khoan
dung, phan rd phai
trai, dung sai; xac
djnh ro rang tinh
chinh nghTa, nghTa vu
thieng lieng ciia hanh
dpng chdng tra bgn
thyc dan xam lugc
D P la Ldi keu goi
nhan dan khang
chien va Thw girl
nhO'ng ngwdl Phap a
Sal Gdn eua Uy ban
Khang chiln Nam
Bd,
Sang 23/9/1945,
Ldi keu goi ciia Uy
ban Khang chiln
Nam Bp du'gc phat
di Tilp theo khi t h l
hdng hyc ciia ngay
gianh chinh quyln
« I'l llfljIllldllllU fi-Mlir Il4fj ill ^•iJiiiii
(f fcf i-»lHllt- Itf l*!lllJlliE
IRikiiiii^il UII
'Gd/ nhin din Phip d Sii Gdn",
nhin ngiy 23/9/1945
(25/8/1945)
va l l dec lap (02/9/1945) vdi khau hieu
"Dpc lap hay
la chit" tilp
tuc dirge lly lam chil d l chinh nham
keu ggi "tit ca
dong bao, gia, tre, trai, gai, hay cim vu khi xdng len danh duoi quan xam Iwac" Vi t h l ,
trong loan bp Idi keu gpi da toat len tinh t h i n quat khdi
"quyit hy sinh din giot mau cuoi ciing di bao
ve ddc lap cua to quoc" nhim biin Sai Gdn
-met noi phdn hoa, hdn ngpc viln ddng thanh
noi: "khdng dien nwac, khdng chg biia, khdng
cira han^' NhCrng ddng cudi ciing cua Idi keu
gpi la nhCrng tir ngCr that dirt khpat, manh me,
quylt liet:
"Tir gia phiit nay, nhiem
vu hang diu eiia ehiing ta la tieu diet giac Phap va tieu diet tay sal ciia chiing"
"Hay nim chat vu khi trong tay, xdng len, danh duoi thwc dan, eiru nwac"
Cd met khac biet treng cupe khang chiln chdng thyc dan Ph.gp
d Sai Gen so vdi cac noi khac tren d i t nirdc Viet Nam sau nay,
dd la thai dp vira quylt liet nhirng
v i n lich sy ciia nhCrng ngirdi dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bp vdi nhCrng ngudi Phap dang hien dien tai Sai Gdn liic b i y gid Thay mat ngu'di dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bp, Chu tjch
Uy ban khang chiln T r i n Van Giau da chuyin tai y chi ciia ngirdi dan khang chiln qua mdt thdng diep bing tilng Phap, Cd
t h l ndi, t i t ea nhO'ng gi eua tinh thin van hda va nhan van cao ea
"S^^TKTTEP^^SS
Trang 5Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8/2010
dirge hun diic tir van hda eiia dan tpc Viet,
chit khing khai hao sang cua mien d i t
phuong Nam va ca each hanh van "rit Tay"
ma tac gia thira hu'dng tir n i n giae due cua
Nha nu'dc bao hp d i u cd trong ang hiing van
nay, Ngay cau md d i u , mpt phpng thai ljch
sy, dang hoang ciia ngirdi chu nhan d i t nu'dc
dugc t h l hien qua viee sii' dung eac dai tir
nhan xirng ljch sy, trang trpng, diing vdi quy
t i e giao tilp ngeai giao d l ndi ehuyen vdi
nhirng ngirdi cd ly tri, bilt le phai: "quy vi va
"chiing tdi Gipng van nay khac hoan tean vdi
each hanh van cua Idi keu gpi dirng len gianh
chinh quyln hay cam vu khi bao ve n i n dde
lap non tre Ngay sau dd la sy se sanh vd
ciing chinh xac, sau sac nhyng rit ngin gpn,
khiic chiit v l ban chit eiia cupe khang chiln
ma ngudi dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bp dang tiln
hanh vdi "cuoc khang chiin eua ngwdl Phap
chdng lai Hit - le" Hang leat cae se sanh v l
nghTa vu cua mpt ngudi dan vdi Td qudc eiia
minh, v l hanh dpng chiln tranh d l bao ve Td
qudc nhu: "Cung nhw quy vl, ehiing tdl cd
quyen va nghTa vu phai bao ve, giai phdng To
