main activities in the field of environment protection and environmental safety in operation of st petersburg metro facilities

Keywords: environmental activities, environmental safety, atmospheric air protection, water supply, water disposal, waste management, public well-being activities, environmental manageme

Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 461 – 468

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a

Prerequisite for Sustainable Development

doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.721

ScienceDirect

15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for

Sustainable Development”

Main activities in the field of environment protection and

environmental safety in operation of St Petersburg metro facilities

Yulia Filippova a,*, Lyubov Matyushina a

a

SUE St Petersburg Metropoliten, St Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

This report presents main activities of St Petersburg Metro in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the negative impact on the natural environment components have been analyzed This report contains information on the ongoing activities in this area, as well as in the field of sanitary and epidemiological safety of the public in operation of passenger space of stations and the rolling stock Also the goals and primary objectives in environmental management as part of the development strategy of the St Petersburg Metro have been described

© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development

Keywords: environmental activities, environmental safety, atmospheric air protection, water supply, water disposal, waste management, public well-being activities, environmental management

1 Goals and Main Activities in the Field of Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety

St Petersburg Metro is the largest transportation company in St Petersburg, vested with the task to provide passenger transportation at the optimal cost, in compliance with safety requirements, and with equal access to all members of the public

* Corresponding author Tel.: +7-812-301-98-99

E-mail address: Filippova.Y@metro.spb.ru

© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development

form of emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) into the atmospheric air from stationary sources, discharges of pollutants into water bodies, and placement of production and consumer waste The enterprise's activities in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety (hereinafter referred

to as environmental activities) are primarily aimed at preventing the negative impact of economic activities on the environment, eliminating its consequences, as well as at rational use of natural resources, and:

x Compliance with environmental protection requirements;

x Prevention of financial risks of the enterprise in terms of excess (over-the-limit) payments for the negative impact on the environment, and administrative fines;

x Providing for the relationship between strategic goals and environmental activities of the enterprise

x The enterprise's main activities in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety are as follows:

x Planning and implementation of measures for environmental protection, rational utilization and restoration of natural resources;

x Process monitoring of environmental protection activities (industrial environmental monitoring);

x Environmental activity analysis and forecast of negative impact changes in the environment as a result of changes in production and other processes in economic activities;

x Administration of environmental activities using the integrated approach;

x Prevention of non-compliance with environmental protection requirements;

x Introducing technologies designed for reduction of the enterprise's negative impact on the environment;

x A dynamic response to changing requirements of laws of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection;

x A proper level of automation in environmental planning and control activities etc

2 Atmospheric Air Protection

In operation of St Petersburg metro facilities, the sources of atmospheric air pollution include emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) due to burning of fuel to generate heat energy (43%) production processes (mechanical processing and welding of metals, mechanical processing of wood, electroplating production, foundry, heat treatment, painting, etc.) and the noise impact

In order to comply with atmospheric air protection requirements, maximum allowable emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) were established for the facilities of the St Petersburg metro The annual norm of maximum allowable emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) for all facilities of the enterprise is 132.2 tons (104 pollutants, including 42 solid pollutants and 62 gaseous/liquid pollutants)

The types of emissions (pollutants) which hit the atmospheric air are shown in Figure 1 (46.8% – carbon monoxide; 25.2% – nitrogen oxides; 20.3% – hydrocarbons with volatile organic compounds; 5.6% – solid substances; 1.9% – sulfur dioxide; 0.3% – other gaseous and liquid substances)

Fig 1 Types of emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) into the atmospheric air

For the purposes of treatment and neutralization of emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants), general ventilation systems and process equipment ventilation systems have been equipped with gas treatment units (129 gas treatment units being in operation as of July 1, 2016) All the gas treatment units are in good condition and operable

in accordance with the design performance criteria

The level of emission of hazardous substances (pollutants) into the atmospheric air in 2011-2015 is shown in Figure 2

