l.DATVANDE Ngay nay, phan Idn cae cP sd san xuat tw Cung vdi qua trinh hien dai hda, edng Viet Nam dang dan dan sfl dung edng nghi gia nghiep hda dat nflde, nganh San xuat eO khi biln cd
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TRUC DE BAN
RESEARCH, DESIGN AND BUILD A MINI CNC MILLING
MACHINE WITH 3 AXES
ThS Nguyen Hong Linh
Khoa Cdng nghe Co khi, Trfldng Dai hpc Dien lflc
TOMTAT
Vng dung cong nghe mdi ludn ludn la nhu cdu cap bdch cua moi nen san xuat vd moi quoc gia Bdi bdo trinh bay qua trinh thiet ke, che tao mdy phay CNC ba true dibdn vdi muc dich nang cao khd nang dao tao cong nghe mdi trong cdc trUdng dai hoc vd cao ddng cung nhd ddn tiep can vdi cong nghe cao trong qud trinh hoa nhdp vdi nen cd khi the gidi
Tfl khoa: Td dong, che tao, cong nghe, mdy
ABSTRACT
Applying new technology is always the urgent demand of manufacturing industry of every country This report presents the workflow of designing and building a mini CNC machine with 3 axes with the purpose to improve qualification of teaching new technology in universities,colleges and gradually ap-proach modern technology in the intergratingprocess with modern mechanics
Keywords: Automatic, manufacture; Industry, machine
l.DATVANDE
Ngay nay, phan Idn cae cP sd san xuat tw Cung vdi qua trinh hien dai hda, edng Viet Nam dang dan dan sfl dung edng nghi gia nghiep hda dat nflde, nganh San xuat eO khi biln cdng so CNC de thay the cac phflong phap gia
nay ddi hdi kha nang tfl ddng va sfl linh boat ngay cdng truyen thdng tai cac cd sd san xuat cua hp
cang cao De dap flng dflpe dieu nay thi viec dfla Nam bat xu thi phat trien chung cua xa hoi, khoa vao sfl dung cae may gia cdng ky thuat sd CNC la Cong nghe Co Khi trfldng Dai hpc Dien Lflc da dieu kiln tien quyet trong qua trinh san xuat Vile nghien eflu va triln khai de tai "Tim hieu, nghien dfla may CNC vao sfl dung trong cac nganh san eflu va che tao may phay CNC 3 true de ban", xuat da giup eho cae doanh nghiep tang eao kha nham muc dich giam thieu chi phi va thdi gian nang gia cdng cflng nhfl cai thien dp tin cay cua trong vile trang bi cac may gia cdng dat tien cung san pham nhd vao cae flu diem vflpt trdi so vdi nhfl dap flng nhu eau dao tao cua nha trfldng va cac may gia cdng thdng thfldng xa hdi
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2 TONG QUAN M A Y GIA CONG
a) Pham vi ting dung cia mdy
Than may CNC bao gom: Vitme dai dc bi,
thanh dan hfldng, ddng co true ehinh, ddng co
bfldc va vd may
May phay CNC ba true de b a n c o the dflpc Vd may: Vd may la npi chiu tai trpng sfl dung de thay the cac thilt bi dat tien nhap chinh cho toan bd may nen de tai Ifla chpn vat ngoai trong viec dao tao tay n g h i eho cdng nhan lieu gia cdng la hpp kim nhdm A6061, rieng phan hoac trong cae phdng thi nghiem eua cac trfldng d l may dflpc c h i tao tfl thep C45 de tang dp cflng dai hpc, cao dang vflng cho may CNC
b) Thdng sd mdy gia cdng
> Tdc dd quay cua true ehinh: Smax=1500 (v/p);
> D u n g c u eat: (|>2 c|)6 (mm)
> Kich thflde may: 600x400x600
> Hanh trinh may:
+ True X: 240 (mm);
+ True Y: 280 (mm);
+ True Z: 200 (mm);
> vat lieu gia cdng: Gd, nhfla, meca, nhdm
> Khdi Iflpng may: 100 kg
> Dpng CO truyen ddng: Dpng cd Step 24V - 3A;
> Ddng CO true chinh: Spindle 1.5 kw;
> Phan mem d i l u khiln: Mach3
Hinh 3.1: Bdn ve lap mdy phay CNC
Hai thanh ben cua vd may dflpc che tao each dieu de tang hanh trinh true X cho may
Hinh 2.1: Mo hinh mdy phay CNC
3 NGHIEN C t r u T H I E T KE VA LAP RAP
M A Y PHAY CNC 3 TRUC
May C' ^ 3 true dflpc che tao gom ba bd
phan chir' ' " ^^Y' ^^ ^^^^ khien va phan
mem gif ''-r
a)V dntnay
Hinh 3.2: Bdn ve bdn dd true Y
