Hỏi và đáp: về 30 năm chiến tranh giải phóng ở Việt Nam (1945 – 1975) - Phần 2

Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1, phần 2 cuốn Hỏi và đáp: về 30 năm chiến tranh giải phóng ở Việt Nam (1945 – 1975) bao gồm những câu hỏi - đáp về cuộc kháng chiến chống Đế quốc Mỹ xâm lược. Nội dung các câu hỏi đáp được sắp xếp theo thứ tự thời gian diễn biến lịch sử, nhằm làm cho các sự kiện sinh động, ngắn gọn và dễ nhớ. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

Cau hoi 92: K h i may bay dich gay n h i e u nang hoac dunj>

chien thuat bay rat thap giiia cac h e m niii, trie,i

song de tiep can muc tieu danh pha, bo doi phorijj;

k h o n g da l a m the nao de kh3c phuc nhutng thii

doan nay?

Trim-

K h i ra-da b i n h i i u nang bcii cac loai may phat nhieu

g4n t r e n may bay, va k h i may bay dich bay r a t thap de tin

hieu l l n vao song dia vat, bo doi phong khong lap cac tram

quan sat tnJc tiep baiig mat thiidng, t a i cac diem xung yeu

giQa cac dufdng bay cd ban cua dich Quan chung Phong

khong da to chiic 12 t r a m , 48 vong quan sat b l n g mdt

thiidng T a i moi t r a m c6 t r a n g b i cac k h i t a i quang hoc de

n h a n dang so liidng va kieu loai ke dich, va he thong

thong t i n v6 tuyen de thong bao len quan chung Cac

thong bao diidc chuyen tiep Hen tuc dan tvf phia ngoai bien

gidi vao phia sau trong noi dia, tvf xa den gan Nhd cac

vong quan sat nay, nhieu t r a n chien dau cua ta da k i p thdi

phat hien n h i i n g top B.52 va F l l l - A bay thap Mang

quan sat nay difdc goi la Mang BB (BB: bo binh)

Cau hoi 93: T r o n g lich s U khong quan tiem kich cua ta, tran

danh nao la tran hiep dong chien dau c6 h i e u suat

cao nhat?

Trildi:

Ngay 27 t h a n g 6 n a m 1972, t i f sang sdm khong qua"

M y cho nhieu top may bay t i e m kich F-4 t i i T h a i L a n vao

228

lihong che cac san bay Noi Bai, Gia L a m va Yen Bai

Trong luc do, nhutng top t i e m kich khac quan dao t r e n

vung t r d i P h u Tho, Nghia Lo de phong chong may bay

]y[iG cua ta Ngay sau do, doi h i n h may bay ctfdng k i c h cua

chung danh pha cac k h u viic K i m L i e n , Sd chi huy Phong jjhong - Khong quan d Bach M a i , k h u san bay Bach M a i , khu tap the Trifdng D i n h , ben pha Chem

Bo Tut lenh Quan chung Khong quan quyet d i n h to chile chan danh dich ci v u n g trdi phia tay b^c

Luc 8 gid 42 p h u t , bien doi h a i chiec M i G - 2 1 trvfc chien

ci san bay Noi B a i diidc lenh cat canh H a i a n h B u i Dijfc

Nhu - H a V i n h T h a n h , difdc sci c h i huy dSn bay ci do cao

500m de t r a n h nhufng top t i e m k i c h dich dang khong che tren vung t r d i T a m Dao

i t p h u t sau bien doi dvfdc thong bao dich da bay qua khu vttc V a n Yen, h a i anh difdc lenh vong ve phia Moc

j Chau roi tiep tuc vong l a i , chan danh dich ci v u n g t r d i Hoa 'Binh

Cling mot luc, h a i anh N h u va T h a n h deu phat hien top dich dau tien, h a i may bay ta t h a t h u n g dau p h u , t a n g

lUc sdp lao vao cong kich D u n g luc do Sd c h i huy T r u n g

<Joan lenh bien doi thoat ly, vong l a i de don danh top sau

Top dich bay trifdc v i n chiia phat hien c6 may bay M i G

Xuat hien Top bay sau dong hdn top trvfdc

Phi cong N h u nhac p h i cong T h a n h canh gidi phia sau, '^oi anh ep vao bam chiec F-4 bay ngoai cung doi h i n h dich

^cii n h i i n g dong tac n h a n h nhen diit khoat, p h i cong N h u

229

n h a n h chong dUa ten dich vao diem ngim, r o i lap t\ic hixi

ngay Qua ten liia txi may bay anh da phong t r u n g muc

tieu Chiec F-4 bung chay, h a i chiec du bung ra

Phat hien b i may bay M i G t a n cong, nhQng top may

bay dich khong con giiS difdc doi h i n h , dong thdi nhQng top

F-4 t i e m kich vong quay l a i Song bien doi ta dUdc lenh

thoat ly, ve san bay Noi B a i ha canh an toan

H a i chiec M i G - 2 1 vvfa t h ^ n g t r a n trci ve, lap tiic dudc

bo p h a n t h d may k i e m t r a , nap dau, nap ten Itfa Bien doi

h a i anh Nguyen Dxic Soat - Ngo Duy T h i i dvfdc lenh tiep

t h u may bay, tiep tuc l a m n h i e m vu trvtc chien

Sau k h i chiec F-4 b i p h i cong B u i Diic N h u bin r d i , hai

chiec du bung ra, dich lien tuc cho nhieu top may bay den

quan dao k h u vtfc Yen Chau, Moc Chau, Suoi Riit Phan

doan dich dang t i m ciiu bon p h i cong v\ia nhay d u Bo T u

lenh quyet d i n h to chvtc cho ca h a i t r u n g doan M i G - 2 1

cung len danh

Liic 11 gid 53 p h u t , bien doi h a i may bay M i G - 2 1 do cac

a n h Nguyen Dijfc Soat - Ngo D u y T h i i difdc lenh cat canh d

san bay N o i Bai va dUdc d i n diidng theo hiidng tay, roi

vong t r a i ve k h u viic Hoa B i n h - V a n Yen Khoang 5 phut

sau, bien doi diidc Sd chi h u y thong bao: chii y canh gicii

ben t r a i c6 may bay dich, chiing bay t h a n h h a i tang H a i

chiec M i G diidc lenh tang Ivfc va len do cao 4.500m

Qua k h u vtfc Hoa B i n h , bien doi phat hien mot top 2

chiec F-4 dang bay phia ben phai, cii l i 15km P h i cong

Soat x i n phep cong kich, r o i ho anh T h i i ciing t a n g

W"^-jj^m theo vao danh top nay Luc nay mot bien doi khac ciia

ta cung dang boat dong d k h u viic Sdn L a - N g h i a Lo

Cac anh Soat va Thxi da n h a n h chong bam sat dich

f l a i chiec F-4 ciing da phat hien c6 may bay M i G dang bam, chiing lien doi hiidng bay Bien doi v ^ n quyet t a m

bam sat Khoang each t h u n g l n dan Top F-4 xao quyet,

yiia l a m dong tac thoat k h o i sU bam duoi, viXa bay ve

hifdng tay, n h a m keo bien doi M i G dang duoi theo t d i gan

k h u vUc dpi h i n h Idn cua chiing dang hoat dong

Vifdt qua bien gidi Viet - Lao, sci chi huy t r u n g doan r a

lenh cho bien doi thoat l y trd ve, song anh T h i i bao cao

"con mot chut niJa la bin diidc", r o i anh Soat x i n phep tiep

tuc cong kich, dong thdi ho p h i cong T h u t a n g toe do de vong don dau top dich H a i chiec F-4 ciing dot ngot vong,

bay trcl l a i Phan doan bon dich muo'n keo bien doi vao

trong vong vay cua nhutng top dich khac, anh Soat cat ban

k i n h , duoi den gan va chdp t h d i cd phong mot qua ten Ixia

vao chiec F-4 bay ben phai Ten dich chifa k i p l a m dong

tac t r a n h , qua ten liia da no t r u m len may bay Chiec F-4 bung chay, r d i xuong k h u viic Moc Chau

Ciing luc do, Ngo D u y Thif ciing da bam chat difdc

chiec F-4 k i a Qua ten lufa tijf may bay T h i i phong r a da no

t r i i n g dich Chiec F-4 r d i t a i ch6

Sau i t p h i i t bam duoi, bien doi M i G - 2 1 ciia N g u y i n

Diic Soat - Ngo D u y T h i i da bin r d i 2 chiec F-4 cua dich

Cac anh Soat va T h i l theo lenh Sd chi huy, ve san bay Noi Bai ha canh an toan

Ngay sau khi bien doi cac a n h Nguyin Dtfc Soat - Ngo

Duy Thii cat c a n h diidc it phut, Trung doan 921 cung cho

bien doi Pham Phii Thai - Bui Thanh Liem dang trUc a

san bay Yen Bai cat canh, danh vao doi hinh tim cijfu phi

cong cvia dich d phia |slghia Lo, Yen Chau Chi bang 2 qua

ten lijfa, Pham Phu Thai, Bui Thanh Liem da gan nhu

Cling mot liic b i n rdi hai chiec F-4 cua dich Y do tim cuu

phi cong cua dich hi pha vd hoan toan

Day la mot tran danh hiep dong tuyet dep cua hai

trung doan tiem kich MiG-21 Trong vong 5 gid, 6 may bay

MiG-21 xuat kich bin ha 5 may bay F-4, cac may bay ta

trci ve an toan

Cau hoi 94: K h o n g quan n h a n dan V i f t N a m tiTng cai tien

may bay tiem kich M i G - 1 7 thanh may bay cif6ng

k i c h , mang bom tap kich tau chien dich Hay cho

biet ve chien cong nay?

Trilai:

Phiidng an diing may bay tiem kich mang bom danh

tau chien dich tren bien da tiing dUdc khong quan ta

chuan hi ttf cuoi nam 1971 Mot so phi cong MiG-17 diioc

tuyen chon huan luyen bay bien va nem bom muc tieu

tren bien DUdc sit giiip dd cua phi cong c6 kinh nghiem dt)

Quan doi Cu-ba ck sang, tdi thang 3 nam 1972, sau trong

so 10 phi cong tham gia huan luyen da thuan thuc dong

tac bay thap tren bien va thanh thao ky thuat liic vao cong

kich dich

232

San bay Khe Gat do cong binh hi mat thi cong, da gap rut hoan thanh va dam bao yeu cau cho may bay ta cat, ha canh Day la mot san bay da chien, c h i c6 mot doan difdng bang bang dat nen va mot khu vUc cat giau may bay Cac

(jai bo trd - quan sat, Sci chi huy tam thdi ditdc trien khai tren niii Trong suot thdi gian thi cong cho tdi khi hoan thanh, san bay Khe Gat gifl ditdc bi mat, dich khong the phat hien dUdc. Cac trang thiet bi, phitdng tien bao dam cho may bay boat dong ditdc bi mat tap ket d khu vUc xung quanh san bay

Mot so' phi cong sau k h i huan luyen khoa muc mdi xong, vao san bay Khe Gat t ^ ngay 10 thang 4 nam 1972, cung cac can bo Sd chi huy da chien cac cap, tap trung nghien cilu quy luat boat dong cua may bay, tau chien dich, chuan bi cho viec diia may bay vao trifc chien d san bay Khe Gat

Sau mot tu^n quan sat theo doi, nghien ciiu quy luat boat dong cua dich, cac can bo, phi cong di chuan bi chien tritdng bao cao ve Bo tit lenh thdi diem thuan Idi nhat cho may bay bi mat cd dong vao san bay Khe Gat Ditdc Bo tit lenh trite tiep chi dao, vao luc 15 gid 45 phut, bo doi khong quan to chitc cho phi cong Le Hong Diep va phi cong Tit lai hai chiec MiG-17 vao Quan khu 4 Bien doi cat canh tif Kep, bay ve san bay Gia Lam roi bay tiep vao san bay Vinh T6i day de dam bao bi mat, sci chi huy dieu hanh tijfng chiec may bay mot, bay tit Vinh vao san bay Khe Gat Ca hai chiec MiG-17 da ha canh an toan xuong san bay Khe Gat va ditdc cac nhan vien ky thuat kiem tra lai

233

chuan b i day d u cac m a t bao d a m cho may bay trtfc chie'n

roi diia vao v i t r i an toan, sSn sang ddi lenh

TO 9 gid 30 phiit ngay 19 t h a n g 4 n a m 1972, cac tram

ra-da quan sat da phat h i e n cac top t a u dich vao, nhung

chung con ci xa ngoai'khdi Cac Sd c h i b u y ca khong quan

va h a i quan, cac dai bd t r d , t r a m quan sat h e n tuc theo

doi, b a m sat cac boat dong cua dich T6i 15 gid, mot top

bon chiec t a u dich da vao den dong L y Hoa 15km, mot top

ba chiec d dong - n a m L y Hoa 18km, dac biet, mot top hai

chiec da t d i dong Quang T r a c h 7 k m Luc 16 gid, mot toj)

t a u dich vao t 6 i dong N h a t Le 16km N h a n d i n h day la

thdi cd t h u a n Idi, luc 16 gid 5 p h u t , Sci c h i b u y lenh cho

bien dpi triic chien cat canh

H a i chiec MiG-17 diidc d&n bay chech ve ben t r a i Diem

cao 280, each bd bien 10km r o i vong phai, lien lac trUc tiep

v6i Sd chi h u y Dong H 6 i Difdc thong bao v i t r i dich va

cong k i c h top t a u do, sau k h i viidt qua ciia L y Hoa, h a i phi

cong giiJ dp cao bay on d i n h 500m t r e n m a t bien, tpc do

800km/gid va tap t r u n g quan sat t i m muc tieu Cach

khpang 10 den 12km, bien dpi n h i n thay h a i vet sang

t r a n g t r e n mat midc xanh, quan sat k y thay do la h a i chiec

t a u dang chay P h i cong bay so' 1 thong bao cho Sd c h i huy

da phat hien muc tieu

DiJdc lenh cong kich, so 1 tiep tuc giU on d i n h dp cao

toe dp bay htf6ng ve phia t a u dich Con each muc tieu

750m, Le X u a n D i chinh l a i dildng ng^m r o i c l t bom Hai

qua bom loai 250kg tii may bay r d i xuohg Sau k h i cham

inat nifdc, ca h a i qua bom bat len lao th&ng vao va no ngay gat t h a n t a u dich Vong may bay ve, Le X u a n D i con n h i n cot nii6c vpt cao

Gian each dpi h i n h h d i xa, luc diidc lenh vong l a i , 6ng n h i n thay Bien dpi triidng, p h i cong bay so 2 tiep tuc vong r a phia bien T 6 i k h i bay qua Ciia D i n h , phat hien h a i t a u dich phia difdi, Nguyen V a n Bay lap tijfc vong ngay l a i cong k i c h luon Cach muc tieu 750m, a n h bao cao

ve sci c h i h u y va c^t bom Ciing dung vao luc c^t bom m d i nghe thay p h i cong bay so' 1 hoi, p h i cong bay so' 2 t r a Idi thay cot nii6c vpt len canh t h a n t a u Bien dpi difdc dhn ve

ha canh xuohg san bay K h e Gat luc 16 gid 22 phut Sau 17 phut chien dau, bien dpi da trci ve a n toan Theo k e t qua quan sat va sU t h u n h a n cua dich, ca boh qua bom deu triing muc tieu H a i t a u k h u true dich b i danh hong, t r o n g

do mot t a u b i hong nang

Cau hoi 95: Trong hai cuoc chien tranh cho'ng pha hoai b3ng

khong quan cua My vao mien Bac, tran danh mau mUc, dien hinh, c6 hieu qua cao nhat cua bo doi cao xa la tran danh nao?

Tri lai:

Dp l a t r a n danh t a i cau Dap Cau, t h i xa Bac N i n h , di§n r a ngay 17 t h a n g 10 n a m 1967 H o i 10 gid, T i e u (loan 18 ( T r u n g doan 216, Sif doan 365) dang h u a n l u y e n

thi nhan dxiOc thong bao ciia sif doan: tie 10 gid den 1]

gid, dich CO kha nang danh phia b a c DUdng 1 Lap tuc

Tieu doan trUdng cho ngiing huan luyen, lenh cac don V ]

kiem tra lai vu khi, k h i tai, sau 10 phut cac ddn vi da d tu

the san sang chien dau Liic nay hoa lilc cua Tieu doan

18 gom CO 5 Dai doi phao 37 ly (20 khau), mot trung d o i

sung may 14,5 ly gom 2 khau, nhiem vu diidc giao la b a o

ve cau Dap Cau

Liic 10 gid 36 phut, tren bang tieu do 9x9 cua S6 c h i

huy tieu doan xuat hien nhijtng top muc tieu ci hiidng tay

-bic va dong - nam, c\i ly tii 60 den 80km Can cii v a c

dildng bay cua cac top muc tieu, tieu doan triidng ra lenh:

"Tieu doan ve cap 1"

Luc 10 gid 40 p h u t , kinh chi h u y TZK cua t i e u doan

hit difdc muc t i e u hu6ng 34, ctf ly 35km, doi hinh mat t a p

dang bay t h e o t r u e Difdng 18 Top dau 4 c h i e c F.4-C b a y

c h e c h ve hiidng so' 3-32 Nhan xong bao cao t i i t r i n h s a t ,

hoac chan kich khong quan ta ci Kep, con top F.105-D l a

top cxibng kich, kha nang danh cau Dap Cau Nhan dinh

nay diidc thong bao xuohg cac ddn vi Vijfa diit thong b a o

thi cac d d n vi ciing don dap bao cao bat diidc muc t i e u c a

top F.4-C v a top F.105-D d c\i l y 15km

Tieu doan trifcing r a lenh: Tieu doan tap trung diet top 2

(top F.105-D), trinh s a t theo doi chat top 1 (top F.4-C)

2 3 6

,,j[hau doi 14,5 ly chii y phat hien va danh may bay bay thap t i i hiidng thxidng nguon song Cau

Den cvL ly 10km, dich chuyen tii doi hinh 4 chiec "ban

tay xoe" thanh doi hinh so le doi, Ian lifdt lUdn vong ve hiJcing 32 (tay - nam), lay nha thd Bac Ninh lam diem

chuan, Ian liidt bo nhao danh cau Dung nhii d^i doan,

Tieu doan triidng ra lenh: "Danh bd nhao theo phifdng an

2!" Lenh vijfa dijft, top 2 vao chiem dinh bd nhao, trie thu

do xa cua cac dai doi lien tuc doc CTJ ly Yiia den c\i ly hieu qua, cac dai doi triidng ha lenh "BSn!" Dan tii cac dai dpi

10, 34, 36 lao thang vao chiec may bay thil nhat, roi chiec

thil ba Cac dai doi 8, 9 bin vao chiec thii hai, ihii t i i theo

dung phiidng an, moi chiec mot diem xa May bay dich Ian Iifdt trung dan va bdc chay, ca top 4 chiec F.105-D di dau

bi diet gon

Mac du thay top di dau bi diet gon, top F.105-D di sau

van tiep tuc bd nhao theo diidng bay cua top triidc, hoa \\ic

cua ca 5 dai doi van tiep tuc ban chan diidng bay bd nhao cua dich Them 1 chiec F.105-D cua top thiif ba bi trung dan Doi hinh ciia dich bi roi loan, nem bom biia bai roi

thao chay Trong luc cac tran dia phao 37 ly bin manh liet

thi tran dia siing may 14,5 ly ciing ban lien tuc ci giai doan cuoi cua diidng bay bd nhao Tran danh dien ra mau le va ket thuc luc 10 gid 43 phut Tong so dan tieu thu gom 5.441 vien 37 ly, 7.318 vien 14,5 ly

Ket thuc tran danh, Tieu doan 18 phao cao xa da b i n

^cii 5 chiec F.105-D, trong do c6 4 chiec rdi tai cho Cau E^ap Cau diidc bao ve an toan, cac ddn vi cung an toan

2 3 7

V6i nhQng t h a n h tich chien dau xuat s^c, Tieu doan 1 a

difdc t a n g H u a n chiidng Quan cong hang Ba, ca 5 dai doi

deu difdc t a n g H u a n chiidng Chien cong hang Ba

Cau hoi 96: Trong cuo<5'chien tranh pha hoai mien B3c, phao

b i n h M y iii can cii Doc M i e u 0 bd nam song Ben

H a i thuotng xuyen b3n sang bd bac nh5m pha hoai

cuoc song cua nhan dan d V i n h L i n h , Q u a n g Binh

C h o biet ve mot tran phao kich giang tra ke dich

cua phao b i n h ta?

