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Beginning Oracle Database 11g Administration From Novice to Professional Iggy Fernandez... Beginning Oracle Database 11g Administration: From Novice to ProfessionalCopyright © 2009 by I

Beginning Oracle

Database 11g

Administration

From Novice to Professional

Iggy Fernandez

Beginning Oracle Database 11g Administration: From Novice to Professional

Copyright © 2009 by Iggy Fernandez

All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.

ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-968-3

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-968-6

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-0628-6

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Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick

Development Editor: Douglas Pundick

Technical Reviewer: Bob Bryla

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For Michelle.

“Oh Fame!—if I e’er took delight in thy praises,

’Twas less for the sake of thy high-sounding phrases, Than to see the bright eyes of the dear one discover She thought that I was not unworthy to love her.”

—Lord Byron

And for all the IT colleagues and friends who, over the years, have asked me to teach them the basics of Oracle Database.

Contents at a Glance

Foreword xvii

About the Author xix

About the Technical Reviewer xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

Introduction xxv

PART I N Database Concepts CHAPTER 1 Relational Database Management Systems 3

CHAPTER 2 SQL and PL/SQL 21

CHAPTER 3 Oracle Architecture 51

PART II N Database Implementation CHAPTER 4 Planning 65

CHAPTER 5 Software Installation 81

CHAPTER 6 Database Creation 95

CHAPTER 7 Physical Database Design 131

CHAPTER 8 User Management and Data Loading 151

N I N D E X 429

stripe data, 141

Structured Query Language See SQL

Submit Recovery Job button, 300

subqueries, 36

subquery factoring, 11, 24

success messages, 119

Supplier table, 25–28, 31–32, 38–39, 43–46

suppliername command, 22, 25–28, 30–31,

34–37, 39–46

Supplierstatus data, 33, 36–37

supplierstatus data item, 25, 34–35, 37

SYS account, 106, 319

SYS schema, 152, 185

SYSAUX tablespace, 54, 74

SYSMAN account, 106, 347

SYSTEM account, 106, 158, 319, 382

system capacity, 306

system change number (SCN), 58

System Global Area (SGA), 52, 56–57

system monitor (SMON), 59

system privileges, 165

SYSTEM schema, 185

system statistics, 391

SYSTEM tablespace, 54, 74, 281, 319

T

TAB$ table, 145

table partitioning, 66

table privileges, 165

Table Reference subdiagram, 25

(Table_1 JOIN Table_2) JOIN Table_3

expression, 14

tables, 5, 152, 391–392

tablespaces, 54

tape backups, 258–259

templates, database, 103–104

temporary files, 55, 301

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE statement,

159

TERMINAL value, 205

testing section, 348

third-party tools, 198, 218

time series, 201, 281, 322–325

TIMESTAMP value, 205

Tivoli monitoring tool, 218

tkprof utility, 358, 382

TNS_ADMIN variable, 85

tnsnames.ora file, 54, 59, 84–85

touser clause, 171 trace files, 56, 75, 313, 382 tracing jobs, 382

traditional recovery, 281, 285 Training database, 51 transaction identifiers, 285 Transaction Processing template, 104 transactions, 14–15

transparency, 345 trigger operations, 15 triggers, 40, 152 troubleshooting error codes ORA-00060, 244–245 ORA-00600, 245–250 ORA-01555, 242–243 ORA-07445, 252 overview, 240–242 example of, 227–231 five-step method, 224–225 incident versus problem management, 231–232

Internet resources, 232–236 Oracle Support, 236–239 overview, 223

problem management practices, 226–227

types of, 280–283 ts$ table, 194 Tuning Pack, 66, 120

U

UNDO_MANAGEMENT setting, 243 UNDO_RETENTION setting, 243, 283, 308

undo_tablespace parameter, 118 UNDO_TABLESPACE setting, 243 Union operator, 9

unique indexes, 133 uniqueness constraints, 16–17 UNLOCK procedure, 308 UPDATE statement, 27–28 UPPER function, 22 usable space, 75 USE_HASH hint, 388 USE_MERGE hint, 388 USE_NL hint, 388 user commits counter, 365

N I N D E X

430

user management

creating users, 158–161

giving permissions to users, 162–166

modifying user attributes, 167

overview, 151–158, 319

removing users, 167

revoking permissions granted to users,

166

USER_ view, 156

USER_OBJECTS view, 156

user-managed backups, 261

users, defined, 151

USERS tablespace, 163

utlpwdmg.sql script, 319

V

V$ARCHIVED_LOG command, 266

V$DIAG_INFO view, 203

V$EVENT_NAME view, 367

V$OSSTAT view, 216, 322

V$SESSION_EVENT table, 366

V$SESSTAT view, 365

V$SQLAREA view, 213

V$SYS_TIME_MODEL view, 322

V$SYSSTAT view, 210, 319, 322, 365–366

V$SYSTEM_EVENT view, 322, 366

VALIDATE DATABASE command, 292, 308 VARCHAR (variable character) data type, 26

variable element, 43 VAX/VMS platform, 6 verbal communication, 335 verification section, 284, 349 VERSIONS BETWEEN clause, 284 VERSIONS_STARTTIME clause, 284 VERSIONS_XID clause, 284

View Backup Report page, 207 VIEW$ table, 154

virtual columns, 387 volume managers, 107 VPD (Virtual Private Database), 17

W

wait interface, 365–366 warm standby, 339 WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending message, 231 welcome screen, 102

WHERE clause, 24–25 workload, monitoring, 209–212 WORM drives, 310

write skew, 16