UNIT 1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT A PHONETICS I Underline the content words 1 The vase made by the artisan is wonderful 2 My stone vases were partially coated with gold leaf 3 The museum displays rare and prec.
Trang 2UNIT 1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
A PHONETICS
I Underline the content words.
1 The vase made by the artisan is wonderful
2 My stone vases were partially coated with gold leaf
3 The museum displays rare and precious treasures
4 Her dress was covered with beautiful embroidery
5 The magnificent hall and its gardens became a tourist attraction
6 Traditional handicraft techniques are being improved
7 Their town is famous for its cathedral
8 The local shopkeepers sell souvenirs to the tourists
II Underline the stressed words.
1 Wood carving are a speciality of this village
2 This gallery has exhibitions of arts and crafts
3 Her paintings describe the lives of ordinary people in her country
4 The original products were made by highly skilled craftsmen
5 She sometimes embroiders paintings and gives them to her relatives
6 Arts isn’t my favourite subject at school, but I need to study it
7 Where did you learn to make this beautiful necklace?
8 My mother won’t be free this evening as she will be having a cooking class
a to make a soft substance have a particular shape
b to make cloth by repeatedly crossing a single thread through two sets of longthreads on a loom
c to decorate cloth with a pattern of stitches usually using coloured thread
d to write something on a surface by cutting into it
e to make clothes flat and smooth using a heated tool
f to shape hot liquid metal, etc by pouring it into a hollow container
g to use a needle and thread to make stitches in cloth
h to make clothes, etc by using two long needles to connect wool, cotton, oranother thread into joined rows
i to cover a surface or object with paint
j to create solid objects that represent a thing, person, idea, etc by using amaterial such as wood, clay, metal, or stone
II Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.
1 When I saw Anna, she was wearing a thin dress, black stockings, and asmall fur jacket
2 is not only a normal hat, but also one of Vietnam’s symbols of charm
handicraft lacquerware marble sculptures conical hat
silkhandkerchiefs tablecloth workshop pottery drums
Trang 33 If you soak the before you wash it, the stains should come out.
4 These shiny white were made by traditional artisans in Da Nang
5 The treasure hunt game is aimed at improving management and skills
6 Our have the full range of sound: booming base, sharp slaps, and richfull tones
7 Today tissues are so popular that cloth are regarded as old-fashioned
8 Generations of artists in this village have turned ordinary wood and bamboointo beautiful
9 , sometimes expressed as handmade, is a type of work where objectsare made completely by hand or by using only simple tools
10 Their old garage has been made into a for making wood products
III Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 _ are made by pouring molten metal into a mould and allowing it tosolidify
2 Dining _ are typically made of cotton, a poly-cotton blend, or a coated material that can be wiped clean
plastic-A handkerchiefs B tablecloths C shawls D ties
3 The idea of making bai tho _ was born in Tay Ho village in Hue by a
craftsman who loved poems
4 They learned to _ bronze into statues before they learned to polish them
5 The curtains and the _ match well - both are made of wool and have thesame colours and patterns
6 The school diversified their _ program by organizing tours to varioushandicraft villages
A cultural B historical C scientific D educational
7 The museum’s collection includes _ dating back to prehistoric times
A products B artefacts C favourites D souvenirs
8 Most of the travel companies have _ tour of the city every morning
A sightseeing B visiting C entertaining D travelling
9 They are famous for their handicraft products, which are mostly made by _
10 Police arrested the tradesman who copied paintings of famous _ andpassed them off as originals
A skilful workers B artisans C artists D craftsmen
IV Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 These handicrafts are very popular with our foreign friends (art)
2 , the town has many interesting places to offer to the tourists (culture)
Trang 43 The old lady has practised a lot at drawing and she is now a famous .(paint)
4 These materials should only be used for serving the needs of specific programs (education)
5 Thanks to technology, these paintings are in an excellent state of .(preserve)
6 The scenery in Quang Binh is exceedingly to the tourists from thecountry (attract)
7 The villagers build their shelters by a kind of palm branches (weave)
8 Hai Minh village in Nam Dinh province is well-known for its hardwoodfurniture (carve)
9 Archaeological evidence may help to establish the of the statue.(authenticate)
10 She likes to wear the white dress, the one with black silk (embroider)
C GRAMMAR
I Write down whether the underlined part is a main clause (M), dependent clause of concession (DC), dependent clause of purpose (DP), dependent clause of reason (DR), or dependent clause of time (DT).
1 The trainer repeated the instructions in order that the trainees understood the
( )
2 He’s the best craftsman, even though he has the least experience ( )
3 The handicraft workshops needed more workers because they got new bigorders ( )
4 Clay is often used in casting small bronze sculptures as this material retainstheir softness ( )
5 Please ensure you have a ticket booked before you arrive at the arts gallery.( )
6 Although the conical hat looks fragile, it can protect our head from rain andsunlight ( )
7 If you visit Hoi An at night, you can see the light of various colourful lanterns.( )
8 The tourists will visit Non Nuoc marble village as soon as they arrive in DaNang ( )
9 This guideline shows every stage of the design process so that you canconfidently design your knitting patterns ( )
10 Since oil paints dry slowly, you can give yourself plenty of time to blend ( )
II Combine each pair of sentences to make a complex sentence Use the word in the brackets.
1 They bought these paintings They had moved to the new house (after)
2 I love knitting It helps me relax after a hard-working day (because)
Trang 5a get information, discover something
b begin to have control of something
c take action to solve a problem
d start a new business
e stop doing business
f arrive
g start on a trip
h have enough money to live
i be excited about something
j read
IV Fill in each blank with the correct form of a phrasal verb in Part III.
1 We our trip to Da Nang next week
2 Mr Thanh the day-to-day running of the company while his father wasaway
3 She the information she needed in the book
4 They demolished the old building and a shopping centre at the site
5 Though I have reminded Steve that he should go to the pick-up point early, he late as usual
6 The local authority has effectively the problem of labour shortage
Trang 68 The villagers the income they earn by making conical hats.
