Women’s Health Care Chartbook: Key Findings from the Kaiser Women’s Health Survey doc

ths chartbook provdes the latest data on major areas of women’s health polcy, ncludng women’s health status, nsurance coverage, ther nteracton wth the health care delvery system, use of

Women’s Health Care Chartbook

Key Findings from the

MAY 2011

Kaiser Women’s Health Survey

Women’s Health Care Chartbook

Key Findings from the

Usha Ranji, M.S Alina Salganicoff, Ph.D Kaiser Family Foundation Kaiser Women’s Health Survey

MAY 2011

the authors thank mary mcIntosh and her colleagues of Princeton survey Research Associates International

as well as mollyann Brodie, Heidi Hisey and esme cullen of the kaiser Family Foundation for assistance with the kaiser women’s Health survey and preparation of this report



Table of ConTenTs lIst oF exHIBIts iii

IntRoductIon 1

cHAPteR 1: Profile of women’s Health 5

cHAPteR 2: Health coverage 9

cHAPteR 3: delivery system 15

cHAPteR 4: Prevention and screening 23

cHAPteR 5: Access and Affordability 29

cHAPteR 6: work, Family, and caregiving 35

metHods 40

sources of stress, by Health status 8

CHapTer 2: Health Coverage

Health Insurance coverage, by Race/ethnicity 14

CHapTer 3: Delivery system

lIsT of eXHIbITs (continued)

CHapTer 3: Delivery system (continued)

sources of Health Information, by Age group 21

CHapTer 4: prevention and screening

sources of Information on HPV Vaccine 27

CHapTer 5: access and affordability

v

lIsT of eXHIbITs (continued)

CHapTer 5: access and affordability (continued)

Prescription drug costs, by Insurance status 34

CHapTer 6: Work, family, and Caregiving

Key Findings From the Kaiser Women’s health survey 

InTroDuCTIon

health care has long been a prorty ssue for women, and women’s health and access to care were central ssues n the lead

up to the passage of the new health reform law health care s a central element of women’s lves, shapng ther ablty to care for themselves and ther famles, to be productve members of ther communtes, contrbute to the work force, and to buld

a base of economc securty Whle the final health reform legslaton encompassed a broad range of areas, several of the

ssues mportant to women – access to coverage, affordablty, and qualty of health care servces – were key concerns from the outset

the data n ths chartbook descrbe how women are farng n the health care system, and wll provde a useful baselne

of understandng women’s experences as the health reform mplementaton moves forward these data also hghlght dfferences n experence between varous sub groups of women, partcularly those who are at rsk for poor access to care, those who are low-ncome, and women of color

the data presented n ths Women’s Health Care Chartbook are based on a natonally representatve survey of 2,05 women ages

8 to 64 ntervewed by telephone n the sprng and summer of 2008 ths survey bulds on pror Kaser Famly Foundaton surveys on women’s health, conducted n 200 and 2004, when the economy was much stronger ths survey was conducted n the early days of the recesson n 2008, and economc condtons have become much worse snce the data were collected ths chartbook provdes the latest data on major areas of women’s health polcy, ncludng women’s health status, nsurance coverage, ther nteracton wth the health care delvery system, use of preventve servces, access to care, and work and famly health ssues across all of these areas, several key findngs have emerged:

WoMen’s HealTH sTaTus

while most women in the u.s enjoy good health, one third report that they live with a chronic health problem and one in four report depression or anxiety As women age, they are more likely to experience chronic health problems and report fair or poor health

n eght n 0 women between 8 and 64 report excellent, very good, or good health however, a szable mnorty—nearly one n five (8%)—are n far or poor health, whch s a good predctor of need for health care servces ths proporton

ncreases wth age, to over one-quarter (29%) of women ages 50 to 64 reportng far or poor health

n more than one-thrd of women (35%), have a chronc condton that requres ongong medcal attenton, such as dabetes or hypertenson even among younger women, approxmately one n 0 women of reproductve age (8 to

44 years) say they have been dagnosed wth arthrts (9%), hypertenson (%), or hgh cholesterol (9%), and by the tme women reach ther mddle years (45 to 64 years), these rates trple to 39%, 36%, and 34% respectvely

women of color and low-income women are more likely to report health problems than higher income or white women

n Poor women (33%) are three tmes as lkely as women n the hghest ncome group (%) to rate ther overall health as far or poor afrcan amercan women have hgher rates of several chronc condtons, compared to Whte and latna women, ncludng arthrts, hypertenson, and heart dsease

