Jhdp iuat ea ^eanh nghiip 86 6 219-2010 TAC DdNG CUA DANG KY TRUC TUYEN GIAO DICH DAO DAM OCfl V A HOAT DONG CHO VAY CUA NGAN HANG THUDNG MAI Chi cin cd mdt may tinh ndi mang internet,
Trang 1(J)hdp iuat ea ^eanh nghiip 86 6 (219)-2010
TAC DdNG CUA DANG KY TRUC TUYEN GIAO DICH DAO DAM OCfl V A HOAT DONG CHO VAY CUA NGAN HANG THUDNG MAI
Chi cin cd mdt may
tinh ndi mang
internet, nhan vien
ngan hang cd the thUc hien
dang ky, tra cdu thdng tin ve
giao dich bao dam vao mpi
thdi diem va d bat cd dau (tai
van phdng, tru sd khach hang,
quan cafe hoac bat cd ndi dau
tren the gidi) la mpt vien cinh
ly tUdng Vien canh nay sap
trd thanh hien thiic khi Bd Tu
phap dang tich ciic chuan bi
ca ve dieu kien vat chat, giai
phap cdng nghe lan cd sd phap
ly (xay dUng dii thao Nghi
dinh thay the Nghi dinh so'
08/2000/ND-CP va dii thao
Thdng tu ve thd tuc dang ky
triic tuyen), de trien khai cd
che dang ky tnic tuyen giao
dich bao dam bang dpng san
Cd the ndi rang, so vdi cac
cd che hanh chfnh dien td
dUdc dng dung nda vdi theo
each nop ddn qua mang de
"xep gach", cdn giai quyet van
bang hd sd giay, qua nhieu
• DUONG THANH MINH *
khau thu cdng (vf du, thu tuc dang ky kinh doanh), thi cd che dang ky giao dich bao dam dupc cdng nghe hda thd tuc giai quye't, ket ndi triic tuyen
va tUdng tac hai chieu dii lieu
la cd che triic tuyen ddng nghia nhat va dUdng nhien la thd tuc hanh chinh cai each nhat cua Viet Nam hien nay
Sau day, bai viet nay chi xin
de cap de'n tie ddng cda viec trien khai dang ky giao dich bao dam triic tuyen dd'i vdi hdat ddng cho vay cda cac ngan hang thUdng mai va mdt
Sd trad ddi, khuyen nghi
1 Tac dong cua cd che
1 1 Thdi gian Id vdng
Nhan thdc dUdc rang, van ban cung cap thdng tin ve giao dich bao dam la "mdt kenh de tim hieu, tham dinh khach hang va tinh trang phap ly cua tai san", dang ky giao dich bao dam la "mdt cdng cu phap
ly de cdng bd cdng khai, xac lap va bao ve quyen cda chd
nd"i Do dd, ngan hang nen yeu ciu cung cap thdng tin ngay sau khi nhan dUdc yeu ciu vay vdn, phuc vu cho boat ddng tham dinh va tiep tuc yeu ciu cung cap thdng tin trUdc khi ky ket hdp ddng bao dim, du phdng trUdng hdp cd sii bien ddng thdng tin ve giao dich bao dam trong khoang thdi gian td lin cung cap thdng tin trUde, den thdi diem nay, thi cd the biet dUdc de quye't dinh ky ket hdp ddng bao dam va cho vay hay khdng TrUdng hdp hdp ddng bid dim dUdc ky ket, thi nen
thiic hien dang ky ngay de
cdng bd va xac lap cang sdm cang td't quyen chd nd, trinh kha nang cd giao dich khac hoac dang ky giao dich bao dam khac cda ngUdi thd ba dd'i vdi tai san bao dim "xen ngang" dan den nguy cd lam mat quyen Uu tien cda ngan hang
Tuy nhien, trong thiic te do
Trang 2(Pkitfi ladl ea dearth nghiip 86 6 (219)-2010
viec yeu ciu dang ky, yeu ciu
cung cap thdng tin phai thUc
hien bang ddn giay, qua cac
phUdng thdc truyen thdng va
vdi nhieu thd tuc thu cdng,
nen thdi gian thUc hien cdn
dai Cu the, mdt sd'ngan hang
d gin trung tam dang ky va
chpn phUdng thdc den triic
tiep yeu cau va nhan ket qua
dang ky, cung cap thdng tin,
thi cd the rdt ngan dUdc chdt
ft thdi gian nhUng lai phat
sinh them nhan lUc, chi phf,
thdi gian di lai, thdi gian chd