9 The tourists the brochures to get directions in the park
10 What time will we for the station tomorrow?
V Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 _ there are many candy villages in Mekong Delta, coconut candy villages
in Ben Tre are the most famous
2 He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to _ late for work
3 _ they had carried the sculptures up the stairs, they stopped for a rest
4 Wish you the happiest journey and we _ meeting again in the near future
A look up B look for C look through D look forwardto
5 _ you come near the coconut candy village, you can smell the typicaltaste of coconuts
6 Her application for the job in the souvenir shop was _ down because shewas under age
7 Dong Ho paintings are unique _ they are printed on do paper which is made from do trees.
8 You should wait to _ the train until the passengers getting off havecleared out
9 The host will help tourists carefully manipulate the clay and wheel _ theycan make a piece on their own
10 Sue _ time and didn’t finish the last question, but she passed the test
A kept up with B got on with C faced up to D ran out of
VI Choose the word or phrase that needs correction.
1 Some reviews about their traditional paintings are bring out in this magazine
Trang 7I Match the sentences.
1 Have you already found a destination for our
4 This museum looks small
5 Where did you spend your last weekend?
6 According to the tour program, we will have
a Yes, but I hear that it has many uniqueartefacts
b They knitted them out of bamboo
c Not yet We should have another plan
d I know! And the artisan must be skilful
e We had a memorable trip to a new zoo onthe outskirts of the city
f Half past six would be good
Trang 87 How did they make these baskets?
8 We must come back to the gathering point on
time
9 Look at this carved eggshell! It’s amazing!
10.What time should we set off for the tour?
g That sounds fun How about theafternoon?
h I don’t think so Artisans have to follow
15 stages to make it
i Yeah! Children play games while theirparents sit and talk with each other
j But what is the exact time?
II Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
Yes, her job is making embroidery paintings
All of them, and some other subjects too Sometimes she embroiders ondemand, so the subjects will depend on customers’ needs
Like this logo, but the paintings are bigger The making process needsseveral additional tasks such as choosing fabric and framing
1 Where did you buy this shirt? It’s beautiful, especially this rose-shapedlogo
Okay Sure!
Really? Is she an embroiderer?
How about the subject? Are they about flowers, scenery, or people?
I bought the shirt in the supermarket, but the rose flower is a present from
my elder sister She embroidered it
That’s nice to hear Please ask them first Then I’ll tell my sister
I don’t know much about embroidery paintings How do they look like?
I see My parents like paintings I’ll tell them about this embroidery paintingart Maybe they would like to have one
E READING
I Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Ha Noi, the capital of Vietnam, is one of the most interesting destinations fordomestic and foreign tourists Among many attractions are the craft villages.There are about 1500 handicraft villages recognized in Viet Nam, and about 300are traditional handicraft villages The heartland of craft villages is the Red RiverDelta, and particularly around Ha Noi Ha Noi is home to more than 45 percent ofthe nation’s total number
How were those craft villages-set up? Years ago, after harvest time,Vietnamese villagers used natural materials, such as clay, bamboo, wood, andsome certain kinds of plants and leaves to make craft things for their family’sdaily needs Gradually, they made their handicrafts more and more perfect, andthen sold them to others around the village to get extra income The ways to
make handicrafts have been passed down from generation to generation.
Family members, relatives, and friends work together Those artisans nevercompete but help one another to do better business Each craft village has itstrademark name of handicraft products
The government has organized marketing offices, agencies, and designcenters to introduce handicrafts to everyone so that the artisans can sell theirproducts Today, many ceramic, porcelain, bamboo, rattan, wood, and lacquerproducts from handicraft villages are sold as souvenirs throughout the country
Trang 91 Which of the following best serves the title of the passage?
A Overview of Vietnamese traditional handicrafts
B Handicraft villages in Ha Noi and their origin
C The development of traditional handicraft villages in Viet Nam
D Some facts about craft villages in Viet Nam
2 According to the passage, how many traditional handicraft villages are there in
Ha Noi?
A more than 675 B more than 135 C about 300 D none of theabove
3 Years ago, Vietnamese people made handicrafts
A for household use B to sell to tourists
C to earn their living D because of their poverty
4 The phrase “passed down” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _
5 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A Each craft village has its brand name of handicraft products
B Both Vietnamese people and foreign tourists like handicraft products
C Handicrafts are made of man-made materials
D Handicraft products are sold as souvenirs nationwide
II Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Kim Bong woodworking village is a village located in Cam Kim commune, Hoi
An, Quang Nam Province, most notable for its (1) and traditionalwoodworking products Established in the 15th century, it reached its peak in the18th century, during which time the village (2) contributed their skills inwoodworking to many different projects, including the Imperial capital in Hue.Using their shipbuilding skills, they supplied ships and large boats used for the (3) activities of the busy commercial port of Hoi An
To (4) a marked decline of interest in the woodworking professionduring the 20th century, the village successfully offered training and otherincentives to young apprentices, resulting in an increase to over 200 (5) and 18 different woodcarving companies as of 2008 (6) , a successfulcommunity-based tourism project in Kim Bong has allowed greater tourismrevenue for the village
2 A unskilled workers B handiworks C handicrafts D craftsmen
4 A close down B look through C deal with D find out
5 A woodworkers B labourers C cabinetmakers D artisans
6 A Consequently B Therefore C Additionally D However
F WRITING
I Rewrite the sentences, using the word in brackets as a cue.
1 Melinda has a friendly relationship with her classmates (get)
Trang 106 I couldn’t hear the tour guide because he was speaking too softly.
The tour guide was _
7 We spent five hours getting to the first tourist destination in our two-day tour
Trang 1110 She prefers working as a weaver to looking for another job.
She’d rather
UNIT 2: CITY LIFE
A PHONETICS
I Underline the pronouns that sound strong.
1 Hey, wait for me!
2 This gift was sent to him not to his wife
3 Look! Is it her? - No, I don’t know that woman
4 Among his close friends, Adrian likes her
5 Who will be in charge of booking the tickets? - You
6 He likes her, but does she like him?
7 We were there, but they weren’t
8 I’m not talking to you, so please step aside!
II Decide whether the bold words are used as weak form (W) or strong form (S).
1 Jack: Will you ( ) be at the opening ceremony on Sunday?
Luke: Yes Will you ( ) be there too?
2 Julian: Is she ( ) there?
Mateo: Yes Everybody else is studying, but she ( ) is dreaming!
3 Bella: He ( ) doesn’t play video games or watch TV!
Julia: Really? Is that what he ( ) told you?
4 Penelope: Look! It’s him! ( )
Eleanor: Where? I can’t see him ( )
5 Jordan: Do you know that woman?
Cooper: Her? ( ) Yes, she ( ) is my neighbour.
6 Carton: I’m afraid we ( ) can’t join the party this weekend
David: What do you mean, ‘we’? ( ) I’d like to come.