Tra Id J:

Can cd Doc M i e u n^m ci phia dong quoc 16 l A , thuoc

dia phan t h o n Gia Phong, huyen Gio L i n h , Quang T r i

Day la c\l diem quan t r o n g thuoc "Hang rao dien t\i Mac

Na-ma-ra", la "con m M t h a n " , vong gac t i e n t i e u quan sat

moi hoat dong cua ta ben bd hie V i t u y e n 17 T a i Doc

M i e u CO can c\i phao b i n h 16n, chiing thUdng xuyen na

phao sang bd hkc, dac biet chi trong vong mot thang, t u

ngay 22 t h a n g 2 den 20 t h a n g 3 n a m 1967, chung da hdn

200 Ian na dan phao cac cd vao 38 t h o n x6m cua 12 xa

thuoc huyen V i n h L i n h , t a n sat nhieu thUdng dan v6 toi

pha hoai nhieu nha ciia, hoa mau

Bo Tif lenh Phao b i n h va Quan k h u 4 diidc giao nhiem

vu dac biet nay, trtfdc k h i r a quan Bac H d can dan: "Cac

chu dai dien cho phao b i n h m i e n Bic xa hoi chu nghla

danh t r a h a n h dong leo t h a n g cua phao b i n h dich d bo

nam V i vay t r a n dau cac chu phai danh thSng" Phan doi

iQA diidc giao n h i e m v u dac biet nay, liJc liidng gom h a i

t i l u doan phao 100 ly nong dai, 20 k h a u hln phao 105 ly

p a i quan sat phao binh dudc dat each muc tieu khoang 1.800m den 3.000m, mot to t r i n h sat luon sau vao sat can

c\i Doc M i e u , mot to t r i n h sat khac dat tren cot cd hie cau

Hien Ludng

LiJc lUdng phoi thuoc t r a n danh con c6 mot D a i dpi coi

82 ly cua K h u doi V i n h L i n h ap sat can cii Doc M i e u de khi can t h i danh ho t r d ; mot to 16 chien si dan quan xa

Vinh Sdn to chijtc t h a n h 4 t r a n dia gia sii dung 140 qua boc pha de giat no k h i phao hkn tao t r a n dia nghi b i n h N h a n

dan xom Bau, xa V i n h T h u y mang ca van g6, tre xoan cua

gia d i n h r a lat difdng chohg lay cho xe keo phao chiem iTnh

tran dia Ban chu nhiem Hdp tac xa Thuy Ba cii ngifdi mang t r a u den giup D a i dpi 1, D a i dpi 7 keo phao qua doan diidng hep Trong liic qua pha Sa L u n g , mot k h a u

phao b i rdi xuohg song, Ty giao thong V i n h L i n h dieu ngay

xe hue den keo len, viia liic ciiu diidc phao l e n t h i b i may bay dich nem bom tpa dp, l a i xe hy sinh

D i i n g 18 gid 18 p h u t ngay 20 t h a n g 3 n a m 1967, toan tran dia dong loat no siing, hdn 300 qua phao t r u t xuong dau dich Cung liic cac t r a n dia gia cung no bpc pha Can Doc M i e u chim trong bien l ^ a , cac kho xang, kho dan

Phat no boc chay dijt dpi Trong k h i phao ta dang na dan,

coi 82 ly cung ban ho t r d de cac phan dpi dac cong, bp b i n h

^1 mat mang phao phan lue A12 vUdt song Ben H a i , tap

kich kho h a u can Dong Ha, va ngay sau do r u t ve bd hhv

an toan trxidc k h i t r d i sang

Ket qua t r a n danh, hdn 1.000 l i n h , p h a n Idn la linh

t h u y danh bo M y bi tieu diet, r a t n h i e u v u k h i , phuong

tien chien t r a n h cua dich b i pha huy: 17 k h a u phao cac cd

175 ly, 155 ly, 105 ly, 5 may bay triic t h a n g , 60 xe quan

s\i, h a i kho dan sung, mot kho xang N h a n difdc t i n chien

thang, Bac Ho da g^ii thxi khen ngdi liic liidng phao binh

Cau hoi 97: T r o n g cac tran danh chong lai chien dich rong

bien cua dich, hay ke ve tran d a n h dau tien cua

phao b i n h Q u a n g B i n h ?

Traldi:

Sau Tet D i n h M u i n a m 1967, h a i quan M y mci chien

dich rong bien, hdn 50 chiec t a u chien boat dong suot ngay

dem ngoai k h d i bd bien Quang B i n h , V i n h L i n h Cac cua

song va ben cang song Gianh, N h a t Le deu b i phong tea

bcfi t h u y loi, bom tijf trifdng Cac loai phao 16n 127 ly, 203 ly

tiif t a u chien bSn suot ngay dem vao k h u dan cif, true Quoc

16 l A , Diidng 15 vao chien trUdng, gay r a t n h i e u thiet hai

kho k h a n cho cuoc song va chien dau cua ta

Triidc t i n h h i n h do, quan va dan Quang B i n h quyet

tam danh t r a mot t r a n quy mo Idn T i n h doi chon thon

Tan D i n h , xa Gia N i n h (Quang Binh) la ndi xay diing tran

dia phao Kho k h a n nhat la difa xe phao tren quang dUdng

cat dai 10km De hoan t h a n h n h i e m v u nay, H u y e n dpi

240

jiuy dong 1.925 dan quan 4 xa Gia N i n h , V6 N i n h , B u y ]S[inh, H a m N i n h , cong n h a n hat giao thong, vdi vat lieu lat diidng la t a m ghi, gach, r d m v.v

Dem 15 thang 5, bo doi va dan quan b i mat diia ca 4 dai

(jpi vao t r a n dia, di den dau xoa ngay dau vet den do Dong

thdi cac dai quan sat, mang thong t i n , t r a m p h l u difdc

t r i e n k h a i * Sang ngay 17 t h a n g 5, thdi tiet v u n g bien r a t dep Luc

7 gid 30 p h u t dai quan sat dai doi phat hien c6 3 t a u dich

di chuyen theo hifdng N a m - BSc, chiec d i phia t r o n g bd nhin ro so" hieu 029 Toan bo phao b i n h s&n sang chien

dau T a u 029 dan dan di vao k h u viJc quyet chien diem diJ

kien Cac k h a u phao lay phan t i i b^n xong Ban! Cung luc

ca 8 k h a u phao 85 ly dong loat k h a i hoa T a u 029 t r u n g dan hoc khoi, doi hifdng chay r a xa ngoai t a m dan Chi

huy cum tiep tuc suia phan i\i b i n , lenh tiep tuc bSn H a i

chiec t a u k i a lap tiic phan iing, na phao vao t r a n dia ta

Cung luc, may bay dich keo den nem bom k h u vUc t r a n dia

ta Lap tiic cac t r a n dia phong khong nha dan, buoc dich phai nem bom, ban roc-ket tu' xa M o t so can bo, chien si trung bom dich h i thiidng Den 8 gid, cuoc chien dau cang trd nen quyet liet hdn, phao h a m dich na dan vao bd, may bay keo den dong hdn Song phao cao xa 37 ly, sung may 12,7 ly k i e n ciidng danh t r a , moi t r a n dia phao cua ta v&n

an toan

Day la t r a n danh d^u tien cua phao b i n h bd bien Quang B i n h Tif do t a u dich khong dam boat dong gan bd

Cau hoi 98: Trong lich sxi chien dau cua Bo doi Ten liia

Viet Nam, ttfng c6 hai Ian chi bSng mot qua dan da ban roi tai

ch6 hai chiec may bay My Ban biet gi ve hai chien cong dac

bietdo?

Traldi:

TrUdng hdp thii nhat: sang ngay 7 thang 3 nam 1966,

tai tran dia xa Tan Do va xa Quyet Thang, huyen Quynh

Liiu, Nghe An, Tieu doan 61 ten liia phat hien top may bay

dich h hifdng tay - nam Khi muc tieu vao den cvi ly 35km

Tieu doan triidng ra lenh dong bo, nang cao the, thi mot be

phong bi quay vao "goc cam ban", con lai mot be c6 the

phong tot nhiing tren be la qua dan c6 ky hieu "K)-410",

day la qua dan bi hong diidc Dai doi trifcing va cac nhan

vien ky thuat vtfa svfa chuta xong Nhan ro tinh huong kho

khan phvfc tap nay, nhifng ngay sau khi diidc lenh phong

cua Tieu doan trifdng, cac si quan dieu khien va cac trac

thu da bijnh tinh hiep dong chuan xac, dieu khien dan di

diing muc tieu, diet gon mot top hai chiec may bay trinh

sat phan lt(c RF-101 Ca hai chiec deu rdi xuong khu vvic

Nghia Mon, Song Con Nguyen nhan Tieu doan 61 phong

mot dan ban rOi tai chS hai chiec may bay la do dan no

dung vao diem hai chiec may bay liidn ckt cheo nhau Day

la thu doan bay kieu "keo cSt" cua hai may bay dich, nham

tao ra tren man hinh ra-da hai tin hieu liic chap liic tach

de v6 hieu hoa ten \\ia bam muc tieu

Triidng hdp thii hai: Dau nam 1967, Trung doan ten

Ivfa 285 dUdc giao nhiem vu phoi hdp chien dau tai thanh

pho" Hai Phong De tim cac muc tieu cua ta, de quoc My

thvtdng sii dung cac loai may bay trinh sat hai quan nhu

HA-oC, A-4, F-4, F-8, va khi cho may bay phan Ixic di ban

pha, chung con cho may bay c6 cong suat gay nhieu 16n jihif EC-121 va EB-66 bao ve doi hinh, tao ra hang chuc

dai phat nhieu de che chan doi hinh may bay ciidng kich

cua chung, lam ten lufa ta kho phat hien dxiac "nhan" muc

tieu Trong khi do vdi cac kip chien dau ten liia, dang

"nhieu rau" tii may phat nhilu dat tren cac may bay ciidng

kich hai quan gay kho khan nhieu hdn, no lam meo muc

tieu, lam cac trac thu kho xac dinh chinh xac nhan tin hieu, gay sai so' 16n trong qua trinh bam sat, lam han che

ket qua xa kich De danh lai cac thii doan ky thuat va chien thuat cua dich, Trung doan 285 da to chiic nhieu hoi nghi dan chu quan sU de moi ngiidi cung trao doi, hien ke, Cling tim ra each danh thich hdp, dat hieu qua cao Qua nhien anh em da tham gia nhieu sang kien hay, nha't la y kien xung quanh viec chon muc tieu Ban dau, phiidng an diia ra la chon chiec di dau vi it nhilu, nhiing dan dan, dich nam diidc y do cua ta, chung doi pho lai bang each thay doi quy luat gay nhilu Anh em lai ban va quyet dinh

chon muc tieu la trung tam cua top may bay cifdng kich cua chiing, bcii do la nhiing chiec may bay mang bom, nen kha nang cd dong kem, lai phai bay theo dudng bay co"

<Jinh, neu ta ban trung mot chiec se lam ca doi hinh bay cua chung roi loan

Cung vdi viec ban bac tim ra each danh, khau tap

^%en Cling rao riet diidc dat ra, va doi tifdng dufdc huan

^^yen nhieu nha't la cac trac thu, bdi trac thu la nhiing '^gUdi theo doi may bay dich t i i khi bat difdc tin hieu, den

luc diidc lenh b&n, ma thdi gian thi chi tinh bling giay Tir

xac dinh do, toan Trung doan 285 ten liia khan trUdng to

chiic tap huan cho can bo chi huy cac kip chien dau va

ngay sau do, cac trac thu bat tay vao tap luyen S6m

ngay 31 thang 8 nam 1967, nhieu top may bay dich, trong

do CO top 8 chiec xuat hien d ciia bien Bach Dang, vong

qua hiidng so' 4, len hiidng 14 danh pha nha may dien

Uong Bi Trung doan triidng lap tijfc ra lenh cho Tieu doan

73 va Tieu doan 51 tap trung hoa lUc tieu diet Nhiing khi

cac tieu doan phat song thii t h i thay may bay dich phan

top va cd dong, bo doi lien bao cao ngay ve Sd chi huy

Dong thdi luc do tren man song ra-da xuat hien mot top

16n hdn, t\i cila song Van Uc bay vao Hai Phong Luc nay,

trung doan nhan ra ngay thii doan cua dich: top d hifctng

14 chi la top nghi binh, top m6i xuat hien m6i la top danh

vao thanh pho', va lap tiic ra lenh cho Tieu doan 73 va

Tieu doan 52 tap trung tieu diet top may bay cifdng kich,

con Tieu doan 51 danh top 8 chiec kia Nhan diJdc lenh,

Chi huy Tieu doan 73 chi t h i ngay cho kip chien dau phat

song Thay doi hinh top ciJdng kich nay chinh dien hep,

tung tam ngan, kip trac thu nhanh chong hiep dong chon

va bam sat dung chiec may bay giiia doi hinh ciia dich

Lenh phong dan phat ra, kip chien dau tap trung cao do

dieu khien cho qua dan viit tdi muc tieu Khong phai mot,

ma hai chiec may bay A-4E cua dich hi trung dan, i^^i

xuong Kien An Hai ten phi cong nhay du bi ta bat song,

do la ten thieu ta Stafford Hugla Alen, va ten trung uy

Cajey David Jay Ca hai dildc ta trao tra cho My ngay 1'^

thang 3 nam 1973 theo Hiep dinh Pari

244

Cau hoi 99: C o mot tran phao kich bat ngd vao le dai b u m

\i " Q u o c k h a n h " cua chinh q u y e n Sal G o n , m e n h lenh no

Sling ciia ta duoc quy ifoc bSng c h i n h song ra-di-6 cua dich tuo'ng thuat cuoc le H a y ke lai tran danh nay?

Tra Id i:

Ngay 1 thang 11 nam 1966, Chinh phu Viet Nam cong hoa chii trifdng to chiic le quoc khanh tai Sai Gon Dich dii dinh to chijfc ram ro, c6 dieu binh 16n, nham pho triidng st(c manh quan doi Viet Nam cong hoa va dong minh My Dich het siic canh giac, trien khai viec bao ve an toan cho ngay le trifdc ca thang

Quan khu Sai Gon - Gia Dinh quyet tam danh pha cuoc le bang chien thuat phao kich tao bao, sii dung phao

DKZ-75 i\i hai hudng dong - bac va tay - nam, tap trung

ban vao khu vvfc le dai va quang trvfdng dieu binh cua

dich, CO ket hdp coi 60mm cua biet dong dat trong thanh

pho Tran danh nay du^dc giao cho hai khau doi DKZ-75 ciia Tieu doan 6 Binh Tan va Tieu doan 8 phao binh Quan khu, bo'tri tren hai tran dia d Thii Diic va Nha Be

Tran dia Thii Diic each muc tieu 5.375m, tran dia Nha

Be each 6.475m Mot khau coi 61 dU bi cua biet dong bo'tri

d kenh Nhieu Loc, each muc tieu 4km Ngoai ra con c6 mot

so tran dia min gay tieng no nham danh lac hudng dich khi ta tan cong

De thuc hien tran phao kich nay, hai khau doi ciia Tieu doan 6 va Tieu doan 8 phai to chiic di chuyen va cau true

^''an dia trong dieu kien rat gian kho, thieu tho'n; bi dich Phuc kich tren diidng hanh quan va danh bom vao diem

^^V ket, 13 chien si hy sinh, trong do c6 nhieu phao thii

^oi, mot ton that khong nho luc nay Tuy nhien, cac tran

245

dia v i n bao dam b i mat va s i n sang no sung theo k(

hoach Do b i ton that nang, Tieu doan 8 phao b i n h Quan

k h u khong t h a m gia t r a n danh diiOc, phai cap toe dieu

k h a u doi ciia Doan 10 dac cong Riing Sac thay the

T r e n k h a n dai danh d\i t a i quang triidng Ken-nd-di,

phia sau nha t h d Diie Ba hom ay khong ving mat mot

quan ehiic nao cua dich, t\i D a i sii Ca-bot Lot, Tong t u

lenh Oet-mo-len den Tong thong Nguyen V a n Thieu, Ph6

tong thong Nguyen Cao Ky, T r a n V a n Hiidng, dai s\i cac

niidc ddng m i n h Theo chifdng t r i n h cuoc le, sau dien van

cua Chu tich uy ban h a n h phap t r u n g ifdng Nguyen Cao

Ky, se dien r a cuoc dieu b i n h "16n chiia txing c6" gom hang

ngan quan dong m i n h cung cac ddn v i quan, b i n h chung

thuoc quan lilc Viet N a m c6ng hoa, cac ddn v i cd gi6i tol

t a n va cuoc t r i n h dien t r e n khong cua khong quan M y , doi

n g u can bo b i n h dinh, n h i i n g ngiidi n h a i , doan n i i binh va

"doi quan" cho bec-gie vv

Cac t r a n dia hoi hop theo doi chat che t h d i cd no sling

qua ra-di-6 ttfdng t h u a t cuoc le cua dich Cuoc le dien ra

r a t long t r o n g va r i n h r a n g l a m cac phao t h u sot ruot

n h i i n g r o i t h d i khac lich svL da den D u n g 7 gid 5 phut,

vita liic ten Pho tong thong N g u y i n Cao K y doc dien van

t r a n dia phao N h a Be lap tiic no sung Cd so" dan 12 qua

noi tiep n h a u lao vao muc tieu D a i dich t a t ngam, cuoc le

bi gian doan

i t p h u t sau, dich phan phao, tiep theo la bon tr\ic

t h a n g v6 t r a n g bay len long Ion quan dao va Tieu doan 4

t h u y quan luc chien xuat kich ve hiidng N h a Be N a m ma.v

bay len t h i n g do 40 l i n h M y xuong Go D a t sau liing tran

dia rach Ba Vat, chi each t r a n dia phao v a i t r a m met Co-C

chien si n i u chat canh cay b i n h bat va dtfa niJ6c chong l a i

siic gio ta canh quat triJe t h a n g c6 the l a m 16 t r a n dia

Khoang mot gid sau, dich van hoi dUde trat t i i va tien hanh tiep tuc duyet binh Dai phat t h a n h Sai Gdn l a i len tieng ' •

NhUng k h i tiidng V i n h Loc vvfa eat tieng dieu h a n h t h i khau DKZ-75 cua Doan 10 d t r a n dia A n Phu - T h u Dilc hen ban cap tap vad l l dai Cung liic do, sau t r a n dia boe

pha cua du kich n g h i b i n h Ian lifdt no vang Bin dUde 12

qua t h i nen phao sut Id Cac chien si dac cong n h a n h chong t h u don t r a n dia, v i neu tiep tuc b i n dan r d i mat chinh xac se gay thiet h a i cho dan chung

Buoi le b i h a i Ian phao kich, khong k h i hon loan, t a n

tac mot each t h a m hai, t\i cac tiidng l i n h M y den quan

chttc chinh p h u Viet N a m cong hoa deu chen Ian dap n h a u chay, cac ddn v i dieu b i n h t a n loan hang ngii T r e n hang quan danh d i i cua quan lUc Hoa Ky, mot so' l i n h M y chet

va bi thvfdng v i mot t r a i dan no t r i i n g k h u viic l l dai, c6 mot t r a i r d i each l l dai 4m n h i f n g khong no

C l u hoj 100: C h i trong mot ngay, mot tieu doan cao xa tren

tuyen duttfng TrxiOng Sdn da bSn rofi tong cong 12 chiec may bay cac loai B a n hay ke ve tran danh dac biet xuat sac nay?