ddi giai quyet, Cdn dd'i vdi
da Sd cac ngan hang do d xa
hdac khdng den triic tiep, phii
gdi ddn yeu ciu qua fax hoac
bUu dien Trong dd, phUdng
thdc fax chi ap dung dd'i vdi
khach hang thUdng xuyen va
kha nang fax hdng, fax ldi ldn,
mat nhieu thdi gian lien he,
hdan thien; cdn neu qua
dUdng bUu dien thi ciing mat
td 3 den 7 ngay chuyen phat,
tiiy vao dich vu thU thdng
thudng, thu bid d i m hay
chuyen phat nhanh Sau khi
nhan dUdc ddn yeu ciu, cd
quan dang ky ciing mat mdt
khdang thdi gian (trdng thdi
ban dang ky, cung cap thdng
tin) de thUc hien nhieu cdng
viec, trdng dd dang ke la nhap
thu cdng dii lieu dang ky hdac
nhap thii cdng dii lieu tra cdu
trfch xuat thdng tm, Cudi cdng, lai mat mpt khoang thdi gian cho qua trinh bUu dien chuyen phat thU bao d i m chda ket qua dang ky, cung cap thdng tin cho ngUdi yeu ciu
Day chfnh la nguyen nhan khien ngan hang thUdng mai cdn ft sd dung "kenh de tim hieu, tham dinh" nay^, bdi tfnh kip thdi cda thdng tin chua dap dng dUdc, dae biet la trdng bdi cinh phai nhanh chdng, ddn gian ve thd tuc trong boat dpng cap vdn cda td ehdc tfn dung (ddng thdi la yeu td canh tranh) Cdn dd'i vdi dang ky giad dich bio dim, neu an dinh la dieu kien
de giai ngan, thi ciing tUdng
tu nhu cac ly dd tren, cd the lam mat cd hdi kinh doanh, tinh canh tranh cua ngan hang, nen nhieu ldc thu tuc nay chUa dUpc chd trpng, phat huy y nghia to ldn cua nd
Qua thUc te tren cho thay, viec dng dung cd che dang ky, cung cap thdng tin triic tuyen
se rut ngan thdi gian cua nhiing thu tuc nay, phat huy tdi da tinh kip thdi, y nghia canh bao, cdng bd' cdng khai, xac lap va bid ve quyen chd
nd cua ngan hang; tad dieu kien cho td ehdc nay nam bat cac cd hdi kmh doanh va bio
ve quyen, Ipi fch cua minh, day chinh la "vang" thed ddng nghia den lan nghia bdng
1.2 Thu tuc bdng cu nhap chuoi, tiet kiem chi phi khong 16
Nhu da neu d tren, so vdi quy trinh dang ky, cung cap thdng tin trUc tuyen, thi quy trinh mang tfnh thu cdng hien nay chUa thUc sU ddn giin, thuan tien va bdc Id nhieu han che hdn nhU: Mat nhieu cdng sdc cua ca ngUdi yeu cau dang
ky va dang ky vien; phat sinh nhieu chi phi hanh chinh cda
ca ngan hang va cd quan dang
ky
Dieu nay the hien qua cac budc cd bin cda quy trinh vdi mmh hpa sau:
- NgUdi yeu ciu dang ky; (i)
Ke khai thdng tm vao ddn va nop ddn yeu cau dang ky (trUc tiep, qua dUdng bUu dien hdac fax); (ii) ndp le phi (triic tiep, qua dUdng bUu dien hoac thu tuc chuyen khdin);
- Cd quan dang ky: (i) Nhan ddn (trUc tiep hdac qua dudng bUu dien) hay in ddn td
he thdng fax (neu gdi ddn qua fax); (li) neu ddn hdp le thi phdto ddn de chiing nhan da dang ky va lUu trii; neu ddn khdng hdp le thi yeu ciu khach hang hdan thien (qua dien thoai, van ban, ) hoac
Trang 3^hiup luql ea Deanh ngltilp 86 6 (219)-2010
td chdi dang ky (cd van bin td
chdi); (iii) dang ky vien nhap
thu cdng nhiing thdng tin ke
khai trong ddn yeu ciu dang
ky vao cd sd dii lieu (trong
thiic te cd nhiing phu luc dai
hang chuc trang vdi hang
nghin loai tai sin phai mat
nhieu ngay mdi nhap xong);
(iv) tra ket qua dang ky hoac
van bin td chdi (trUe tiep hoac
qua dudng bUu dien)
Vdi cd che dang ky trUc
tuyen, ngUdi yeu ciu tU ke
