Văn hóa Mỹ . Chapter 10. 20thChallenges To American Values

I Factors that affect America history 1 Diverse population The US Viet Nam Reason Diverse population + The US has always had a racially and ethnically diverse population White race and others + Someti.

I Factors that affect America history

1 Diverse population

Diverse

population

+ The US has always had a racially and ethnically diverse population: White race and others

+ Sometimes, people get along well, sometimes not

+ At times there has been great suspicion and hatred between people and different races

+ In the darkest time, they help up ideas in the

Independence

population with 54 ethnical

nationalities: King accounts for largest percentage

+ Do not hate each other but the Kinh people slightly discriminate against ethnic minorities +Unanimously joining forces in wartime, in

Covid-19 pandemic

In Us:

+ Because of migrations,

commercial trade

=>> diverse polulation

+ British buy

Afica=>> hatred between them

In Việt Nam

All of them have the same origin which is the Old Malayan race Through 3 stages, they become 54 groups

In reality, systemic racism can be seen in many parts of America: from schools, offices, courts, to the police These are places where it seems that white people are in key positions, making decisions If people of color held the same position, they would have to put in much more effort than their white counterparts The results of the social survey show that the human resource distribution chart of people of color in the US today is in the cone form, that is, the more important positions such as CEOs of large corporations or senior officials High in Government, the fewer people of color If you look at the survey data of the Federal Reserve Bank of America (FED) in 2013 on the rate of ownership of wealth in society, white Americans hold up to 90% of the assets of the United States, Latin Americans hold 2.3% and African-Americans hold 2.6%

Looking back at American history, discrimination against Asians was even legalized in the Page Act of 1875 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 )

There is a case of an Asian girl being pushed off her bicycle in a park by a stranger An Asian family was violated at a grocery store because she was alleged to carry the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the US

A police officer shoot and kill black young George Floyd last year - which led to a wave

of anti-racist protests across the country America and many countries around the world Former police officer Derek Chauvin was officially found guilty by a US court on all three counts of second-degree murder, third-degree murder and manslaughter, where in turn he faces sentences for each crime 40 years in prison, 25 years in prison and 10 years

in prison Chauvin's sentence will be officially enforced after 8 weeks

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, was murdered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, while being arrested on suspicion of using a counterfeit $20 bill During the arrest, Derek Chauvin, a white police officer with the Minneapolis Police Department, knelt on Floyd's neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds after he was handcuffed and lying face down While handcuffed and prior to being placed on the ground, Floyd had exhibited signs of anxiety and complained about being unable to breathe After being restrained he became more distressed, complaining of breathing difficulties and the knee

on his neck, and expressing fear of imminent death After several minutes Floyd stopped speaking For a further two minutes, he lay motionless and Officer Kueng found no pulse when urged to check Despite this, Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders to lift his knee until told to do so by paramedics

 That led to a wave of anti-racist protests across the country America and many countries around the world

On April 11, 2021, Daunte Wright, a 20-year-old African-American man, was fatally shot

by police officer Kimberly Potter during a traffic stop and attempted arrest for an outstanding arrest warrant in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota After a brief struggle with officers, Wright was shot at close range He then drove off a short distance, but his vehicle collided with another and hit a concrete barrier Officers pulled Wright out of his car and administered CPR, but were unsuccessful, and he was pronounced dead at the scene

2 Belief in Government.

Belief in

Governmen

t

Americans have traditionally had a strong distrust in their government, but had a strong faith in its design

Protect freedom and individual rights

Vietnamese believe

in government with

a single party

In the US: The bigger and stronger the government becomes, the more dangerous most Americans believe

it is to their individual freedom

In reality, The stronger and bigger the government becomes, the more dangerous most America believe it is to individual freedom

3 The right of free speech and the existence of a free press

They have meant have all people have the right to express their opinions, and that everything from public policy to private concerns, such as abortion or sexual preference can be openly discussed and debated The result is that all the problems of the country are displayed for the rest of the world to see The bad news is that there are always a lot of problems The good news is that there are also large numbers of individuals who are sincerely concerned about society’s problems and are working hard to solve them Because Americans believe so strongly in the freedom and the worth of the individual, they have traditionally had an optimistic faith in the ability of the individuals eventually

to invent creative solutions to all the nation’s problems

3 The right of free

speech and the

existence of a

free press

All people have the right to express their opinions about everything from public policy to private concerns

