Travel to Japan & South Korea pot

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Japan & South KoreaIn Seoul you meet the beautiful ancient Korean culture, but at the same time you really feel that you're in one of Asia's modern m

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Japan & South Korea

Translation: Karen Rosen

All rights and copyright relating to the content of this

book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its

suppliers Content from ths book, may not be reproduced

in any shape or form without prior written permission from

Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-328-6

1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners

Eugene Park, Korean Tourism, Stig Albeck, Brian McMorrow,

Eva Lis Petersen, Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau.

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have been subject to change after this book was published.

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Japan & South Korea Kapiteloverskrift ONLIBRI

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Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Japan & South Korea

In Seoul you meet the beautiful ancient Korean

culture, but at the same time you really feel that

you're in one of Asia's modern metropolises

The capital of Southern Korea has many palaces

surrounded by green parks, and you can sense the

serenity and balance of the beautiful buildings

Seoul is endowed with many natural features; the

river, that flows calmly through the city and the

hills that both surround and form part of the city

Overlooking it all is the Seoul Tower from which

you get a good idea of the size of the city and the

contrast between the modern architecture and the

historical palaces

When the day turns into night there's a lot to do in the city that lacks nothing in the fields of shopping, eating, and sightseeing Indoor fun parks like Lotte World are very popular

Seoul is situated close to its sister country North Korea and if you can, you should take a trip to The Demilitarized Zone, where you not only come close to the country to the north but actually enter North Korean territory

Have a nice journey!

A visit to Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

Historical outline

The first settlements in Seoul can through

archaeological findings be dated back more than

6,000 years Back then there was an agricultural

settlement in the fertile area along the river Han

Seoul became the capital of Korea at the time of

the kingdom of Paekche which began in 57 BC

Seoul is simply the Korean word for capital Until

668 it was the era of The Three Kingdoms In

addition to Paekche there were the Kingdoms of

Koguryo and Shilla

In 668 the kingdom of Shilla conquered the other

two, and also Seoul which they renamed Hansong

After the unification of Korea during the Dynasty

of Koryo, which reigned from 918, the city was yet

again renamed; this time it was called Yangju, but

the name was changed again to Namgyong – the

southern capital – in 1067 At that time it was one

of three major cities in Korea

It also became the starting point for the

development of the Seoul we know today Until

then it had been a small town, primarily agricultural,

but when king Munjong in 1068 had a summer

palace built in Seoul, other groups of people went

to live there as well That was the beginning of the

city's transformation toward the important city

Seoul is today

In 1392 the Dynasty of Chosun came to power,

and the city was called Hanyang The king Yi

Song-Gye organised a thorough investigation into where

the best place for at united capital would be, if it

was to be able to develop as well as be defendable

The result was, after two years of investigating, that

Hanyang formally became the capital of the whole

of Korea and King Yi Song-Gye began to move his

administration and Court here

buildings The palace of Kyongbuk was built, and

it remained the kings' residence through several centuries The city wall, which is 17 km long, was also built It took no more than 98 days for almost 200.000 workers to build it

During the reign of the Chosun Dynasty, Korea was almost isolated from the rest of the world The biggest opening was toward the neighbours in China, and for centuries Chinese culture had a great influence on the Korean

In the beginning of the 18th century the population of the city was about 200,000 That number remained stable through the following two centuries primarily because of the isolationist policy toward the rest of the world, which meant that Korea wasn't influenced by an increase in trading 1876 became the year Korea opened up for diplomatic connexions to the western countries This created a new period of growth based on trade, production, and foreign representations

The open Korea became a part of the Japanese Empire in 1910 The city remained the

administrative centre of the Korean peninsula, but changed its name again; this time it was called Kyonsong The development did not stop with the Japanese control, and in the mid 30ies the number of inhabitants had risen to 750,000 The Japanese control ended along with World War 2, and the new and independent Korea became a reality On august 15th the city was given its current name, Seoul

In the years succeeding the independence of Korea the capital developed rapidly and in 1949 Seoul became home to several new administrative branches The city's population had grown to over 1,400,000

Shortly hereafter came the Korean War that

Historical outline

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7

Seoul had been conquered and reclaimed numerous

times, and each time there was severe fighting in

the streets

Seoul remained capital after the war, but now only

of South Korea (Pyongyang became the capital of

North Korea) Through the 1950ies and 1960ies a

colossal amount of reconstruction work took place

with the participation of the entire population and

a special law that enabled the prime minister to take

immediate action and responsibility for the

progress

During this period the area of the city was immensely expanded The old city in the northern traditional centre of Seoul has grown with the great modern areas along the river Han including blocks of flats, entertainment and shopping centres for the 10 millions and more inhabitants of today