khai tren giao dien dien td va
ehi cin mpt cd nhap chudt,
yeu ciu dang ky, yeu cau cung
cap thdng tin se ngay tdc khac
chuyen den cd quan dang ky,
ddng thdi he thdng se tii ddng
tinh va thu phi, le phf td tai
khoan cua ngUdi yeu ciu Sau
khi thdng tin dUdc xd ly, npi
dung dang ky dUdc chuyen
vao cd sd dii lieu de lUu giii va
cdng khai (neu yeu ciu dang
ky), ndi dung thdng tin se
dUde trfch xuat (neu yeu ciu
cung cap thdng tin) va ket qua
dang ky, van bin cung cap
thdng tin dUdc he thdng
chuyen tra chd ngUdi yeu ciu
Nhu vay, nhieu thao tic thu
cdng, "cd bap"; nhieu chi phf
hanh chfnh (trong dd cd ca
nhan liic) khdng nhd cho viec
hen he qua dien thoai, nhan,
in, sao, luu ddn, gdi - nhan ket
qua (fax, bUu dien, ), chi -nhan phi, le phi, mua sim, bid dUdng, thiet bi, vat tU, chi phi di lai, cua cd quan dang
ky va ngan hang thUdng mai dUdc loai bd
Khdng xet d khia canh hanh chinh nha nUdc, d khia canh tin dung, viec tiet kiem dUdc cac khdin chi phf nay se lam giam ap Iiic chi phi cap tin dung (dd'i vdi ca ngan hang
va ngUdi vay vd'n), dae biet la dd'i vdi cac khoan tin dung nhd hay dd'i vdi dd'i tUdng cin dUdc
hd trd kich ciu nhU hien nay;
gdp phan thdc day kha nang tiep can ngudn vd'n cho ca nhan, doanh nghiep de sin xuat, kinh doanh, diu tU, sinh ldi, keo thed sii tang trUdng tin dung viing chac hdn, dem lai ldi nhuan chd cac ngan hang thUdng mai, day chinh
la vdng quay vd'n ly tUdng va hieu qui cua thi trUdng Xet rdng ra, dd la khdin chi phi khdng id tiet kiem dUdc de tai diu tu phuc vu cho viec phat trien nen kinh te
2 Mot sd trao doi va khuyen nghjS
Theo chdng tdi, trong qua trinh thiet ke, ap dung cd che dang ky triic tuyen, cin lUu y
de giai quyet mpt sd van de cd ban sau:
2.1 Co hay khong sU
tham gia cua ddng ky viin vdo quy trinh?
Hien cd y kien chd rang, npi dung dang ky do ngUdi yeu ciu tii ke khai tren giao dien dien td se tii dpng cap nhat vao cd sd dd lieu, thdng tin se trich xuat theo tieu chi yeu ciu cung cap thdng tin td cd
sd dii lieu ma khdng cin cd sU tham gia cua dang ky vien vac qua trinh nay, theo chdng toi
y kien nay cin xem xet lai vi cac ly do sau:
Tha nhat, thiic te dang ky
trong thdi gian qua cho tha'y
dd sd dung ddn giay hay tren files dien td thi ty le sai sdt khi ke khai ve cac ben (vi du: Ten, sd'nhan than, ), ke khai sai ve tai san, yeu ciu dang ky sai tham quyen, rat Idn Cu the, so' lUdng ddn ma dang ky vien phai hUdng dan (lien he qua dien thdai, cdng van hoac triic tiep) cho ngUdi yeu ciu dang ky de hoan thien chiem den khoang 30 - 40% sd lUdng ddn nhan dUdc, trong dd co trUdng hdp hUdng dan nhieu lin ma van cdn sai sdt Tinh trang nay, do ca nguyen nhan chu quan, nhU mat bang trinh
dp dng dung cdng nghe, kien thdc ve phap luat, ky nang nghiep vu cua ngUdi yeu ciu dang ky, cung cap thdng tin cdn han che, lin nguyen
Trang 4(piiop laal ea Deanh nghiip 86 6 (219)-2010
nhan khach quan, nhU he
thdng phap Iuat ve dang ky
giao dich bao dam cae loai tai
san (gdm ci bat ddng sin va
tau bay, tau bien) phdc tap, cd
che dang ky giad dich bid dim
hien nay cdn mdi me dd'i vdi
ngUdi dan, he thdng cac cd
quan dang ky giad dich bid
dam phan tan, khd phan biet