7 Adam: They told us ( ) to wait here.
Owen: Well, they didn’t tell us! ( )
8 Carson: Many young people think it’s better to live in the city
Robert: What about you? ( ) Do you ( ) think so?
B VOCABULARY
I Choose the most suitable adjective to fill in the blanks.
1 It’s more (fabulous/ convenient/ comfortable) to ride a bicycle in crowdedtowns
2 It’s terribly (noisy/ crowded/ polluted) living near the airport - planes arecoming over all the time
3 In her country, agriculture is the backbone of the (urban/ downtown/ rural)economy
4 When I stepped into that shop, the salesman gave me a (helpful/ cheerful/stressful) greeting
Trang 125 Ho Chi Minh City is a vibrant, (fascinating/ frightening/ polluted) city, so lots ofpeople want to live there.
6 The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the castle and other places
of (ancient/ old/ historic) interest
7 Globalization is sometimes used as a term to describe increasing (local/national/ international) trade
8 Indonesia, with around 275 million people, is the fourth most (liveable/numerous/ populous) country in the world
9 He left his successful business and a (luxury/ fashionable/ popular) life in thecity to become a monk
10 The parents usually take their children to the park because they quickly get(bored/ exhausted/ excited) with staying indoors
II Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.
1 As a(n) person, William has no difficulty in making friends in anysituation
2 is caused because the body clock does not readjust immediately to thetime change
3 Living in a multiracial and city, people need to show respect for thesensibilities of others
4 In areas, the living standards are higher, and life is more convenient
5 The natural habitats of the country’s wildlife have been ravaged by and pollution
6 Residents in the building have to pay for trash pickup and , includingparks, community pools and baseball fields
7 Bordeaux has always been a dynamic, city where tourists can try avariety of food and drink from different countries
8 Many countries preserve the important in the cities such as rivers,lakes, and parks
9 The in the city is expensive, but salaries are supposed to be high aswell
10 The tallest buildings in London are still small in comparison with New York’s
III Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 The bread we occasionally buy from the mini-mart is not French butIrish
2 Although Da Nang is a big city, the cost of living is _
3 Perth is a very _ city and I believe it to be an exciting education andtourist destination
Cosmopolitan metropolitan easy-going cost of living
natural featuresjet lag skyscrapers urban sprawl multicultural
Trang 134 This street was renowned for its _ sports stores, but it’s starting to godownhill.
A easy-going B fashionable C frightening D annoying
5 There are also some commodities, soft drinks, fast food and _ specialties
in this shop
6 She is still amazed by the _ and sounds of the city though she has livedhere for five years
A sights B attractions C destinations D sites
7 _ is a real problem for new graduates and unskilled workers in thecountry now
A Pollution B Traffic jam C Unemployment D Crime
8 The household registration reform abolished the distinction between farmersand city _
9 Inner city schools gleam with modern gadgetry, while _ schools lack basictextbooks
10 Despite all the _, I still enjoy getting out in the countryside whenever Ican
IV Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 He has a with all forms of transport, but he can’t stand traffic jams.(fascinate)
2 Street vendors are to display their goods on this wayside (forbid)
3 My uncle, a peasant, had only a tiny feeling of as he glimpsed the citylights (excite)
4 The noisy traffic is a continual to the citizens in the town (annoy)
5 The fair attracted hundreds of people from the towns and villages.(neighbour)
6 My penfriend once said that it was commuting from Brighton toLondon (exhaust)
7 The of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.(warm)
8 , the city has been content to stand on its natural attractions in order
to draw business (history)
9 There is a linkage between the rate and crime in any society (employ)
10 There is a contrast between tradition and on the city’s streets.(modern)
C GRAMMAR
I Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 The Channel Tunnel project is (the bigger/ the biggest) civil engineering project
in Europe
Trang 142 Going out of the room, he shut the door behind him (as quiet as/ as quietly as)possible.
3 I don’t think life in the countryside starts (earlier than/ early as) that in the city
4 On Mondays everybody seems to be (much busier/ more busy) than on otherweekdays
5 The London Tower is one of the (most famous/ best famous) structures in theworld
6 I have tried a number of different dishes and this is (by far the best/ the best
by far) restaurant in the town
7 The road soon became (more narrow and steep/ narrower and steeper), so wefound another way to the mall
8 British Columbia is the (third largest/ largest the third) Canadian province, both
in area and population
9 The charity aims at helping children in (least developed/ less developed)regions throughout the country
10 My old classmates and I meet up for lunch now and then, but not (often than/
as often as) we used to
II Complete the sentences with the most suitable comparison form of the word in brackets.
1 The population of the city is expanding (fast) than earlier predictions
2 In those days, travelling and trading were not (easy) as they aretoday
3 By far one of the (important) issues for the country is unemployment
4 Hotels, restaurants, places of interests, tour guide, and transportation havebeen (bad) than expected
5 The building was (dirty) I had ever seen, with broken windows anddusty doors
6 It is not as (expensive) you might imagine living in a city with asecured job
7 Plants climbing over the walls gives the villa an appearance which is (ancient) than it was
8 My brother took the new job because he felt that the career prospects weremuch (good)
9 The council has begun to listen (careful) to its citizens, in an attempt
Trang 152 Sofia said she at the thought of walking down the streets and goingshopping at Christmas.
3 Although Betty just moved to the boarding school last month, she hernew friends quickly
4 Lots of houses along this street soon to make way for the new metroproject
5 Seeing the heavy traffic jam from a distance, Eric and took analternate route
6 Prices rising recently despite the government’s efforts to bring themdown
7 This report the causes of rising unemployment rate and offers somesolutions
8 When university students come to the city to start the new school year, therent _
9 Nowadays most children in comfort and cannot imagine the hardships
of the previous generation’s life
10 Phong his shoes while chewing some bread - he was late for schoolagain
IV Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 The busy life in the city has helped Emily (go/ get) over her homesickness
2 They usually read the papers to keep (up/ on) with what’s happening in theoutside world
3 When things aren’t going well, my father always encourages me and tells menot to (give/ take) up
4 “Here is my phone number! Put (it down/ down it) in case you need somehelp,” said my uncle
5 The foreigners were (brought/ shown) around the city by a local tour guide
6 He always takes (down/ off) his hat when visiting sacred places such aschurches and pagodas
7 She forgot to (put/ turn) off the tap in the bathroom, so there was water allover the floor
8 It isn’t easy for her to (put/ set) up with people who are impolite or have crudebehaviours
9 They had gone about three kilometres when the motorbike (broke/ pulled)down this morning
10 Could you please turn (down/ up) the volume on the television? It’s too loud
V Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 House prices have to _ sooner or later because people keep moving tothe city
2 The students have devoted _ time to this small town than to other _populous cities and provinces
-much more
Trang 16C far more - more many D more far more many
-3 The players were substituted because they failed to _ to their coach’sexpectations
