BUSINESS SCHOOL ---RESEARCH PROPOSAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENTS’ FORMULA MILK PURCHASING DECISION FOR THEIR 2-TO 3-YEAR-OLD KIDS Instructor : PhD... 2 FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENT’S FORMU
Rationale
With the rapid development of society, the formula milk market in Vietnam has mushroomed, driving greater awareness among parents about the role of nutrition in their children’s future This growth reflects rising concern over early nutrition, development, and long-term health, as families seek reliable information on formula quality, ingredients, and proper feeding practices As more households consider infant feeding options, parents increasingly look for guidance to ensure balanced nutrition and optimal growth for their kids.
As we all know, can an enormous health milk provide source of
Powdered milk formula for toddlers offers a wide range of brands, flavors, formats, origins, and price points, making the Vietnamese market highly competitive and dynamic as more domestic and foreign firms enter Among the segments, formula targeted at toddlers aged 2 to 3 years remains the most expensive yet widely consumed Understanding consumer psychology, demand, and behavior—especially among parents—is a key factor for domestic enterprises to grow and boost demand for local products In Vietnam, leading local brands such as Nutifood and Vinamilk produce a broad, continuously innovated product lineup to match changing tastes However, loyalty to foreign brands remains higher than loyalty to local ones This study identifies the factors influencing consumers’ purchasing decisions and assesses the current state of consumption of toddler formula milk for ages 2 to 3 years.
Research objectives
Objectives
+ Identify the factors that have influences on parents’ formula milk purchase decisions for their toddlers.
+ Overview the perspectives of each parent on the formula milk that they are using for their children at the moment.
+ Drawing a reasonable strategic orientation to boost demand of formula milk made by domestic businesses.
Research questions
To achieve the objectives above, this research aims to answer these questions:
+ What are the factors influencing the formula milk brands choices of parents in Hanoi?
+ How do these factors affect the customer's buying decision?
+ How to gain customer attention and increase the demand for domestic products in Hanoi?
Literature review
Review oversea research
3.1.1 The five stages model in consumer behaviors and the four factors that influence it (Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, 2001)
According to Kotler, decision making process is consisted of 5 stages:
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Figure 1: Five stages of consumer buying decision
The five stages model of consumer behaviors is the norms that most consumers have to go through in their process of making decisions for their purchasing It can be described as follows: firstly, customers will recognize the demand they have for a product, after that they will search for the products’ information and alternatives items that are available and suitable with their needs from a wide range of sources In the third stage, customers will compare alternatives and consider which is the best option that they can choose, and the payment will be made In the last stage, the customer will evaluate the usage, whether the product meets their expectation or not, this will decide the option to keep using the product they have previously experienced or choosing another brand.
As explained by Kotler, in the third stage, Evaluation of alternatives, customers’ decision making can be determined by 4 main factors: (1) Cultural factor, (2)Social factor, (3) Psychological factor and (4) Personal factor They can be divided into two categories: cultural and social are the factors that are externally motivated while psychological and personal are more internally motivated.
Figure 2: Four factors influence the buying decision of customers
Using these 4 factors for practical application, we can understand the norms that Vietnamese consumers have in their purchasing habits, they can be listed as follow:
Parents often seek advice from their acquaintances and other family members, both directly and indirectly Advertisements featuring professionals—such as doctors or nutrition specialists—tend to earn greater trust and attract more attention.
Parents often worry about ensuring their children receive the right nutrition for healthy growth Consequently, products fortified with extra ingredients to support brain development and physical growth are frequently chosen by caregivers These fortified foods and supplements emphasize essential vitamins, minerals, and nutrients linked to cognitive function and overall development, helping kids meet daily dietary needs and thrive.
Many Vietnamese consumers still prefer imported goods, citing superior quality and design as the main reasons This view has persisted across generations, even as domestic producers invest in modernizing manufacturing lines and improving product quality.
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Customers select the product that delivers the highest value and truly meets their needs; when a product earns long-term satisfaction, they adopt it over time, creating strong loyalty and more frequent purchases Loyal customers also become valuable advocates, sharing recommendations that attract new buyers The most effective way to reach more customers is to deepen trust with familiar customers, which requires businesses to understand the key factors that influence consumer choices.
3.1.2 Factors Influencing on the Mothers’ Brand Choice in Baby Milk Formula: A Study in Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka (Pavithra.S, 2018)
An 2018 study examined the factors influencing mothers' brand choice for infant formula in the Vavuniya District of Sri Lanka Authored by Pavithra S., the paper identifies key determinants of purchasing behavior, with price and quality highlighted as primary factors shaping brand selection.