tham quyen,
Dd'i vdi viec dng dung quy
trinh dang ky triic tuyen,
ngdai nguyen nhan neu tren,
cdn phai tinh de'n thiic te tiep
can cdng nghe mdi, quy trinh
mdi cdn rat la lam dd'i vdi
ngUdi dan va td ehdc tfn dung
Thii hai, viec trien khai
dang ky triic tuyen dUdng
nhien se tdn tai 2 he thdng dii
heu (1 cd trUde khi dng dung
dang ky trUc tuyen va 1 hinh
thanh trong qui trinh dang
ky triic tuyen) Theo chdng
tdi, ha ting ky thuat, giai
phap cdng nghe, dfi heu diu
vao, diu ra giiia 2 he thdng
khac nhau, nen dieu kien ky
thuat khdng the tu ddng ket
nd'i, hen thdng giiia 2 he thdng
dd lieu de phuc vu cho hoat
dpng dang ky (vi du, yeu ciu
sda chda sai sdt triic tuyen dd'i
vdi giao dich bao dim da dang
ky trong he thdng dii heu 1),
phuc vu cho viec truy xuat
thdng tin (vi du, he thdng triic
tuyen khdng the tu ddng lien thdng de truy xuat diy du thdng tin ve mpt giao dich bao dim cd trong he thdng dd lieu cii, ) Can cd vad hieu lUc cua viec dang ky hien nay la 5 nam, vao thdi ban cap vd'n cua cac ngan hang thUdng mai trong thdi gian qua chu yeu la ngan va trung han, thi thiic te nay se tdn tai it nhat trong vdng 5 nam, ke td thdi diem dng dung dang ky true tuyen
Thti ba, dd'i vdi dat nUdc
chdng ta, thi viec khdng theo ddi, kiem duyet thdng tin diu vao de cdng khai la thieu thiic thi va chac chan se gap sU
"phan dng" cua cd quan nha nUdc cd tham quyen hdac
"phien ha" trong qua trinh thiic hien Dae biet la cac thdng tin dUa vao bat ky (do gii mao ngUdi yeu ciu dang
ky, hack tai khoan, tham chi
cd chu y, ) bi ldi dung de phuc vu y dd chinh tri, thdng tin trii vdi dUdng ldi, chfnh sach, truyen thdng van hda cda dan tpc, dao ddc xa hdi,
Nhu vay, ly dd thd nhat cho thay, sU tham gia cda dang ky vien vdi vai trd tU van, hudng dan gdp phin hoan thien thu tuc dang ky, bio ve quyen va ldi ich cda cac ben la cin thiet Dieu nay cdn
cd y nghia "phuc vu" va "dieu
tiet thich dng" de phd hdp vdi nhan thdc cda cac chu the, ciing nhu dieu kien ky thuat -kinh te - xa hpi cua nUdc ta trong giai doan hien nay Cdn dd'i vdi ly dd thd hai va ly dd thd ba, thi sii tham gia cda dang ky vien de ket ndi dii lieu, trfch xuat thdng tin; de thed ddi va kiem duyet thdng tin trUdc khi thdng tin chuyen vad cd sd dii lieu de cdng khai, nham phdng ngda nhiing thdng tin "nhay cim" la khdng the thieu
2.2 Ai CO quyen yeu cau ddng ky bien dgng? i •
Thed chdng tdi, viec chd phep bat ky ben nad hoac bat
ky ngUdi nad cd tai khdin deu
cd the dang ky bien ddng ve giad dich bid dim da dang ky (sda ddi, bd sung, xda dang ky, ), chi phd hdp vdi mdt xa hdi cd nen phap ly hoan thien,
xa hdi phip quyen d mdc cae nhat (mpi van de deu dUdc dUa ra tda in giii quyet vdi mdt thu tuc to tung ddn gian
va hieu liic nhat), cic chd the
cd y thdc va nhan thdc phip ly cad (hieu dUdc cac nguyen tac phap ly cua dang ky thdng bid, thd tu Uu tien va tfnh cinh bao cua thdng tin, ) Cdn d Viet Nam, vdi dieu kien phap ly, to' tung, nen tang kinh te - xa hpi, dae biet
Trang 5^kap Luat ea Deanh nghiip 86 6 (219)-2010
la y thdc va nhan thdc cda ci
ngUdi yeu ciu va ngUdi tiep
nhan thdng tm cdn han che,
thi viec cho phep nhU tren la
chUa hdp ly Ngoai ra, cac
ngan hang vdi vi trf la chu np