American believe so strongly in the freedom and the worth of the individual

constitution Stated that citizens have right freedom of

publication in accordance with law

The State creates favorable

conditions for citizens to exercise their right to freedom of the press

The United States does not enact a law on the press, but

provisions in the National Assembly about the press,

in Vietnam the media is not censored before being printed

4 A long tradition of isolationism

In spite of the image of the United States and some of the actions that the government has taken, there is a long tradition of isolationism President George Washington declared in 1796:” it is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” The spirit of isolationism persists even today, as American continues to debate what being a “world power” means Most people are mot in favor of the United States what being a “world policeman” for example Americans are very reluctant to see the United States become involved in international military actions unless they are convinced that there is some national interest to be protected, or that there is some great humanitarian need American is also skeptical about international economic alliances, wanting to be sure that self-interests are protected before commitments are made to other countries (This is why there has been so much debate about NAFTA) Most American is more interested in what is happening close to home than what is happening in the rest of the world They want to know how events, national or international, will affect them personally

4 A long traditional

of isolationism It is true policy tosteer clear of

permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world

Americans are very reluctant to see the

US involved in international military actions

Americans are also skeptical about international

economic alliances

Americans are more interested in what is happening close to home than the rest of the world

Vietnam uphold the spirit of solidarity, mutual assistance

Vietnam does not join the military alliance is the right defense policy

Vietnamese people are suspicious of all organizations in the world

Vietnamese people tend to be interested in problems

happening in society and the world

Vietnamese people live to worship their ancestors to show respect for the dead Vietnam prefers peace and its economy is not enough to join military

alliances Almost all countries have

concerns about international organizations, including Vietnam and the US

5 The US goes through different political and economic phases

The United states, like all countries, goes through different political and economic phases that have a strong effect on the mood of the people When the economy is in good shape, people are naturally more optimistic about the States of their country and life in general

Pollsters are continually taking the emotional temperature of the American citizens.

“What do you think about the future?” they ask “Are you better off now than you were four years ago?” as the mood swings back and forth from optimistic to pessimistic, or from liberal to conservative, the underlying traditional values have so far remained intact

At times, Americans may talk about some values more than others, but when time get tough, many are likely to say that it is because the American people (and their government) have strayed too far from these traditional values Interestingly enough, pollsters find that there is really no statistically significant difference in the attitudes and values of young people, the middle-agers, or the older generation

5 The US goes

through different

political and

economic phases

Economy is in good shape, people are more optimistic about the State of their country and life

As the mood swings backs and forth from optimistic to pessimistic, or from

conservative, the traditional values have so far remained

There is no statistically

significant different

in the attitudes and values of young people, the middle-aged or older generation

colonized by many different force throughout its

influences strongly

on the national politics and economy

Vietnam's cultural and historical traditions have been preserved and developed for many years

Vietnamese generations have

differences in culture and lifestyles

Vietnamese people who live according to the direction of their families always follow a framework different from the freedom of personal

development of America

II 20 – CENTURY CHALLENGE TO AMERICA VALUES

In the first decades, America experienced a large wave of immigration to its shores in the years following the American Civil War and Reconstruction

- In the years between 1881 and 1920 more than 23 million new immigrants arrived

in the United States This wave of immigrants came from all parts of the world, but more came from southern and eastern European countries than any other regions

 Reason: By the late nineteenth century, transoceanic transportation had become significantly cheaper and less difficult, making it easier for poor Europeans for immigrating to the United States

- The first decade of this period saw most of the immigrants coming from Northern and Western Europe

- After 1890, the majority came from Southern and Eastern Europe

 Major push factor for immigrants of this period was European population growth and subsequent overcrowding, scarcity of land, unemployment and food shortages

 The immigrants thought the US’s industry was growing and the country has many jobs and they had opportunites to live in a free and democratic society But a third

of them does not find a better life when they were seeking and even they left the United States and went back home

- Immigrants moves into the poorer sections of the major cities – New York’s Lower East Side, for example – and often into neighborhoods abandoned by upwardly mobile immigrant groups

- These neighborhoods, which helped ease the transition from greenhome (as

newcomers were often called) to the citizen, were terribly overcrowded, with contributes to poverty, crime, and disease

However:

- Native-born Americans were troubled by the influx of foreigners, who seemed very different from earlier immigrants

- New immigrants were often portrayed as dangerous radicals ready to undermine the American political system of as threats to the jobs of American workers

because of their willingness to settle for lower wages Given these attitudes

forward foreigners, it is not surprising that calls for restrictions on immigration began to sound

In the 1950s, it was considered as an age of economic prosperity and national stability

- Historians use the word “boom” to describe a lot of things about the 1950s: the booming economy, the booming suburbs and most of all the so-called “baby

boom”

+ Cheap labor and assembly-line manufacturing mass production possible

+ Railroad networks carried the mass-produced goods, many of them the result of new technologies, around the country more retailers expanded their operations and the laid the foundation for the consumer-driven society

 The US's industry grew promptly after World War and The United sates enjoyed the economic Prosperity during the "Roaring Depression of the 1930s Until World War II that the economy turned around and created new factory jobs due to the need for weapons

- There was another side to the 50s, the Cold War with the Soviet Union was in full swing, leading to fears of a nuclear holocaust and the communist takeover of the world

- There were two problems in the 1950s that had to be dealt with in1960s: poverty and segregation

Compare the economic situation of the US and Vietnam

After

World

War II

– the

early

70s of

20th

Centur

y

After World War II, America became

capitalist country

in the world

The separation distorted the basic Vietnamese economy

by overly stressing regional economic differences

Reason:

US: America is far from the battlefield, protected by two oceans, the Atlantic and the Pacific, and not destroyed by war

America was richer in the war because it was able to peacefully develop the production and sell weapons and goods to the participating countries

Viet Nam: Destruction caused by the 1954-1975 Second Indochina War (commonly known as the Vietnam War) seriously strained Vietnam's economy

After

1975

-1995

Still at the top of

the world in many

respects, the US

economy no longer

held the absolute

dominance it used

to be

The US economy

is not stable due to

many recessions

and crises

Between 1975 and

1994, the United

States imposed a

trade embargo on

Vietnam,

forbidding any

trade during the

19-year period

Vietnam is one of the few countries in modern history to experience a sharp economic

deterioration in a postwar

reconstruction period

The economy of Vietnam was plagued

difficulties in production,

imbalances in supply

inefficiencies in distribution and circulation, soaring inflation rates, and rising debt problems

remained dominated

US:

-After economic recovery,

countries and Japan have risen strongly and become economic centers with increasingly fierce competition with the US -The United States had to spend huge sums of money

on arms racing, producing very expensive modern weapons and setting up thousands of military bases

-The rich and poor are too disparity between classes in society, especially in the population groups - the lower working class, which

is the source of economic and social instability in

by small-scale

production, low labor

productivity, material

and technological

shortfalls, and

insufficient food and

consumer goods

America

Viet Nam: severe climatic conditions that afflicted agricultural crops, bureaucratic

mismanagement, elimination of private ownership, extinction of entrepreneurial classes in the South, and military occupation of Cambodia

From

1995

In 1994, the United

States officially

lifted its trade

embargo against

Vietnam

America

normalized

diplomatic

relations with

Vietnam

The economic

growth rate of the

United States was

higher than that in

the previous

periods Especially,

the unemployment

rate is low and the

inflation rate is

also low

Vietnam’s economic policy emphasized macroeconomic stability rather than growth The signing of the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) between the United States and Vietnam on July 13, 2000, was a significant milestone

Access to the U.S market would allow Vietnam to hasten its transformation into a manufacturing-based, export-oriented economy Furthermore,

it would attract foreign investment, not only from the U.S, but also from Europe, Asia and other regions

US: Reason: advances in technology, especially information technology

 Poverty:

- The onslaught of American’s war is occurring at the height of a global economic depression marked by the downfall of State institutions, mounting unemployment

- Financial markets have plummeted national economies have collapsed and had put millions of people into abysmal poverty

- In the 1960s, President Johnson pushed through a plan called “The Great Society”

to war on poverty and in the next decades the percentage of poor people dip drop

- However, these programs began to create an expectation that the government not the individual, should solve social problems