(3) features, (4) family and friends’ recommendations, (5) brand image, (6) innovative features, (7) promotion effectiveness, (8) celebrity endorsement, (9) user friendliness, (10) stylish appearance, (11) post-purchase services.
The research model combines qualitative and quantitative methods Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, while quantitative data were gathered via a survey of 50 mothers who purchase milk formula brands in Jaffna market, providing insights into the phenomenon.
Using the Grounded Theory (GT) approach, the study identifies the ten most influential factors shaping parents’ brand choice of baby milk formula products: Nutritional Content, Forms, Cost, Birth Weight, Ingredients, Age, Label, Allergies, Iron Fortified, and Availability.
Sri Lankan parents strive to give their children the best start by selecting the most suitable milk formula An analysis of 10 key factors shows that local mothers are particularly attentive to brand benefits that align with societal needs, while meeting the nutritional requirements of toddlers remains a top priority This combination of brand trust and nutritional adequacy shapes their formula choices.
A key limitation of this study is that it does not examine specific factors in detail, instead offering a general analysis of potential influences In addition, the in-depth interview is based on a single participant, which is insufficient to provide robust evidence for analyzing influencing factors.
To drive growth for formula milk brands, analyze how the impact of security incidents, income levels, regulatory satisfaction, and other factors influence purchasing behavior This understanding enables brands to diversify with additional suitable milk lines and design targeted promotion campaigns that resonate with different consumer segments.
Review Vietnamese research
3.2.1 Nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quyết định chọn mua sữa bột cho trẻ em của người tiêu dùng tại thành phố Đà Nẵng (La Thị Tuyết Nhung, 2016)
Research on factors affecting consumers’ decision in purchasing powdered milk products for children in Danang city (La Thi Tuyet Nhung, 2016)
This study, conducted in Da Nang city by La Thi Tuyet Nhung in 2016, analyzes the factors influencing consumers’ decisions when purchasing powdered milk products for children It aims to describe the current consumption patterns of formula milk for children under six years old in Vietnam and to translate these insights into practical solutions for formula milk trading enterprises By examining key determinants such as price sensitivity, perceived safety and quality, brand trust, marketing influence, and accessibility, the research identifies critical levers for improving market performance and consumer welfare The recommendations target Vietnamese formula milk traders and retailers, calling for clearer product information, stronger quality assurance, strategic distribution to reach families with young children, and policy-aligned approaches to support sustainable growth of the Vietnamese powdered milk market.
Research indicates that several factors shape consumer behavior when purchasing formula milk products Among these, reference groups—such as friends, experts, and family—significantly influence opinions and purchase decisions Product attributes like quality, nutritional ingredients, and brand reputation also steer buyers toward certain formulas Additional considerations, including price, packaging, and perceived value, further impact how consumers choose formula milk.
…); Price (competitive price, affordable,…); Marketing (advertising,promotion); Distribution (availability in stock, easy to find, customer care,…)
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A research sample of 200 participants was collected Data were collected via questionnaires administered through media and internet channels The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0, with descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) applied.
Our study shows that consumer decisions regarding children's formula milk are positively influenced by product and marketing factors, with product quality, nutritional ingredients, and the benefits for children ranking as top considerations Consumers typically gather information from TV and the internet and then actively verify the product's use, origin, and ingredients before buying Price is also a key concern for parents, reinforcing the need to communicate value alongside quality Given these findings, our study aims to delve deeper into product quality A limitation is that the model explains only 65.4% of the variance in purchase decisions, leaving room for other drivers to be explored Recommendations include improving product quality, developing high-class formula milk options, and expanding advertising channels to reach parents across multiple platforms.
3.2.2 Nghiên cứu hành vi tiêu dùng sữa bột cho trẻ em dưới 6 tuổi tại thành phố Cần Thơ (Lê Thị Thu Trang và Trần Nguyễn Toàn Trung, 2014)
Research on formula milk consumption behaviour for children under 6 years old in Can Tho city (Lê Thị Thu Trang và Trần Nguyễn Toàn Trung, 2014)
In 2014, Le Thi Thu Trang and Tran Nguyen Toan Trung conducted a study in Can Tho City to explore formula milk consumption behavior among children under six years old Using a sample of 200 parents with children under six, the research aimed to identify the factors that influence consumers’ decisions when selecting baby formula.