4 Irish people are among _ in Europe, as shown in a new study
A as happy and healthy as B more happy and healthy
C the happiest and healthiest D happier and healthier than
5 Have you _ your little problems with the neighbour yet, or are you stillnot speaking?
A got on with B kept up with C put up with D got over
6 The cost of food, water, housing and electricity in the rural area is _ inthe city
A cheaper than those B cheap as that C as cheap as
D the cheapest
7 The Prime Minister and his cabinet _ to find the best means of solving thecrisis
A closed down B turned down C sat down D stood up
8 The north-east, with 60 million people, is _ part of the United States
A second the most populous B the most densely populated
population
9 Frank apologised to Ann for not coming to her birthday party, but she _his excuse at once
A looked forward to B looked through C saw off D saw through
10 If they did move to Ho Chi Minh City, they’d stand _ chance of getting ajob
A a much better B much the best C a better more D a much more
VI Choose the word or phrase that needs correction.
1 I got up the bus with some of my friends with whom I went to primary school
Trang 175 Flowing through southern England including London, Thames River is secondlongest
I Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
Kelly: Hi, Grace How was your visit to the capital?
Grace: Hi, Kelly It was exciting! (1)
Kelly: What are they? Where did you go?
I've never had a chance to try it
That would be a burden for my parents
My cousin took me to many interesting places
Even though traffic jams and exhaust fumes can be a problem, you canalways wear a face mask
You should make a plan right now and give it a try
We walked down the pedestrian streets
Now she enjoys It
You must be among the best students
Trang 18Grace: At first, we travelled to the downtown area (2)
It was Saturday evening so there were lots of people Then we stopped by
a restaurant to have dinner After that we went to a terrace coffee shop toenjoy the city view at night It was amazing!
Kelly: Wow! Sounds like lots of fun!
Grace: Yeah! You should visit it once to experience the city life
Kelly: (3) But I heard that the streets are too crowded
and polluted You can hardly breathe
Grace: That’s not totally true It’s only crowded in rush hours when people go to
and come back from work (4) If you get familiarwith the life there, you will know how to avoid or reduce such things
Kelly: How do you know this?
Grace: My cousin told me! Her thought was the same as yours when she first
came to live in the city (5)
Kelly: Sooner or later, I will have to live in a big city when I study in the
university However, I know that the cost of living there is high (6)
Grace: You’re right Hey! Do you know that you can study hard and apply for a
Kelly: Maybe I’ll try Thank you very much for your advice
Grace: Never mind I’m glad to help
II Put the sentences in the correct order to make a conversation.
Of course! Come on in Would you like some coffee?
Oh, I also just moved in last month
Please call me Jimmy We are neighbours now
1 Hello! Have you just moved in?
Nice to meet you I’m setting up something, please excuse me if I’mdisturbing you Never mind How were your first days here?
Yes, I do That’s a little inconvenient I know there’s always traffic jam, butit’s heavier than I think And the prices are little high It also costs muchmore for daily expenses But overall, it’s worth it How about you? How longhave you been here?
In this neighbourhood?
Hi, yes We’ve been here for some days I’m Henry, and you are
Do you have to travel far to work?
Is it convenient for you?
Yes, I’d love to
Both the neighbourhood and the city
Trang 19It’s great Everyone seems helpful It’s just some minutes to drive my kids toschool, and there are only a few steps away from the markets, recreationcentres, parks
Really? Hey! Would you like to go inside so we can talk more?
E READING
I Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
During the Industrial Era, there was a growth spurt worldwide The development
of factories brought people from rural to urban areas, and new technologyincreased the efficiency of transportation, food production, and food preservation.For example, from the mid-1670s to the early 1900s, London’s populationincreased from 550,000 to 7 million Global favourites like New York, London, andTokyo are all examples of postindustrial cities As cities evolve frommanufacturing-based industrial to service- and informationbased postindustrialsocieties, gentrification becomes more common Gentrification occurs whenmembers of the middle and upper classes enter and renovate city areas thathave been historically less wealthy while the poor urban underclass are forced byresulting price pressures to leave those neighbourhoods for increasingly decayingportions of the city
Globally, 54 percent of the world’s 7 billion people currently reside in urbanareas, with the most urbanized region being North America (82 percent), followed
by Latin America/the Caribbean (80 percent), with Europe coming in third (72percent) In comparison, Africa is only 40 percent urbanized With 38 millionpeople, Tokyo is the world’s largest city by population The world’s most denselypopulated cities are now largely concentrated in the global south, a markedchange from several decades ago when the biggest cities were found in theglobal north In the next forty years, the biggest global challenge for urbanizedpopulations, particularly in less developed countries, will be to achievedevelopment that occurs without depleting or damaging the natural environment,also called sustainable development
- spurt (n): sự bùng phát - gentrification (n): sự chỉnh trang đô thị
- renovate (v): cải tạo - decay (v): suy tàn
1 The London’s population was around half a million before the mid-1670s
2 The more the cities evolve from manufacturing-based industrial to service- andinformation-based postindustrial societies, the less the gentrification becomes
3 Gentrification occurs when the rich enter and renovate the wealthier city areas
4 More than half of the world’s population live in urban areas
5 Africa is the least urbanized region in the world
6 Tokyo, the world’s largest city by population, is not a postindustrial city
7 The world’s most densely populated cities used to be largely concentrated inthe global south
Trang 208 Sustainable development will be the biggest global challenge for urbanizedpopulations
II Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
Humans have been living in cities for more than 5,000 years, with the firstcities founded (1) the birth of agriculture In contrast to previous living(2) , cities are characterised as having a large population in a small area,
a surplus of goods for trade, and specialisation that allows for expert craft.Although there is no standard (3) definition of ‘urban’, typically theseenvironments include a high-population (4) with a significant amount ofbuilt infrastructure The (5) of the world’s population living in urbanenvironments has increased dramatically over the past 200 years, from just threeper cent in 1800 to 55 per cent at present, with projections to (6) to 68per cent by 2050 For the first time in human history, most of the world’s peoplelive in urban environments Australia ranks among other nations as one of themost (7) in the world, with more than two-thirds of our population nowliving in (8) cities
F WRITING
I Rewrite the sentences, using the word in brackets as a cue.