quoc cua chung tdi Cung nhw quy vi, chung
tdi loai bd tat ca nhirng al toan diing vu Iwc de
khuit phuc chiing tdi
Dac biet, trong cupe chiln mpt m i t mdt
con nay, birc thdng diep v i n dua ra nhCrng
khang dinh rit rd rang, nhan van va kien
quylt: "Chiing tdl khdng phai la nhirng ke sat
nhan chuyen nghiep" "Giit hit nhirng ngwai
Phap" khdng phai la mue dich ciia chung tdi
"Trwng thu tai san ciia ngoai kiiu" khdng cd
trong chwang trinh ciia chiing tdi
Ly do don gian ma nhCrng ngydi dan Viet
"ndp vdl giao mang tren vai la vi "giau ldng
yeu nw&c" Vdi vu khi thd so, hp s i n sang
dirng len chong lai xe tang, may bay quan thii
vi "chinh nhirng ten cam diu phat xit ciia quy
vi e l tinh muln dd hp Viet Nam mpt l i n nira
Culi birc thu, Idi le vira chan tinh nhirng cung
rit dirt khoat: "Hdi nhirng ngwdl Phap: Hay
suy nghi Them bai hoc mdi chang dem lai
loi ldc gi cho quy vi dau."
Va k i t thiic thdng diep bang viee danh
thirc gia trj luong tri, Idng ty hae eua nhCrng
ngudi da tirng lam nen mpt cupe dai each
mang vdi nhCrng my tir Tw do Binh dang
-Bac ai "Hai nhwng con chau ciia cude Dai each mang Phap, cae anh chj se khdng chju' twde doat tw do cua mdt dan tdc da gianh dwgc bang nhirng hy sinh to lan"
Rd rang, birc thdng diep cua ngudi dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bp da dat nhCrng ke dang c l tinh ap dat ach thdng tri len met dan tpc khac vao nhCrng trang sir hao hiing cua chinh hp
d l ly giai v l tinh chinh nghTa va chinh dang
ma nhan dan Nam Bp va toan t h l ngudi dan Viet dang nhit t l dirng len bae ve dec lap dan toe da gianh dygc tir tay phat xit Nhat,
Sau 65 nam, dgc lai nhCrng ang hiing van
b i t hu cua ngydi dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bg, ehiing ta eang ty hao khdng ehi bdi nhCrng chiln tieh tren chiln trudng, ma ty hao hon khi ngay treng khdi lira eua chiln tranh vin vang len nhirng tilng ndi hae sang vdi Idi van mgc mac nhyng rit nhan van, dam chit tri tue, NhCrng ban hiing ca l y t h l hien rd net chit van hda - lich sir ciia nhCrng ngudi dan
Viet d d i t trdi phuong Nam "mdt thud mang
gwam di ma nwac"
v l tu lieu, d l thyc hien bai vilt, do met sd dilu kien khach quan, ehiing tdi chf cd t h l tim dygc nhCrng van ban ndi tren qua bao ehi xult ban tai Sai Gdn d thdi dilm dd (liru tru
dydi dang Microfilm '') va cung cd t h l coi: day
la tal lieu cd do tin cay cao nhat hien cd vi each mang thang 8- 1945, vi ngay le dde lap
va ngay Nam Bd khang chiin a Sal Gdn va Nam Bd ndi chung./
1 Sac lenh 49/SL cua Hd Chu tich quy dinh \/4 Quoc hieu tren cac loai van ban, giSy ta
2 "Tiing goi thanh nien" Luu Hiru Phwac, Hoang Mai Lwu
3 To chwc thanh nien hoat dong dwai sw lanh dao cua Xw uy Nam Ky (TiSn Phong), ra dai 01-6-1945, do
BS Pham Ngoc Thach to chwc theo goi y cua Ida, quyin Tong tnrang Thanh nien The thao Dong Dwang Day la Iwc luong nong cot cho khai nghia gianh chinh quyen a Sal Gon vao thang 8/1945
4 l^lcrofilm bao chi Miin Nam 1930 - 7945 Bao Sai Gon tw 19 - 27/12/1945 Phong twileu (bao chi) han chi Thw vien khoa hoc tdng hap Tp HCM
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