Fig 2 Volumes of emissions of hazardous substances (pollutants) into the atmospheric air

5.6%

1.9%

46.8%

25.2%

Диоксид серы Оксид углерода Оксиды азота

Углеводороды с учетом ЛОС

Прочие газообразные и жидкие вещества

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0

127.0

108.1

100.9

75.0

80.8

Year

Solid substances Sulphur dioxide Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides Hydrocarbons with VOC Other gaseous and liquid substances

According to statistical observations, no emissions into the atmospheric air in excess of the established standards

of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous substances (pollutants) were recorded in 2011-2015

To ensure the stable functioning of natural systems, to protect the natural complexes and natural landscapes from contamination and other negative impacts, to ensure public safety based on design materials, results of field studies and measurements of atmospheric air and levels of physical impact on atmospheric air, sanitary protection zones were established for production facilities of the enterprise (see Table 1)

Table 1 Sanitary protection zones area for production facilities of the enterprise

Item

No

Facility Size of sanitary protection zone by directions, m

Northerly

North-easterly

Easterly

South-easterly

Southerly

South-westerly

Westerly

North-westerly

boundary 300

2 Moskovskoye

3 Severnoye Electric

Depot

Along the boundary

Along the boundary

4 Nevskoye Electric

Depot

5 Combined

Maintenance Shops

6 Vyborgskoye

The area of sanitary protection zones for production facilities of the enterprise have been established in accordance with the current urban planning situation (residential buildings in close proximity) to help reduce the impact of pollution on the atmospheric air to the values established by exposure standards

For all hazardous substances (pollutants), analysis of atmospheric air pollution results showed no intolerable ground level concentrations along the boundary of production facilities, the sanitary protection zone and the adjacent residential area The noise impact on atmospheric air along the boundary of production facilities and the adjacent residential area conforms to the applicable exposure standards

3 Water Supply and Water Disposal

Cold water supply of the St Petersburg metro facilities for household, industrial and fire-protection needs is provided from the public water system, while hot water is supplied by the company’s own boilers (Avtovo, Moskovskoye Electric Depot, Nevskoye Electric Depot, etc.) or other hot water suppliers

Domestic, industrial and surface wastewater is discharged into the central water disposal system and surface water bodies (Volkovka River, Lesnoy Creek)

The level of water consumption (hot and cold water supply) and water disposal in 2013-2015 is shown in Figure

3

According to water consumption and water disposal records, no significant deviation was observed throughout the period The reduced cold water supply is the result of improved performance of recirculated water systems at industrial wastewater treatment facilities

Fig 3 Water consumption and water disposal by Metro facilities

According to industrial environmental monitoring data, as the wastewater is discharged into the central water disposal system and surface water bodies, main pollutants are included suspended solids, oil products and metals (manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum, copper, etc.)

For the purpose of treatment and processing of household wastewater, industrial water (from the electroplating and accumulator rooms, unit and wheelset cleaning equipment, train washing tracks, etc.), surface water run-offs (including drainage), 35 waste treatment facilities are in use currently, including 10 units equipped with recirculated water systems

4 Treatment of Production and Consumer Waste

To ensure protection of the environment and human health, and to reduce the amount of production and consumer waste from St Petersburg Metro facilities, waste generation standards and waste disposal limits were established The annual norm of production and consumer waste generation for all facilities of the enterprise is 57.3 thousand tons

The distribution of waste by hazard class based on the degree of negative impact on the environment is shown in Figure 4

660.1

Горячее водоснабжение, тыс куб м

Холодное водоснабжение, тыс куб м

Водоотведение, тыс куб м Hot water supply,

thous cubic meters Cold water supply, thous cubic meters Water disposal, thous cubic meters

Figure 4 Distribution of waste by environmental hazard class

Waste hazard class I shall include spent mercury containing waste; waste hazard classes II-III – spent caustic, oil-contaminated waste, electroplating production waste, waste railway wooden sleepers; waste hazard classes IV-V – domestic, industrial and construction solid waste

Figure 5 shows statistical observations for waste generation amounts in 2011-2015

Fig 5 Amount of Production and Consumer Waste

According to waste treatment records, 21% of waste is transferred to external companies for disposal (utilization) and processing (spent mercury-containing lamps, oil-contaminated waste, ferrous and non-ferrous scrap and waste metal) and 79% – for placement (domestic, industrial and construction solid waste)

0.04% 0.18% 1.84%

68.56%

29.37%

Hazard Class I (extremely hazardous waste) (0.04%) Hazard Class II (highly hazardous waste) (0.18%)

Hazard Class III (moderately hazardous waste) (1.84%) Hazard Class IV (low-hazard waste) (68.56%) Hazard Class V (virtually non-hazardous waste) (29.37%)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

26.8

31.9

Year

5 Activities in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population

To create favorable and safe conditions for transportation of passengers, to preserve health and maintain high performance of the personnel, to protect the environment in operation of passenger spaces of stations and the rolling stock, it is necessary to guarantee compliance with the established exposure standards

Through laboratory tests, industrial monitoring of microclimate parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity), content of carbon dioxide, dust and microorganisms in the air, as well as artificial lighting is provided in passenger spaces

In order to avoid non-compliance with exposure standards in passenger spaces of the Metro and to ensure favorable conditions, sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in place include:

x Use of forced ventilation with air supply, distribution and purification features in passenger spaces of the new rolling stock;

x Installation of UV irradiators on escalator handrails at Ploshchad Lenina-2 Station;

x Installation of integrated air purification system at the interchange between Ploshchad Vosstaniya and Mayakovskaya stations;

x Operational testing of the antibacterial treatment of inner surfaces with decorative and protective paint at Ladozhskaya Station

In general, all adverse effects of environmental factors on passengers in passenger spaces of stations and rolling stock have been minimal

6 Activities in the Field of Environment Protection and Environmental Safety as Part of the Development Strategy of the Enterprise

As part of the development strategy of St Petersburg Metro, and pursuant to the strategic map of targets for implementation of goals and objectives in the field of environment protection and environmental safety, it is planned

to switch to a process-oriented environmental management system and to implement the IT technology to achieve the following outcomes:

x Improved efficiency of environmental protection and environmental safety measures;

x Compliance with environmental protection requirements;

x Reduced financial risks of the enterprise in terms of excess (over-the-limit) payments for the negative impact

on the environment, administrative fines, etc;

x Improved human performance;

x Obtaining timely information on elimination of environmental violations by various functions of the enterprise;

x Environmental document systematization;

x Obtaining timely and accurate information on environmental requirements and internal regulations in this field by various functions of the enterprise, etc

As of today, within the framework of building a process-oriented management model, enterprise activities in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety have been formulated, with typical duties of people involved in the activities outlined, and as-is and as-should-be organizational structures provided for Also, an electronic archive of environmental documents based on SAP Open Text Extended ECM was put into operation Thus, great attention is being paid by St Petersburg Metro to environmental protection and environmental safety

of the enterprise Measures on improving the efficiency of environmental management, taking industrial environmental monitoring and a set of relevant measures, identifying the sources of negative impact on the environment have been focused on compliance with the established requirements and standards of allowable exposure to create a healthy environment for human beings

References

[1] Federal Law «On Environmental Protection» No 7-FZ of January 10, 2002

[2] Federal Law оn Protection of Atmospheric Air No 96-FZ of May 04, 1999

[4] Water Code of the Russian Federation No 74-FZ of June 03, 2006

[5] Federal Law «On Production and Consumption Waste» No 89-FZ of June 24, 1998

[6] Federal Law «On the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of population» No 52-FZ of March 30, 1999

[7] Building regulations of the Russian Federation «Subways» SNIP 32-02-2003, Moscow, 2004