1 Jack continues chatting although the teacher has warned him (on)
Trang 21II Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1 New York is the largest city in the United States
No other cities
2 I have never visited such a crowded city as Tokyo
Tokyo is
3 They couldn’t turn up on time because of the traffic jams
The traffic jams prevented
4 I’ll be happy to give you a lift to school
9 High cost of living influences most city dwellers
Most city dwellers
10 As people get older, they seem to travel less
The older _
UNIT 3: TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE
A PHONETICS
I Decide whether the verb form of BE in bold in each pair of sentences
is stressed (Y) or not (N).
1 Jason: Isn’t it too late to tell the truth now? ( )
Ethan: No, it isn’t ( )
2 Kelvin: Was she busy with other assignments? ( )
Adam: Yes, she was ( )
3 Dorson: Isn’t orange juice your favourite drink? ( )
Norman: Yes, orange juice is my favourite drink, but I don’t usually drink it at
night ( )
4 Tommy: Are you happy that I cancel the deal? ( )
Linda: Yes, I am It’s good to cancel it ( )
5 Jim: Do you think they are waiting for us now? ( )
Brian: Of course! They are Hurry up! ( )
6 Ms Emma: You aren’t working this Saturday? ( )
Mr Johnson: I am, but I will ask my leader for a day off ( )
Trang 22Hector: Yes, we are And you? ( )
8 Jane: Isn’t he the man we met yesterday? ( )
Lily: No, he isn’t ( )
II Underline the verb form of BE that should be stressed in the following sentences.
1 She is good at Maths but her brother isn’t
2 Kate: Are you reading comics?
Betty: Yes, I am
3 Gwen: Isn’t hanging out a good way to release stress?
Chloe: Yes, it is
4 Anna: Do you think he is a good teacher?
Stacy: He is But he’s quite reserved
5 Adrian: Is she confident that she will pass the interview?
Frank: Yes, she is She has prepared for it very well
6 Thomas: Aren’t you leaving for the picnic?
Kelvin: Yes, I am But it’s a little early
7 Jane: He is too young to live without the support from his parents
Melisa: He is But he can take care of himself
8 Nicky: Excuse me! Aren’t you in grade 9?
Claire: No, I’m not
B VOCABULARY
I Choose the most suitable adjective to fill in the blanks.
1 He became (embarrassed/ tired) when a journalist asked him pointed questionsabout his finances
2 Seeing her daughter’s (confused/ relaxed) and sad expression, the motherasked ‘what’s wrong honey?’
3 His humorous remark lightened the (tense/ surprised) atmosphere in thecognitive competition
4 I was so (disappointed/ excited) that I couldn’t keep the good news from themany longer
5 Although he has failed to win the gold medal twice, he is not (delighted/discouraged)
6 In contrast to your belief that we will fail, I am (happy/ confident) that we willsucceed
7 He always shows a lot of passion when he speaks, he’s a very (worried/emotional) man
8 They were (encouraged/ upset) to express their fears and anxieties so that wecan help
9 She spoke with a (depressed/ calm) voice, not showing any sign of theemotional state she’d been in just moments earlier
10 My parents were extremely (stressed/ delighted) to hear of my scholarship tothe national university
II Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.
Trang 231 She was sufficiently to recognize the cause of her problems.
2 We should put ourselves in other people’s shoes and try to with them
3 I couldn’t on my schoolwork last week - my mind was on other things
4 It takes a lot of effort for parents to nurture and raise their child to
5 You need a lot of when you’re doing research work on your own
6 The company provides a variety of ways for employees to andcomplaints
7 Do you agree that nothing is more precious than and freedom?
8 While the psychologist expected Nelson to do reasonably well, he wasimpressed with his superior
9 Research in psychology has shown that we remember iconic imagesbetter than text
10 How can unstructured play create opportunities and encourage inchildren?
III Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 Why didn’t you tell me you weren’t _ with the situation? I’m not a mindreader!
2 Henry always seems so _, but in reality he’s extremely shy
A self-discipline B self-aware C self-confident D self-care
3 Why couldn’t you _ strategically, just like you planned your education?
5 She maintained wellness and _ healthy habits by proper diet andadequate exercise
6 _ skills involve using speech, gesture, facial expression and bodylanguage to communicate
solving
7 _ skills require quickly identifying the issue and implementing a solution
8 “How are you feeling now?” - " _"
adulthood self-aware Independence reasoning skills
cognitiveresolve conflicts self-discipline concentrate risk taking
Trang 24A Confident and tired B Tense andencouraged
10 I know you are _, but good oral communications are a key business skill
IV Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 He’s always harking back to his and saying how things were betterback then (child)
2 Anger is often caused by or embarrassment, or a mixture of the two.(frustrate)
3 Our perception of things is often influenced by subjective factors, such as (tired)
4 Unemployment rate is and economic recovery is still a long way off.(height)
5 The police warned that it was to run around the neighbourhood tooearly in the morning (safe)
6 Contrary to our and the weather forecast, we had a nice day for theexperiment (expect)
7 The test has scores for verbal skills, mathematical skills, and abstract skills (reason)
8 She provided support at a very distressing time for me (emotion)
9 It is that they are angry and looking for someone to blame.(understand)
10 He’s in my work which recently has fallen below my usual standard.(disappoint)
C GRAMMAR
I Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1 Sue said to me, “I am stressed out these days, so I need to relax.”
She told me
2 Freddy said to Jennifer, “Don’t you know how to ride a bicycle?”
Freddy asked Jennifer _
3 “I can’t concentrate when you read aloud,” said my little sister
My little sister said to me that
4 She asked me, “Do you need to talk to someone about this problem and askthem for help?”
She asked me
5 He said, “We need to come to a decision about what to do next by tomorrow.”
He said that
Trang 256 She said to us, “Henry remains calm and unaffected by the terrible events ofyesterday.”
She told us that _
7 I said to him, “I’ll perhaps take you for a walk this afternoon if you like.”
I told him that
8 My brother asked me, “Why did you keep studying the whole morning withouttaking a break?”
My brother asked me _
9 Jimmy said, “I wish I could go back in time and meet myself as a kid.”
Jimmy said that _
10 He asked me, “Do you know why Kathy wasn’t at the party yesterday night?”
He asked me _
II Rewrite the sentences, using question words before to-infinitives.