Using descriptive analytics, this study analyzes and integrates primary and secondary data, employing Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to quantify the impact of each scale on the main dependent variable Primary data were collected through interviews with 200 parents in Can Tho city who have children under six years old and use formula milk, using a non-probability convenience sampling approach Secondary data came from the Vietnam Statistical Yearbook (2012), relevant magazines, and the dairy sector website dairyvietnam.vn This mixed-method approach is designed to analyze and interpret changes in consumer behavior, identify the factors that most strongly influence consumer actions, and deliver accurate customer insights and practical solutions for the Vietnamese dairy industry and its enterprises.
Customer awareness of formula milk is high, with most consumers familiar with 4–5 well-known dairy brands such as Dielac Alpha, Dumex Gold, Abbott Grow, Friso Gold, and Enfagrow A+, among others In terms of behavior, five main factors shape how shoppers decide on formula milk: the perceived product use (weight gain, cognitive support, immune system boost); product price and quality; influence from groups (peers and social circles) and its impact on purchase choices; brand and packaging, including trusted names like Abbott, Vinamilk, and Nutifood and eye-catching designs; and marketing efforts Among these, the strongest drivers appear to be the influence of groups and the intended product use, both contributing to positive effects on purchase decisions.
This study’s limitations include a sample of 200 parents living in Can Tho City and the exclusive use of interviews as the data collection method, which may overlook other factors that could influence the findings.
3.2.3 Factors Influencing on Purchasing Formula Milk for Babies: An Empirical Research in Hanoi (Pham Thi Thanh Hong, 2015)
Published on September 4, 2015, the article by Pham Thi Thanh Hong presents an in-depth examination of the factors that influence Hanoi customers when deciding to buy powdered milk for children, analyzing how these factors shape consumer decision-making in Hanoi’s powdered-milk market and offering insights into parental purchasing behavior.
Vietnam’s powdered milk market is highly promising, making it essential to understand the tastes and needs of parents The study identifies four core factors that influence parents’ decisions to purchase powdered milk for their children: cultural factors, social factors, psychological factors, and personal factors By recognizing these dimensions, marketers can tailor product development, messaging, and distribution to align with Vietnamese consumer behavior.
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Data were collected through questionnaires distributed on social networks that serve as platforms for parents to share information about child care and parenting, including lamchame.com, webtretho.com, chamsocbe.com, and nhatkybe.vn In May and June 2015, the study gathered more than 120 responses, of which 97 qualified for analysis, with the data analyzed using SPSS.
According to Pham Thi Thanh Hong, today parents pay greater attention to their children's nutritional needs and healthy growth, understanding that diet impacts height, weight, and body proportions Yet many parents acknowledge that income influences their decision when choosing formula milk Psychological factors also matter: expectations for their children's health, physical development, and brain development significantly shape purchasing choices The findings further show that imported milk is priced higher than domestic options, yet a larger share of parents still opt for imported products, driven by concerns about quality Consequently, all indicators—including quality, origin, brand, and price—substantially affect purchasing decisions.
Due to time constraints, the survey was conducted exclusively in Hanoi, which limits the geographic scope and means the findings may not reflect the full range of customer characteristics In addition, data collection relied solely on email, narrowing the response channels and potentially affecting the completeness and adequacy of the results.
Recommendation: the research should take place with another channel of collecting data to cover more various types of respondents.
We have reviewed 14 studies in total, here is the summary:
1.Individual maternal Making on Infant Feeding Practices (Whitney characteristics
2 Factors affecting mothers’ choice of
1.Self decision breastfeeding vs formula feeding in the lower Umfolozi district war memorial 2 Hospital/provider hospital, KwaZulu-Natal Health SA (Susan, recommendations
3.Full-time work/study Robin, 2010) factors
3 Infant and young child feeding : model
1.Healthy products chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals.( World 2 Product’s features
4 Mother’s Beliefs, Attitudes, and Decision 1.Infant nutritional Making Related to Infant Feeding Choices benefits
5 Formula Feeding and Associated Factors 1.Breast milk insufficiency among a Group of Egyptian Mothers
2 Weak babies (Tawfik, S., Saied, D., Mostafa, O., Salem,
6 Factors influencing high socio-economic 1.Personal factors class mothers’ decision regarding formula-
2.Economic factors feeding practices in the Cape Metropole.