cang khdng mudn cho phep
ben bio dim hoac bat ky
ngUdi khac cd kha nang thay
dei npi dung hoac hdy bd hieu
lilc dd'i vdi giao dich bao dam
da dang ky Td dd, chdng tdi
xin de xuat phUdng an nhU
sau: Ngoai yeu ciu dang ky
giao dich bio dim (dang ky
ban diu) cd the do mdt trong
cac ben yeu ciu thiic hien, cac
dang ky bien ddng dd'i vdi
dang ky ban diu (sda ddi, bd
sung, xda dang ky, ), neu
ngUdi yeu cau la ben bao dam
thi phii cd xac nhan cda ben
nhan bio dam Viec xac nhan
dupc thiic hien bang 2 each
sau: (i) Bang tai khoin cua
minh ben nhan bio dim dang
nhap vao he thdng de thiic
hien lenh xac nhan vao ddn dd
ben bid dam ke khai va lUu
vet xac nhan d dd; (ii) Bang
ma sd truy cap (khdng phai la
tai khoin) ma ben bao dam
cung cap, ben nhan bao dim
vao giao dien dang ky chd xac
nhan va dUa chii ky sd (cd
ehdng thiic) cda minh vao dd
de xac nhan
2.3 Tieu chi so nhdn
thdn (viet tdt bdng tieng Anh Id ID) ndo de khong dnh hudng den thong tin?
Trong thu tuc dang ky hien hanh, ca nhan la cdng dan Viet Nam cd the ke khai ve mdt trong nhieu loai ID sau:
So chdng minh nhan dan, chdng minh sy quan, chdng minh quan dpi, giay chdng nhan canh sat nhan dan, giay chdng minh an ninh nhan dan, giay chdng nhan cdng nhan, nhan vien trong lUc lUdng cdng an nhan dan
Chung tdi cho rang, tieu chi
ID diu vao, ddng thdi la tieu chi de tra cdu, truy xuat thdng tin ve ben bid dim nen chi sd dung duy nhat mdt loai dd la chdng mmh nhan dan Dieu nay nham tranh trUdng hdp tra cdu, truy xuat sai thdng
tm, "loan" thdng tm, lam inh hUdng den y nghia, eiing nhu sii tin tUdng dd'i vdi thdng tin dUdc cung cap; tham chf la nhiing khieu nai hoac tranh chap (giiia cac ben hoac giiia ben bi thiet hai vdi cd quan dang ky) lien quan den viec yeu ciu va sd dung thdng tin
2.4 Lien thong giQa quy trinh mdi vdi quy trinh cu
the ndo?
Khi trien khai dang ky triic tuyen se dat ra mpt sd van de nhu, ngUdi yeu ciu mudn
dang ky bien ddng triic tuyen dd'i vdi giao dich bio dam da dang ky bang cac phUdng thdc khac hay ngUdc lai thi giai quyet the nad; he thdng dU lieu phii lien thdng the nao de bao dam tinh lien ket va diy
dd thdng tin dUdc dang ky vdi
cic phUdng thdc khac nhau, Day la nhiing van de ldn cin dupc giii quyet, tranh vUdng mac ve ci phip ly va "vat ly"
khi ap dung dang ky trUc
tuyen •
1 Tham khdo "Vai trb ciia dang
ky giao dich bdo ddm, hap dong cho thue tdi chinh trong viec tdng ciidng hoat dgng cap tin dung ciia to chiic tin dung" tdc gid DUcing Thanh Minh ddng tai Tgp chi Ddn chu vd Phdp lugt thdng 10/2009
2 Theo thong ke tgi Bdo cdo ddnh gid 5 ndm trien khai cong tdc ddng ky giao dich bdo ddm (2002 • 2007) cua Bo TiCphdp: Tii ndm 2002 den thdng 3/2008, cdc trung tam ddng ky chi nhdn dUctc 4.717 dOn yen cdu cung cap thong tin Con so ndy qud nho be so vdi 291.175 giao dich bdo ddm md trung tdm dd ddng ky vd con be hctn nhieu so vdi cdc giao dich bao ddm dii kien xdc lap tren thiic te
3 Mgt so thiic te diidc ddn chiing trong phdn ndy diidc tong hdp tii cdc Bdo cdo tong kei cua cdc trung tdm ddng ky vd tham khdo tgi bg phgn tdc nghiep (ndi chuyen thiic hien yeu cdu ddng ky, cung cap thong tin) cda mot so to chiic tin dung