The success of the new South Korea really came

to the attention of the whole world with the huge sports event Asian Games in 1986 and the Olympic Games two years later More recently, South Korea and Japan hosted (the) World Championships in football in 2002

Historical outline

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Japan & South Korea

by King Seongjong to become residence for Queen Dowagers

The central part, the Myeongjeon building, was built in the 14th century That makes it the oldest

of its kind in Korea The building burned down in

1592, but it was rebuilt in 1616

The park that surrounds the palace is very beautiful and here lies the Chundangji Lake that used to be a rice field The king cultivated the rice himself to better understand the ways of life of the rural population The park was changed in 1909 when the Japanese turned it into a botanical garden and a zoo (both were moved in 1983)

Tour 1: Seoul

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The palace of Changdeokgung was built by King

Taejong in 1405 to serve as (a) royal villa It

became the King's residence after the destruction

of the Gyeongbokgung palace in 1592

The surroundings of the palace with its many

pavilions are characterised by rough terrain, and

here the Korean tradition for harmony between

buildings and nature is accentuated The

architecture is very varied through the grounds, e.g

the magnificent back yard in which the many trees

and flowers almost become fused with the

pavilions

The huge Injeongjeon building is the throne room

of the palace, and is placed in the centre This is where the kings made decisions about affairs of state and held official meetings and

representations The throne room was last changed under the King Sunjo in 1804

3 The holy shrine of Jongmyo/

ᅫᒳ 㫛⵮

1-2 Hunjeong-dong, Jongno-gu Metro: Jongno 3-ga

Jongmyo is a royal shrine, built at the end of the 14th century, shortly after Seoul became the capital of Korea Four times a year the elegant and grandiose grounds formed the background of ceremonies in which the king, his sons and military leaders participated This place is considered to be one of the most important of Korean cultural history

Tour 1: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea Tour 1: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

The palace of Gyeongbokgung was built in 1395

by King Taejo The name means "shining happiness" and the palace is a tribute to the perpetual happiness and success of the Korean kings

In 1592 the palace was destroyed during the Japanese invasion and it was in ruins until its reconstruction in 1865 However, it wasn't brought back to its original form until the 1990ies

Gyeongbokgung gives the visitor a fantastic impression of Korean cultural history of earlier centuries, and the palace itself with the many different buildings and gates as well as wonderful park is a lovely place to visit

In the park one can see the Gyeonghoeru pavilion that virtually floats on the water of the artificial lake surrounding the pavilion The pavilion was built in 1412 by King Taejong, burnt down in

1592 and reconstructed in 1867 by King Gojong

Tour 2: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

In the park opposite the entrance lies the

Hyangwonjeong pavilion on an island in the small

lake, into which water pours from the cold spring

that wells up north-west of the pavilion In Korea

the number six symbolises water, and because the

pavilion is built by the lake it has the form of a

hexagon One reaches the island and pavilion by

an elegant wooden bridge called Chwihyanggyo

West of the palace of Gyeongbokgung lies the

Sajikdan altar which was built at the end of the 14th

century, as was the palace The altar was built in

honour of the gods of the earth and of good

harvest The kings would come here several times

each year and today ceremonies still take place in

spring and autumn

4a Museum of cultural history/

ῃ

ῃⰓ㭧㞯⹫ⶒὖ

On the grounds of the Gyeongbokgung palace lies

the beautiful building that houses the museum of

cultural history It is built in white marble and has a

blue tile roof

The museum portrays Korean life style and culture

from prehistoric times until the period of Joseon

You can see models of pagodas and temples as well

as different exhibitions on, for example, the

creation of the Korean alphabet

5 The Korean museum of folklore/

ῃⰓ⹒㏣⹫ⶒὖ

Metro: Gyeongbokgung

The museum lets the visitors in on everyday life in Korea from ancient times through the Bronze Age and up until the country became a monarchy Here you will find writings from the Goryeo era, wedding artefacts, clothing, and carefully crafted models of different Korean buildings such as the nine storeys high Hwangnyongsa pagoda

6 Dongnimmun/⤼ゟ䭔 ☛Ⱃⶎ

945-beonji Hyeonjeo-dong, Seodaemun-gu Metro: Dongnimmun

The impressive gate of Dongnimmun was built in

1898 as a celebration of Korea's freedom and independence You find it in the Independence Park where it stands as a monument over the Korean people's fight for their country