A sizable minority of women report experiencing high levels of stress attributable to economic, health, or work related concerns one in four women have struggled with depression or anxiety in the past five years

n many women feel heavy stress from a range of health, economc, and famly ssues, ncludng health problems of ther famly members, financal concerns, and career challenges approxmately a quarter of women report feelng hgh levels

of stress from career (23%) and financal concerns (26%) however, these pressures are even worse for women n poorer health, who are two to three tmes as lkely to experence heavy stress from these ssues when compared to women n more favorable health status

n mental health s an often overlooked but crtcal aspect of women’s health care one out of every four women (26%) report they have been dagnosed wth depresson or anxety n the past five years lower-ncome women, n partcular, are more lkely (34%) to experence depresson/anxety compared to women wth hgher ncomes (23%)

HealTH Coverage

most adult women have some form of either private or public health insurance, but nearly one quarter are either

currently uninsured or were uninsured for part of the prior year

n employer-sponsored nsurance s the leadng form of coverage for women, coverng 6% of women ether through ther own job or as a dependent sx percent of women purchase ndvdual nsurance polces, 0% are covered through medcad, the health program for low-ncome ndvduals, and another 6% have ether medcare or some other form

of coverage, such as mltary benefits despte ths patchwork of nsurance types, 7% of women ages 8 to 64 are unnsured

n lower-ncome women and women of color are at greater rsk for beng unnsured, as are women who are sngle, young, and n far or poor health these groups of women tend to have lower rates of employer-sponsored coverage and are also more relant on the medcad program than ther counterparts

InTeraCTIons WITH THe HealTH Care DelIvery sysTeM

A sizable minority of women report problems with access to primary and specialty care and have concerns about the quality of care they receive these problems are greatest for, but not limited to, uninsured women

n most women (83%) report that they have a provder they see on a regular bass ths ncreases wth age, from 77% of women ages 8 to 44 to 90% of women 45 to 64

n however, some groups of women have a less stable relatonshp wth the health care system and lack a usual source of care only two-thrds of latnas (67%) have a regular provder, much lower than Whte (86%) and afrcan amercan (84%) women unnsured women are partcularly at a dsadvantage, wth less than half (47%) havng ths vtal lnk to the health care system

many women have two or more regular providers, typically a primary care provider and an ob-gyn

n For most women wth a regular provder, the specalty of ther regular provder s famly medcne or nternal medcne about one n 0 women say ther regular health provder s a nurse practtoner or a physcan’s assstant over four n

0 women (44%), report that they have two or more regular provders

n two thrds of women reported that they had had at least one ob-gyn vst n the past year, more common among younger women n ther reproductve years

many low-income and uninsured women have not had a recent health care visit

n a provder vst n the past year s often consdered another ndcator of access to the health care system agan,

unnsured women are the least lkely to have had a provder vst n the past year (67%), compared to women wth ether prvate (90%) or publc nsurance (medcad (89%) and medcare (96%)

n latna women (80%) are sgnficantly less lkely to report a medcal vst n the past year compared to afrcan amercan (88%) and Whte (87%) women

Access to specialty care is a problem for many women, but particularly for those who are uninsured or in fair or poor health Access to specialty care is also worsening over time

n many women requre care from medcal specalsts and are not able to gan access to these provders there are large dfferences by nsurance and health status Whle 2% of women wth prvate nsurance state that they were not able to see a specalst when needed, the problem s far worse for women on medcad (30%) and those wthout nsurance (43%)

Key Findings From the Kaiser Women’s health survey 3

introduCtion

n Compared to women n favorable health (5%), women n poorer health (42%) are almost three tmes as lkely to report they couldn’t get access to specalty medcal care they thought they needed, possbly exacerbatng exstng health problems

n over tme, access to specalsts has worsened for women, wth one-fifth (2%) of women reportng they could not see a specalst by 2008, compared to 6% just four years earler