1 Can you give me some advice on where I should buy good sport shoes?
III Fill in each blank with a suitable question word or ‘whether’.
1 She asked the official to get the registration form
2 She asked the clerk to ask for medical support in case of emergency
3 Thomas wondered to do to make Chloe feel better
Trang 264 He asked the librarian to find medical books in that huge nursingschool library.
5 Jack didn’t know to call her and apologize for not coming to her party
6 Tim asked the consultant course to take to improve his cognitive skills
7 I asked the trainer he would teach me how to develop healthy habits
IV Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
1 “Have you decided on _ to take the job or not?” The mother asked herson
2 The stranger said to me, “I know _ but I don’t know _ there.”
A how to go - where to get B where should I go - how should Iget
C where to go - how to get D how I should go - where I shouldget
3 The online shop said that they _ me the book I _ the week before
-bought
4 Katherine said, “I think that the way we speak defines _ and _ tobe.”
A who are we - who we want B who we are - who we want
C who are we - who do we D who you are - who do you want
5 She had no idea _ herself without the help of her brother
A how taking care of and supporting B how to take care of and support
C how to take care of and supporting D how taking care of and supports
6 She said she _ me later _ deal with physical changes
A would contact - to advise to me how B will contact - to advise me how to
C would contact - advise me how to D would contact - to advise me howto
7 The candidates asked the recruiter, “ _ more information about jobselection?”
8 He said that he _ his parents’ high expectations which _ himstressed
Trang 27A can’t meet - had made B couldn’tmeet - made
10 She wondered _ so moody while he wondered _ so cheerful
A why he to be - why she to be B why he is - why she is
C why he was - why she was D why was he - why was she
V Choose the word or phrase that needs correction.
1 My father always goes round in circles how he tries to show me how to do myhomework
near the station
6 If you are unsure who contacts, see the table below to find the mostappropriate
Trang 28I Match the sentences.
1 Hurry up! We’re going to be late
2 Why don’t we call Tim and ask him to join our
football match this Sunday?
3 I had such a bad day, I missed two buses this
morning, and I was late for school
4 It’s difficult to win him in this game
5 My parents said they wanted me to get a medical
degree But I don’t like it
6 Where is Susan? Are there only three of us?
7 I’m stressed out because of work
8 Finally I know how to play badminton!
9 I have a big assignment to complete and I don’t
know where to start
10 I failed the exam once again!
a I’m so happy for you! Keep it up!
b Why not? So what do you like?
c If I were you, I would get some rest
d She said she was too tired to join us today
e Stay calm! There’s plenty of time
f You must have been really disappointed!
g I understand how you feel, let’s try hardernext time
h You should begin with the easiest thing orthe topic you like most
i Don’t be discouraged! I know you can doit!
j Oh, I doubt it He’s already fully bookedfor maths and physics classes
II Reorder the sentences to make a conversation.
Why not?
How about your time in the morning and in the afternoon?
Actually, I have a small break for about fifteen minutes before studying afterdinner
1 You look tired and weak! What’s the matter with you?
Try to convince them They’ll understand if you can make a good study plan.Tell them how tired you are now and that you need to exercise in order to behealthy
OK, let me try Thank you for your advice It means a lot to me
My parents want me to study all the time I have lots of lessons at home Istudy with a tutor after dinner every day
You should go out and have more physical activities, at least on Sundays.You will be stressed if you just continue your current lifestyle Try talking toyour parents about that
That’s not good You need to relax after every meal Your stomach may haveproblem if you study or work right after eating
I’m OK Maybe that’s because I don’t have enough time to rest and playsports
I’m fully booked for school all day I have to study on weekends I really want
to change this but I don’t know what to do
Trang 29I think it’s not easy to tell them They always tell me to study harder andharder.
E READING
I Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Stress is not just a problem that adults have to face Young people alsofrequently experience unhealthy levels of stress Schooling is the top sourcewhich causes stress to teenagers
According to data collected by the American Psychological Association for theStress in America Survey, teen stress is the same as, or even worse than that ofadults The results of the survey have shown that teenagers can identify thattheir stress levels are not healthy, and they realize that stress has negativeimpacts on their mental and physical health
Some teenagers can struggle against significant stress levels that interferewith learning, relationships, and other aspects in daily life; while others cannotget over the stress and have to get mental treatment Therefore, it is important
to know the negative effects that stress has on teenagers:
- Emotional changes: Teenagers tend to be easy to get anxious, worried, angry,and depressed Parents should pay attention to their children’s changes inshowing feelings
- Physical changes: Teenagers who are under stress are likely to get sick moreoften and they often have complaints of headaches, stomachaches, otheraches and pain
- Behavioural changes: Teenagers may break their eating or sleeping habits.They seem to either eat enormously or quit meals They suffer seriousinsomnia, which is a severe condition of being unable to sleep They also showavoidance of normal daily activities
- Cognitive changes: Teenagers who have stress notice their decreasedconcentration, forgetfulness, and the appearance of carelessness
1 The text is mainly about stress in
A adults B elderly people C adolescence D infants
2 Most teenagers suffer stress due to their
3 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of stress?
A unable to sleep B suffering several types of aches
C easy to be distracted and forgetful D wanting to meet people
4 The word “treatment” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _
5 Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A Teenagers do not know anything about their stress
B Teenagers suffer less stress than adults do
C Teenagers suffer the same stress level as or even more than adults do
D All teenagers suffering stress have mental treatments
II Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Trang 30Nature has given us a ‘fight or flight’ response The survival of primitive mandepended on this response, which compensated for his limited understanding ofthe world When faced with danger, primitive man, with his muscular (1) and his brain alert, was immediately ready to fight the enemy or escape.Nowadays, the chances of meeting a wild animal are small, but the modern
‘jungle’ is just so dangerous We constantly face a variety of (2) situations for which the ‘fight or flight’ response may not be adequate As thetension rises and cannot be released by fighting or (3) , the body getsinto a state of readiness for nothing It is this kind of tension that is responsiblefor chronic stress In the long term, stress may cause diseases such as skinrashes, insomnia, ulcers, high blood pressure and heart (4)
How can you combat stress?
Eat a (5) diet containing plenty of fruit and vegetables
Sleep at least eight hours a night and go to bed early
Talk about your problems with family or friends
Do not hold stress Use exercise or a sport to release it
These techniques will not solve all your problems, but they will help you tosee them differently, (6) you will find it easier to handle them
5 A balanced-good B good-balanced C balanced-well D balanced
F WRITING
I Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1 Hector/ doesn’t/ should/ know/ really/ the/ say/ what/ graduation speech/ in/ he
2 She/ you/ “Do/ think/ highest/ have/ again/ will/ asked,/ the/ mark/ exam?”/ in/final/ Mai/ the
Trang 317 My friend/I/ my/ parents/ that/ my/ if/ didn’t/ out/ me/ be/ warned/ tell/I/stressed/ problem/ might/ about
3 Melinda got heavily stressed because her tests’ scores were low
The low tests’ scores _
4 Mrs Harper taught her children how to make a living
8 Helene finally managed to get the job although she is a fresh graduate
Helene finally succeeded _
9 Although he made great efforts, he still failed to control his anger
I Underline the bold auxiliary verbs if they are stressed.
1 Liam: Don’t you like to play shuttlecock with us?
Noah: Yes, I do, but there isn’t much break time left.
2 Alice: We hope you won’t leave soon.
Trang 32Ruby: I do want to stay longer, but my mother wants me to go home before
dinner time
3 Mia: I heard that you bought a new smartphone!
Ava: No, I didn’t, but my father did.
4 Adam: Is it true that your father is a lawyer?
Jessica: Not actually, but my mother is.
5 Hazel: Michael doesn’t drink coffee, does he?
Luna: I did see him drink this morning.
6 Sarah: Do you like playing the guitar?
Elena: Yes, I do I do enjoy playing it.
7 Mum: I have told you many times that you aren’t allowed to go out without
asking me
Daughter: I’m sorry, Mum.
8 Oliver: Can you ride a motorbike, Jack?
Jack: No, I can’t, but my brother can.
II Underline the auxiliary verbs if they are stressed.
1 Levi: I hope Susan doesn’t do any harm to my bicycle
Julian: Don’t worry! She does know how to ride
2 Robert: Aren’t you going to meet Johnny?
Natalie: Yes, I am I’m about to go
3 Vivian: I can’t imagine how people lived without electricity in the past
Sophia: Have you ever thought about life without the Internet now?
4 Owen: I have just come back from London
David: Wow! Did you visit Big Ben Tower?
5 Austin: We’ll gather at the post office near your place
Dylan: That does sound good!
6 Anthony: Did you participate in our class’ musical event?
Gabriel: No, I didn’t, but I will join in next sporting competition
7 Roman: Isn’t it the picture of your family’s farm?
Lincoln: Yes, it is We used to live on farming
8 Lan: I haven’t ridden a buffalo-drawn cart, but I have flown a kite several times.Duong: I haven’t done both of them
B VOCABULARY
I Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.
1 The building has a roof which makes it look like a giant mushroom
2 In regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of poisonousinsecticides
street vendors seniority illiterate loudspeakerbare-footed diary practice igloo domed
remote
Trang 333 This is the in which Elizabeth recorded her childhood thoughts andsecrets.
4 In the past, women were more than men, as most of them weren’tallowed to go to school
5 Their structures are skilfully crafted and range widely in design, manybeing equipped with doors to prevent strong winds
6 It’s common in many countries for pupils to repeat a year if theirgrades are low
7 Despite their , those old women were not treated with much respect intheir tribe
8 refer to people with small carts offering a quick snack or little stallsselling different things on the street
9 In the rural area we can always see kids playing football in a soil yard
10 At 6.00 am every day the outside wakes me up with the morningradio programmes
II Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 Her face was lively and bright as she the story from her childhoodmemories
2 Melinda has got into the of turning on the TV as soon as she getshome
3 This town used to be in extreme which is in high contrast to theirwealth these days
4 Every summer, they set off for their farmhouse which is 300kilometres away from the city
5 Unless we do something now, hundreds of plant and animal species will
6 That luxury restaurant is inside the shopping mall, just down the street fromhis
7 During the event, they danced to , eat special foods and explore theflower garden
A festive activities B folk games C entertainment D drum music
8 Now, with changes, a number of traditional jobs, particularly those ofunskilled workers, have became obsolete
A traditional B technological C historical D cultural
9 Most of the farmers in my place used to transport rice to their house on , but now they use trucks
A time-consuming methods B physical strength
Trang 34C bare-footed workers D driven carts
buffalo-10 We’re playing the old songs that I’m sure they will memories for you
III Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 Joe used to be an child, but now he has become more realistic.(imagine)
2 Do the parents in your village use old-fashioned when they areparenting their children? (practical)
3 In any circumstances, you shouldn’t let negative and bad habits ruinyour life (behave)
4 It is fundamental for everyone to maintain a active daily routine.(physical)
5 This small village has its own dress, cuisine, folklore and handicrafts.(tradition)
6 He has a of the city’s photos in the past (collect)
7 This book examines approaches to involving the private sector in urban heritage (preserve)
8 Clearly the poor children there are at significant risk of inadequate nutritionand _ (hungry)
9 There didn’t use to be many forms of in my country in the past.(entertain)
10 The villagers are better educated and more informed now - though isstill widespread among the poor (illiterate)
C GRAMMAR
I Fill in each blank with USED TO or DIDN’T USE TO.
1 Mr Dorothy go fishing, but now he is too busy to do it
2 I play computer games I can’t understand why many people like it
3 Cooper get on with the girl living next door, but now they are bestfriends
4 Victoria have short hair, but now her hair is long and wavy
5 I miss my childhood when we spend a lot of time playing hide andseek
6 I still remember the stories my grandmother tell us when I came tovisit her
7 At some point kids start doing things they do They get moreindependent
8 He lived in France until he was six He speak French, but he’sforgotten a lot of it
9 Those old secretaries write reports on a computer, but now they do
10 My sister eat potato chips when she was younger Now she likesthem a lot
II Complete the sentences using wishes for the present.
Trang 351 I can’t remember her name.