7 The temple of Bongwonsa/⽟㤦㌂

San 1, Bongwon-dong, Seodaemun-gu www.bongwonsa.or.kr

Metro: Dongnimmun

The temple of Bongwonsa was founded in 889 during the Silla reign However, the current temple was built under King Yeoungjo as the original was destroyed during war actions The big central building has been built without the use of nails, which is quite unique

Twice a month at the Bongwonsa temple, there is

a show of traditional Korean rituals and costumes

Tour 2: Seoul

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The palace of Gyeonghuigung was finished in 1620

and comprised more than 100 buildings and rooms

It was used as an annex to the royal residential

palace, Changdeokgung

Two great fires in the 19th century ruined most of the buildings The remains were torn down during the Japanese occupation In the 1980ies a restoration of the area began, and the Sungjeongjeon building from 1985 is particularly impressive

9 The museum of city history in Seoul/㍲㤎㡃㌂⹫ⶒὖ

2-1 Sinmunno 2-ga, Jongnu-gu www.museum.seoul.kr

Metro: Seodaemun

This museum describes the development of Seoul from 5,000 BC, both the geographical urbanisation of the area and the lives of the city's inhabitants

The museum is divided into different themes – how Seoul became the capital of Korea, the development of living conditions during the Joseon Dynasty and the royal traditions of Seoul, among other things Of the many beautiful historic objects in the museum, the majority is from the Joseon era

Tour 2: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

The Memorial Hall was founded in 1970 as a

tribute to King Sejong's achievements, not least the

creation of the Korean alphabet, Hangeul

11 The holy shrine of Dongmyo/

☯ὖ㢫⵮

238-2, Sungin-dong, Jongno-gu Metro: Dongmyo

The holy shrine of Dongmyo was built to honour the historical Chinese military leader Guanyu The place was made during the reign of King Seonjo at the end of the 16th century The king had it made because he feared a Japanese invasion In a vision

he saw Guanyu and was told that his spirit would defend Korea as a united country

Tour 3: Seoul

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15

When the Japanese invasion came in 1592 many

places and buildings in Korea were destroyed, but

the country held out and remained united Many

years after the fights Guanyu was honoured with

celebrations for the help his spirit had given Korea

At the back of the grounds there is a statue of

Guanyu; the red face being his own and the yellow

that of his spirit

12 The gate of Heung-injimun/☯╖ⶎ

Jongno 6-ga, Jongno-gu

Metro: Dongdaemun

The mighty gate of Heung-injimun (a.k.a gate of

Dongdaemun) is the eastern main entrance to

Seoul The gate was built in 1398, but has later

been changed, most recently in 1869

At the foot of the gate is the special wall built in a

semicircle to trap potential attackers The base of

the gate is made of granite and the great pavilion

that constitutes the gateway is made of wood and is

typical of the Joseon Dynasty in its design and

14 Korea's National Theatre/ῃⰓ⁏㧻

San 14-67, Jangchung-dong, Jung-gu www.ntok.go.kr

Metro: Dongguk University

Korea's National Theatre was built in 1973 It is a modern structure visibly inspired by traditional Korean architecture The theatre has three stages – one large, one small and one outdoors, and traditional plays, dance shows, ballets and operas are performed here

Tour 3: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

15 Seoul Tower/㍲㤎䌖㤢

Yongsan-dong 2-ga San 1-3, Yongsan-gu

www.seoultower.co.kr

Metro: Myeong-dong

Seoul Tower was built in the years 1969-1975 on

the peak of the Namsan Mountain The base of the

tower is built at 243 metres above sea level and the

tower itself is another 236,7 meters high In the

tower you will find an observation deck from

which there is a breathtaking view of the city and

its neighbouring areas

The tower also houses two restaurants that rotate

360Ü in one hour Especially at sunset dining here is

an interesting and beautiful experience

There are many ways of getting to the Seoul Tower

e.g by aerial cableway However, walking to the

peak of the Namsan Mountain is recommendable

16 The altar of Won-gudan/㤦ῂ┾

87-14, Sogong-dong, Jung-gu Metro: Euljiro

The incredibly beautiful temple-like altar in the garden of the Chosun Hotel is where King Gojong proclaimed himself emperor That was the beginning of the Daehanjeguk Empire and the end

of the Joseon Dynasty The garden used to be bigger but was destroyed during the Japanese occupation