Dpng CO true chinh: Chuyen ddng quay
eua true ehinh se sinh ra lflc cat d l cat gpt phdi trong qua trinh gia cdng True ehinh trong may cdng cu ddng vai trd quan trpng trong qua trinh gia cdng vi nd cung cap tdc dd cat cho dao
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Vdi eac thdng sd dau vao chinh nhfl: He thdng thanh dan hfldng: Thanh dan
Dfldng kinh dao: D ^ ^ = 6 (mm); Vat Heu ed a^^^ hfldng ed nhiem vu la dan hfldng cho eac chuyen
= 750 (N/mm^); Chieu sau phay: t ^ ^ = 3 (mm) ta dpng cua ban may theo phflOng cac true X, Y va xac dinh dflpc edng suat cua dpng cP la: chuyin dpng len xudng theo true Z cua true ehinh
Yen eau cua he thong thanh trflpt phai thang co kha nang chiu tai eao, cflng vflng tdt, khdng ed 7/ hien tflpng dinh, trPn khi trflpt
P V
N,=^^ = l,42kw
De tai da Ifla chpn ddng eP true chinh la
Spindle DC cd cdng suat 1.5kw vdi sd vdng quay
cflc dai la 4000 vdng/ phflt
Hien nay, tren cac may gia edng CNC edng nghiep, ngfldi ta thfldng sfl dung eac thanh dan hfldng la thanh trflpt hinh chfl n h | t Tuy nhien, san pham eua d l tai dflpc e h i tao vdi muc dich chinh la giang day va gia cdng cac vat heu mem nen he thong thanh dan hfldng eho eac true dflpc chpn la thanh dan hfldng cd tilt diln trdn dflpe phu Idp Crom de tang dp bong va cac 6 bi trflpt bi tfl hdi
Hinh 3.3: Dong cd true chinh
Vitme dai dc bi: Vdi yeu eau cua may la
truyen ddng phai em va chinb xac, sau khi so sanh
flu nhflpe dilm cua vitme thfldng va vitme dai 6e
bi de tai da quyet dinh Ifla chpn vitme dai dc bi lam
CO cau truyen ddng ddng eo l/u diem cua dang
vit me dai 6c bi la ma sat sinh trong truyen ddng
la ma sat lan va dp ehinh xac truyin ddng eao Vdi
viec loai bd dflpc dang ma sat trflpt thfldng sinh
ra trong eac eo cau vit me thi vit me dai de bi dem
den mot flu diem: ehi can mdt lflc quay rat nhd da
cd the lam cho dai de ehuyin ddng Tfl edng thfle
xac dinh dfldng kinh true vit me dai 6c bi la:
— = 13mm
Vdi ket qua tinh toan tren ta ed the chpn
cae loai vitme theo tieu chuan cd dfldng kinh 0 1 6
m m va bfldc vit 5 mm
Hinh 3.4: Vit me bi true Z
Hinh 3.5: Thanh ddn hudng
Dpng CO dieu khien 3 true X, Y, Z: Vdi cac
thdng sd da dflpc xac dinh nhfl: Kich thflde vitme, lflc cat, De tai da Ifla chpn ddng eo truyen ddng
la loai ddng co bfldc 2 phase vdi ddng dien cflc dai
3A va mdmen xoan cflc dai la 1.8 Nm
Uu diem cua loai ddng co bfldc la: Dp
chinh xac dich chuyen cao, dich chuyin nhanh va khdng can maeh phan hdi
b) Tii dieu khien
Tfl dieu khien dflpc cau thanh tfl cac bp phan chinh: Nguon, maeh drive dieu khien dpng
CO, maeh driver dieu khien true ehinh va maeh
giao tiep
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Ngudn: Nguon eua tu dien la bd biln dien de nudi ddng cp true chinh va tao dao ddng
ap chmh luu dung de chuyen dien ap xoay ehieu de lam thay doi tdc dp ddng co qua bd phan mem 220V xuong diep ap mdt chieu on dinh 24V Diln dieu khien tfl may tinh de ban
ap mpt chieu nay ed nhiem vu nudi cae maeh
driver dieu khien 3 true chinh eua may CNC
Maeh driver dilu khien ddng co bfldc:
De dieu khien dflpe ddng eo bfldc truyen chuyen
ddng cho vitme bi thi ta can phai thiet ke 3 diver
tflOng flng de on dinh tin hieu truyin, qua tim
hieu va so sanh de tai da Ifla chpn phflong an thilt
k l maeh dieu k h i l n la maeh TB6560 vdi cac flu
diem la gpn va dp ehinh xac d i l u khien eao
Hinh 3.8: Sd do maeh in 2D driver true chinh
- Maeh giao tilp: Cd rat nhieu loai maeh