Tralai: >

B i n h t r a m 44 quan ly cung diidng tvL san bay Cha V l n

(cay so 0) den huyen 40, t i n h Kon Turn, tong chieu dai

l 4 1 k m Doan nay eo h a i trong diem giao thong ma dich tap

trung danh pha ae liet, la ngdm Xe Ka Mdng d cay so' 60, la

bien gi6i t\i nhien gifla hai nxidc Viet - Lao, va cay so 71,

ndi nay dxibng hep, nhieu cua gap va doc r a t cao Tie'u

doan 28 cao xa n h a n nhiem v u bao ve giao thong tren

doan diidng nay H a n g ngay tif 8 gid sang den 12 gid trua

va tii 15 gid den 17 gid chieu, may bay M y thiJdng keo len

danh pha r a t ac liet, bang du loai bom dan, nhif bom pha,

bom b i , bom no cham ,,,

Ngay 12 thang 8 n a m 1970, luc 8 gid sang, mot may

bay t r i n h sat L-19 den boat dong thiidng nhat Chd no

liidn den vong bay t h i i h a i , dxibng bay on d i n h va chinh

dien v6i t r a n dia cua D a i doi 2, lap tile D a i doi trUdng phat

lenh no sung Chiec L-19 t r u n g dan r d i t a i ch6, chi each

t r a n dia D a i doi 2 khoang 200m Nhkm cviu song h a i ten

giac l a i da nhay du, sau 30 p h u t va keo dai den t a n 12 gid

trifa, r o i tu: 15 gid den 17 gid chieu, t a t ca 280 Ian chiec

may bay dich, cac loai AD-6, F-4, H U - l A keo len bin dan

giay, dan khoi, dan hdi cay d vong trong va nem bom phat

quang, bom bi, ban dan 20 ly ci vong ngoai Mac cho may

bay dich ban pha ac liet, Tieu doan trifcing lenh cho cac

t r a n dia tap t r u n g ban n h i i n g chiec may bay cilu giac lai

trong t a m diidng dan hieu qua L a n liidt trong ngay horn

ay, 12 chiec da t r u n g dan r d i t a i ch6 D a i doi 2 va dai Doi ')

ban r d i dUdc nhieu may bay dich nha't va diet diidc nhieu

giac l a i nhat

Ca ngay hom do k h i the chien da'u va phuc v u chien

dau d B i n h t r a m 44 soi noi nhif mot ngay hoi TU horn ay

cho den lien ba ngay sau, t r e n v i i n g t r d i do B i n h t r a m 44

quan ly khong c6 tieng may bay dich boat dong, da tao

dieu k i e n cho xe ta v a n chuyen hang cho chien triidng l i f "

248

tuc 3 ngay dem an toan Sau t r a n nay, Tieu doan 28 cao

xa diidc tang thUdng H u a n chiidng Quan cong hang N h i

C^u hoi 101: C h i v 6 i 2 k h a u doi sung may cao xa 14,5 ly va 6

tay sung A K , trong vong 35 phut da b3n rtfi 3 may bay true thang, trong do c6 2 chiec rOi tai ch6 D a y

la tran danh cua don v i nao?

Traldi:

Day la t r a n danh cua D a i doi 10 (Tieu doan 8, T r u n g doan 241 cao xa) t r e n chien t r i i d n g Khe Sanh - Quang T r i nam 1971 Ngay 31 t h a n g 12, t a i k h u viic gan ngam Khe Sanh, hai k h a u doi sung may cao xa 14,5 ly ban r d i mot chiec triic thang H U - I D bay tha'p qua t r a n dia, chiec may bay r d i each t r a n dia 600m Lap tile D a i doi t r i i d n g eii chien si lien lac Pham Ngoe A n h chay ve hau eijf bao C h i n h

t r i vien buy dong t h e m bo doi den vay bat giac l a i Ngay sau do 5 phut, dich eung buy dong 18 chiec may bay cac loai t r i n h sat OV-10, L-19, eUdng k i c h AD-6, triJc t h a n g v u trang, keo den bao vay giai ciiu p h i cong Chung ban roc-ket, phao 20 ly, t h a coi xung quanh may bay r d i , ngan khong cho quan ta tiep can T r e n diidng chay ve hau cii, thay chiec may bay r d i chi each 400m, tieng dich goi nhau

i di, A n h quyet tarn bam sat khong cho ehiing thoat Phat hien thay A n h , chiing hen tuc ban ve phia anh Mac, anh

^an b i n h t i n h van dong t i e n t d i K h i each dich 50m, bong

"lot chiec triic t h a n g OH-6 xa xuong each mat dat 2m d i n h

•^Uu bon giac l a i A n h lap tijte ngam ban mot t r a n g A K ,

^hiec may bay t r i i n g dan r d i ngay eanh xac chiec H U - l D

249

A n h tiep tuc t a n cong dich, den k h i het ca l i i u dan va dan,

anh lien chay ve hau c\l goi dong doi chi vien Tren dufdn^r

chay ve gap 6 chien si gom y ta, nuoi quan, quan k h i dan^^

den tiep vien, A n h d i n dong doi den bao vay danh dich

Chung nap diia vao xac h a i chiec triic thang chay de chong

t r a quyet liet, dong thdi goi t h e m mot chiec triic thang

H U - 1 A niia den giai ciiu, v i i a liic ca to tiep can k h a gan,

a n h em dong loat no siing, chiec triic t h a n g nay vvfa thji

t h a n g day Hen t r u n g dan, no le chiec thang hoc khoi lao di

Dich thay doi t h i i doan: chung b i n dan khoi day dac xung

quanh bon p h i cong de quan ta khong quan sat difdc, roi

cho mot chiec H U - l A khac n h a n h chong lao xuong hoc bon

dii6i dat, bo l a i h a i xac triic thang

N h i i vay chi trong vong 35 p h u t chien dau, v6i 2 khau

doi 14,5 ly hkn het 7 vien dan, cung v6i 6 tay siing A K ban

het 200 vien va nem 14 qua l i i u dan, cac chien si D a i doi

10 da bin r d i 3 may bay trUc thang, trong do c6 2 chiec rdi

tai ch6, t h u nhieu chien Idi pham

Cau hoi 102: Difdng H o C h i M i n h trong khang chien chong

M y tong cong dai hang ngan ki-16-met, trong do c6

nhiing doan difdng goi la dudng k i n (dudng K)

C h o biet ve loai dudng dac biet nay?

Tra Idi:

D a u n a m 1971, B i n h t r a m 31 v a B i n h t r a m 32 c6 sang

k i e n l a m mot con diidng k i n , b i n g each Idi dung nhfli^^

rijfng cay, l u m cay c6 s i n cung v6i cay nguy t r a n g de che

k i n mat diidng, r o i cho xe chay t h i i ban ngay Ket qua ma.V

bay dich khong phat hien ra, xe ta chay an toan Tif mo hinh nay Bo Tif lenh 559 da van dung k i n h nghiem va pho b i e n toan tuyen, t a n dung n h i i n g ndi dia h i n h cho phep, de xay dtfng n h i i n g tuyen difdng k i n , lay ten la

"diidng K", thay the mot so' tuyen diidng cii la dUdng hd ("diidng H") Tren n h i i n g tuyen diJdng K nay, cac xe cd gidi

nang suat ciing cao hdn Tvi do Dang iiy Doan 559 ra n g h i quyet: "Lay difdng K lam hu6ng tien cong chii yeu, diidng

H chi van chuyen h6 t r d va n g h i b i n h l a m lac hiidng dich, bao ve h i mat, bat ngd, lau dai cho tuyen diidng K"

Cau hoi 103: O T a y N i n h c6 mot ngon niii cao nhat N a m Bo,

c h i e m mot v i tri chien luofc rat quan trong trong hai cuoc k h a n g chien C h o biet ve ngon niii va nhUng tran danh tieu bieu a day?

Tra Idi:

Do la n u i Ba Den, each t h i xa Tay N i n h l l k m ve phia dong bac, la ngon n i i i cao n h a t N a m Bo, cao 986m T i i day

CO the quan sat ca mot v u n g rong 16n Chien t r i i d n g B2 va

mot phan chien trifdng Cam-pu-chia

N h i n t r e n ban do N a m Bo, n i i i Ba Den la d i n h cao khong che mot vung t r u n g du rong 16n Con diidng noi t i i chien k h u Diidng M i n h Chau qua Suoi Da len Khe Don tiep giap v6i n u i ci phia dong, t i n h 16 4 giap phia tay, phia nam la true 16 d i tvi t h i xa Tay N i n h len, tao t h a n h dau

^ 6 i giao th6ng huyet mach quan trong

N u i Ba Den tao t h a n h bdi ba ngon n u i : phia dong la Niii

Ba cao 968m, phia tay bfic l a N u i Phung cao 600m, phia tay

la N u i Heo cao 335m Ba ngon n u i nay noi vdi nhau trai

rong 600m, dai 4.000m N u i Ba Den c6 dia h i n h phiic tap,

ta chan n i i i len d i n h c6 do dai 3.164m, diidng d i khiic

k h u y u , giat cap, do doc t r u n g binh 36" N i i i cau tao nhieu

Idp dat da xen ke, nhieu tang da goi len nhau tao thanh

n h i i n g hang dong hung v i , day b i an Suot chieu dai lich su,

n u i CO nhieu t e n goi khac ni3a nhiJ N i i i M o t , N i i i Chieng

Moi ten goi deu gan v6i n h i i n g truyen thuyet dan gian v a

he thong chua chien, am t\i cua gi6i Phat t i i t u hanh

V6i v i t r i dia ly, do cao viidt t r o i so vcii dia h i n h N a m

Bo, cong v6i nhieu yeu to bo t r d khac, n i i i Ba Den t r d

t h a n h mot v i t r i quan sU chien Ivfdc quan trong trong suot

hai cuoc chien t r a n h

Ngay 8 t h a n g 1 n a m 1945, thiic dan Phap dem quan

danh chiem Tay N i n h , n i i i Ba Den t r d t h a n h can c i i each

mang dau t i e n cua t i n h T a i day t h a n g 11 n a m 1945, dai

bo phan Cd quan Dang va U y ban khang chien Tay N i n h

da md cac hoi n g h i xay diing liJc liidng k h a n g chien chong

Phap, phat dong phong trao giet giac ciiu nu6c trong toan

t i n h : H o i n g h i k h a n g chien t a i Chua T r u n g n i i i Ba dau

t h a n g 12 n a m 1945, H o i n g h i phat dong phong trao khang

Phap, xay dUng cac liic liidng v i i trang, cd sd b i mat

Trong suot h a i cuoc khang chien, n h i i n g hang dong cua

n i i i Ba Den nhif K i m Quang, K i m Sdn, T h a n h Long, Thien

Thai, Ba Co, M a Ha deu la nhutng can cii cua each mang

N a m 1965 M y - nguy tien hanh xay diing t r e n d i n h niii

can cii T r u y e n t i n vien thong da chien I I , dong dxidi chan

252

niii la cac ddn v i l i n h bao an, dia phifdng quan N i i i Ba

p e n trd t h a n h chien trUdng nong bong vdi the t r a n cai rang liidc " t r e n dich, dxidi dich, giuta t a " Thang 4 n a m

1965, quan ta ban chay h a i may bay len t h a n g k h i chiing

viia rdi khoi dinh n i i i , na coi t i e n cong tieu hao sinh liic

dich dxidi chan n i i i Ngay 19 thang 6 n a m 1969, Bo Txi lenh M i e n chi h u y

cuoc tien cong can ciif Truyen thong tren dinh n i i i , tieu diet

160 ten dich, pha hong he thong truyen t i n , t r u ang-ten cao

200m, 6 16-c6t, t r a m bien the dien, may no, cong sxi v.v

Ngay 28 thang 4 n a m 1972, Ian t h i i h a i t a t a n cong can cii t r u y e n thong Sau 11 gid chien dau ac liet, t a l a m c h u

cil diem, tieu diet 243 t e n dich, trong do c6 c6 v a n M y , t h u

va pha h u y nhieu phiidng t i e n chien t r a n h

Ngay 6 t h a n g 12 n a m 1974, Q u a n giai phong ha quyet

tarn t a n cong tieu diet hoan toan can c i i nay N h i e u ddn v i ciia cac b i n h chung t h a m gia chien dich: dac cong, phao binh ,v.v Sau mot ngay chien dau ac liet, ngay 7 t h a n g

12 t a l a m chii can cil, san phang t r u n g t a m t r u y e n t i n Thiia thang, v6i Idi the do cao, boa liJc t a kho'ng che cac

don hot dich d t h i xa Tay N i n h , san bay T r a n g L d n , D a u Tieng va nhieu ndi khac N h i e u don bot dich trong pham

vi anh hifdng cua n i i i Ba D e n nay da trd nen suy giam silc chien dau, b i n h l i n h suot ngay dem riic h a m Q u a n doi

nguy to chiifc t a i chiem, n h i i n g khong t h a n h cong, chiing

phai bo' t r i thiet lap l a i v a n h dai phong t h u mdi T i i day can cii n i i i Ba Den diidc giii v i i n g den ngay toan t h i n g

253

Ciu hoi 104: H a y ke trudng hdp duy nhat ma sung ngan cila

chien si ta da b5n roti may bay trUc thang M y ?

Traldi:

Sau cuoc can Gian-xdn X i - t i nam 1967 cua quan

M y , mot Ian dong chi Pham V a n Hao, Chinh t r i vien Tieu

doan 77, Cue Thong t i n Hen lac mien N a m , cung chien si

lien lac V u Ngoc Quan d i dieu t r a chien triidng K h i t r d ve,

anh cung Quan phai bang qua mot t r a n g trong c6 nhQng

bai CO t r a n h va cay nho lup xup H a i ngiidi vvfa di den giua

t r a n g t h i tieng may bay trvfc t h a n g den moi luc mot gan

K h i ay t r e n chien trifdng mien N a m , dich dang ap dung

chien t h u a t phiCmg hodng v6 moi: may bay M y l a m chii

bau t r d i , dung k i n h ng^m quang hoc quan sat ttf r a t xa,

neu phat hien dUdc muc tieu lap tttc chung ap den, ban

x u n g quanh t h i uy, k h i doi phifdng dxidi dat khong con kha

nang chong t r a t h i may bay ha thap do cao bat gon

Luc nay C h i n h t r i vien Hao chi k i p ho: "Phifdng hoang

v6 moi day, b^n manh vao!" H a i ngifdi ep vao b u i cay,

chien si Quan diing tieu lien A K ban t r a quyet liet vao

chiec trvfc thang dang quan thao t r e n dau K h i cd so dan

het sach t h i chiec may bay da dCfng siing t r e n dau h a i thay

tro, ten giac tho h4n dau ra ngoai n h i n bang mat thiidng

h a i muc tieu dang nam ep dxidi dat

"Chet cung phai chet cho oanh liet!", y n g h i ay v u t len

trong dau C h i n h t r i vien Hao Sd kh^p ngiidi, Ian dxidc

k h a u sung ngin K54 deo ben hong, anh v u t diing h4n day

r u t Sling hii6ng ve chiec may bay, nay het ca bang dan Ctf

jy qua gan, dan k h a u K54 gam dung cho hiem gan duoi chiec triJc thang H a i ngufdi chi nghe tieng "buc" t r e n may bay r o i thay khoi den p h u n ra ci gan duoi No bat ngd t u n g bong len cao d i n h thao chay, n h i i n g chi bay dutdc mot doan ngSn t h i no tung, hoc chay dii doi

Chinh t r i vien Hao da dUdc t a n g thvf^ng H u a n chUdng Chien cong giai phong hang Ba

Cau hoi 105: Noi den s\i ac liet va tinh than bat khuat tren con

difdng T n r d n g Sdn h u y e n thoai la noi den bo ba tr9ng diem A T P Ban c6 the ke gi ve bo ba n6i

t i ^ g nay? i *

Traldi:

Tren tuyen van t a i cd gidi viidt T r i i d n g Sdn vao chien

trifdng, con difdng gan nhat la Diidng 20, no dai chi bang

mia Difdng 12, v i vay ta quyet t a m bam giii con dUdng huyet mach nay, mac du van con cac diidng khac ciing vao t6i chien triidng

Tren DUdng 20 c6 ba trong diem noi tieng la cua chiJ A,

ngam Ta Le, deo P h u La Nhich, goi tat la ATP Doan qua

3 trong diem nay chi dai khoang 7 k m , no bat dau tiif tay

-nam Quang B i n h den dong - -nam t i n h K h a m M u o n , Lao, v6i dia the r a t hiem t r d , song t h i sau va n u i t h i cao

Cua chut A la doan dudng leo quanh sifdn n u i gap khuc, niot ben la vach n u i cao, mot ben la viJc t h i m , chieu dai khoang 3km

Tiep giap doan cua chii A la ngam qua song Ta Le,

"^Png g a n 100m, niidc sau va chay xiet Ngam la doan

diJdng r a i da qua long song, diidc cong b i n h va t h a n h nien

xung phong r a i da ton dan len cao sao cho nvtdc ngap chi

den niia banh xe

Phia n a m song la deo P h u La Nhich Doan difdng dec

nay dai khoang 2 k m , chay men b i n h do mep n i i i va di len

cao dan len, do doc t r u n g b i n h 15% Difdng luon cua gap,

khiic khuyu, ngo^n ngeo K h i vridt dinh sang tay Tnidng Sdn,

dUdng chay ve phia K a Toe - L i i m B u m giap Diidng 128

Ngay 30 t h a n g 10 n a m 1968, Tong thong Gion-xdn phai

tuyen bo ngifng nem bom mien BSc, the n h i i n g bat dau t u

ngay 5 thang 11 n a m 1968, khong quan M y l a i don IvJc

Ivfdng nem bom danh pha bit h a i cvfa k h a u la Diidng 12 va

Diidng 20

T r e n lien hoan t r o n g diem nay, moi ngay dem c6 hdn

t r a m Ian chiec may bay M y den danh pha, trong do c6 30

den 40 Ian la may bay B-52 M a y bay OV-10 va AD-6 thay

n h a u canh gac bau trdi suo't ngay dem Suot quang diidng

nay, rifng cay t h a n h bai sa mac, n i i i da b i n u n g t h a n h voi

trdng, dat x6i t h a n h bot, dong song Ta Le due ngau mau

voi bot

Cac tieu doan van t a i , cong b i n h ciia cac b i n h t r a m 14

32, Doi T h a n h nien xung phong (ciia Bo Giao thong van

tai), T r u n g doi may u i , vv dildc dieu tdi de giai toa trong

diem Mot t r u n g doan bo b i n h dang t r e n diidng vao chien

trifdng Cling difdc lenh dtfng lai de chi vien Cac T r u n g doan

cao xa 224, T r u n g doan Ten IvLa 238 tich c\ic danh t r a ma>

bay dich Cuoc chien dau ciic ky quyet bet, gianh giat tiing

phut, chi ngdt tieng bom la da c6 xe Ian banh

256

Trong k h i bo doi dang chot gixJ nghi binh dich t r e n ptfdng 20A, cac con dudng bi mat khac dang dUdc md: pvfdng thiidng liiu ngam 20B, Diidng 20C, Dudng 20D, v.v Sau 45 ngay dem chohg t r a quyet liet, biet bao mo hoi xifdng mau cua hang ngan chien si, t h a n h nien xung

phong, den ngay 25 t h a n g 12 n a m 1968, difdng l a i thong,

xe l a i vao chien trifdng N h i i n g doan xe van t a i , b i n h k h i

ky t h u a t , cao xa, thiet giap, v.v vUdt deo qua ngam bang Difdng 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, t^c diidng nay d a c6 dvfdng

khac Trong diem A T P la ban anh h u n g ca bat diet, la bieu tiidng sang choi cua Diidng 559 huyen thoai trong cuoc khang chien chong M y v i dai

Cau hoi 106: Phao phan \uc A12 va D K B la hai loai v u k h i rat

noi tieng ra dofi trong cuoc k h a n g chien chong M y Cho biet ve s\i ra ddi hai loai phao phan ItTc nay?