17 Deoksugung Palace/ᖋ໑ᆂ

▫㑮ῗ

5-1 Jeong-dong, Jung-gu Metro: City Hall

Deoksugung Palace used to be residence of King Seongjong's brother, prince Wolsandaegun

However, approximately 100 years later, in 1593, King Seonjo came to live here temporarily

Seonjo's successor on the throne, Gwanghaegun, moved permanently into the Changdeokgung Palace in 1615 which ended the political role of the Deoksugung Palace until 1897 when King Gojong moved here

The great Junghwajeon throne room was rebuilt after a fire in 1904 The dragon on the ceiling is a symbol of King Gojongs authority – which he underlined by calling himself emperor

The Seokjojeon building is Korea's first

Tour 3: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

17

style It has both residential areas and audience

rooms Today the two wings of the building have

been converted into museums The east wing is a

part of the Royal Museum while the west wing

exhibits modern Korean art – e.g quite a few of

the National Museum’s art collections

18 Seungnyemun Gate/⋾╖ⶎ

29 Namdaemun-ro 4-ga, Jung-gu Metro: Seoul Station/City Hall

The Seungnyemun Gate (also called Namdaemun)

is one of Korea's most important buildings The gate was built in 1396-1398 and is the largest gate ever built in Korea It was the noblest entrance to the city and all representatives from, for example, China and Japan were to go through here before arriving in Seoul – therefore, it is of great importance to the Koreans The gate is especially beautiful at night because of its illumination; the roof virtually shines over the big city

There used to be a wall of defence around the gate but it was torn down during the Japanese reign of Korea

Tour 3: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea Tour 3: Seoul

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Korea's National Museum has 18 permanent

exhibitions which all relate to the country's history

More than 5,000 objects are on display – from

archaeological findings from ancient times to things

relating to the birth of modern Korea The

museum is also a cultural research and mediation

centre of traditional Korean culture

21 KLI63 Building/63 ア❿

Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu www.63city.co.kr

Metro: Yeouinaru

On the southern bank of the Han River by Yeouido Island thrones the KLI63 skyscraper – it has 3 subterranean levels, and its 60 storeys, measuring almost 400 meters, makes it the tallest building in Korea The shiny golden edifice houses

an aquarium in two of the lower storeys as well as

an IMAX cinema, and from the observation deck

on the top floor there is an amazing view of the Korean capital

Tour 4: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

22 The Bongeunsa Temple/

༝ᘽᇎ ⽟㦖㌂

Samseong-dong 73, Gangnam-gu Metro: Samseong

The Buddhist monk Yeonhoeguksa began building the Bongeunsa Temple, originally called the Gyeonseongsa, in 794 The name was changed

in connexion with a major expansion in 1498 On the temple grounds lies the Seonbuldang building,

a wooden construction on which a plaque hangs with calligraphy by the great master Kim Jeonghee

Tour 4: Seoul

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Japan & South Korea

21

Day Tours from Seoul

23 Seoul Olympic Museum/

㢂Ⱂ䞓Ὃ㤦ὒ

Bang-i-dong 88, Songpa-gu www.seoulolympicmuseum.com Metro: Mongchontoseong/Olympic Park

Seoul hosted the Olympic Games in 1988 and in the city's Olympic Museum you can see Olympic highlights again and get a picture of the influence they have had on Seoul and Korea There is also

an exciting exhibit about the Olympic Games' history that stretches more than 100 years back

The museum can be found in the Olympic city, not far from the stadium where the games took place

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Japan & South Korea

24 The Demilitarized Zone/DMZ

50 km N

www.korea-dmz.com

Korea has been split between North and South

Korea After the Korean War, the Demilitarized

Zone / DMZ was established The zone crosses

the entire country from east to west and stretches

over 2 km on either side of the actual border DMZ

is a very firm symbol of the Cold War that marked

the world after World War 2 Today the zone is a

fascinating blend of excitement and peace

You should visit the DMZ on an arranged trip

because of the general formalities of getting into

and out of the area and in connexion with some of

the specific sights

24a Imjingak/㧚㧚㰚ṗ

1325-1 Majeong-ri, Munsan-eup, Paju-si, 54 km

NW

Station: Imjingak

Imjingak, which lies 7 km from the DMZ, is the

centre of tourist information about the Korean

issue The area of Imjingak was built in 1972 and it

comprises a memorial park, various monuments, a

North Korean centre and the Imjingak building

itself

Here you can see various (typical) objects from the

Korean conflict, e.g tanks You can also see the

Gyeongui Railroad, which was destroyed in 1950

24b The Third Tunnel/䎆⍦

Jeomwon-ri, Gunnae-myeon, Paju-si, 58 km NW

The Third Tunnel was discovered in 1978 The tunnel leads from South to North Korea and the discovery raised speculations on either side as to whether it was made for a possible invasion The tunnel is built so as to let approximately 10.000 soldiers through in one hour Close to the tunnel

is the Mt Dorasan Observation Platform from which you can overlook the area and also see into North Korea Imjingak is a good place to start from if you wish to see these places