Quality of care is a concern for one in four women

n Concerns about qualty were partcularly common among women n far or poor health (42%) compared to 22% of women n better health

n a szable mnorty of low-ncome (32%) or unnsured (39%) reported qualty concerns as well as those on medcad (28%) and medcare (30%) Women of color also are more lkely to express concerns about qualty of care than Whte women

while there has been a rapid proliferation of health information through the internet, health providers are still the leading source of health information for women

n over four n ten women (44%) report turnng to ther provder first when seekng nformaton on a health ssue

n Whle health care provders are the leadng source of nformaton for women of all ages, there are generatonal

dfferences, wth many younger women also seekng nformaton onlne and from famly and frends, wth older women more lkely to seek nformaton from provders first

prevenTIon anD sCreenIng

despite growing attention to the important role of early intervention and healthy behaviors in health promotion and disease prevention, use of preventive counseling and screening services still fall far below recommended levels

n two-thrds of women (67%) say they have dscussed det, exercse, and nutrton wth a doctor or nurse durng the past three years

n Fewer than half of all women report havng had recent conversatons about other health behavors, such as calcum

ntake (44%), smokng (35%), and alcohol use (25%)

n Compared to women wth nsurance, unnsured women consstently report lower rates of screenng tests for many condtons, ncludng breast cancer, cervcal cancer, hgh blood pressure, and hgh cholesterol

n there seems to be growng attenton to underlyng causes of chronc dseases, such as det, exercse, and hgh

cholesterol almost half (49%) of women sad they had talked wth a provder about det and exercse n the past year, compared to just 39% n 2004 over sx n ten (63%) women reported havng a recent cholesterol test n 2008, up from 56% n 200

counseling and screening services that address women’s sexual health are infrequent, especially considering the negative impact of sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy and violence on women’s health and well being

n only 38% of women ages 8 to 44 say that they have talked wth a provder about ther sexual hstory n the past three years dscusson of more specfic topcs, such as stds (28%), hiv/aids (29%) and domestc or datng volence (5%) are even less frequent n the clncal settng

n thrty percent of women ages 8 to 49 report that they have been tested for an std n the past two years, but 35% of these women were erroneously under the mpresson that std testng was a routne part of a clncal exam

n the story s smlar for hiv testng, but there s greater uncertanty thrty-sx percent of women 8 to 49 reported havng

an hiv test n the past two years, but more than half (54%) assumed t was a routne part of an exam, whch s not typcally the case

n one of the newest preventve technologes s the development of vaccnes aganst hPv, the vrus responsble for most cases of cervcal cancer most women had heard of the relatvely new vaccne, however most report (62%) that they learned about t from advertsements such as televson commercals, not from a medcal provder (20%)

aCCess anD afforDabIlITy

Health care costs pose a barrier to health care and prescription drugs for many women

n one-quarter of non-elderly women (24%) went wthout or delayed needed care because they could not afford the costs Costs were more frequently reported to be a problem for women wthout nsurance (55%) and those lvng below the poverty lne (46%)

n insured women also face cost related barrers to care one n seven women wth prvate coverage (4%) and almost one-thrd of women wth medcad (3%) stated that they postponed or went wthout needed servces n the past year because they could not afford t

n half of all women use at least one prescrpton drug (5%) on a regular bass the rate s hgher for women ages 45 to 64 (63%) compared to younger women ages 8 to 44 (42%) the number of prescrptons also rses wth age, wth nearly a quarter of women ages 45 to 64 (23%) takng at least sx medcatons regularly, compared to just 4% of younger women

n ther reproductve years

n many women cannot afford to fill ther prescrptons they ether do not fill prescrptons (23%) or resort to skppng doses and splttng plls (8%) these problems do not just affect unnsured women, but are also reported by a

sgnficant share of women wth prvate health coverage who may have dfficulty affordng copays for drugs

Barriers to health care intersect with many other facets of women’s lives

n increasng shares of women are dealng wth health care cost pressures by makng tradeoffs wth other expenses between 2004 and 2008, the share of women reportng they had to spend less on other basc needs to pay for health care doubled from 8% to 6% the dual pressures of ncreasng health care costs and the recesson have lkely straned many women and affected ther ablty to make ends meet and pay for care

n Women also delay care for reasons besdes costs transportaton problems (8%), lack of chld care (3%), and lmted tme off from work (8%) force many women to postpone or go wthout care, and these problems are more common among women who are low-ncome