giao tilp, tuy thupc vao ylu cau che tao, c h i dp lam viec cua tflng loai may CNC de thiet ke maeh giao tilp cho phfl hpp vdi may Maeh giao tiep cd nhiem vu kit noi gifla may tinh PC va maeh dilu khien ddng eo, cae edng tac hanh trinh, nut dflng khan cap Maeh giao tilp BOB dfla tin bieu tfl may tinh gian tilp tac ddng vao maeh dieu khien driver, dong thdi khi tin hieu qua maeh d i m se dflpc on dinh hOn ve dfldng truyen va bao ve cho cong LPT cua may tinh khi xay ra sfl eo
Tren thfle te thi may tinh hoan toan ed kha nang ket ndi trflc tiep den cac trinh dilu khien, nhflng neu lam nhfl vay thi nguy cP rui ro, hong bdc la kha eao Bdi vay ebung ta nen sfl dung den maeh giao tiep de ed the dam bao an toan eho may lam viec
Hinh 3.7: Sd do maeh nguyen ly
Macii driver dieu khien true ehinh:
Nhiem vu ehinh eua maeh driver dilu
y^j, true chinh la: Chinh Iflu edng suat ddng
Hinh 3.9: Maeh giao tiep
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Hinh 3.10: Sd do maeh nguyen ly
Tu dieu khien sau lap rap:
m w W ^ y W 1
1 ^: •'.:^B 1
«
Hien nay, cd n h i l u phan mem dflpe thiet
ke de sfl dung dilu khien chflOng trinh trong may CNC, tuy nhiln, de phfl hpp vdi tinh nang sfl dung cua may da c h i tgio, de tai da chpn phan men Mach3 lam phan mem dieu khien dpng co trong may CNC Maeh3 la phan mem cua hang Art-Soft, ban dau dflpc thiet k l danh eho nhflng ngfldi
c b l tao may CNC tai nha theo sd thich nhflng da nhanh chdng trd thanh phan mem dieu khien linh boat trong cdng nghiep vdi cae tinh nang: Bien may tinh ca nhan thanh mot bp dilu khien may CNC 6 true; Cho phep import trflc tiep eac file dxf, bmp, jpg va hpgl thdng qua phan mem LazyCam; Hien thi G-code trflc quan; Tao file G-code thdng qua LazyCam hoac Wizards; Giao dien ed the tuy bien hoan toan theo y tbieh ngfldi sfl dung ; Tuy bien M-code va Macro bang each sfl dung VBscript; Dieu khien dflpc nhieu rple ddng-cat
Chflc nang chinh cua phan m i m Mach3 la ndi suy tpa dp, giai ma xuat tin hieu xuong drive cac true va xuat tin hieu dieu khien di qua maeh dem BOB
Hinh 3.11: Tu dieu khien mdy CNC
c) Phan mem dieu khien
Hmh 3.12: Giao dien phan mem Mach3 Hinh 3.13: Sd do cdc bUdcgia cdng
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4 KET LUAN
^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ B HB\
^^^^^^RHI^^^^^^^^ '^si
"M
Hinh 4.1: Mdy phay CNC 3 true
Vile nghien eflu va che tao thanh cdng may CNC 3 true de ban ed the gia cdng dflpc cae be mat phflc tap tren cac vat lieu: Nhdm, ddng, mika, Da khlng dinh dflpc viec flng dung ly thuyet dao tao ciia Trfldng Dai hpc D i l n lflc vao thfle tien c b l tao la vile hoan toan cd the thfle bien dflpc
May CNC 3 true de ban dflpe c b l tao thanh cdng se md ra hfldng di mdi cho cac trfldng dai hpc va eao dang trong viec giam thieu thdi gian cung nhfl chi phi dau tfl vao trang thilt bi dat tien cua nha trfldng va tranh phu thupc cac cac thilt bi nhap ngoai trong san xuat cung nhfl giang day.<*
Tai lieu tham khao:
[ 1 ] Tran Van Dich( 1999), "Cdng nghe CNC\ NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Ha Npi
[2] Nguyen Dac Lpc, Tang Huy (1999), "Dieu khien so vd cong nghe tren mdy dieu khien so", NXB Khoa hpc va
Ky thuat Ha Noi
[3] Nguyen Van Yen, Ngd Tan Thdng (2000), "MastercamX- Lap trinh CNC nang cao", NXB Giao thong Van
tai
I4] Khoa Co khi TrUdng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi (2002) "So tay Cdng nghe Che tao mdy", NXB Khoa hpc
va Ky thu?t
[5] PGS,TS Tran Van Dich (2000), "So tay Atlas dogd", NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Ha Noi
[6] PGS,TS Tran Van Dich (2000), "Thiet kedo an Cong nghe Che tao mdy", NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi 17) Tran Van Dich (2009), "Cong nghe che tao mdy", NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi
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