24c Panmunjeom/䕦ⶎ㩦

Eoryong-ri, Jinseo-myeon, Paju-si, 70 km NV

Panmunjeom lies in the Joint Security Area in the DMZ Panmunjeom consists of several former administrative buildings and is now the only place where South and North Koreans can meet In

1951 peace negotiations were held in these buildings and the Red Cross held an international conference here in 1971

As a tourist it is possible to come from South Korea into North Korean territory There is a list

of specific rules that apply and you should be aware that it is only possible on arranged trips Remember your passport and to ask about special requirements regarding clothing, for example

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23

25 Suwon Hwaseong/㑮㤦䢪㎇

Jangan-gu, Gwonseon-gu, 50 km S

Station: Suwon

The impressive fortress of Hwaseong was built in

1794-1796, during the last part of the Joseon

Period The walls of the fortress are 5,5 km long

and have four gates; the North Gate, Janganmun,

the South Gate, Paldalmun, the East Gate,

Changryongmun and the West Gate, Hwaseomun

The fortress has numerous defence systems and

buildings, e.g mighty towers However, it has been

under attack many times, and part of the walls and

other constructions are destroyed In the latter half

of the 1970ies most of Hwaseong has been

restored, though, and is today a fascinating image

of the fortress building of the period

26 The Graves of Donggureung/☯ῂ⯟G

Inchang-dong 62, Guri-si, 10 km E Metro: Cheongnyangni

In a beautiful forest lie 17 graves from the Joseon Period of which nine are proper mausoleums Among them you find the mausoleum of King Taejo, who founded the Joseon Dynasty and ruled from 1335 to 1408 Taejo's mausoleum is called Geonwonneung

The area is so beautiful that just taking a walk amongst the mausoleums is part of the experience

It has plants brought here by King Taejo, thus having witnessed 600 years of Korean history

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Japan & South Korea

27 Suwon Namhansanseong/

⋾䞲㌆㎇

Jungbu-myeon, Gwangju-si, 30 km SW

Station: Sanseong

The fortress of Namhansanseong is situated high

in the Namhansan Mountains outside of Seoul The mountains are known for their beauty in all seasons – and in addition to the beauty of the place, is has a wonderful view of Seoul and the surrounding Gyeonggi area from the highest peak, Iljangsan

The fortress itself was first built about 2000 years ago However, the present one is from the Joseon Period and was built in 1621 A walk along the fortress walls and in the inner and outer courtyard

is both beautiful and interesting

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Achim Goyo Arboretum is also called The Garden

of Morning Calm The arboretum was laid out in

1996 by the garden professor Han Sang-Kyeong

who wanted to create a unique garden according to

a perfect Korean pattern

The garden has 10 theme gardens and more than

1000 different plants There is the typical Korean garden, the wild flowers garden, the sculptural garden, Bunjae, and perhaps the most popular, the Hagyeong garden with its observation tower from which you can see the entire beautiful arboretum

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Japan & South Korea

Seoul for children

COEX Aquarium / 䆪㠧㓺ⴆ (Samseong-dong,

Dongdaemun Market (Dongdaemun-gu)

Doosan Tower (18-12 Euljiro 6/yuk-ga):

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Metro Map

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Japan & South Korea

Facts about South Korea

Political

╖䞲⹒ῃ

Independence achieved 15 from Japan, august 1948

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Borders on

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Japan & South Korea

Largest urban areas

THE BEST MASTER

IN THE NETHERLANDS

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Division into districts

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Japan & South Korea

Prime Ministers since 1963

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Japan & South Korea

Holidays and memorial days

Date varies, usually May Buddha Day

Date varies, usually September 3 days of harvest festival

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Japan & South Korea

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Japan & South Korea

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37 Kapiteloverskrift ONLIBRI