Work, faMIly, anD CaregIvIng

women are the primary managers of their children’s care and for mothers who also work, this responsibility has

consequences for their work and economic wellbeing

n more than eght n 0 mothers/guardans say they take on chef responsblty for choosng ther chldren’s doctors (85%), takng them to appontments (84%), and ensurng they receve follow-up care (79%)

n as the prmary coordnators of health care for ther chldren, many workng mothers (48%) must take tme off when ther chldren get sck however, on top of shoulderng prmary responsblty for carng for sck chldren, about half (47%) of women who don’t have chld care alternatves lose pay when they stay home to care for a sck chld

n

balancng work and famly can be an ongong challenge for many women, but t can be partcularly dfficult for lower-ncome women who have fewer workplace benefits less than half of low-ncome women have pad sck leave (45%), compared to 69% of hgher ncome women less than half also have dsablty nsurance (42%) or a retrement plan (44%)

women play a central role in providing care for chronically ill or disabled family members

n over one n 0 women (2%), cares for a sck or agng relatve, often an ll parent these women must also contend wth

a host of ther own health challenges one n five are unnsured, half (5%) have a chronc health condton of ther own, and 28% rate ther health as far or poor

n about one n five (9%) caregvers provdes full-tme assstance to famly members (more than 40 hours per week), the equvalent of a full-tme job Provdng ths care strans the finances of one n five (2%) caregvers as well creates hgh levels of stress for one thrd of ths group

CHAPTER 1: Profile of Women’s Health

a large body of research has documented the relatonshp of low-ncome to poorer health Women wth ncomes less than 00%

of the federal poverty threshold are three tmes as lkely (33% vs %) to assess ther health status as far or poor than ther hgher

ncome counterparts (300% of the poverty level or greater) smlarly, the rate of dsablng condtons s over twce as hgh among poor women approxmately, one thrd of women

of all ncomes reported they had a chronc condton that requres ongong treatment the smlarty n the rates could be attrbutable to lack of access to care, resultng n lower rates

of dentficaton of chronc health problems among poorer women

Percentage of women ages 18 to 64 reporting:

Fair/Poor Health Have disability, handicap,

or chronic disease that limits activity

Have chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment

Whle most adult women n the u s report ther health status as excellent, very good, or good, almost one-fifth (8%) of women report ther overall health status as just far or poor ths proporton ncreases wth age, rsng from

0% among women 8 to 29 and reachng 29% of women age 50 to 64 rates of dsablty and chronc condtons also rse as women get older overall, 4% of women have a dsablty

or condton that lmts ther daly actvtes, but the rate quadruples from 6% to 24% between women n ther early reproductve years and women n ther later md-lfe years, respectvely smlarly, the presence of chronc condtons that requre ongong medcal care such as dabetes or arthrts, ncreases from 7% among young women (8 to 29) to over half (52%) of women age 50 to 64

exHIBIt 1b

Health status Indicators, by age group

source: henry J Kaser Famly Foundaton, Kaiser Women’s Health Survey, 2008

Fair/Poor Health Have disability, handicap,

or chronic disease that limits activity

Have chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment

Percentage of women ages 18 to 64 reporting:

Key Findings From the Kaiser Women’s health survey 7

ChaPter : Profile of Women’s health

race and ethncty have long been assocated wth dfferences n health status, wth women

of color typcally experencng a greater rate of health problems these dfferences become more notable as women reach mddle age among women ages 45 to 64, afrcan amercan women are more lkely to report far/poor health status, havng a lmtng dsablty, and havng a chronc dsease than women who are whte or latna

African American Latina White

Fair/Poor Health Have disability, handicap,

or chronic disease that limits activity

Have chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment

Percentage of women ages 45 to 64 reporting:

Women are at rsk for a wde range of chronc condtons overall, the most frequently reported n women nclude arthrts (22%), hypertenson (22%), and hgh cholesterol (20%) other condtons such as obesty, asthma, and dabetes are less prevalent, but have ganed more attenton n recent years because of ther growng rates and the toll they take, partcularly on certan populatons

in general, the prevalence of most chronc condtons ncreases wth age among women, often doublng or trplng between the reproductve and md-lfe years low-ncome women have hgher rates of asthma, obesty, and heart dsease than hgher-ncome women, but women wth lower ncomes report lower rates of thyrod condtons than hgher-ncome women ths to could be an artfact of testng related to poorer access to care for ths populaton Whle afrcan amercan women report hgher rates of almost all chronc condtons than latna and whte women, the starkest dfferences are reported for arthrts, hypertenson, and dabetes, wth rates  5 to 2 tmes as hgh among afrcan amercans