I wish I her name
2 I don’t know the answer to this question
I wish I the answer to this question
3 I can’t go to your birthday party
I wish I to your birthday party
4 They’re pulling down this building next week
I wish they this building next week
5 I don’t have enough money to buy that bike
I wish I enough money to buy that bike
6 The movie tickets are expensive
I wish the tickets cheaper
7 I have a bad headache so I can’t concentrate in class
I wish I a bad headache so I _concentrate in class
8 My aunts and uncles live far away
I wish my aunts and uncles closer
9 They don’t allow me to travel with them without my parents’ permission
I wish they me to travel with them without my parents’permission
10 My mother isn’t here to take me home
I wish she here to take me home
III Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 Before the park was built, the children _ shuttlecock on the pavements
A used to play B were used to play C were use to play D use to play
2 Most teenagers wish their parents _ them more
A understand B understood C to understood D
4 My little brother wishes he _ strong enough to climb up a mountain
5 In our village, doing farming work _ very easy, but now everything _
A used to be - doesn’t change B wasn’t used - doesn’t change
C didn’t use to be - has changed D was used to - changes
6 A lazy student wishes it _ a holiday today, so he doesn’t have to go toschool
Trang 367 I never swam in the river when I visited my uncle’s farm, but my cousins there _ it.
A didn’t use to B used to swam C used to do D used to did
8 _ with dolls when you were a little girl? - Yes, I _ I had a collection
of them
A Did you use to play - did B Do you use to play - do
C Were you used to playing - were D Have you used to play - have
9 The organizer wishes it _, so the school teams _ the outdoorgames
A isn’t raining - can continue B weren’t raining - could continue
C was raining - could continue D doesn’t rain - could continue
10 He _ play any sports, but now he’s a well-known basketball player
A uses to B didn’t used to C used to D never usedto
IV Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correction.
1 My grandparents used to lived in the Central Highlands before they came tothis city
Trang 37- You’re kidding me.
- I wish I could join you
- Really?
- I couldn’t agree more
- You are absolutely right
- Sounds great!
- What an amazement!
- I’ve never felt this happy before
- So appreciative!
- I wish I were at that time in the past
- If only John were here
- I feel very thankful
- No doubt about it
- Are you serious?
- Oh, I can’t imagine that
- If only we could travel back in time
II Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
Sure!
Of course! I can make one for you But you can’t fly a kite in this crowdedneighbourhood We’ll go to the suburbs on the weekend and I’ll teach you tofly it
I agree, Daddy I love the yo-yo Can I play it with my friend next door?
Fly a kite? Do you know how to make a kite too?
Wow Really? I never knew that you could make a yo-yo
1 Thanh, I have a present for you
A wooden yo-yo! How cool! Thank you, Dad! Where did you buy it?
Your grandpa taught me when I was young
You used to play yo-yo when you were a child, didn’t you?
That sounds great! I can imagine that you had an exciting childhood!
Trang 38That’s true It was fun although we didn’t have modern toys as you donowadays Yes, I did I also used to fly a kite then.
In the old times, oral communication was commonly used between people.Knowledge, information, news, and experience were transferred face-to-face Inthe end of the 19th century and the early of the 20th century, telegrams wereused to transmit communication to people from far away
Years ago, people used to travel on foot For long distances, they travelled byriding animals, such as camels, buffaloes, and horses They also used animal-pulled carts They dressed up in simple ways Most of their clothes were made oflinen and leather They went bare-footed or wore shoes made of leather Somemight wear wooden slippers Their eating habits and diets were plain with fresh,healthy and natural food which they got from nature
Storytelling was the most popular kind of entertainment in the past Storieswere mostly folk tales, fairy tales, and fables Children did not have much to playwith They played outdoor games, such as kite-flying, and hide and seek Theirtoys were hand-made
For education, there didn’t use to be computers and the Internet, so studentshad to drown themselves in dozens of books and notebooks Teachers wouldwrite lessons and homework down on chalkboards for students to copy andcomplete Papers were hand-written and submitted to teachers
1 There were aspects of life referred in the passage
2 In the past, the ways people lived were not as the wayswhich we live nowadays
3 Before the 19th century, people used to communicate
4 Telegrams were used to transmit communication to those who
5 Years ago, people used to travel on foot or by
6 In the past, clothes used to be , and made of
7 Footwear was made of , and
8 Outdoor games that children used to play were , and
9 Studentsdidn’tusetohavetechnologicalaids,suchas
10 Students used to copy and complete lessons onchalkboards
II Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way
we live Obviously, it is hard to compare the life of the ancient people with the life
of the people living in modern time because so many changes have occurred
Trang 39Moreover, even the changes that have (1) over the last ten years areamazing.
Years ago, people were not able to travel such long distances in a short period
of time The planes were not (2) to all community because they used to
be an extremely expensive means of transport Nowadays, we have becomemore (3) We have fast and comfortable cars and more and more peopletravel by plane
In the past, work used to be much heavier as people did not have tools andequipment which made their work (4) Today, most of the difficult anddangerous work is done with the help of computers and other machines
The living conditions didn’t use to be as comfortable as they are now Manyhouses lacked bathrooms and running water, besides people could not affordhousehold (5) such as fridges, TV sets, and vacuum cleaners becausethey used to be luxurious things
However, life now is much faster and busier than it used to be in the past.Moreover, it has also become more dangerous The standards of living havedefinitely improved but it should be discussed whether the (6) of ourlives is better
1 A grown up B taken place C gone on D taken effect
2 A affordable B reasonable C economical D expensive
4 A more difficult B harder C more hardly D easier
F WRITING
I Write complete sentences using the correct form of USED TO.
1 Most farmers/ lead/ simple/ peaceful/ life
Trang 403 When did they stop using the loudspeaker in the village?
How long has
4 It’s a seven-hour drive from Ho Chi Minh City to my uncle’s farm
It takes
5 The children couldn’t go swimming because the river was very deep
The river was
6 We couldn’t keep the furniture because it was too old
It was such
7 The people in this city don’t preserve their ancestor’s traditions anymore
The people in this city used
8 Isabella isn’t tall enough to join in a beauty contest
1 Emma: Who is that person Anna is talking to? ( )
Olivia: I don’t know Who is that man?
2 Isabella: Can you tell me where this picture was taken?
Sophia: Ha Long Bay is the ( ) place where this picture was taken
3 Amelia: This is a ( ) trip I’ve been waiting for ( )
Charlotte: It’s not a ( ) trip, but the ( ) trip
4 Ava: Does this paragraph look good?
Mia: You should never use a ( ) comma after ‘nor’ ( )
5 Harper: Hey! Who are you looking at? ( )
Evelyn: Look at ( ) those tourists! They seem to get lost
6 Abigail: Did you ask Mia to ( ) join us?