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Japan & South Korea

A visit to Osaka &

Kyoto

www.tourism.city.osaka.jp

http://raku.city.kyoto.jp/sight_e.phtml

www.jnto.go.jp

Osaka and Kyoto are not far apart and together

they constitute a great opportunity of seeing one of

Japan's largest and most modern cities, Osaka, and

Japan's stronghold of history and culture, Kyoto

Osaka is Japan's second largest urbanised area after

Tokyo-Yokohama and the metropolis offers

everything you can possibly want from a modern

big city Next to the skyscrapers lie beautiful

historic buildings as witnesses of the city's rich past,

e.g the Osaka Castle, an example of true Japanese

architecture

Kyoto is Japan's number one city in preserved historic buildings It used to be the capital of Japan, and all the monumental palaces, temples, pagodas, etc from that period of greatness are preserved Kyoto, therefore, is a must-see if you wish to get the best possible picture of Japan's history

Osaka and Kyoto are close to each other and it takes no time at all to get from one to the other by train Both cities are absolutely fascinating

Have a nice journey!

A visit to Osaka & Kyoto

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Historical outline

Osaka

The history of Osaka dates back a long way, but

the city's development into one of Japan's biggest

and most important cities started in the 16th century

After having led the unification of Japan, Toyotomi

Hideyoshi decided to build a castle there

Traders moved to live next to the castle and the

city fast became the leading commercial centre of

the area When the Tokugawa shogunate was

established in 1603, the government left it entirely

to Osaka to continue its growth and commercial

success, which was a highly contributory factor in

the cementation of its position as this part of

Japan's leading economical centre – a position the

city still holds today

Osaka was, among other things, known for its

textile industry, but the industrialisation of the area

in the 20th century brought with it a change to

heavy industries and the founding of several

financial institutions Osaka was the driving force

in Japan until Tokyo took over

The headquarters of many companies have been

moved from Osaka to the capital Tokyo, but the

city has maintained its position as the power centre

of the region Internationally Osaka stood out as

the host of the Japanese World Exhibition in 1970

In that context the new part of the city to the north

was laid out with the Shin-Osaka railway station at

its centre

The economic development of the city is mirrored

by the very modern city, but at the same time you

can see its historical roots in the amazing temples

and, of course, in the old castle of Toyotomi

Hideyoshi

Kyoto

Emperor Kammu made Kyoto the capital of Japan in 794 after 10 years of imperial residence in the neighbouring city of Nagaoka Kyoto held on

to that status until 1868 when Tokyo was made the country's imperial government city

Kyoto is built in accordance with traditional Chinese geometry in its planning One of the models was the capital of the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an, in the province of Xi'an in mainland China However, through the centuries the Japanese citizens of Kyoto developed their own version based on Japanese culture, the so-called hiragana, apparent in the countless historic buildings in the elegant city

For long periods of time Kyoto wasn't only the capital in name, it was the economical, cultural, and administrative centre However, from time to time another city would be political government city, e.g Kamakura in the 13th and 14th centuries, and Edo from 1603 to 1868

Mongolian armies would invade Japan in the final years of the 13th century, but they were defeated

by a typhoon, the so-called divine wind, Kamikaze Peace was re-established by Emperor Go-Daigo Also under Go-Daigo began a cultural boom in Kyoto – the Ashikaga Period Many beautiful temples and gardens remain from that period

However, the tensions between regional leaders grew in the rest of Japan and in 1467 the 10 year long Onin War began Tough battles were fought right into the centre of Kyoto which was partly ruined Still, the city prevailed – also as capital – but the following decades were marked by a large number of regional fights

Historical outline

Trang 40

Japan & South Korea

The Emperors Nobunaga and Hideyohshi united

the country under the central power in Kyoto and

rebuilt the city in 1568-1590 The city then

numbered more than 500.000 inhabitants

During Edo's position as the country's political

centre of power from 1603, Kyoto remained the

spiritual and cultural centre No other city in the

empire had temples and cultural institutions which

could match Kyoto's, and that is still the case today

During the 2nd World War Kyoto was spared bombardments because of the city's unique cultural and architectural inheritance After the war the city was maintained as focal point for traditional Japanese culture and as an educational centre The University of Kyoto has produced many winners of the Nobel Prize

During the long economical boom after 1945, the industry of the city was also developed, but the culture is still the trademark of the beautiful city From the 1970's the tourism in the city has risen greatly

Historical outline

Tiêu đề	Travel to Japan & South Korea pot
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS, Karen Rosen
Thể loại	Essay
Năm xuất bản	2008

Định dạng
Số trang	91
Dung lượng	7,26 MB