a0140 sams oracle dba survival guid morebook vn 0004

Therefore, this book isdedicated to all the people along the way who took the time to teach me something.. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or tran

SURVIVAL GUIDE

Joseph B Greene

I came into this world knowing nothing Therefore, this book is

dedicated to all the people along the way who took the time to teach

me something

C OPYRIGHT © 1995 BY S AMS P UBLISHING

FIRST EDITION

All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written

permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with

respect to the use of the information contained herein Although

every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the

publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or

omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting

from the use of the information contained herein For information,

address Sams Publishing, 201 W 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290

International Standard Book Number: 0-672-30681-6

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-67649

98 97 96 95 4 3 2 1

Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit

number is the year of the book’s printing; the rightmost single-digit,

the number of the book’s printing For example, a printing code of

95-1 shows that the first printing of the book occurred in 1995

Composed in New Century Schoolbook and MCPdigital by

Macmillan Computer Publishing

Printed in the United States of America

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks

or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Sams

Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of

a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity

of any trademark or service mark

ACQUIS ITI ON S EDIT OR

Rosemarie Graham

DEVELOP MENT EDI TOR

Todd Bumbalough

SOFT WARE DEVELOPMEN T

SP E C I A L I S T

Steve Flatt

PRO D UCT IO N ED I TO R

Nancy Albright

TECHNICAL REVIEWER

Byron Pearce Mark Gokman

ED I TO RI AL CO O RDI N ATO R

Bill Whitmer

TECHNICAL EDIT

CO O R D I N A T O R

Lynette Quinn

FO R M A T T E R

Frank Sinclair

COVER DESIGN ER

Tim Amrhein

BOOK DESIGNER

Alyssa Yesh

PRODUCT ION TEAM

SU P E R V I S O R

Brad Chinn

PAGE LAYOUT

Louisa Klucznik Brian-Kent Proffitt Tina Trettin Susan Van Ness

PR O O F R E A D I N G

Nancy Price Brian-Kent Proffitt Erich Richter Susan D Van Ness Paul Wilson

IN D E X E R

Cheryl Dietsch

PRESIDENT AND PUBLISHER Richard K Swadley

ACQUISITIONS MANAGER Greg Wiegand

DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Dean Miller

MANAGING EDITOR Cindy Morrow

MARKETING MANAGER Gregg Bushyeager

PART I THE JOB OF THE ORACLE DBA

1 The World of a Database Administrator 3

2 The Database Administrator’s Job Description 13

3 History and Development of Databases and Oracle 43

PART II UNDERSTANDING HOW ORACLE WORKS

PART III INSTALLING AND UPGRADING THE ORACLE SOFTWARE

15 The Life Cycle of an Oracle Database 251

16 Choosing Products and the Environment for

17 Planning an Oracle Installation 277

PART IV DEVELOPING A DATABASE ADMINISTRATION SCHEME

PART V THE DAILY ROUTINE

PART VI MONITORING THE DATABASE’S HEALTH

PART VII DEALING WITH PROBLEMS

36 Instance and Application Crashes 563

37 When the Database Is Too Slow 575

PART VIII SUPPORTING USERS AND DEVELOPERS

PART IX ADVANCED ORACLE TECHNICAL FEATURES

45 Packages, Procedures, and Triggers 663

48 Oracle Workgroup Server and Oracle 7.2 687

G Where to Get More Information 725

H Sample System Configuration Analyses 727

planning, 258-259

README file, 312-315

storing new

software, 314

support, 318

testing, 316

troubleshooting,

325-326

UPS (uninterruptable

power supplies), 270

USE_MERGE hint, 623

USE_NL hint, 623

user account

mainte-nance, 394-408

adding new users, 399-402

changing privileges,

402-406

deleting user accounts,

406-407

granting privileges,

400-402

group accounts, 398

operating system logon

IDs, 396-399

passwords, 402

security schemes, 394-396

SQL*Net, 398

temporarily disabling

users, 407

users

administration (DBA job

description), 21, 28-32

expectations (database

speed), 578-579

future requirements

planning database

expansion, 520-522

groups (DBA continuing

education), 637-638

privileges, 177-178

requirements (database administration schemes), 335-336

server processes (Oracle), 101 service processes, 138-139 sessions, killing user sessions (SQL*DBA), 713 support

(DBA job description),

21, 28, 39-42 DBA daily routine overview, 387-388

User Manager, 65, 86

util_ck.sql script, 735 utilities, 63-65

at utility (UNIX), 374 Backup Manager, 64, 83-84

cron utility (UNIX), 374-377

Database Expander, 64, 85-86

Database Manager, 64, 83 Export, 63, 78, 90-91, 227, 238-239, 721

example, 721-722 selecting backup schemes, 241

Import, 63, 78, 90-91, 703, 720-723

command line mode, compared to interac-tive mode, 720 example, 722-723 parameters, 720-721

job submission utilities (database administration schemes), 373-377 Object Manager, 65, 86

Oracle Network Manager, 63-64

Oracle Terminal, 63 Password Manager, 64, 84 Recovery Manager, 65, 86-87

Server Manager, 81-82 Session Manager, 64, 83 SQL*DBA, 63, 78, 78-81,

703, 712-713

command line mode, 712 compared to SQL*Plus, 709

executing scripts, 370-371 functions, 80-81 killing user sessions, 713 menu mode, 712 monitor locks option, 653-654

monitoring capabilities, 713

SQL*Loader, 63, 78, 91-92, 716-717

badfile optional param-eter, 717

example control file, 717 fixed column

formats, 716 load tables, 716 log file optional param-eter, 717

population scripts, 716

SQL*Net, 64

listeners, 150 listeners process, 290 log files, 135

multi-threaded servers,

SQL*Plus, 61-62, 78,

88-90, 703, 706-709

calling, 706

compared to SQL*DBA,

709

executing shell scripts,

370-373

formatting columns, 89

output formatting,

706-708

reports, 367-369

scripts, 708-709

trace utility (optimizing

queries), 624-625

User Manager, 65, 86

utilization report

monitoring databases, 452,

462-465

troubleshooting

tablespaces, 548-551

V

varchar2 data type, 161

variables, environmental

variables, shell scripts,

371

VAX system, configura-tion, 271

vendor training pro-grams, 632-634 vendors

purchasing products, 274-276

technical support, 30-31

views, 158, 164-166,

424, 596

auditing databases, 482, 490-491

compared to summary calculation tables, 606 creating, 165

designing tables for decision support, 600-601 monitoring tablespaces, 416-418

privilege sets, 403-406 privileges, 194, 197-198 querying about privileges, 207-208

synonyms, 166-167

virtual memory, 111

W

warm backups, 226, 236-238

database administration schemes, 343

ending, 237 selecting backup schemes, 240-241

starting, 236

whenever clause (auditing databases), 489

white papers, 30 Windows, Oracle 7 pro-cesses, 151

Workgroups Server, 688-690

World Wide Web (WWW)

DBA continuing education, 636-637

technical support, 543

writing to data files, 101

X–Y–Z

X locks, 652