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Trang 1Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 ( 2016 ) 192 – 197
2210-7843 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
Peer-review under responsibility of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest
doi: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.052
ScienceDirect
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University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăúti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
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University of Craiova , Faculty of Horticulture, Street No.13 A.I Cuza, Craiova, Romania
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University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat " King Michael I of Romania "Timisoara, Route 119 Arad, Romania
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© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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