N h i i n g ddn v i dau tien da mang hai loai phao nay

vao chien trUldng?

Trim

N a m 1965 M y bat d a u do quan vao mien N a m Viet

Nam Chung thifdng dong tap t r u n g t h a n h nhiJng can cvi

I6n, t r e n dien rong, n h u san bay, k h o tang, hai cang quan svi, can cii quan sU, v.v Neu phao b i n h dUa diidc phao

Idn vdi siic cong pha m a n h t h i k h a nang tieu diet dich la

^at 16n N h i i n g do dac diem dia h i n h chien t r i i d n g la r a t

kho tap kich bang phao xe keo, n h i i vay neu chi dung phao

^oi, phao D K Z t h i tarn ban h a n che, kho tiep can dich

257

Trii6c t i n h h i n h do, Bo Tif lenh Phao b i n h nghien cuu

t i m toi loai v i i k h i m6i, t r e n cd sd phao hoa t i l n c6 sEn ciia

L i e n X6, la phao phan \\ic BM-14 Day la loai phao dai

t r e n 6-t6, m6i xe c6 dan 17 ong phong, cd dan 140 ly, tam

b i n xa 8 k m , trong vong vai giay ca 17 qua Ian liidt bay toi

muc t i e u Y d i n h sii dung loai v u k h i nay cua Bo T\i lenh

Phao b i n h dUdc Bp Tong t h a m m i i u nhat t r i , phe duyet va

giao cho cac cd quan cung nghien c\iu t h i i nghiem Ta

nghien ciiu khong n h i i n g chi ban bang ong phong, ma con

ban khong can ong phong Viec nghien ciiu loai ong phong

t h a n h cong, ta dat ten cho loai phao phan liic nay la A12

T r o n g thdi gian nay, C h u t i c h Ho C h i M i n h , Chinh

p h u va Bo Quoc phong ciing n h d C h i n h p h u L i e n X6

nghien ciiu san x u a t mot loai phao phan Ivfc v6i yeu cau:

t a m ban xa t r e n 10km, uy l\ic 16n, gay chay, sat thUdng

diidc n h i e u loai phifdng t i e n chien t r a n h , va quan trong

la mang vac t h u a n Idi t r e n dia h i n h r i i n g n i i i DiJta vao

cau tao loai dan hoa ti§n B M - 2 1 v6i cd dan 1221y b i n xa

diidc 10,8km, B a n da che tao cho t a mot loai phao dap

l i n g yeu cau t r e n Loai phao nay c6 2 bo phan: nong phao

va chan phao, m6i bo p h a n c h i can mot ngifdi mang vac

gon nhe, dan no c6 do nong cao, m a n h dan nhieu Luc

dau ta d i n h dat ten loai nay la D K Z 6 6 ( D K san x u a t nam

1966), sau doi ten la D K B , chut B c6 nghia la chien trudng

m i e n N a m

Sau k h i nghien ciiu va ban ih\i t h a n h cong ca phao A l 2

va D K B , ngay 17 thang 4 n a m 1966, B i n h chung Phao

b i n h ban t r i n h dien ca h a i loai phao de bao cao v6i Bo

C h i n h t r i , vdi niem v i n h d\i r a t 16n la dMOc Bac Ho den du

C l i n g cac dong chi lanh dao Dang va Nha nxidc la Thu

tiidng Pham V a n Dong, D a i txidng V5 Nguyen Giap, dong

chi T r ^ d n g Chinh, dong chi TrUdng doan chuyen gia quan

s^i L i e n X6 Dia diem ban t a i N u i Muc, t r e n TrUdng ban phao b i n h Hoa Lac, t i n h Sdn Tay Trifdc k h i ban, k h i xem nhiing vien dan A-72 n a m t r e n be d i p dat, buoc day t h i f n g

CO d i n h ong phong, Bac ra't v u i va noi: "Hang noi hoa

day!" Trong buoi b i n t r i n h dien, k h i b i n difdc 12 qua

D K B va 4 qua A-12 t h i Bac ra lenh thoi b i n de tiet k i e m

dan cho chien trifdng T h u tudng Pham V a n Dong qua

Trifdng doan chuyen gia giii Idi cam dn tdi Dang va C h i n h phu L i e n X6

Tiep do, nhieu t r u n g doan, tieu doan doc lap diidc thanh lap de tiep nhan h a i loai v i i k h i mdi nay T i i cuo'i nam 1966 den dau n a m 1968, cac ddn v i diidc h u a n luyen xong trong thdi gian 6 thang, c6 thufc h a n h b i n dan t h a t ,

va d\iac lenh hanh quan vao chien trifdng Cac ddn v i

nhan n h i e m v u gom c6: T r u n g doan 368B t r a n g b i phao

D K B vao chien trvfdng K h u 5, T r u n g doan 84A t r a n g bi phao D K B vao chien trifdng N a m Bo, T r u n g doan 84B trang bi phao D K B vao M a t t r a n B5 - Quang T r i , Tieu doan 99 t r a n g bi phao A l 2 vao M a t t r a n Da N i n g , Tieu doan 95 va Tieu doan 96 t r a n g bi phao A12 vao chien trudng Tay Nguyen, T r u n g doan 45 t r a n g b i phao D K B vao M a t t r a n Diidng 9 - Khe Sanh, ba t i e u doan 32, 33, 34 trang b i hon hdp D K B va A12 vao chien t r i i d n g T h i i a Thien - Hue

Trong ddt ra quan dau tien nay, so lifdng phao phan luc

^ao chien trifdng la 500 k h a u A12 va 200 k h a u D K B Cac

^On vi phao phan l\lc do da lam nen ky tich trong chien dich

Khe Sanh va Tong tien cong M a u T h a n nam 1968

T a i chien t r i i d n g mien N a m , tap the cac k y sif, can bo,

cong n h a n Q u a n gi6i M i e n tiep tuc nghien ciiu, cai tien

dan hoa t i e n D K B , H12, noi them mot tang thuoc day de

tarn ban diidc xa hdn goi la D B - l A , D B - l B , DB-12A

DB-12B Dong t h d i quan gi6i M i e n cung cai tien t i l dau

dan phao lep cua dich de t h e m thuoc no n h ^ m tang uy lyc

pha hoai, sat t h i i d n g , phao mang ten B20, B30

Bo doi phao b i n h R i l n g Sac cai t i e n loai dan D K B nang

46kg cd 122 ly t h a n h loai dan c6 k h o i thuoc phong nang

82kg cd 280 ly c6 the bin xa 3.182m, goi la B D l Loai dan

BD2 tUdng t\l n h i i B D l n h i i n g c6 nhieu thuoc no hdn

nang 100kg L o a i dan hoa t i l n A12 nang 19kg cd 117 ly

diidc cai t i e n t h a n h dan BD12, c6 khoi thuoc phong nang

34kg cd 180 ly, c6 the ban xa 2.972m Bo doi R i l n g Sac

tiing ban c h i m t a u giac bang nhQng loai dan nay

Trong t r a n d a n h can ctL T h i e n Ngon ngay 29 thang 9

nam 1968, t a ban BD12 da pha do sup biic tUdng cao 1,5m,

day 0,5m de mci dvfdng cho x u n g k i c h chiem dau cau

Trong t r a n Ca Turn, vdi 11 q u a dan B D l , BD2 va 50 qua

dan BD12, t a san bang cijf diem dich

Cau hoi 107: C h o biet qua trinh nghien ciiu, san xuat va tac

d u n g cua loai k h i tai mang ten F R ?

Tralai:

T a i mot k h u doi ci T a m Dao ( V i n h Phiic) c6 bo t r i cong

sii hang rao thep gai n h i i c<i diem ciia dich, t r o n g buoi ban

bieu dien loat dau t h i i nghiem v u k h i pha hang rao FK

T h u tudng P h a m V a n Dong cung D a i tiidng V6 Nguyen

260

Giap den chiing kien tac dung ciia v u k h i mdi, da v u i

miJfng va chi t h i cho Q u a n gidi san xuat hang loat de gxii

ra chien trUdng V u k h i pha hang rao FR r a ddi n h a m phuc v u cho viec danh cac cii diem k i e n co' diidc bao ve bang bai m i n va hang rao bung n h u n g nhieu tang, nhieu

Icfp Neu dung boc pha theo each danh cu hoac dung keo

chuyen dung de cat day thep gai md dUdng t h i ra't kho khan, hieu qua thap, de mat thdi cd diet dich

Cong t r i n h nghien cijfu, thiet ke v u k h i pha hang rao

FR do Vien k y t h u a t Q u a n siJ thuc hien t\i n a m 1967, v6i

sii t h a m gia san xuat ciia mot so' cd sd quoc phong, chu yeu

la N h a may Z113 V i i k h i pha hang rao FR c6 cau tao theo

dang gian phong K h i phat hoa, dong cd c6 ten lt(a keo theo mot day cap n h i i a g a n lien v6i hang chuc ong hoc pha

bay ve phia tril6c Den mot cii ly da d i n h , ca dong cd ten

Ilia va toan bo so' 6'ng hoc pha h i coc neo giut l a i , theo quan

t i n h no difdc r a i deu ciing mot liic t r e n dien tich rong

va phat no Ngoai kha n a n g pha t u n g cac hang rao bung

nhiing dai t6i t r a m met v6i chieu ngang tvi 5 den 10m, FR

con l a m kich no cac loai m i n t r e n dUdng no di qua

Viec san xuat v i i k h i pha hang rao FR hoi do difdc t i e n hanh trong dieu kien t r a n g bi may moc, cong nghe ciia ta con nhieu t h i e u tho'n, mot so' cong doan san xuat phai

diing den siic ngifdi V i t h i e u t h i e t h i ep t h u y liic, cong nhan quan gidi phai dung may quay tay loai c6 liic ep 15

tan ep de gia cong cac chi tiet nhiJa v a cac k h o i thuoc no

kich thildc Idn

Sau do, v i i k h i pha hang rao FR tiep tuc dUdc cai t i e n

•^e bao dam p h u hdp vdi t i n h cha't hoat dong ciia cac b i n h

261

chung Do la v u k h i pha hang rao FRA san xuat cho bo

binh, v u k h i pha hang rao FRB cho cong b i n h va v u k h i

pha hang rao FRT cho xe tang K h i t a n cong, xe tang cua

ta mang v u k h i pha hang rao FRT vao sat hang rao de

phat hoa ,

Tai chien trildng Tay Nguyen, trong chien dich Dac To

-Tan Canh n a m 1972, T r u n g doan 52 (Sii doan 320) da

dung v i i k h i pha hang rao FR trong t r a n tieu diet can cu

K L e n g each t h i xa K o n T u m 2 5 k m ve phia tay Tuy vay,

Cling CO triidng hdp n h i i chien dich Thvidng Dilc (Quang

N a m - Da Nang) n a m 1974, do ddn v i chien dau chiia lam

dung quy d i n h ve k y t h u a t nen khong phat huy dvfdc tac

dung cua v u k h i Cac t r a n sau r u t difdc k i n h nghiem, vu

k h i pha hang rao FR deu dat ket qua cao k h i stf dung

Ciu hoi 108: Jen lua B72 difOc san xuat de bSn xe tang, nhung

C O mot phan doi ten Ivta da sang tao trong sit dung

v u k h i tieu diet nhieu loai muc tieu B a n hay ke ve

nhilng tran danh sang tao nay?

Tra 16i:

Hii dau n a m 1972 cho den ngay mien N a m hoan toan

giai phong, T r u n g doi 2 (Dai doi 1, Tieu doan 371 ten liia

cho'ng tang) gom 13 ngifdi, phoi thupc v6i Sii doan 5 bo

b i n h chien dau d M a t t r a n Long Khot, Cam-pu-chia Tai

day bo doi da ban mot phat diet mot chiec xe tang M.48

cua dich

Sau do phan doi phoi thuoc v6i Tieu doan 10 hoa

chien dau i\i M a t t r a n Tan Chau, Hong Ngtf t d i t h i tran

Niec^Liidng, Cam-pu-chia T r u n g doi thUdng xuyen l a m nhiem v u danh t a u dich t r e n song, ngan chan t a u dich van chuyen tiep te cho M a t t r a n Cam-pu-chia danh pha vao

jiau cd cua ta N h i e m v u cua t e n \\ia chong tang B72 la

thifcing xuyen cd dong danh chan dau, khoa duoi k h i e n t a u dich phai dat vao bd, tao dieu k i e n cho hoa lUc B40, B41

va phao DKZ-75 t i e u diet

Do dac t h u ten Ixla B72 c6 t h i e t b i dien t i i t i n h v i , ddn

vi thiidng xuyen cd dong qua song rach, b i mat chiem l i n h tran dia, danh n h a n h r u t n h a n h , nen anh em c6 sang kien thoi cho chiec "bong" bang ni-16ng cang len, cho v i i k h i va

k h i t a i vao, t h a n h chiec phao vUdt song T r u n g doi ten Ivia

B72 cung Tieu doan 10 danh nhieu t r a n , ban t r u n g 12 t a u hang, 2 t a u chien

Trong t r a n danh t r e n true difdng Nie'c Lifdng - Xoai Rieng cua Tieu doan 10, T r u n g doi ten Ivfa B72 ban 3 phat lam h u cau, k h i e n xe tang dich khong qua dvfdc

Trong t r a n danh cung Tieu doan 10 va T r u n g doan 207 vao don Cai Sach, Thiidng T h d i H a u doc bien gidi, dich t i i

3 lo-co't ban r a quyet liet k h i e n bo b i n h thifdng vong nhieu, lap tijfc ten lika B70 diidc dieu len chi vien Vdi 3 phat dan, ten Ilia B72 tieu diet ca 3 16-cot, sau do ta chiem diidc don E>ong chi T r u n g doan t r i i d n g den t a n t r a n dia B72 chuc ttiufng anh em xa t h u

Trong t r a n danh ci cu lao A n K h a n h , gii3a song T a n Chau va Hong N g i i , T r u n g doan 207 chiem diidc cii lao

^hung dich cho t a u chien bao vay, k h i e n bo b i n h t a b i ket day Bo doi ten Itta B72 phong dan tieu diet dai quan

sat va mot so l i n h dich, t r a n nay dong chi T r u n ^ doi

triicing hy sinh anh dung j

V6i nhflng t h a n h tich chien dau dung cam va sang tao

nhieu can bp, chien si t r o n g t r u n g doi difdc thiidng Huan

chiidng Chien cong Giai phong

Cau hoi 109: Trong khang chien chong M y c6 mot c6ng trinh

dSc biet, chay ngam suot chieu dai dat nifdc c6 mat

danh 1-71 Ban biet gi ve cong trinh nay?

Traldi:

Xang dau dong vai tro het &\ic quan trong trong chien

t r a n h hien dai Trong chien dich D i e n Bien P h u ta tifng sir

dung het khoang 1.800 t a n n h i e n lieu

Trong k h a n g chien chong M y , ta xay diJng va sv( dung

tuyen du:dng o'ng xang dau chien liJdc dai 4.900km tCf Dong

Dang (Lang Sdn), Mong Cai (Quang N i n h ) vUdt qua ddng

-tay T r i i d n g Sdn hiem trci, h u n g v i vao tdi B u Gia Map

(Dong N a m Bo), bao dam hau phiidng mien BSc, cho tuyen

chi vien chien liidc Trifdng Sdn va cac chien triidng mien

N a m , Lao, Cam-pu-chia

B a t dau t i f thang 4 n a m 1968, chi v6i 200km difdng ong

va 20 may bdm do L i e n X6 vien trd, 400 can bo, chien si da

bat dau cung cap xang dau phuc v u chien dau

T h a n g 5 n a m 1972, M y tien h a n h cuoc chien t r a n h pha

hoai mien B^c Ian t h i i h a i , mot cong t r i n h xay diing tuyen

cung cap xang dau mang ten T-72 T a t ca cac bo, nganh

dia phiidng, trong va ngoai quan doi deu t h a m gia cong

t r i n h nay

264

V g a y 15 thang 6 n a m 1972, "dong xang ngam" dai

75km bat dau chay Den ngay 25 t h a n g 9 n a m 1972, cong

t r i n h T-72 can ban hoan t h a n h vdi chieu dai 387km gom 4 tuyen song song Tiep theo, cong t r i n h T-72B gom hdn

1.000 ngifdi t h i cong, dUdng ong chay dai ivi Mong Cai den

H a i Difdng

"Dong xang ngam" dam bao cung cap xang dau tvi bien

gidi Viet - T r u n g den mien Dong N a m Bo, l a mot bo phan

i q u a n trong ciia cuoc k h a n g chien chong M y , ciJtu nUdc

Cau hoi 110: NgUdi dan m i l n N a m trUdc ngay giai phong

khong the quen dam chay I6n d kho xang S h e l l

ra t r a n danh, t r e n t r a n g dau bao Bqc lap cua c h i n h quyen Sai Gon, noi bat hang chQ "Suot 48 phut sang thii hai, ngay 3 thang 12 nam 1973, kho xang Nha Be bi phdo kich

49 qua dan ". O Bo quoc phong quan doi Sai Gon, ngay

sau v u no xay ra, da dien ra mot cuoc hop k h a n cap M o t

"Uy ban dieu t r a hon hdp" diidc t h a n h lap, gom cac quan

chiic t a i to mat Idn cua Bo quoc phong Bo t\i lenh canh sat

quoc gia Bo chi h u y canh sat biet k h u t h u do, Cue an n i n h

265

quan dpi, do ten t r u n g tii6ng Le Nguyen K h a n g cam dau,

t h a m d u cuoc hop nay, cao tren het la Cd quan t i n h bao

M y t a i Sai Gon

Doc diidc n h i i n g t i n bao nay, bo doi dac cong R i i n g Sac

diidc t r a n ciidi h a da: "Cho chung may mo k i m day bien!"

T u y nhien, luc do cac chien si t a v a n chifa liidng diJdc gidi

chop b u Sai Gon da dau dau nhtf the nao Phai sau ngay

30 t h a n g 4 n a m 1975 m6i thay het diidc dieu do: k h i t a vac

tiep quan cd quan Bo quoc phong Sai Gon (ci so' 43 Gia

Long, nay l a 63 L y Tvt Trong), chien si t a phat hien ho sd

"Vu an kho Shell Nhd Be" chat day den bon t u sit to! Qua

h a n g t r a m dau hoi t r o n g bon t u s^t ho sd, chung r u t ra

dvfdc mot ket l u a n con "bao l i f u " , nhu:ng chi m6i suyt soat

dung mot nxia: "Day la mot t r a n danh do mot noi tuyen

ket hdp v6i dac cong Viet cong thuc hien" (ket luan trong

bien ban mang ky hieu 0481/TTLQ/DT)

ThiJc r a cuoc dieu t r a da tiep can diidc sii thxic, n h i i n g

n h i i n g t r a n t r d " t a i sao" t h i c6 ly do chinh dang cua no:

ngoai viec kho xang N h a Be la mot t r o n g n h i i n g kho diJdc

Uu t i e n hang dau ve phong t h i i v6i he thong cau true "c6

chieu sau", vdi lUc lifdng triic chien c6 phudng t i e n phan

l i n g cUc n h a n h , hien dai va dac biet, no con la ndi c6 mang

lifdi a n n i n h , each quan ly n h a n cong het siic chat che A i

l a m viec nay ci day phai difdc cap the deo, sau k h i da difdc

cd quan Canh sat quoc gia nghien ciiu ly lich Vao vong

hai p h a i c6 Gidy phep dac biet do cd quan canh sat k h u

cap Vong t r o n g cung, k h u viic bon chiia, chi c6 7 cong

n h a n dvfdc vao l a m viec dxidi s\i k i e m soat cua 13 ten an

ninh Tat ca 7 ngifdi nay va 13 ten an n i n h deu la ngiidi pha hoac t h a n can ciia ten giam doc V6 Hoai N a m

Da vay t h i kho t i n dUdc rang, n h i i n g ngUdi lam nen v u chay dong trdi nay ci t a n Riing Sac da khong dat phdo d dau

cd Cac chien si dac cong Riing Sac do Nguyen Hong The chi huy, da 14 Ian r a vao cac 16p rao kho xang Nha Be Co nhiing liic cac anh em l a i luon ban ngay trong vong rao, de nhin can cii dich cho ro, va k h i r u t di r o i trci l a i da thay

chung no 16' nho' ngay cho m i n h da t r u l a i horn triJdc v

Cuo'i cung, dem ngay 2 r a n g sang ngay 3 t h a n g 12 n a m

1973, 8 d i i n g si dac cong la cac anh Voc, Bao, The, RiJc, Si,

M i n h , Tiem, Quan, do H a Giang Voc chi huy, da vao t a n ndi ma chi c6 7 cong n h a n dac biet mdi difdc vao Cac anh

da can t h a n ap t i i n g qua m i n no cham vao t i i n g bon xang, khong sot bon nao, va k h i r i i t r a ciing khong de l a i mot vet tich, giong n h i i mot t r a n phao k i c h vay!

Cau hoi 111: H a y cho biet dien bien tran chien dau giai phong

Q u a n dao TrUdng Sa thang 4 n5m 1975?

Trildi:

N a m 1975, sau chien t h ^ n g cua chien dich Tay Nguyen, t r o n g ke hoach quyet d i n h giai phong hoan toan mien N a m bao gom ca cac dao va quan dao T r i i d n g Sa, Con Lon, P h u Quoc N h i e m v u nay giao cho Quan chiing Hai quan, Quan k h u 5, B i n h chiing Dac cong

Ngay 4 t h a n g 5 n a m 1975, Bo T u lenh H a i quan ha quyet t a m danh chiem Q u a n dao TrUdng Sa: "Bam sat

t i n h h i n h , t r a n h t h i i thdi cd c6 Idi nhat de giai phong qufui

dao, k i e n quyet khong de lUc lUdng nao khac den danh

chiem trufdc dao cua ta" h\ic lu'dng gom cac t a u cua Doan

van t a i quan sii 125, Doan 126 dac cong, Tieu doan 471,

Dac cong K h u 5 va Tieu doan 407, Ivfc Ivfdng dac cong tinh

K h a n h Hoa T h i i tvi muc tieu danh dao Song T i i Tay tru6c,

lam ban dap va r u t k i n h nghiem de danh tiep cac dao

Nam Yet, Sdn Ca, Sinh Ton, A n Bang, Trifdng Sa

Ngay 10 t h a n g 4 n a m 1975, cac t a u 673, 674, 675 T r u n ^

doan 125 cap toe tif H a i Phong vao Da NSng, don cac ddn vi

dac cong len t a u H o i 4 gid sang ngay 11 t h a n g 4, quan ta

rdi quan cang ra khdi Dao Song Tvi Tay each bd 450km

Doan vvfa r a k h d i t h i gap cdn dong 16n Suot ca ngay 11

may bay t r i n h sat dich liidn t r e n dau, doan van cho tau

chay dung 16 t r i n h

Hoi 17 gid ngay 11 t h a n g 4, t a u 673 each dao Song T i i

Tay 3 h a i ly Dich lien tue bin phao sang va sung coi Tau

liidn quanh dao each chifng niia h a i ly roi t a t may, de troi

va quan sat T r e n dao co 16-e6t cam ed bao soc vang, linh

canh gae t u a n t r a , nhieu cong s\i, nha t a m eua dich Tau

ta l u i ra xa, chd doi h i n h chuan b i t a n cong

Hoi 19 gid ngay 13 t h a n g 4, t a u 673 tiep can dao, tau

674 va 675 vong phia hie va n a m dao yem ho L e n h tan

cong phat ra, lap tilc cac xuong, phao ha t h u y , sau chxing

mot gid t h i bo doi tiep can dao Bo doi chia t h a n h 3 m u i , hi

mat tiep can dao Ten l i n h gae t r e n 16-cot soi den xuong

mep nvf6c, biet h i 16, bo doi ta no sung tieu diet

268

D u n g 4 gid 30 p h u t ngay 14 t h a n g 4, t r a n danh bat

(j^u Hoa Ixic cac cd cua ta na t 6 i tap vao t r u n g t a m va 16-c6't chi huy Dich r u t ve phia d6ng de chong c\i Sau 30

phut chien dau, dung 5 gid la cd do sao vang keo len d i n h cot, ta l a m ehii dao Song T i i Tay Dich dieu cac t a u HQ16, HQ402 ra p h a n kich, n h i f n g the t r a n t a n r a , chung quay ve dao N a m Yet, t r u n g t a m quan dao T r i i d n g

Sa de phong t h u Luc nay t r e n vvmg bien T r i i d n g Sa co nhieu t a u va may bay la xuat hien Quan ta tiep tue cung co' liic liJdng, r u t

k i n h nghiem r<

D u n g 4 gid sang ngay 21 t h a n g 4, Ittc lifdng t a n e6ng

ddt 2 hit dau r d i cang Da NSng h a n h quan len dUdng,

chieu ngay 24 t h a n g 4 bo doi den v i t r i tap ket D e m 24 thang 4, t a u 673 d i n h do quan chiem dao N a m Yet, nhifng gap t a u k h u true dich, yeu to' b i mat kh6ng con niia, t a u ta quay ve dao Song T u Tay chd thdi cd

Tau 641 tien ve dao Sdn Ca, luc 21 gid 30 p h u t t h i each dao Sdn Ca h a i h a i ly, Ian t h i i n h a t do bo khong t h a n h

e6ng do niidc chay xiet Chd den luc 23 gid 30 p h u t nxidc

diing, Ian do bo t h i i h a i bat dau, sau 30 p h u t bo doi da dat chan len dao Dich t r e n dao co 4 16-c6't, h a i day nha ton, cac choi canh, quanh co hang rao thep gai Sang ngay 25 thang 4, t r a n danh bat dau Dich t r e n dao ngoan co' chien

tdau c4m cii, n h i i n g sau 2 gid t h i b i bo doi tieu diet, ta l a m

_chii hoan toan dao Sdn Ca Cac t a u t u a n diidng, k h u true cua dich lUdn quanh cac dad n h i f n g kh6ng l a m gi diidc ben quay l a i dao N a m Yet

269

Luc 8 gid 45 phut ngay 26 thang 4, ta hit dUdc dien cua

dich ra lenh cho quan rut khoi dao Nam Yet, Sd chi huy

ta lenh cho tau 673 lap tiitc nho neo Luc 10 gid 30 phiit

ngay 27 thang 4, thay liic lUdng ta 6 at do bo len dao, toan

bo SI quan, binh linh dich hoang loan bo chay Bo doi ta

nhanh chong chiem linh toan bo dao

Cl dao Sinh Ton, sang s6m ngay 27 thang 4 dich bo

chay khoi dao, ngay 28 thang 4 ta lam chu hoan toan dao

Sinh Ton

Hoi 9 gid sang ngay 29 thang 4, phan doi cuoi cung cua

Trung doan 126 dac cong hai quan do bo len hon dao cuoi

cung cua Quan dao TrUdng Sa

Cau hoi 112: T a i cufa ngo Sai G o n thang 4 n3m 1975, de chiem

va giu: mot cay cau then chot n a m tren D i i d n g 1, c6

m6t tran danh cam tu cua bo doi xe tang C h o biet

ten cay cau ay va tran danh cam \Xi ay?

Traldi:

De vao dUdc trung tam Sai Gon, Quan doan 3 phai

vifdt qua diidc Cau Bong Trvfdc k h i tien vao, quan doan

giao nhiem vu chiem va giQ cay cau nay cho Trung doan

273 xe tang Trung doan xac dinh: day la tran then chot

cua liJc lifdng xe tang trUdc ciia ngo Sai Gon, bdi vay

Chinh uy Su doan 10 trvfc tiep giao nhiem vu cam tii

nay cho Dai doi 9, mot dai doi difdc cap tren rat tin

tUdng bdi vifa trai qua nhiing tran chien dau d Buon Ma

Thuot, Dac Pet, Tuy Hoa

Cau Bong n^m tren Dudng 1, bang be tong dai 7m, hai ben ruong nu6c sinh lay Dai doi 9 xe tang dudc trang bi 4

xe tang M48 mdi thu dUdc cua dich Doi hinh cua dai doi gom xe Dai doi trUdng di dau, sau den hai xe cua hai Trung doi trUdng, cuoi cung la xe chinh t r i vien

Doi hinh dang tien qua Cu Chi, gap mot toan linh dich gom hai xe M l 13 tUcing nham dong bon nen chay ra don May ten phcin chi con nhay loan ca len thap phao Chien si

ta quay phao gat dich xuong dat roi dung tieu lien A K tieu diet, quan dich bi bat ngd bo chay tan loan, bo lai nhieu xac chet va hai chiec xe M l 13 bi ta b i n chay

Den gan Cau Bong, Dai doi 9 gap mot doan xe hoc thep dich gom 22 chiec xe M113 t ^ Hau Nghia theo DUdng 8, doan xe dich dang rut ve nhSm co thu, chot tai chan Cau Bong So sanh liic lUdng luc nay bat Idi cho ta, nhUng Dai doi trUcing xac dinh lai quyet tam cho anh em trong dai doi, roi nhanh chong trien khai doi hinh chien dau Mot phUdng an danh dich lifdt rat nhanh trong dau ngiidi Dai doi trUcing: anh phan cong cho xe Chinh t r i vien diet chiec

di C U O I , con xe anh va hai xe Trung dpi trifdng danh vao giiJa dpi hinh

Giao nhiem vu xong, anh phat t i n hieu tien cong Dong chi phao thu tren xe anh da b i n mot phat rat chinh xac vao chiec M l 13 di dau Cung luc do la tieng xe gio cua nhiing qua dan phao, xe cua hai Trung dpi trUdng ban phat nao chic phat ay Quan dich hoang loan, chay ca Xuong rupng liia Co xe tang yem trd, Ivfc lUdng bp binh va

^ac cong bao ve cau tran sang ben kia cau, dung AK va

l i i u dan diet not n h f l n g ten con l a i Ca mot bai chien

t r i i d n g day xac giac va xe M l 13 cua dich, 11 xe dich

boc chay, rieng xe 021 cua T r u n g doi triicing bin chay 7

xe dich

Cau Bong dxiOc giQ-viing, doi h i n h Quan doan 3 trien

k h a i phiidng an tac chien t h u a n Idi Luc Ivfdng thoc sau

cua Quan doan 3 viidt qua Cau Bong, phat t r i e n chien

dau, quet sach dich tii T h a n h Quan N a m den t r u n g tarn

h u a n luyen Quang T r u n g , r o i chiem diidc nga ba Ba Queo

T r a n Cau Bong la t r a n danh c6 hieu suat chien dau

cao, mot trong n h i i n g moc son lich s\i cua B i n h chung

Tang - Thiet giap anh hung

Cau hoi 113: T r e n diidn g tie n qua n vao Sa i G o n , c6 m6t xe

thiet giap K-63 cua ta da xong t h i n g vao giiia doan

xe thiet giap M.113 cua dich O mot tran khac, xe

t3ng T-54 ta da chen xe tSng M.48 dich, ep chiing

vao tudng va b3t song C h o biet ve h a i tran dau

t3ng doc dao nay?

Traldi:

Dem 17 t h a n g 4 n a m 1975, mac du may bay, t a u chien

dich danh chan diidng, dich gai m i n pha cau, n h i i n g Tieu

doan 5 xe t a n g cua ta cung ddn v i ban t i e n cong n h i i vu

bao, danh t a n cac don bot doc diidng h a n h quan, gia^

phong quan ly Phan R i , T u y Phong, Song Mao, Hoa Da

Den r a n g sang ngay 18, doi h i n h t i e u doan den sat t h i

Phan Thiet, doi h i n h cua Tieu doan 5 xe tang d i trifdc go"^

272

mot chiec xe tang va 6 chiec xe t h i e t giap diet bon h'nh giQ

c^u Song Cai, cung Tieu doan 4 t r a n vao t h i xa Toan bo binh dich t a n ra, ta chiem san bay, d i n h t i n h triidng, giai phong nha nguc Phan Thiet T a i t r u n g t a m t h i xa, xe t h i e t giap so 146 cua ta phat hien 3 chiec xe thiet giap M-113

cua dich dang til trong ngo lao ra pho dinh chan xe ta,

xe 146 lap tiic lao thang vao xe dich, l i n h dich t r e n xe khiep sd phai dau hang

M d sang ngay 30 t h a n g 4, T r u n g doan Bo b i n h 24 (Sii doan 10) va Tieu doan 1 xe tang den gan nga t u Bay Hien

Dich cho xe tang ra chan va tap t r u n g cac loai hoa hlc hin

vao doi h i n h quan ta, may bay dich nem bom biia bai tijf

nga tif Bay H i e n , cdng so 5 san bay, nga ba Ba Queo den

T r u n g tarn h u a n luyen Quang T r u n g , dong thdi mot tieu

doan du dich tvi trong Sai Gon ra phan kich D a i doi 7 bo

binh cua ta difdc 8 xe tang, t h i e t giap yem t r d dot k i c h md

difdng n h u n g vSn chiia tien l e n dUdc Do hoa liic ngan

chan cua dich manh, ta chua n a m v i i n g dia h i n h va ITJC

lUdng dich, l a i chi tien cong t r e n mot true difdng nen b i

ton t h a t Sau do, bo b i n h ta md them mot m u i ve hifdng

Benh vien " V i dan", thoc vao sxibn dich

Chinh t r i vien dai doi xe tang Nguyen X u a n Trifdng chi

huy ddn v i tao bao md mot m u i dot kich m a n h b i n g xe

tang nhkm chi vien d i e hie cho bo b i n h , anh da hy sinh

anh diing, hanh dong cua anh da co v i i ddn v i diing cam Xong len danh thSng vao doi h i n h dich phan kich Liic nay,

tang so 985 bi hong phao, xe tang dich lai d cu ly qua

gan, t r i i d n g xe lenh cho l a i xe lao vao doi h i n h xe tang

dich Chiec xe tang M.48 dich hoang sd quay ngang bo len

via he Xe 985 lao theo, ep sat chiec xe tang M.48 dich vao

tildng L i n h dich trong xe phai md c^a xe chui ra x i n hang

Xe 985 tiep tuc xung pjiong

Ciu hoi 114: C o ha i trifdng hdp chie n si qua n k h i trong Iiic

b3n thut sung, da tan dung thdi cd b i n rdi may bay

phan hie cua dich H a y ke ve nhiing loat dan doc

dao nay?

Trildi:

Quan k h i la ngiidi chuyen s\ia chiia sung phao cua ddn

v i Tut cap dai doi t r d len deu c6 to quan k h i , Ban Quan

k h i , Phong quan khi^v.v chuyen theo doi t i n h t r a n g boat

dong cua tijfng k h a u sung, k h a u phao M 6 i mot Ian siia

chiJa xong, quan k h i dUdc phep b i n thxi dan t h a t , dong

thdi ban giao l a i cho phao t h u

T r i i a ngay 3 t h a n g 2 n a m 1971, t a i ki-16-met 8E, difdng

Ho C h i M i n h phia tay T r i i d n g Sdn, to quan gi6i cua Tieu

doan 123 gom 2 dong chi: Chu Ba Tien, thd siia phao cua

Tieu doan va Nguyen B i n h V6, quan k h i D a i doi 22, dang

tap t r u n g chiJa k h a u sung may phong khong 12,7

ly-chuan h i ban giao cho D a i doi 22 Cung luc, mot top hai

chiec F.4D cua khong quan M y t\i hiidng tay bay vao dang

boat dong t r e n t u y e n h a n h lang 559 Sau k h i chiia sung

xong, hai anh viia b i n thijt loat t h i i n h a t t h i cCing la Wc

nghe thay tieng dong cd top may bay dich nay M o t chiec

F4.D bay thap bat ngd xuat hien trong t a m n h i n cua hai chien si Vong ludn t h i i nhat cua no bay t r i n h sat tuyen DUdng C, Dudng E K h i chiec F4.D viia vao vong n g i m , hai chien si lien b i n mot diem xa M a y bay dich mat h u t tren khoang trdi day m i i kho Phan doan may bay dich c6 the se vong l a i , hai anh Tien va Vo quay nong sung ve phia - dong b i c chd ddi Qua nhien, sau tieng dong cd xe gio, hai anh phat hien chiec F.4D vong l a i d do cao thap

Do da chuan h i , may bay dich n h a n h chong n i m trong

k i n h n g i m k h a u sung 12,7 ly Loat diem xa dai gom 16 tieng no vang len Ca h a i chien si ngoanh l a i n h i n , deu khong nghe thay tieng dong cd may bay dich nQa T h i ra chiec F.4D nay b i t r u n g dan mat dieu k h i e n da dam vao niii da H a i anh N g u y i n B i n h Vo, Chu Ba Tien dUdc tang thifdng H u a n chiidng Chien cong hang Ba

Mot triidng hdp nQa, ngUdi chien si thd siia chuia phad Bui M a n h Quy t a n dung cd hoi b i n r d i may bay dich: Sang ngay 13 t h a n g 6 n a m 1971, t r u n g si B i i i M a n h Quy viia siia chuta xong mot k h a u phao 23 ly A n h x i n phep T r a m trUdng diidc b i n t h i i m6t loat n g i n de k i e m t r a do chinh xac cua phao, triidc k h i ban giao cho ddn v i , roi anh nap 14 vien dan vao bang, ba Ian dat ban chan vao c6 sung t h i ca

ba Ian Quy r u t chan ve, anh chifa muon b i n , anh thay tieng tiec n h i i n g vien dan anh s i p b i n di: "Cha nhe m i n h

b i n mot loat dan chi de thvf sung khong thoi li? M o i vien

<ian vao den day ton biet bao mo hoi, xiidng mau, t h i phai dung sao cho t h a t hieu qua" N g h l vay, anh quyet d i n h

^hd k h i may bay bay qua k h u wxic mdi b i n , cho du khong

triing thi cung doa cho th^ng giac lai mot me Quy quay

nong phao ve phia khe nui, don 15ng Day la difdng bay

quen thuoc cua bon giac lai may bay trinh sat Co dinh

tam, hii6ng xong xuoi, Qui ngoi ngay ng^n ben sung kien

tri chd ddi

B6ng ta ning xa vong ve tieng dong cd phan Ivfc i am, vj;

roi mot cham den xuat hien dau khe niii "Day roi!", Quy lam

bam mot minh va dan mat vao kinh n g i m , chd cho muc tieu

vao dung tam b i n , dap c6 Mifdi bon vien dan vach mot

difdng sang trong khong khi nhanh manh nhii mot dildng

gifdm That bat ngd, diidng gUdm ay da chem cut dau mot

chiec may bay trinh sat phan liic RF-4C Con ma

Cau hoi 115: Phao cao xa b5n dem, chi "ngim" b^ng tai theo

tieng dong cof, ma b5n trung may bay dich Ban

biet gi ve tran danh c6 mot khong hai nay?

Traldi:

Thang 11 nam 1971, Dai doi 1 (Tieu doan 21, Trung

doan cao xa 224) lam nhiem vu bao ve giao thong tren

tuyen Difdng 20 phia dong Triidng Sdn, tai ngam Ta Le

Dem 20 thang 11, dai doi nhan lenh bao ve doan xe

dang liiu thong qua trong diem Hoi 19 gid 4 phut, trinh

sat phat hien c6 tieng dong cd may bay dich Toan ddn vi

sSn sang chien dau cao Tieng dong cd may bay dich to

dan, roi am am tren dau B6ng sang b t o g len, liic nay may

bay dich da tha phao sang, liidn vong quanh trong

diem-Tieng dong cd ngay cang ro, dich khep nho vong W*^"

276

chuan bi bo nhao xuong nem bom Kinh nghiem nhieu nam chien dau tren chien trifdng cho biet, khi tieng dong

cd dang am am bong lang di, day la luc may bay bat dau

bo nhao, bdi vi no giam thieu cong suat dong cd, giam toe

do de on dinh difdng bay trong luc dang lao xuong Vila, luc

tieng dong cd bat dau lang, Dai doi triidng ho khau lenh

nham vao ndi do, dong thdi ho cac khau doi dong loat ban

Bong mot dom Itfa loe len roi bung to, no tiep tuc bay va

ha dan do cao Do la chiec may bay ciidng kich phan hie

F.4 bi trung dan, rdi each tran dia 15km

Cau hoi 116: Tren chien tnidng Cam-pu-chia, mot chien si tra

hang da dung sung A K ban rOi tai ch6 may bay trvrc thang dich Ban cho biet ve tam gifdng thong minh, gan da nay?

Traldi:

Anh la Dao Ngoc Cii, sinh nam 1949, nhap ngii nam

1967 Ngay ttf khi huan luyen tren thao trifdng mien Bac, khi ban dan that Sling bo binh, anh dat 29/30 diem va dUdc thucing phep Vao chien trUdng, anh thuoc ddn vi Dai

doi 17, Trung doan 421, Sii doan 7, chien dau ttf Tay

Nguyen, Dong Nam Bo den Cam-pu-chia

Thang 6 nam 1970, trinh sat bao ve: c6 liic lUdng dich

rat lan dang co cum d Sum Chup, chuan hi riit ve Sai Gon, lap tile Dao Ngoc Cii phu trach nam to gom 15 chien

SI, dufdc ba con Viet kieu va Campuchia giiip d3, dua

^gUdi va vu khi len xe tai, xe lam, nguy trang bang hoa

^Ua, bap cai, ca chua roi dang hoang qua trii6c mat dich,

den tiep can cii diem dich Cac a n h dung 5 t r a i hoa tien

H52, nguyen la H12 dude cai t i e n t a n g siic cong pha len

r a t 16n, bo t r i t r a n dia each dich khoang 800m D u n g gid

G, ca 5 t r a i dong loat phong t r u n g vao eil diem NhQng

tieng no long t r d i lei dat day len, t r o n g cii diem nay c6 207

xe tang, 165 k h a u phao, hang t r a m xe keo phao v6i hang

ngan t e n dich

T h a n g 3 n a m 1971, dae cong ta danh dich d D a m Be,

Oat-thd-may, k h i e n dich r u t chay A n h eung phan doi

phao D K Z phuc k i c h danh ehan Chd chiec dau c d n each

200m, anh b^n k h a i hoa, lap ttrc ca phan doi dong loat nha

dan, t r a n nay ta bin chay 6 xe t a n g dich

M o t Ian khae, anh eung h a i dong ehi di dieu t r a nghien

ciiu dich d Lo Do K h i den doan sinh lay t h i bat ngd gap

may bay trtfc thang dich A n h v i y tay r a hieu cho hai

dong chi vot vao riing, con m i n h t h i buoc k h a n t r d n g vao

dau S l i n g A K , r a hieu dau hang Dich t r e n may bay mSc

Ilia, dang ha do cao xuong don t h i anh giiJdng sung ban

lien ba loat r o i phong t h a n g vao rvfng, dai quan sat cua ta

xac n h a n chiec triic thang nay h i r d i

Trong t r a n danh ehan dich tiep vien cho B i n h Long,

Phifdc Long ngay 17 thang 4 n a m 1972, ddn v i anh gianh

giat v6i dich ttfng thxidc dat, tvfng thifdc difdng A n h ban

chay 2 chiec xe 6 to GMC, mot chiec xe t a n g dich em ci mot

ho dat bin anh nhUng trUdt, anh hen quay nong phao vao

no va an c6 Chiec xe t a n g lap ttfc hoc chay Tay t r a i bi

thiidng dap nat, r a nhieu mau, anh ngat di Dong chi y t ' l

bo den bang bo t h i mot qua dan phong l i i u M 7 9 no nga.^'

'^c\ia h a m , m a n h gam khap ngifdi anh A n h tiifng c6 t h a n h tich ban r d i 2 may bay, ban chay 10 xe tang, xe cd gi6i

^ieh

Sau h a i t h a n g dieu t r i , Dao Ngoc CvL trci ve ddn v i ,

nhan h a i danh hieu D u n g si diet cd gidi, mot danh hieu

D u n g S I quyet thang, mot H u a n chudng Chien cong giai

phong hang Ba

Cau hoi 117: T r o n g cac anh hung liet si Q u a n giai phong mien

N a m , ai difcrc v i n h d u mang ten Phan Dinh Giot mien Naml

Tram-Bo la anh h u n g liet si Trijf V a n Tho A n h sinh n a m

1936, que ci xa T h a n h Ha, huyen Cai Lay, t i n h Tien Giang, anh t h a m gia du kich dia phudng ttf n a m 1961 trong phong trao Dong Khdi T h a n g 4 n a m 1962 anh nhap ngii Quan giai phong mien N a m , sau k h i hoc xong 16p

t r i n h sat, anh diidc bo sung vao Ddn v i dae cong Q272

A n h difde giao n h i e m v u t r i n h sat t i m phUdng an danh bot Cay Trifdng, hot nay n a m d v i t r i an ngiJ Diidng 13 va khu T a m giac D i n h Dien - Cam Xe - V a n HxJu, huyen Ben Cat, t i n h Song Be Bot c6 5 Idp rao thep gai, la ndi xuat Phat ciia bon biet kich d i can quet chien k h u Long Uyen Cong viee t r i n h sat vat va gian n a n keo dai hang t h a n g ti^cii, anh luon miet m a i ngay dem nghien cijfu k y ke dich

Ngay 18 t h a n g 10 n a m 1963, gid no sung da den Trvi

^fin Tho dUde giao n h i e m v u cting to chii cong danh vao

khu CO thu, tren 16-cot nay con c6 phao dai cao 7m Do tran

d a n h bao dam yeu to bat n g d nen sau loat bpc pha dau

tien ta da d a n h sap 16-cot B va C Rieng khu A c6 16-cot c6

thu, ta day dich ban ra rat manh liet Tren hiidng chu yeu

nay, nhieu chien si bi^thifdng, trong do c6 2 to vien cua

anh bi thiWng, mot hy sinh, chi con lai mot minh anh Tru

Van Tho" quan sat t i m difdng tien len roi 6m hoc pha trufdn

len phia triidc. Trong loat dan trung lien bin ra c6 mot

vien xuyen vao dui anh Mac, anh nghien rang chiu dvfng

tiep tuc le d^n len cho ky diidc, roi ap sat boc pha vao

16-c6t Mot tieng no am vang, cot Ivia hoc len, 16-c6t lang

tieng S l i n g vai giay, roi ngay sau do t\i 16 c h a u mai, sung

may dich lai tiep tuc nha dan

Trxi Van Tho' rut lu6n hai trai liiu dan nem vao 16 chau

mai, nhiing hoa Itfc dich vSn kh6ng ngvfng bin ra Anh

rang chiu d a u ddn, bo d a n len roi bat n g d bat day, lac

ngiidi vao 16 chau mai, bit kin hong sung may cua dich

Phut choc ca ddn vi ao at xong len tieu diet bon dich con

ngoan c6'

Khi ta lam chu chien trUdng va thu don tran d i a , giai

quyet thiidng binh, tii si, kiem tra tdi 16-c6t chinh, thay ca

hai chan liet si Trtf Van Tho dap t h i n g vao trong mieng

16-cot, dau va nUa ngifdi (i ben ngoai bit k i n 16 chau mai,

tren ngvTdi anh rat nhieu vet d a n

Trtf Van Tho difdc Uy ban Trung lidng Mat tran giai

phong mien Nam truy tang Huan chUdng Quan c6ng giai

phong h a n g Ba, va difdc phong t a n g d a n h hieu Anh hung

Luc liidng vu trang nhan dan giai phdng

kh6ng CO ten, dufdi chan doi c6 con su6i La La chay quanh

De bao ve kho dan, mot tieu doi 10 ngiidi diidc ghep tijf cac

ddn vi, do Trung doi trnidng Biii Ngoc Dii lam Tieu doi tnfdng Phat hien thay moi nguy hiem, sang sdm ngay 28

thang 2, dich dieu mot lUc liidng My gom mot tieu doan,

do bo vao khu viic kho

Tieu doi quyet tam c6'' glng giii bi mat kho dan den

cting, nhifng roi dich cung tien den sat tuyen phong ngU

ciia ta Chi v6i 10 tay siing bo binh, Tieu doi BOii Ngoc Du chien dau rat anh diing va miiu tri, da danh lui diidc 15

ddt tan c6ng, diet 200 ten, va dieu quan trong la giii diidc

an toan bi mat kho dan phao ciia Trung doan

Tran nay tieu doi h y sinh 2 dong chi, ca 10 chien si dUdc phong tang danh hieu Dung si diet My cap itu tu

(diet tren 20 linh My), rieng Biii Ngoc Du ban h a 48 ten

Cac chien si tieu doi anh con mang ten Diing si 1 thang 20

281

Chien cong nay gop phan quan trong vao t r a n phao

kich ciia T r u n g doan 84B vao Can cH 241, t r a n phao kich

nay ta diet khoang 1.500 dich, pha huy 22 k h a u trong

phao, pha hiiy, gay thiet h a i tdi 80% kho tang, doanh t r a i

dich, trong do c6 cong bao ve kho dan cua Tieu doi B u i

Ngoc D u

Sau do dung si B i i i Ngoc D u t r d t h a n h Tieu doan pho

thuoc T r u n g doan 675 phao b i n h , anh ciing t r u n g doan

t h a m gia chien dich difdng DUdng 9 - N a m Lao n a m 1971,

Chien dich D^c To - Tan Canh n a m 1972

Cau hoi 119: NgUOi chien si nao difdc g9i la A n h h u n g L a V a n

C a u D u o n g 9?

TraWi:

Ngay 13 thang 1 n a m 1968, n h a n difdc lenh cua Bo chi

huy chien dich, T r u n g doan 7 cong b i n h c6 nhiem v u bao

dam cd dong cho xe tang tu: ban Dong den H u o i San Doan

diidng nay dai 15km dUdng r a i nhvfa, c6 5 cau go dai

8 - 12m T a t ca deu h i i hong nang, c6 gianh, cay xau ho

moc day, m i n bo b i n h cac loai dich r a i t h a n h tifng bai dai

2 k m day dac Thdi gian t h i cong r a t gap, phai hoan thanh

trong vong mot t u a n , triJdc ngay k i e m t r a cong tac chuan

bi chien dich, n h i i n g khong diidc dung bpc pha liidng

no 16n, l a m den dau nguy t r a n g k i n den do, tuyet doi gui

bi mat

T r i n h sat cua Tieu doan 1 vv(a tiep can Difdng 9 da

thiidng vong ca to, trong do c6 t h a m m i i u pho t i e u doan va

Dai doi trvfdng Nguyen X u a n Khoat, k h i e n cong tac chuan

bi chien t r i i d n g gap kho k h a n v i dich rao riet canh phong, lap them nhieu choi canh, vong gac, t u n g m i n cai kh^p ndi Quan ta phai nguy t r a n g theo kieu h'nh dac cong, ban ngay tiep can quan sat dich va thao gd m i n , ban dem diia thuoc no, dao ho" m i n de md difdng t r a n h qua bon cau bi hif hong N h i e u bai m i n da thao gd difdc, chi con l a i khoang 500m sat don dich v i vUdng cac choi canh cua dich, t r u n g doan da de ra phifdng an se sii dung 3 t r u n g doi t r a n g bi ong boc pha, don sach trong 60 phut

Ngay 22 va 23 t h a n g 1 nam 1968, Bo chi huy chien dich lenh cho T r u n g doan 7 cong b i n h diia bo doi vao t r a n g thai san sang chien dau, md ciia cho phao b i n h vao tran dia du b i va dam bao cho dai doi xe tang gom 8 chiec PT-76 vao v i t r i xuat phat, chuan b i t a n cong

K h i Tieu doan 1 vac v i t r i dU b i t h i mot t i n h huong bat ngd xay ra: mot so chien si khong biet tu: ddn v i nao qua lai l u n g tung, nau nifdng boc khoi M a y bay dich phat hien thay, lien tuc gioi bom suot 2 tieng dong ho Rat may Tieu doan 1 da k i p r u t l u i trifdc do g4n mot gid

T r u n g doan quyet d i n h T r u n g doi 1 cua B i i i Ngoc Dudng va T r u n g doi 2 Idi dung dam chay lau say t r e n Dudng 9 dang khoi boc m i t m u , viidt cau Cha K y len r a i boc pha, theo phifdng an da d i n h

Luc 1 gid ngay 24 t h a n g 1 n a m 1968, k h i phao cua ta d cac phia tay - bic, phia n a m dang b i n cap tap vao H u o i

San, bo doi cong b i n h bat dau diem hoa pha m i n t r e n mat

dUdng, pha vat can md dUdng t r a n h Trong k h i cuoc dau Phao d i i doi giCia ta va dich dang d i l n ra t h i t r e n mat dUdng, cac cd t r u n g lien, dai lien cua dich b i n ra xoi xa

Doi h i n h kh&c phuc m i n cua D a i doi 1 bi hoa lUc dich gay

thUdng vong, nhiJng ngiidi trUdc nga xuo'ng, ngifdi sau

xong len ,

Den 3 gid, trong k h i phao cua h a i ben giam dan cifdng

do, n h i i n g t r e n mat dijdng, sung du loai, du cd cua dich

van ban n h i i mxia Mac d u bi thiidng vong nhieu nhifng

D a i doi 1 da pha sach cac bai m i n , D a i doi 2 md dUdng den

chiec cau so' 4 Cong b i n h mci dUdng den dau lap tiic xe

tang ta tiep can den do

L a i mot t i n h huong phiic tap dien ra: gan cuoi dvfdng

tiep can c6 mot ben loi nxidc sau, bun lay, trong k h i do

cuoc xeng, boc pha het, doi h i n h cua ca h a i dai doi deu da

bi thiJdng vong nhieu T r u n g doan quyet d i n h dieu D a i doi

8, Tieu doan 3 bo sung cho Tieu doan 1, dong thdi cac to

chiic dang hop chdp nhoang, cung c6' t i n h t h a n quyet tarn

cho cac chien si

Liic 4 gid, t r e n chang diidng cuo'i ciing, T r u n g doi 1

bang qua bom dan, cac 6'ng boc pha no t u n g hang rao day

thep gai, tao nen h a i ciia mci c6 cam coc dau an toan Xe

t a n g PT-76 gam len, lao t h a n g vao don giac, the nhiJng bo

b i n h van chiia theo len k i p Lap tile B u i Ngoc Diiong,

T r u n g dpi t r i i d n g T r u n g doi 1 n h a n h nhen n h i i con thoi,

dung cam m i i u t r i chi huy t r u n g doi cCing xe tang xung

phong diet giac

Liic 5 gid 30 p h u t ngay 24 t h a n g 1 n a m 1968, quan ta

da l a m chu don H u o i San Den 6 gid, t u y t r d i da sang

n h i i n g sUdng m u con bao phu, cac may bay t n i c thang,

phan luc ciia dich tu: nhieu hiidng keo den dien cuong ban

pha B u i Ngoc Dudng lad len xe tang sii dung sung 12,7 ly

bin t r a , may bay dich voi va wot len Cung liic do anh bi

284

thUdng, canh tay t r a i gan d i l t h&n A n h yeu cau cat canh tay va tiep tuc chien dau T a m giidng chien dau diing cam

cua Difdng cang lam tang k h i the diet t h u cua cac chien si

Bo ddi ta da tieu diet va lam t a n r a 360 ten nguy Lad, t h u

nhieu v i i k h i , dan dUdc, quan trang, quan dung

Trdng niem v u i chien t h ^ n g , khong chi T r u n g doan 7

cong b i n h , m a t a t ca can bo, chien si bo b i n h , xe tang, phao b i n h deu thiJdng tiec k h i nghe t i n T r u n g dpi triidng,

chuan uy - ky sii Bvii Ngoc Dudng, chang t r a i H a Noi,

trong ddi thiidng thuy m i , d i u dang n h i i cdn gai, n h i i n g trong chien dau t h i vd cung kien cUdng, diing m a n h , da hy

sinh t a i benh xa tien phiidng

C i u hoi 120: Co mot trUdng hdp duy nhat siing tieu lien A K

da b3n rdi may bay n e m bom B-57 cua My Cho

biet trUdng hop nay?

Tra loi:

Day la chien cdng cua m6t chien si hau can thudc

T r u n g doan 280, nam 1968 dong t a i mien Tay Q u a n g

B i n h , T r u n g doan n h a n nhiem v u bao ve tuyen diidng ciia

khau vad chien trifdng Ban hau can c6 trong mot ray san

d xa Hong Sdn S i n mdi l a m cii non, Idn rijfng da ked nhau tifng dan r a u i , pha V i the dem nad thiidng si Hoang V a n Dung Cling phai di canh r^y Len r^y bao gid anh ciing rnang theo mot k h a u A K day ap dan, anh thiidng ndi dua vdi a n h em t r d n g Ban: "He nghe sung nd, cac anh cii ngUdi

len r a y k h e n h Idn Idi ve an t h i t "

Horn ay l a mot dem t r a n g rSm, sang va dep Tuy biet l<?n rvfng khong may k h i di sue sao trong dem t r a n g the

285

nay nhifng Dung v i n khoac sung len ray Dang dao quanh

r^y skn, Dung bong nghe tieng bom bi no ran ngoai ben

pha Xuan Sdn Roi mot chiec B-57 bay thap nhxi "bo" sat

ngon cay, bay t h i n g ve phia Dung Chiec may bay la thap

qua, trong lu lu nhxi canh phan Lap tiic anh diing dang

chan thu the va ty chSfc sung vao vai roi keo mot diem xa

dai Chiec B-57 bay qua, quat gio mat riJdi tren dau Dung

Nhvfng Dung nhin theo mai ching thay no ngoc dau len o

hiidng nao ca Sang hom sau, anh em trinh sat nhin thay

xac chiec B-57 trong mot bia rijfng Canh va bung no 16 cho

vet dan sung bo binh

Loai may bay B-57 con che tao trvLdc loai B-52, day la

loai may bay nem bom hang nhe ten la can-be-ra, 2 dpng

CO, toe do bay cham, liidng bom mang khong 16n Trong

cuoc chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Ian thii nhat

(1964-1968), ban dem chung thiidng bay thap, lat leo, tha bom

na-pan, bom b i theo toa do d nhiJng vung thuoc Quan khu

4 Tren chien triJdng chung thiidng bay top 5 chiec, moi

chiec chi mang khoang 3 tan bom Do hieu qua kem: da

mang i t bom, bay cham, nen tif nam 1970 khong quan My

loai bo hkn loai nay

Cau hoi 121: Mot xa thu ten lua A-72, vdi quyet tarn cai tien vu

k h i de nang cao hieu suat chien dau da diioic

phong Anh hung Luc Iitaing vu trang nhan dan

D o la ai?

Traldi:

Tai Mat tran Binh Long, ngay 11 thang 5 nam 1972,

mot phan doi ten lUa phong khong vac vai A-72 cua bp dpi

ta Ian dau tien vao tran, hkn khong rdi may bay dich, lai

con bi dich quay lai phan ttng danh tra khien bp dpi

thiidng vong, dieu nay lam xa thu Tran Van Xuan cOmg

dong dpi tran trci suy nghi rat nhieu

Theo ly thuyet chuyen gia Lien X P giang day, dieu

kien thao tac hkn dan ten liia A-72 la b i n nang re tien

hanh trudc khi phong 1 giay, theo do dpng tac nang re nay

la thoi quen ifdc lifdng cua moi xa thu, chil khong an dinh

cho tiifng kieu loai muc tieu may bay dich cu the Tran Van Xuan cho r i n g , day chinh la diem yeu cd ban ve ky thuat

ca nhan ciia tijfng xa thu, anh hifdng tdi hieu suat chien

dau Anh tham khao may n g i m ciia sung may phong khong 12,7 ly, ket hdp v6i dieu kien thao tac b i n ten liia

A-72, til do anh che' tao mot bp "khung diem don" cho vii

khi nay Bang b i n ten liia A-72 ma Ban trang bi deu ling

vdi tham so' Idn, ma thxic te chien dau t h i muc tieu thUdng

bay ngay tren dau, vdi tham so' gan nhii b i n g "0" Neu ap dung may moc bang b i n , d i n den qua tai vien dan, hieu suat diet muc tieu thap B i n g nhiing kien thiic toan hpc, anh lap lai "bang b i n mdi" de phu hdp vdi thUc te may bay

dich Sau nhieu ngay dem nghien cilu, tinh toan, kiem tra

vdi thUc te, Anh de xuat y kien che tao "khung diem don",

y kien nay difdc de dat trinh bay vdi Ban chi huy dai dpi, nhiing khong diidc chap thuan Khong nan long, anh v i n nung nau tam huyet vdi y tifdng nay, quyet b i n rdi may

bay dich

Thang 10 nam 1973, Dai dpi 3 tham gia chien dich Bii

Bong, Kien Diic, tieu dpi cua anh phoi thupc mvii Tieu dean 2 - Trung doan 205 Anh l i p "khung diem don" cho

Xa thii de thiic hanh bin, nhifng khong difdc chap nhan va

bi each chiic Tieu doi triidng, dieu ve can cii lam cong tac

hau can

(3 hau cii, hang ngay chiing kien may bay dich hoanh

hanh, long anh nhii Ixia dot Vula lam nhiem vu tiep liidng,

Anh vifa theo doi sat tac chien ngoai tran dia, ngay dem

tinh toan, kiem tra lai bang bin va khung bin don, van

dung quy t i c xa kich, quan he gifla vung phong dan va

viing sat thiidng, t\i do tim thdi gian bin cho phu hdp v6i

tijfng loai toe do may bay, van dung he thiic tarn giac liidng

de tim c\i ly phong cho hieu qua v.v

Co Ian ra t r a n dia, anh thay mot dong chi dung het

sach nguon pin ma vlin khong the bat diidc muc tieu,

khien anh cang t r a n trd. Mot dip may den: k h i Dai doi

trUdng di vfing, anh xin Trung doi trUdng dvfdc sii dung

"khung diem don" de ban may bay dich, va dUdc chap

thuan Sang ngay 20 thang 12 nam 1973, tai chua Siing

B\lc, mot top may bay dich gom 13 chiec triic thang UH-1

dang bay t6i Anh dilng doi dien muc tieu, md nguon dien,

n a n g re sung, lay Ivfdng don tren "khung diem don" cua

minh roi bop c6 Q u a dan phong len, sau mot doan rdi tu

do, tang toe lao thSng vao giiJa doi hinh dich Mot chiec

triJc thang rdi ngay irxidc mat each tran dia 1.000 met

Bon con lai phong roc-ket bvfa bai roi ehuon thing Dong

doi red mufng, ddn vi diidc Chi huy mat tran giii th\ khen

The nhiing hdm sau, mot phan doi A-72 d Dijfc Kien da

b i n het sau qua dan ma khong rdi may bay dich, bdi

chung da thay doi ky thuat va chien thuat: cai tien 6ng

phut, dung cau Itfa, phao sang, bay vong cua hep v.v

Triia ngay 26 thang 12 nam 1973, tai chua Sung

hai chiec may bay cifdng kich phan \\ic A-37 thay nhau

288

n e m bom vao c a n cut ta Quan sat quy luat dUdng bay, a n h

ha quyet tam va xui danh Mot chiec chu quan luc bo nhao

thap, luc bay l e n t h i chao dao canh de danh lHa hudng

liidn Anh binh tinh n a n g re, dung 14 giay t h i phong dan:

m a y b a y dich v i i a bo nhao bat dau ngoc l e n lUdn vong t h i trung dan Day la chiec A-37 dau tien bi ban rdi tai Mat tran Bu Bong, Kien Dijfe , 3

Ket thue chien dich cung la luc mien Bae diia vao chien triidng Loc Ninh loai ten liia A-72M cai tien, c6 que n a n g re

mdi, nhung van khong c6 "khung diem don", neu lap "khung diem don" cua chien si Tran Van Xuan vao thi vCfa kbit

Thang 11 n a m 1974, trong Hoi nghi rut kinh nghiem chien da'u cua Tieu doan 172, sang kien "khung diem don"

cua a n h dUdc Hoi dong cong n h a n Tiif do, mo h i n h n a y difdc v a n dung trong thuc te chien dau Thang 3 n a m

1974, Tran Van Xuan diidc c h i dinh l a m Chinh t r i vien dai

doi 3 Ddn vi a n h b a n rdi nhieu m a y bay dich, trong do

rieng anh ban rdi 8 chiec Dai doi 3 va Tieu doan 172 cung Tran Van Xuan dUdc phong Anh hiing LiXc liCOng vu trang nhan ddn

Cau hoi 122: Tren Tuyen van tai quan su 559, chien si van tai

Nguyen Viet Sinh da lap ky luc ve so ki-I6-met gui thd Hay ke ve anh va ky luc tren?

Trilai:

Trong khoang 6 nam (1961 - 1967) giii tho hang tren

dUdng Triidng Sdn, Nguyen Viet Sinh v6i than hinh nho

be, cao gay da viidt chang diidng tong cong bang ngildi di

bo vong quanh trai da't!

D a u nam 1961, anh nhap ngu txi que hifdng N a m Dan,

roi len xe k i n m u i chay thAng mot mach vao lang Ho,

Quang T r i , bien che vao T r u n g doan 70 van t a i Day 1^

thdi k y diidng giao lien con trong b i mat, moi biidc chan

deu dat t r e n mot 16'i mon, ngUdi d i sau cung c6 nhiem vu

xoa dau vet K h i viidt DUdng 9 c6 doan phai chui qua cong,

CO doan vifdt t r e n mat diidng phai t r a i t a m ni-16ng de budc

chan qua khong de l a i dau vet gi Noi vcti n h a u chi t h i

ihim vao t a i , t h o i quen nay den noi sau may n a m het thdi

k y bi mat r o i ma van khong the quen noi to diJdc

Co thdi k y dai bo doi p h a i c h i u doi ret, nguyen nhan

do bi l u t tac diidng, cac anh p h a i an mang tru: bQa, va

gan nvta t h a n g khong he biet den v i m a n cua muoi Them

muoi den n6i k h i dong chi Pho tvf lenh Doan t i m gap va

t a n g m6i anh em mot lo muo'i nho, khong ke het cam giao

sung sii6ng

Sang sang cac anh di tii deo 800 sang deo C l , don

hang r o i gui chuyen cho b i n h t r a m tiep theo N e u la

difdng n u i doc t h i moi ngay d i khoang 17km, con dUdng

bang t h i d i difdc 20km Co n h i e u t h a n g cac anh mang

hang t r e n v a i du ca 30 ngay Doc cao den tiic ngiic, di

khong kheo chan ngifdi trifdc dap len toe ngiidi sau, vay

ma t r e n lifng ngUdi nao ciing gui t i i 40 den 50kg K y luc

cao n h a t cua Nguyen V i e t S i n h la giii 75kg, con c6 chien

si dan toe Pa Co gui t 6 i hdn mot ta

Ke tif k h i nhap ngii cho t 6 i liic bi thiidng trong k h i san

lap ho bom d Ta Khong dau nam 1966, hau n h u Nguyen

Viet Sinh khong 6'm va n g h i ngay nao Sau t r a n bom do,

ph^u t h u a t xong, anh l a i ve ngay b i n h t r a m d Mifdng P h i n

tiep tuc cong viec cua m i n h Kiiong chi gui, tho hang, anh

con l a m cac cong viec hoc vac, di be mang , cong viec nao cua binh t r a m anh ciing deu c6 mat Thang 1 nam 1967,

ngay tren tuyen giao lien 559, Nguyen Viet Sinh diidc phong

tang danh hieu Anh hiing Lite litOng vu trang nhdn dan

Cau hoi 123: Ban biet gi ve nhiing kho k h a n , gian kho cua b6

doi ta tren chien trUdng T a y N g u y e n (Mat tran B3) trong n a m 1969?

Traldi:

M u a he nam 1969, tong lifdng thiic dii triJ c u a ca chien trifdng Tay Nguyen chi du nuoi bo doi trong mot tuan

Diidng n h i i tat ca he thong kho tang deu trong rong So"

lifdng thiic, thiJc pham tii mien Bac khong vao diidc, hoac

rat nho giot do dich danh pha giao thong, nen nam 1969 chi

nhan diidc khoang 30% Dong bao Tay Nguyen ciing bi doi

Dich cung rao r i e t thiJc hien gidnh dan song song vcti

gidnh dat, gidnh ray, gidnh ruong, coi muc tieu t r i e t pha nguon cung cap liidng thvtc cua ta la mot trong nhiJng muc

tieu chien li/cfc cua chung, ke ca dung bom phao, chat doc

hoa hoc

Trong t i n h h i n h nguon tiep te liidng thvfc can kiet, t i c

nghen n h i i vay, bo doi chien t r i i d n g Tay Nguyen viia phai

lo toan cho m i n h , vvTa phai cung cap lifdng thtfc, thiJc

pham cho cac dcfn vi khdch di qua Ddn v i khdch hdnh

^^ng tvLc l a Bo di cong tac, thiJdng benh b i n h tii Chien

trudng N a m Bo r a hau phiidng mien BSLC v a ngUdc l a i

c h i e n dau , s a n x u a t LvTc l i f d n g n a y k h o n g n h o , v i e c

c h u y e n q u a n c u n g k h o n g d d n g i a n , v a du:dc v i l a mot cuoc

tap ket ( n h u s a u H i e p n g h i G i d - n e - v d n a m 1954) Idn thvt

hai N h f l n g t h i i d n g b i n h k h o n g di difdc p h a i c a n g , m d i

c a n g p h a i c6 bo'n n g U d i k h i e n g , q u a b i e t b a d doc n u i , doi

cao, n g i f d i k h i e n g v 6 c i i n g m e t silc N h i e u t r i i d n g h d p

d a n g t r e n d i i d n g , b d n g d m d a u b a t t h i i d n g , c i i n g p h a i cang Ddc d i J d n g di cd cac t r a m g i a o l i e n , m o i t r a m cd

c h i i n g 2 0 n g i f d i , h a n g n g a y p h a i l a m dii m o i v i e c : dUa

J^Udc n g U d i r a , lo I a n t r a i c h o a n h e m n g h i , n a u a n , t i e p

293

te, chiia benh thong thifdng cho ngiidi om nhe, tang gia

txl tuc v.v N a m 1969 c6 hang n g h i n thiidng b i n h qua

cac b i n h t r a m nhif the

Song song v6i viec chuyen b6t l\ic liidng r a Bac, khoang

10% bp dpi ci lai tiep tuc san xuat N h i i n g ngvfdi Hnh bay

gid t r d lai nguyen goc la nong dan, v6i cong viec nha nong

quen thupc, nhifng la cong viec d t r e n nifdng: phat r i y , tia

lua, trong ngo , Tuy vay cung khong ddn gian v i ngay

dem v l n phai chien dau, gianh giat v6i giac, n h i i biet kich,

t h a m bao, may bay nem bom toa do B-52, ciing vdi nhiing

tiem an nguy h i e m thifdng xuyen phai giap mat n h i i gap

voi di2, ho v6, con t r u n g hiem doc n h i i ve, bo, muoi, mo,

vat, sot ret ac t i n h V i n c6 hang t r a m can bo, chien si ta

hy sinh trong cuoc chien t r a n h sinh ton nay

V a roi, nhijfng ngay kho k h a n dan qua d i , bo dpi da c6

san an, gao niidng, de t r a i qua n h i i n g n a m thang thii

thach khac nghiet n a m 1969

Cau hoi 124: Chien khu Rttng Sac nSm tren vung dat ngap

man, song rach ch2ng chit la dia ban hoat dong ciia

bo doi Trung doan 10 dac cong Riing Sac Mot

trong ba ke thu nguy hiem nhat cua bo doi dac

cong RvTng Sac la gi?

Traldi: ,

Do la ca sau RCfng Sac Rat nhieu chien si dac cong hy

sinh v i loai t h i i d i i nay M o t Ian to dac cong h a n h quan

b i n g xuong ban dem, bong biet kich M y phuc kich ban xoi

xa, anh em phai dap xuong Ian xuong thoat vay t h i niot

chien si b i con ca sau quap vao vai d i m xuong sau A n h

\kn mat no moc manh, no nha ra, anh vijfa t r o i len mat nifdc t h i no lai lao den quap vao vai loi di, anh lay tay con lai r u t dao gam dam m a n h vao mat no, k h i do no mdi chiu

bo di A n h h i thu:dng len bd nSm bat t i n h Sau do dong doi

t i m thay va difa anh di T r a m xa cap ciiu

L a n khac, mot T r u n g doi trifdng cung mot chien si keo

ca cai t h i e n biia an cho ddn v i , mot con ca sau an diidi khuc quanh bat ngd lao tdi quat m a n h duoi ngang sUdn r o i

q u i p anh d i Cling t r e n doan nay mot dong chi n h a n lenh difa cong van hoa toe qua song, viec nay bSt buoc phai bdi ma khong dung xuong de t r a n h t a u dich phat hien A n h viia nhoai ngifdi bdi sai t r e n mat song t h i bong mot con ca sau lao thang den ngoam ngang t h a n ngiidi mang d i Ngiidi chien

si tifng diing cam xong pha t r a n mac do mat h u t trong dem t h a n h v^ng Ba ngay sau dong doi t i m thay chiec t h i t lung Cling chiec b i n h tong va goi t a i lieu cua anh

6 mot doan song khac, mot D a i doi pho dac cong t r a n h giac lac dUdng, k h i ve vai mang chiec gay buoc con ca chep, ve gan tdi ddn v i ben k i a song, anh vijfa loi t d i dau goi t h i mot con ca sau mat do l i i lao t d i ddp vao dau goi, lap tiic anh dam m a n h thang vao mat no, no ngoam diidc con ca chep r o i lan mat Vet ngoam r a t sau, m a u ra nhieu, anh len bd t h i ngat d i Ddn v i t i m 2 ngay ma khong thay nen l a m le t r u y dieu That may mSn, k h i t i n h day thay c6 chiec b i n h tong loai to cua M y t r o i dat qua, vd diidc l a m Phao va le chiec chan n h i e m t r u n g nang ve tdi ddn v i

Lan khac, mot chien si ve binh di cong tac dem bang

ghe, tra tron cung dan viidt song Den gan bot dich anh bo

ghe lan xuo'ng de bdi qua thi bong mot con ca sau lao tdi

ngoam ngay vao diii, anh lap tiic cam chiec den pin My

tohg thang vao mieng no Con ca sau vvfa ha mom nha ra

anh da vd dUdc canh cay la la mat nUdc, thoat len bd Sau

khi dieu t r i ve, anh c6 vet seo dai chay suot dui nguyen vet

ham rang ca sau

TriJdng hdp khac, mot trung dpi dac cong di cong tac,

chien si di sau cung bam canh cay tha chan xuong riia

bun, mot con ca sau n^m chd bong quat duoi ngang ngiidi,

chien si do vang xuong song roi mat hut

TriJdc tinh hinh nay Ban chi buy Trung doan 10 phat

dong phong trao t i m diet ca sau Bo doi dung con vit gin

hai banh boc pha va kip dien de tha song, nvia dem mot

con ca sau d6p vit bi trung min, nxidc song cuoh di, xac con

ca troi dat den ngoai song Bo doi con tim nhiing o triing

ca sau de lam thiic an, bat dan ca sau con mdi nd trong

nhiing ho bom

Mot chien si phat hien trong mot bui cay ram rap, mot

con ca sau an minh phuc kich Anh ngim no va xa nguyen

ca bang dan, con ca sau chi kip triidn minh xuong mep

nu6c roi bat dong, dau c^m xuong bun sau, duoi vkn con

noi len Ddn vi nghe tieng sung cii ngUdi ra, thay anh dang

diing lUdi le xuyen ngang duoi de ghi giii no Con ca sau

nay dai tdi khoang 5 - 6m, do qua nang nen khong van noi

len thuyen, phai danh dam thuyen de van no vao long

thuyen roi tat niidc ra Trong da day cua no con nguye"

mot con heo rtfng, Ixidi giang ca, toe ngifdi Thit con ca

sau dUdc phan phoi cho kh^p Trung doan

296

C i u hoi 125: Co nam con difcJng chi vien hi mien BSc vao chien

trUdng mien Nam la: ditdng bo theo day Trtfdng Stfn, dudng thuy tren bien Dong, dudng ong nhien lieu xSng dau, duong hang khong va dxidng van chuyen tien te Ban biet gi ve con duong thu nSm?

Ngay sau khi boa binh lap lai, Ngan hang Quoc gia da bat dau lo chuyen tien bac cho mien Nam, trong do chu

yeu la loai tien do chinh quyen Sai Gon phat hanh Sd Quan ly ngoai hoi (sau la Cue Ngoai hoi), dUdc giao dam

nhiem cong tac nay Bien phap dau tien ma S^ tien hanh

la dung ngan sach Nha nxidc de mua tien Sai Gon tai t h i triidng midc ngoai, chu yeu la tai Hong Kong Sd con chi

dao cho cac ddn vi dao so' tien diidc chon giau til triidc khi

cac liic liidng len diidng ra Bdc tap ket, dem doi sang tien Sai Gon Thdi ky dau, so' tien hang nam lo cho mien Nam khoang 1 trieu do-la Cung vdi sU phat trien cua cuoc khang chien, nhu cau tien trci nen cap thiet va ngay cang

tang, ta da dCing nhieu each thiic de dvfa tien vao chien

trudng Sau do khoi lUdng, hinh thttc ciing tang dan Diidi

day la mot so' phiidng thvfc:

Quy ngoai te dac biet: Nam 1965, khi de quoc My tien hanh "Chien tranh cue bo", Bo Chinh t r i cho lap tai mien

297

Bac "Quy ngoai te dac biet", lay tvT cac nguon Quo'c te vien

t r d de chi vien trvfc tiep cho mien N a m V 6 i cac niidc anh

em luc bay gid, ngoai de n g h i vien t r d bang vat chat nhxx

v u k h i , dan difdc, lUdng thUc, ihUc pham, quan trang,

quan dung, ta con de n g h i vien trd bang ngoai te (chu yeu

la do-la) de chi vien cho nhQng vung, mien ma ta chiia the

diia hang den ndi difdc N h u cau ciia cac chien trUdng

luc bay gid la tien N g a n hang Sai Gon va mot so' loai

tien cua cac nif6c Ian can n h i i dong Bat (Thai L a n ) , Rien

(Cam-pu-chia), K i p (Lao) V i vay, ta phai to chiic doi

do-la r a cac loai tien noi t r e n D i a ban quan t r o n g dau tien de

thtfc h i e n nghiep v u nay la Hong Kong vcii the che chinh

t r i dac biet va mot nen k i n h te mci, c6 n h i e u moi quan he

quoc te, l a i r a t gan nif6c ta ve mat dia ly, la mot t h u a n Idi

ra't 16n Ngoai Hong Kong, nguon vien t r d bang ngoai te tir

cac ca n h a n va cac nij6c Tay A u t h i "chuyen" r a do-la M y ,

roi qua diidng "giao thong ngoai giao" chuyen tvf P a - r i qua

Mat-xcd-va ve H a N o i TH Hong Kong va H a Noi, ta

chuyen tien vao mien N a m qua h a i h i n h thCtc: chuyen

khoan va chuyen bang tien mat

Doi tien bang ty gid "khuyen mai": C h i n h quyen mien

N a m Viet N a m cung n h U n h i e u niidc khac thUdng quy

d i n h gia tri ban te cao hdn gia tri thvtc te so vcii dong do-la

Vao dau nhflng n a m 1960, cii 1 do-la t h i doi diidc 140 dong

tien Sai Gon, trong k h i t a i t h i trUdng chd den t h i diidc t6i

190 dong Ngiidi midc ngoai vao mien N a m phai doi ngoai

te v6i t y gia 1/140, n h i f n g khong de gi r a t h i triTdng chd

den de doi theo t y gia 1/190 dutdc, bdi boat dong nay bi

cam L d i dung t i n h h i n h nay, chung ta da de r a mot t y gia

"khuyen m a i " la: 1/160 de t h u h u t liidng tien M o t cd sd b i

mat cua ta dUdc cai ngay t r o n g N g a n hang Sai Gon mang

mat danh la N2683, da lay tien ngay t a i ngan hang nay do

n h i i n g chii doanh nghiep 16n cung cap Theo thoa t h u a n

v6i N2683, ho lay tien mat d ngan hang de "san xua't-kinh doanh", n h i i n g thiJc te la de cung cap cho each mang Ta

