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Macroeconomic Policy Reforms And Agriculture - Towards Equitable Growth In Zimbabwe ppt

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Tiêu đề Macroeconomic Policy Reforms And Agriculture - Towards Equitable Growth In Zimbabwe
Tác giả Romeo M. Bautista, Marcelle Thomas, Kay Muir-Leresche, Hans Lofgren
Trường học International Food Policy Research Institute
Chuyên ngành Macroeconomic Policy and Agriculture
Thể loại research report
Năm xuất bản 128
Thành phố Washington, D.C.
Định dạng
Số trang 148
Dung lượng 603,13 KB

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Macroeconomic Policy Reforms

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Acknowledgments

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Table 3.8 Indices of agricultural prices, nonagricultural prices, and domestic terms of trade, 1991–96

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ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND POLICIES SINCE INDEPENDENCE 25

Table 3.9 Real agricultural prices by commodity, 1990–96

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Acknowledgments...

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