(Sowden, Marwyn & Marais, Debbi & 3.Social factors
4.Facility and environmental factors 5.Hospital and clinic 6.Cultural factors 7.Family dynamics 8.Other influences
7 The Basics: Planning for Formative Research 1.Children’s health/ for Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices nutrition status
3.Perceptions about specific child feeding practices and its possible changes
8 Review of the effectiveness of the controls
1.Doctors/ health visitor on infant formula and follow-on formula advices
2.Nutrients 3.Friend/relative advice 4.Attractive advertisement
9 Research on factors affecting consumers’ 1.Recommendations from decision in purchasing powdered milk others products for children in Danang city (La Thi
3.Price 4.Promotion effectiveness 5.Product distribution
1.Products’ utilization consumption behaviour for children under 6 years old in Can Tho city (Lê Thị Thu
2 Products’ origins Trang và Trần Nguyễn Toàn Trung, 2014)
3.Products’ appearances 4.Products’ quality 5.Products’ price 6.Promotion effectiveness 7.Products’ availability
11 Factors Influencing on the Mothers’ Brand 1.Price
Choice in Baby Milk Formula: A Study in
2 Quality Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka (Pavithra.S,
4.Family and friends’ recommendations 5.Brand image 6.Innovative features 7.Promotion effectiveness 8.Celebrity endorsement 9.User friendliness 10.Stylish appearance
12 Factors Influencing on Purchasing Formula 1 Cultural factor
THEIR 2-TO 3-YEAR-OLD KIDS
Milk for Babies: An Empirical Research in 2 Social factor
Hanoi (Pham Thi Thanh Hong,2015)
13 Survey on the parental exposure to marketing 1.Products Advertisement of formula milk and formula milk related
2 Participation in infant’s products for infants and young children aged promotional activities by up to 36 months (The Family Health Service non- healthcare of Department of Health,2015) organizations
3 Exposure to educational information produced by manufacturers
4 Contact by personnel from formula milk manufacturers or retailers
5.Products’ samples and promotional gifts
14 Factors Affecting Infant Formula Feeding in 1.Mother's Intention
Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Sukoharjo,
2 Perception of Mother’s Central Java (Ayunda Yonik Nuralita,
Behavioral Control Bhisma Murti, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari,
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15 A situational review of infant and young 1.Patterns/trends in IYCF child feeding practices and interventions in in Viet Nam
Viet Nam (Phuong Hong Nguyen, Purnima
2.The barriers and Menon, Mariel Ruel, Nemat Hajeebhoy, facilitators to IYCF 2011) practices
3.Interventions, policies and their effectiveness.
*IYCF: Sub-optimal infant and young child feeding
Theoretical Framework
Parents’ education and employment status
Products’ availability The origins of products
Moderating variables (Age, Gender, Education, Income)
Factors influencing parent’s formula milk purchasing decision for their 2-to 3-year-old kids
Hypothesis H1: Parents’ education and employment status has a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Hypothesis H2: Products’ availability has a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Hypothesis H3: The origins of products have a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Hypothesis H4: Products’ quality has a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Hypothesis H5: Products’ marketing strategies have a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
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Hypothesis H6: Products’ prices have a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Hypothesis H7: Reference group has a positive effect on consumer’s decision in toddlers’ formula milk purchasing.
Ali (2009) found that mothers with higher education are more likely to be employed and to have higher family incomes These economic advantages are associated with different infant feeding practices, with higher-income mothers more likely to choose formula feeding than mothers with lower incomes, illustrating how maternal education, employment status, and household income influence feeding decisions and child health outcomes.
The better the economy of a family, Kumalasari et al, the higher the purchasing power of 2015 the family will be
Higher income is positively associated with a willingness to pay a premium for products of superior quality, as shown by Misra et al (1991) and by Van Ravenswaay and Hoehn (1991); Underhill and colleagues also report a similar link between income and premium pricing for quality goods.
Figueroa, 1996; Angulo et al., 2005; Govindasamy et al., 2005; Posri et al., 2007
I chose formula feeding because I Interviewee’s am working answers (2010
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Breastfeeding mothers who have access to infant formula may find that supplementing breast milk with formula is an ideal alternative when they return to work or when the baby is in someone else's care This approach helps ensure the baby receives proper nutrition while the mother manages work obligations and caregiving arrangements.
It is not advisable to keep on using Suggested by different types of baby formula; authors (2018) therefore sticking to a specific one is advisable
There are a number of different Suggested by brands that are officially authorized authors (2018) and meet the required standards.
Baby formula comes in two forms; ready to use formulas and powders.
The origins of Imported baby formula brands have Suggested by products become more popular than authors (2018) domestic brands
Prices of imported milk are higher Suggested by than domestic one authors (2015)
Foreign players have been very Abbott, 2012 successful in such marketing strategies.
Products’ Positive image towards brand Okazaki et al.
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Beside some factors affecting brain Nordic (2011) growth like genetic factors, outside effects, physical activities, and mental stimulation… diet of the child is considered as one of an important factor
Today, parents are paying closer attention to their children's nutritional needs and healthy growth They understand that diet plays a central role in determining a child's height, weight, and body proportions They seek guidance on nutrition that supports both physical development and overall well-being Many also hope their children grow up to be intelligent and capable, recognizing that good nutrition can influence cognitive potential as well as health.
Products’ It does get pretty expensive And Interviewee’s prices since it's for my children’s health & answers (2018) nutrition, I don't mind the spending
Formula feeding is bad, you do not Interviewee’s always have money to buy it answers (2010)
Vietnamese people have a habit of Pham Thi Thanh buying milk in smaller, local shops Hong (2015) than in supermarkets, where prices are listed on the products
Products’ The respondents reported that Department of marketing electronic media (including health (2015)
23 FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENT’S FORMULA MILK PURCHASING DECISION FOR
THEIR 2-TO 3-YEAR-OLD KIDS strategies channel for encountering promotional messages of formula milk, followed by Internet and Retailer
Abbott’s 2012 brand strategy extends beyond advertising and promotions to sponsor educational programs and to introduce nutrition consultation rooms in pediatric hospitals, where healthcare professionals provide parents with essential nutrition information and practical feeding techniques for their children.
Expanding mass‑media advertising for formula products, as described in Stevens et al (2009), increases mothers' ability to purchase formula This greater purchasing power influences feeding decisions, with more mothers opting to feed their babies formula rather than breastfeeding, thereby contributing to a decline in breastfeeding rates.
Reference One of the things that can give Suggested by group motivation to mother to decide to authors ( 2017) give formula is from role of health worker
With the professional background, Nordic, 2011
24 FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENT’S FORMULA MILK PURCHASING DECISION FOR
THEIR 2-TO 3-YEAR-OLD KIDS besides giving medical advices for parents, doctors or nutritional specialists can also give recommendations about the feeding methods or nutritional needs for children
Pham Thi Thanh collected data in 2015 by distributing questionnaires through Vietnamese online parenting communities, including lamchame.com, webtretho.com, chamsocbe.com, and nhatkybe.vn These social networks provide spaces for parents to share information about childcare and raising their children, making them valuable sources for understanding parenting practices and concerns.
Research Methodology
Research design
Data collection
Secondary data is collected from the following sources:
+ The data from textbooks and the Internet provided the statistics, theories and factors affecting customers’ purchasing decisions in formula milk products.
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+ The data collected from related articles provided the overview of the parents’ perspectives on the milk products that they purchased.
This study employs two primary data collection methods—in-depth interviews and a survey For the in-depth interview component, two mothers of children aged 2 to 3 who include at least one growing-up milk product in their child’s daily meals were selected and interviewed using open-ended questions to gather rich, qualitative insights into feeding practices, routines, and attitudes toward growing-up milk products.
1 What is your full name? Where are you currently working and in what position? How many people are there in your family?
2 How many babies do you have? How old are the baby (s) now? What is the current formula milk product that you are using for your baby? Besides, do you give your baby any other types of milk?
3 Why did you choose to buy this milk brand?
4 What is your priority when buying the formula milk products for your baby?
5 Before deciding to buy milk from the company, did you consult other consumers about the product? If yes, what information sources do you usually refer to?
6 Which factors often make you more concerned, the milk’s price or the nutritional ingredients that the milk contains? What makes you more interested in this factor than the other one?
7 Do you feel satisfied with the current milk brand that you are using for your babies?
8 Have you ever used any other formula milk brand for your babies? If so, can you tell us the outstanding characteristics that the current brand possessed compared to the brand you used in the past?
9 Do you still choose the product line that your first baby consumed to feed your second child? Why?
10 How many times a day do you usually feed your children? Do you follow the instruction manual printed on the package of the product?
11 Do you think this product line is really suitable for your baby's developmental needs and physical condition? Why?
12 Have you ever had any bad experiences with the product that you’re currently using?
13 Is there any aspect that makes you feel unsatisfied when using this formula for your baby? (origin of product, promotion )
14 Is there any other reason for you to choose this product other than the quality that it brings?
15 If the current product has a discount, would you buy more than the usual purchasing amount?
16 If a similar dairy product has a discount / promotion campaign, will you continue buying the current brand or will you choose the promotion products? b) Survey:
+ Sample size: 200 customers According to Tabacknick and Fide (157), in order to achieve the best regression analysis results, the formula n ≥ 8m + 50 ( n: sample size, m: number of independent variables ) must be followed In this research, 7 independent variables are specified by applying the formula, n ≥ 8 x7 + 50 = 106 For this research, 200 is an appropriate size.
- Questionnaire design: consist of 2 main parts: Consumer profile and question A five-point Likert scale that possessed the range from Strongly disagree (=1) to Strongly agree (=5) was used as the measurement of attributions of the research model.
Data collection was conducted by distributing survey questionnaires to parents in Hanoi who purchased formula milk products for their 2- to 3-year-old children, with responses gathered over a one-month period beginning in October 2020 This approach targeted Hanoi households to understand consumer behavior and preferences surrounding toddler formula products.
Data analysis
+Primary data (after being collected from the survey) was processed by SPSS software.
To identify the major factors influencing parents’ purchasing decisions, the analysis uses mean, frequency, and percentage Each factor is measured on a five-point Likert scale (1 to 5), where mean scores from 1 to 3.7 indicate little or no influence on parental buying behavior, and means above 3.7 indicate an influential effect Mid-range factors are then subjected to ANOVA in the final stage to test for statistically significant differences.
+Analysis method: Factor EFA, Regression, Cronbach’s Alpha, ANOVA for moderate variables.
Scope of study
The thesis concentrated on the major factors that influenced the Formula milk purchasing decision of parents in Hanoi
The survey is conducted in Hanoi
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Secondary data was collected from October 2020 to November 2020.
Primary data was collected starting from 10/10/2020.
Title: The main factors that determined the parents’ choice while choosing the formula milk brands for their toddlers
Abbreviations List of tables List of figures Table of contents
1.1 Rationale 1.2 Research objectives 1.3 Research questions
Chapter 2: Theoretical background on formula milk purchase decision and theoretical framework of the study
2.1 Definitions 2.2 Theories of customer purchasing decision
2.3 Previous theories mostly used to analyze customer purchasing decision
2.4 Theoretical framework of the study and hypotheses
3.1 Research process 3.2 Data collection 3.3 Data analysis
The importance of the factors is arranged as follow:
1 The origins of the products
4 Parents’ education and employment status
6 Marketing strategies of the products
Domestic powdered milk brands should build multi-channel advertising strategies that promote their products and imagery across TV and beyond—on social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, as well as magazines—emphasizing branding and the development direction of each toddler milk product They should concurrently provide consumers with essential information about the products, including origin and nutritional ingredients, ensuring transparency and trust The advertising content should go beyond basic facts by investing in high-quality visuals and sound design that captivates viewers while avoiding discomfort or negative reactions A cohesive approach that combines product storytelling, origin, nutrition details, and persuasive visuals can strengthen brand equity and support sustainable growth in the toddler milk segment.
Businesses should implement a comprehensive training program to equip consultants with the knowledge and skills to advise and support customers They should also develop a scalable distribution and sales framework to expand reach, boost product awareness, and bring the product closer to consumers.
During discount and incentive campaigns, domestic toddler formula brands should foreground quality and ethics, ensuring every product in promotion meets safety standards and accurate labeling The items featured must have a long shelf life and be handled under proper storage conditions to preserve quality Promotions should be transparent and compliant with applicable regulations, avoiding misleading claims that could misrepresent the product By prioritizing product integrity, ethical marketing, and reliable shelf life, brands build consumer trust and achieve sustainable promotional success.
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THEIR 2-TO 3-YEAR-OLD KIDS quality as all normal product lines instead of the defective lot, not guarantee the design standard or composition.
+ Businesses need to consider developing high quality products to meet the increasingly demanding needs of customers, but still have to ensure price competitiveness.
Powdered milk companies should bolster consumer confidence by investing in ongoing research, leveraging international scientific advances, and employing truly knowledgeable experts to guide the product development process, with the aim of delivering the highest-quality powdered milk products possible.