CO tien Ngan hang Sai Gon nhan ngay t a i Sai Gon, trong

k h i ho l a i difdc doi do-la theo t y gia "khuyen m a i " Phifdng phap nay c6 t h u a n ldi 16n la c6 the chuyen n h a n h mot so

tien 16n chi trong 1 ngay thay cho hang, l a i vijfa ra't an

toan, k i n dao, khong b i thiet do t y gia ma con sinh ldi nhd

hvfdng l a i sua't cua ngan hang Rieng khoan l a i sua't nay

t i n h t r o n g 10 n a m len t 6 i gan 25 t r i e u do-la

Tien trong va li, tien di ditcfng thuy: T a i Hong Kong, ngoai nghiep v u doi tien qua chuyen khoan theo k i e u dao hoi noi t r e n , chiing ta con thvtc hien doi trtfc tiep do-la la'y

tien Sai Gon So' tien t h u dUdc ci Hong Kong ta chuyen ve

cd sd d Quang Chau, r d i ve H a Noi Tii H a N o i tien diidc

Dai doi 100 cua Doan 559 chuyen vao cac chien trifdng theo sii p h a n pho'i cua Bo Quo'c phong D a i doi 100 t h a n h lap t h a n g 7 n a m 1970, v6i n h i e m v u v a n chuyen tien cho chien trifdng B2 (tien cho T4, K h u 5, B3 do ddn v i khac

dam nhiem) Doan xe com-mang-ca ciia C-100 x u a t phat

tCf deo M u Gia t r e n dat Quang B i n h mang theo nhiJng chie'c va l i bang sat dai khoang 70cm, ngang chifng 30cm,

cao 20cm, chay t d i nga ba L a n g K h a n g (mot dia diem t r e n

vung giai phong Lao) Tii day, theo Hiep d i n h da difdc k y

ket, Quan giai phong Lao cho xe con chd tien chay tren dat

Lao viidt qua Xieng Phan, MUdng Phin, La Hay roi dijfng

lai tai Bac giao cho Doan 470-Bo Tii lenh Doan 559 Tit

Bac, nhiing horn tien xuoi theo dUdng thiiy tren ca-no hoac

thuyen de do bo len nga ba Phi Ha (con dildc goi la nga ba

Dong Difdng) Tuy theo tvfng thdi diem, can cvf vao tinh

hinh dich, nhu c^u cua chien triidng, phiidng tien van

chuyen , Bo Tu lenh Doan 470 quyet dinh chuyen nhQng

kien do-la ngiidc sang dat Cam-pu-chia de ban giao cho cac

cd sd cua ta tai tinh Stung-treng hoac dung xe con chay

thang tdi Bii Gia Map - ndi dat tram giao lien tren diidng

tien vao Sai Gon Rieng trong nam 1970, C-100 da van

chuyen diidc 1.875 hom tien an toan

Tien te chi vien cho chien trUdng mien Nam ngoai do-la,

tien, Ngan hang Sai Gon con c6 mot khoi liidng 16n tien

bac Dong Diidng la bac hoa xoe Thdi ky giao nhan bac hoa

xoe keo dai tii nam 1961 den 1964, thang nao cung c6

nhieu chuyen, moi Ian giao nhan khoang 10 hom, moi hom

nang gan 20kg So tien nay Quan khu 5 giao het cho Khu

uy de cap phat t h i n g cho cac ddn vi

Ngoai nhQng con dUdng chi vien tien te noi tren, chung

ta con chuyen tien qua Phnom Penh, tii do bi mat van

chuyen ve Sai Gon, hoac cap ngay cho Doan hau can K20

cvia dong chi Diic Phiidng de thu mua hang hoa tai viing 3

bien gi6i Ngoai ra, tien con difdc theo nhiing con tau

khong so den v6i cac chien triidng ciic Nam

Doi do-la ra tien Sai Gon de chi tieu la mot boat dong

day kho khan, gian kho Ganh vac ph^n 16n cong viec nay

300

la nhiing chien s i tinh bao Hinh thiic doi ciing rat phong

phii, da dang Mot trong nhiing hinh thCfc rat hieu qua la thong qua cac tiem buon ban vang Cac tiem buon vang

nay deu c6 buon do-la De de phong bi 16, c\i moi ngay cd sd

cua ta doi cho boh tiem vang, moi tiem 500 do-la Ngay hom sau lai qua boh tiem vang khac KhSp Sai Gon, Chd Lcin, Gia

Dinh CO hang tram tiem vang, nen hinh quan phai 10 ngay

sau m6i quay lai tiem vang cii nen dich khong phat hien diidc, con ta lai doi diidc so' liidng 16n tien mat

Tien giii tren vai: Tai Quan khu 5, viec tiep nhan do-la, tien Sai Gon luc dau do Cue Hanh lang thiic hien Cue Hanh lang la to chiic tnic thuoc Bo Tii lenh Quan khu 5 (sau d6 nhap lai vdi Cue Hau can thanh Cue Hau can-Hanh lang), c6 nhiem vu tiep nhan hang hoa chi vien cua ta (trong do c6 do-la va bac hoa xoe) tii mien B^c qua Doan 70 (sau nay la Doan 559) chuyen vao va van chuyen giao ve cho Khu uy Khu 5 Khu iiy to chiic dUa vao Ngan hang Da NSng doi ra tien Sai Gon Sau d6, thong bao se cap bao nhieu tien cho quan khu tai ciia khau, cd quan tai

vu phai diia liic lifdng xuong ciia khau, tan vung giap ranh

de nhan Day la mot cong viec kho khan, nguy hiem nen liic lUdng di nhan tien dvfdc tuyen chon rat ky liidng, phai

la nhiing ngiidi diing cam, biet ro dia hinh, dia vat, thong thao diidng sa Co Ian, doan nhan tien v6i nam ngiidi gui tren diidng ve bi dich phuc kich, da chien dau rat diing cam chd tien ve den ndi va giao nop day du Viec nhan tien tii Khu iiy keo dai cho t6i khi Khu uy giai tan • •(

Tien trong thiing dau: Co tien Sai Gon roi, viec van chuyen cho cac chien triidng ciing la mot cong viec khong

301

d l Nhom can bo tinh bao d Sai Gon, do dong chi Tran Quoc

Trung {tiic MUdi Tien) chi buy, c6 nhiem vu to chiic v a n

chuyen tien cho nhieu chien triidng V6i cac Q u a n khu 8, 9

can bo ta Idi dung cac thuyen chd gao tH mien Tay len Sai

Gon ban, khi ve phai m^ing v6 bao khong ve, bo tien vao cac

bao khong nay de che mkt quan dich; hoac giao cho cac chii

ghe "hai d a y " cua ta van chuyen ve d i a ban Q u a n khu 9

V6i Q u a n khu 5, nhom tinh bao thue tau bien do tien len

mot vi t r i da thong nhat Tai Q u a n khu 6, tien dUdc bo vao

cac v6 thiing dau hoa, buoc h6 henh tren 6 to, khien ke

dich khong ngd, nen van chuyen difdc rat nhieu tien Viec

van chuyen tien cho cac Q u a n khu 5, 6 dUdc tien hanh

theo each nay cho den k h i Tuyen van tai 559 trUc tiep

chuyen diidc cac hom tien cho hai quan khu nay

Ngoai nguon tien do nhom tinh bao d Sai Gon cung cap,

cac quan khu cung tii thiJc hien viec doi do-la ra tien Sai

Gon. Q u a n khu 9 to chtfc nhieu difdng day ddi tien, trong

do CO diidng day cua dong chi Tran Van Ba (tijfc Ba Xe),

mot can bo t a i chinh giau k i n h nghiem Ba Xe dong gia

lam tii san, c6 6 to rieng, an mac sang trong, thiJdng xuyen

len Sai Gon, quan he v6i cac nha tu s a n de doi tien Cho

den khi giai phong nam 1975, dong chi da ddi diJdc 1,5

trieu do-la Tien ddi diidc, Q u a n khu 9 giao cho doi van tai

cua Phong tai chinh van chuyen bSng xuong, ghe qua cac

kenh rach rat kho khan, gian khd de diia xudng cac ddn vi

Q u a n khu 7 ciing td chiic nhiing ddn vi chuyen lam

nhiem vu ddi tien, con viec van chuyen tien chu yeu do doi

van t a i hang xe hon-da 90 thiJc hien Liic lUdng nay dong

tdi hang tram ngiidi. Nhiing chiee xe hon-da 90 ngang doc

trong nhutng canh rvfng cao su, rijfng khop van chuyen tien cho cac ddn vi, tao nen net lang man rieng ciia nhiing chien si tai chinh tren chien triidng mien Dong Nam Bo

Tijfng CO hang tram trieu do-la da viidt qua nhiing neo

diidng nay chi vien cho cac chien triidng, mang den siic manh vat chat, gop phan vao t h i n g Idi chung cua cuoc khang chien chdng My, ciiu nii6c cua dan toe ta

Cau hoi 126: T a i B i c Lao c6 mot day niii ten la Pha T h i , nofi

day ttfng dien ra mot tran tap kich bSng khong quan, va mot tran danh cua bo doi dac cong ta

H a y ke ve hai tran danh do?

Tri Idi:

Phu Pha Thi la day nui gom nhieu ngon nui da cao, diidc bao phu bdi rijfng gia nguyen sinh Day dai khoang 7km, gom nhieu ngon cao tren 1.000m, each t h i xa Sam Niia (tinh Hua Phan) khoang 35km diidng chim bay T i i nam 1950, thvfc dan Phap da chiem cao diem nay Sau

Hiep dinh Gid-ne-vd 1954, de quoc My giup hie liidng phi Vang Pao xay diing khu viic nay thanh can c\l quan siJ

lien hoan viing chic, khong che tinh Sam Niia, la thu do cua liic liidng yeu nudc Lao (Neo Lao H i e Xat) Do vi t r i dac biet Idi hai, can cii nay con khohg che tdi huyen Song

Ma, Chieng Khiidng (tinh Sdn La) cua ta Thang 3 nam

1967, khi cuoc chien tranh pha hoai b i n g khong quan Ian rong khap mien Bic, My xay diJng tren dinh cao nhat (1.786m) mot can cvL dien tvi TACAN nghia la Tram ddn

dieong khong litu chien thuat - chien iMc) No giii vai tro

quan trong v6i cac may bay M y tii T h a i L a n sang mien

Bac n\i6c ta, dac biet k h i thdi tiet xau, bay dem va khong

chien v6i M i G cua ta

Cuoi t h a n g 11 n a m 1967, Bo Tif lenh Khong quan giao

n h i e m v u cho T r u n g doan 919 dung may bay v a n t a i mang

bom, dan coi danh can cii Pa T h i Day la mot can cii ra-da

16n cua M y diidc dat t r e n n u i da voi c6 mat b i n g tiidng doi

rong, d do cao 1.667m Tii can cii nay, ra-da cua chung c6

the quet toan bo v u n g t r d i mien Bkc Viet N a m M a y bay ta

bay cao 4.000m den 5.000m deu b i chiing phat hien M y sii

dung can ctt nay de d^n difdng cho cac may bay cat canh

tii T h a i L a n sang danh pha mien Bkc, va cung la ndi bon

p h i Lao dung l a m can cd de boat dong

Cho den n a m 1967, Bo doi t i n h nguyen Viet N a m va Bo

doi Pa-thet Lao da nhieu l a n to chvtc danh n h i i n g khong

t h a n h cong Sau k h i n h a n nhiem v u , T r u n g doan 919 cii

mot to d i nghien ciiu, chuan b i chien triidng, do dong chi

Nguyen V a n Ba, T r u n g doan pho - T h a m mxiu trifdng phu

trach To c6 11 ngiJdi gom cac bo phan tac chien, thong t i n ,

k h i tifdng chu yeu l a m n h i e m v u nkm dich, n h a n dang

muc tieu cho cac to bay, nim vxing quy luat boat dong ciia

dich d t r e n khong, mat dat, n^m v i i n g quy l u a t thdi tiet,

k h i tiidng, to chiic t r a m quan sat va dai bo t r d ngay gan do

de chi buy cac may bay ta danh t r i i n g muc tieu Trung

t u a n t h a n g 12 n a m 1967, can cii vao bao cao t i n h h i n h mpi

mat cua dong chi Ngo Quang Ngoc cung bo phan d i chuan

bi chien t r i i d n g t r d ve, ket hdp v6i t i n txic t h u diidc t i i

nhieu nguon, Thifdng v u Dang uy va Ban chi buy trung

doan hop thong n h a t ke hoach va phiidng an chien dau It

304

ngay sau, Ban chi huy t r u n g doan k h a n trUdng cho cac to bay h u a n luyen theo phifdng an da dUdc Bo Tut lenh thong qua Day la t r a n danh muc tieu mat dat dau tien ciia khong quan van t a i Muc tieu thuoc loai c6 kich thu6c nho,

xa can cii xuat phat cua ta, l a i nam ngay trong long dich;

tren difdng bay may bay ciia ta phai cd dong bay thap luon lach n i i i de t r a n h dich phat hien, tao the bat ngd M a t

khac \vic lUdng danh dich phai la nhQng to bay c6 nhieu

k i n h nghiem va da qua chien dau Diidc Bo Tif lenh dong

y, t r u n g doan chon bien doi An-2 gom bon to bay do Tieu doan triidng Phan N h u Can l a m bien doi trifdng Cac to

bay viia t r a n h t h u h u a n luyen theo phiidng an, vvfa sSn

sang CO lenh la cat canh diidc ngay

Ngay 12 t h a n g 1 n a m 1968, tii sang sdm, cac may bay

An-2 trtrc chien da dUdc chuan bi day du, kiem t r a ky Cac

to bay hiep dong l a i l a n nuta trifdc k h i xuat phat

11 gid 43 phut, bien doi dUdc lenh cat canh Bon chiec An-2 no'i n h a u r d i san bay Gia L a m , hudng ve phia Hoa Binh M a y bay so' 1 vdi so" hieu 664 gom cac p h i cong Can -Tam - Tieu M a y bay so' 2 so' hieu 665 gom cac p h i cong Quy - Phan - Kich May bay so 3 so' hieu 666 gom cac p h i cong Ngo - H u n g - K i e u - T r i n h M a y bay so 4 so hieu 671 gom cac p h i cong Rieng - L i e m - HOing 30 phut sau k h i cat canh, Sd chi huy t r u n g doan va dai bo t r d ngCfng lien lac vdi bien doi de giii b i mat

Theo nh\i phudng an, Phan N h U Can d^n bien doi bay

theo hifdng bay da dudc ke sSn t r e n ban do Gia L a m - Hoa Binh - M a i Chau - Sop Hao - M i f d n g H a m - Mifdng U t -Pha T h i Do cao bay giii dung theo quy dinh Sau k h i cong

305

kich muc tieu, cac to bay se bay theo cac hii6ng da thong

nhat de ve san bay Gia L a m , Hiep Hoa, Noi Bai ha canh

n h a m phan t a n liic lUdng, de phong may bay dich duoi

theo sat thiiOng may bay ta t^.,

Thdi diem danh diidc chon vao giiia trxia Day la thoi

diem t h u a n Idi cho bien doi t a n cong; bdi v i liic nay may

bay dich i t boat dong, bon dich de b i bat ngd, va l a i thdi

tiet buoi t r i i a thyring tot hdn, may da t a n hoac len cac

hdn, cac to bay se de phat hien muc tieu

Bon chiec An-2 bay theo dpi h i n h hang doc, c\l ly 500m

theo difdng bay da difdc chuan b i va v a n giiJ do cao thap

bay ve hiidng muc tieu V ^ a m6i cai hifdng bay, bien doi

bay cua ta da phat hien k h u v\ic muc tieu To quan sat va

chi h u y bd t r d dich cung da n h i n thay may bay ta Ngo

Quang Ngoc lien lac vdi Sd chi huy t r u n g doan, Nguyen

V a n Ba lien lac v6i cac to bay va thong bao t i n h h i n h dich

cho toan bien doi

Luc 13 gid 7 phut, Bien doi trU^ng Phan N h i i Can bao

cao t i n h h i n h vdi Sci chi huy t r u n g doan va dai bd t r d roi

d i n bien doi vao cong kich muc tieu Bon chiec An-2 noi

n h a u vao cong kich M o i t d bay mang theo 32 qua roc-ket

va 12 qua dan coi 120 ly Tat ca diidc nem het xudng khu

v\ic t r a m ra-da roi thdat ly, bay ve Theo t d quan sat bao

cao va cac ngudn t i n t h u thap difdc ca cua dich, t r a m ra-da

Pha T h i da b i bien doi An-2 danh t r u n g , cac dai ra-da

dat t r e n do b i h\i h a i , h a i trUc t h a n g dich b i t h i e u chay

mot so" nha cvLa, kho tang, cac thiet b i da b i pha, mot so

dich b i tieu diet T r e n diidng ve, de t r a n h dich phat hien

dudi theo, cac t d bay v l n bay thap, ludn lach qua cac khe

nui V i khong thuoc dia h i n h , sau k h i r a k h o i mot khe n u i , hai may bay 664 va 665 da dam vao nhau Ca h a i t d bay

da hy sinh, trong do c6 Phan N h u Can, mot Tieu doan trifdng day nang liJc, mot p h i cong gioi c6 be day k i n h nghiem va t h a n h tich trong chien dau

Cung trong n a m 1967, Quan k h u Tay BSc t h a n h lap

p h a n doi t r i n h sat dac cong, chuan bi cho chien dich danh chiem Pha T h i , gdm 33 chien si, trong do hdn niia la anh

em dan toe Meo, Thai, Tay, tijfng quen chien dau t r e n dia

h i n h rifng n u i B^c Lao Ngay 18 t h a n g 12 n a m 1967, t d

t r i n h sat t h i i nhat gdm t a m ngifdi len difdng, sau 21 ngay

da t i m dUdc con diidng b i mat ngSn n h a t len dinh, song chifa vao tdi t r u n g t a m t h i het liidng kho, phai t r d ve Sau

k h i r u t k i n h nghiem, sau anh em trong doi tiep tuc len diidng t r i n h sat Ian t h t i h a i , vao diidc k h u t r u n g t a m va d

do 2 ngay dem, ket qua la n a m v i i n g chac, t i m i toan bo can cii Tu: do Quan k h u Tay Bac va Doan 766 (Quan t i n h nguyen Viet N a m t a i Sam Niia) t h a n h lap liic liidng danh chiem Pha T h i , gdm 40 can bo chien si dac cong Uu t u

Ngoai r a con c6 mot tieu doi dac cong d\l hi t a n g ciidng,

cung cac phan doi bo b i n h , phao hinh, bo doi Pa-thet Lao phdi thuoc chien dich A n h em diidc h u a n luyen, tap dUdt, thao dien nhieu Ian, trong dieu k i e n ciic ky gian k h d khac

nghiet, mo phong nhxl thiic tien chien trvidng Cac phifdng

an tac chien, du phong moi t i n h huong difdc chuan b i t i m i tren sa ban > - v ; Ngay 1 t h a n g 3 n a m 1968, toan phan doi 40 chien sT

Xuat quan De nghi b i n h phong dich, ddn v i t u n g t i n di nhan nhiem v u d mot hifdng khac, k h i den each Pha T h i 40km t h i phan doi re ngoat, md dUdng b i mat m6i, xoa