200% of poverty

or higher

african american latina White

depresson and anxety are mental health condtons that affect approxmately a quarter (26%) of all women ages 8 to 64 the prevalence ncreases wth age, rsng from 23% of women of reproductve age to 29%

of md-lfe women Whte and latna women report hgher rates of dagnosed anxety and depresson than afrcan amercan women approxmately one-thrd (34%) of low-ncome women have been dagnosed wth anxety or depresson n the past five years, compared to 23% of women wth hgher ncomes

source: henry J Kaser Famly Foundaton, Kaiser Women’s Health Survey, 2008

Percentage of women ages 18 to 64 reporting they have been

diagnosed with depression or anxiety in past five years by physician:

n 0 women report that ther own health needs (3%) and those of a famly member (6%) cause them a lot of stress about one n four women report feelng a lot of stress from ther job/career (23%) and economc concerns (26%) Women who are poorer health are more lkely

to report experencng hgh levels of stress resultng from health, work, and financal concerns than women wth better health For example, four tmes as many women n far

or poor health (34%) report that managng ther own health needs causes them a lot of stress compared to women n excellent to good health (8%) nearly half (47%) of women reportng far or poor health say that finances cause a lot of stress, as do 2% of women n excellent to good health

Financial concerns

Percentage of women ages 18 to 64 reporting they feel a lot

of stress from:

CHAPTER 2: Health Coverage

more than 80% of women between the ages of 8 and 64 have some form of health

nsurance the majorty (6%) are covered through employer-sponsored health nsurance

a small share of women (6%) purchase ther own prvate nsurance through ndvdual polces the publc sector covers many women: medcad, the publc program for the poor, asssts 0%, medcare covers 4% of women under 65 wth dsabltes, and a small share of women (2%) s covered under other government health care, such as mltary-sponsored nsurance through ChamPus and triCare despte the array of prvate and publc health coverage optons avalable, 7%

of women ages 8 to 64 do not have health

nsurance Coverng the unnsured s a central element

or moderate ncomes in addton, a number

of nsurance reforms wll be mplemented that wll prohbt nsurers from turnng down applcants based on health status these changes wll alter the profile of women’s health coverage n years to come

sponsored, dependent 29%

sponsored, primary 32%

Employer-Uninsured 17%

Medicaid 10%

Medicare 4%

Key Findings From the Kaiser Women’s health survey 

ChaPter 2: health Coverage

the profiles of women covered by dfferent types of nsurance reflect the dfferent avenues that ndvduals obtan coverage n the u s not surprsngly, a hgher share of women wth employer-sponsored nsurance have hgher educaton levels and work full-tme, compared

to women wth other forms of coverage

on average, women who purchase ndvdual

nsurance polces are smlar to women wth employer-sponsored nsurance n that they have hgher ncome and educaton levels than women wth publc coverage or those wthout nsurance nearly half (48%) of women who purchase ndvdual nsurance also work full-tme, yet for a varety of reasons, they must purchase ther own nsurance, often because they are not offered nsurance by ther employer or ther spouses, partcularly

f they work for a small busness because women n poor health often do not qualfy for coverage n the ndvdual nsurance market, those who do purchase ndvdual polces are notably more lkely to be n better health, even than those who get nsurance through ther employers

because of the way that medcad program elgblty s desgned, women on medcad are the poorest group however, ths group

of women are also most lkely to be n poorer health, wth 30% reportng health status as far

or poor, two to three tmes the rate of those wth employer or ndvdual nsurance Whle employment s a major gateway to health nsurance, t s not a guaranteed entrance approxmately 40% of unnsured women work ether full-tme or part-tme and many more lkely have partners who are employed outsde the home, yet they stll do not have access to coverage because they cannot afford t or because they may not qualfy because of health problems

exHIBIt 2b

Characteristics of Women, by Type of Insurance

sponsored Individually purchased Medicaid uninsured

even among women who have nsurance, coverage s not always stable in addton to the 7% of women currently unnsured, 7%

of women who were nsured at the tme the survey was conducted were unnsured at some pont durng the pror year one quarter (24%) of women ages 8 to 64 are currently wthout health nsurance or have been unnsured at some pont n the past year though many of these women go wthout health nsurance for a year or less, more than half (53%) were wthout health nsurance for longer than a year; and 27% of women had long-term coverage gaps of more than four years gaps n coverage for longer perods

of tme can place women at rsk for delays

n treatment and lack of preventve care and ultmately affect health outcomes

Don’t know/

Refused 5%

More than

4 years 27%

More than

1 to 4 years 26%

1 year or less 43%

Women’s insurance coverage

status during past year: Length of time without insurance coverage:

Currently uninsured 17%

Insured full year

76%

7%

the share of women who have been unnsured for longer perods of tmes has been rsng

by 2008, 27% of unnsured women had been wthout coverage for at least four years ths s

an ncrease from 20% n 2004 ths could reflect changes n employment rates and the general downturn n the economy that occurred over ths tme

Percentage of uninsured women ages 18 to 64 reporting

they were uninsured for at least four years:

Key Findings From the Kaiser Women’s health survey 3

ChaPter 2: health Coverage

Women who are young, workng part-tme,

or unemployed are at hghest rsk for beng unnsured ths s largely due to ther lower

based coverage Full-tme employment, however, s no guarantee of coverage, as nearly one n ten women (9%) who work full-tme were unnsured

ncomes and lack of access to employment-access to and affordablty of coverage are also problems for a szable share of women n poor health, wth one n five (20%) reportng that they were unnsured these women were dsproportonately low-ncome and may have dfficulty workng due to ther health problems; they also may not be able to afford

or qualfy for ndvdual nsurance because of pre-exstng condtons

ncomes of 300% or more of poverty) are unnsured, 35% of women under the poverty lne and 29% of near-poor women (00 to

99% of poverty) were wthout coverage Poor women are unnsured at nearly nne tmes the rate of women n the hghest ncome level ths dsparty s due n part to dfferences n access to employer-based health coverage: hgher-ncome women are 6 5 tmes as lkely

as poor women to have employer-sponsored health nsurance (85% vs 3%) nearly three-fourths (73%) of poor women and half of near poor women are ether unnsured or on medcad the avalablty of medcad, whch covers 38% of poor women and 6% of near-poor women, gves many more women wth lmted resources access to coverage

of poverty)

Modest (200% to 299%

of poverty)

Higher Income (300% or more

of poverty) Other*

Medicaid Individually

purchased Employer-sponsored

Uninsured

because women of color are more lkely

to work n low-wage jobs and have dsproportonately lower ncomes, they are also less lkely to work n places that offer health nsurance to ther workers and more lkely to qualfy for medcad based on low

ncome even when employers offer coverage

to low-wage workers, t s more dfficult for low-wage workers to afford the cost of premums and some are forced to opt out lack of nsurance s a problem for women of all races and ethnctes but a staggerng 42%

of non-elderly latna women are unnsured,

a rate 2 5 tmes hgher than afrcan amercan women and 3 5 tmes whte women—and the hghest rate of unnsurance of all groups

of women examned n ths survey Just 40%

of latna women have employer-sponsored health nsurance, as compared to 67% of whte women lke latnas, afrcan amercan women have lower rates of employer-sponsored health nsurance (49%) but have hgher rates of medcad coverage (23%) than whte women

CHAPTER 3: Delivery System

havng a regular health care provder helps women mantan a consstent relatonshp wth the health care system, fosters ther use

of preventve servces, and promotes ther access to care Whle most women (83%) have

a regular provder, sgnficant dspartes exst wthn groups of women by age, race/ethncty, poverty level, and nsurance status

as women get older, they are more lkely to have a regular provder nne n ten women ages 45 to 64 report they see a provder on

a regular bass, compared to 77% of women ages 8 to 44 only two-thrds (67%) of latnas have a regular provder, a consderably lower rate than afrcan amercan (84%) and whte women (86%) smlarly, low-ncome women (7%) are much less lkely to have a regular provder than hgher ncome women (90%) insurance status s also assocated wth whether or not women have a regular provder Fewer than half of unnsured women (47%) have a provder they see on a regular bass, compared to approxmately nne n ten women wth prvate nsurance (9%), medcare (90%) or medcad (87%)

Latina African American

White RACE/ETHNICITY

Less than 200% of poverty

200% of poverty and higher

POVERTY LEVEL

Medicare

All Women 83%

45 to 64

AGE GROUP

among women who have regular provders, many (44%) also see more than one provder

to care for ther varety of health needs havng multple provders may help many women manage ther wde range of health care needs, but t also rases the mportance of contnuty and coordnaton of care between provders Conversely, 7% of women do not have an ongong relatonshp wh a provder

exHIBIt 3b

number of providers Women see

source: henry J Kaser Famly Foundaton, Kaiser Women’s Health Survey, 2008

Two or more providers 44%

One regular provider 39%

No regular provider 17%

Percentage of women ages 18 to 64 reporting they see: