Hien cd hai phuang phap u than cay ngd dugc ap dung: i Phuong phap ii thii cflng thuc hien dan gian nhung cho nang suat va chat lugng u khdng cao; ii Phucmg phap su dung hfl u cdng nghie
Trang 1MOT SO VAN DE KHI THIET KE, CHE TAG MAY EP - BONG BAO CAY NGO SAU BAM VA TRQN, C 6 N G SUAT 01 TAN/H
Phan van Nghi', Nguyin Thii Binh', Le Quang Duy', Cao Thanh Long'
'Trudng Dgi hgc Ky thudt Cong nghiep - DH Thdi Nguyen
^Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen
TOM T A T
B^i bdo nay trinh bay cdch thiic thiet kl may ep - dong bao hSn hgp than, la cay ngo sau bSm va phia Bac Cac vin de ve cau tnic va cdc thfing sfl dflng hpc mdy ciing nhu kha nang cong nghS ciia may dugc tinh toan, thiet kl tren co sd cdc mdy ep lam viec theo nguyen ly ep vit dim Cdc van dl dgng lire hpc may dupe tinh todn theo cac phucmg phdp co hpc truyen thong Ket qua van hanh thu nghiem khi ep - dong bao thii hon 10 tin nguyen li#u cho thiy mdy lam viec ddm bao c6ng suat thiet ke va phii hgp vdi chi tieu "Sudt tieu hao nang lugng" dl ra
Tfr khoa: A/a^ ip - ddng bao; u ure cdy ngd; thitc dn cho dai gia sue vi mua ddng
GIOI THIEU
Nhieu nghien cuu chi ra ring, thuc an xa ly
tuoTig cho gia sue nhai lai chti yeu la co xanh,
nhung nang suat va san lugng co xanh Igi
thay doi theo thdi tifit, dgc bi^t la trong vu
Ddng d mien mii cac tinh viing Tay Bac Do
vay, viec giai quyet du thii'c an xa cho gia siic
nhai Igl trong vu Ddng tai cac tinh trong vting
la het sue can thiet va cd y nghta quyet dinh
trong viec phat trien dn dinh nganh chan nudi
cac gia siic an cd nay [ 1 ]
Cac ngudn thtic an nay chii yeu la than, la cay
ngfl, sin, mia, ram ra, v.v Trong dd, than cay
ngfl sau thu hoach bap co ham lugng dinh
duang cao va cd san lugng Idn [2]
Hien cd hai phuang phap u than cay ngd dugc
ap dung: (i) Phuong phap ii thii cflng thuc
hien dan gian nhung cho nang suat va chat
lugng u khdng cao; (ii) Phucmg phap su dung
hfl u cdng nghiep cho nang suit va chat lugng
li cao nhung chi phi Idn, chi phu hpp vdi chan
nudi cong nghiep Ca hai phuong phap li tren
diu chua phil hgp vdi mfl hinh chan nudi gia
trai va trang trai nhd [2, 3],
Nhdm tac gia de xuat mdt phuang phap u
urea than, la cay ngfl nhu sau: Hda tan urea,
mufli va ri mgt dudng vao nude theo ty le
nhat dinh Sau dd, tudi nhd gipt dung dich
Tel 0977 599357, Email: phannghi@tnut.edu v,
nay vao cay ngd da dugc bam theo qui each
va trpn deu Thuc an sau khi trdn dugc ep, nen, day ca ban khdng khi ra ngoai va dugc ddng goi trong bao kin khi Bang each nay, cay ngd sau bam dugc cho vao may ep de vii'a
ep CO ban khdng khi ra ngoai, viia khdng lam anh hudng den ket cau xa cua thuc an cung nhu giu' Igi dugc cac phu gia trong hdn hgp, Sau khi ep, hdn hgp duoc may ddn vao tiii ni Idng va dugc hiit chan khdng, han mieng tiil
de dam bao lupng khi tdi da cdn lai trong ttii trong pham vi cho phep va hfln hgp khdng bj anh huoTig bdi moi trudng ben ngoai trong qua trinh bao quan
Trong bai bao nay, nhdm tac gia chu ylu tap trung nghien cii'u thiet ke may ep hfln hgp th^n cay ngd vao bao cho qua trinh hiit chan khflng, han mieng bao va ii urea bao quan hfln hgp thiic Sn lau dai
May ep va dong bao theo qui trinh neu tren can dam bao cac yeu cau sau:
+ Nang suat: Tdi thieu la 1 tan/h, tuong ducmg vdi 40 bao 25 kg
+ Van hanh, sii dung may: May phai dugc thiet ke thuan tien cho ngudi van hanh, sii dung va bao dudng,
+ Khfli lupng rieng hfln hgp thii'c an: Khoang
300 kg/m^ sau ep, + Lugng khi con Igi trong hfln hgp: Nhd han 5% tdng the tich hdn hgp,
Trang 2+ Kich thudc bao: Phil hgp vdi cac kich thudc
bao sin cd tren thi trudng,
+ Dp kin kbit bao: Bao sau khi ddng phai dam
bao khflng dl khflng khi Ipt vao bao trong
khoang thdi gian 6 din 9 thang,
+ Suit tieu hao nang lugng (lugng dien nang
may tieu thu de san xuat 01 tan san pham): <
lOkW/tSn
THIET KE M A Y EP - DONG BAO
Chpn md hinh nguySn ly may
Cac du lieu dau vao ctia may bao gflm: Logi
nguyen lieu la than, la cay ngd sau trpn vdi dp
am khoang 25 din 30 %, khoi lugng rieng tir
150 den 180 kg/m"\ nang suat cap lieu tdi
thieu la 1 tan/h
Cac bfl phgn quan trpng ciia may bao gflm:
Bp phgn cap lieu, bp phan ep, bp phgn dinh
lupng, bd phan ddng bao
Lw3 chon phtfong phdp cdp lieu:
Hien nay, doi vdi loai lieu thd, rdi nhu hfln
hgp than cay ngd va cac phy gia sau trpn, cd
the su dung nhieu phuang phap cap lieu
Nhom tac gia chpn phuong phap cap lieu theo
day chuyen cho tfl hpp may n^y vl nd gan nhu
khflng phat sinh them chi phi thiit bj va nhan
cdng Nhu vay, hfln hgp sau trdn se dugc xa
thang xuong may ep - ddng bao
Lua chgn phuang phdp ep hon hgp thdn cdy
ngo vd phy gia:
Hi?n nay, cd nhilu phuong phap ep hfln hgp
thuc an b5ng miy: Sir dyng may ep thuy luc,
bang vit me - dai oc, ep bang may ep true
khuyu, ep biing vit dim May ep b5ng vit dim
cho phep qua trinh ep lien tyc, cho chat lupng
san phdm dflng deu, de bfl tri theo day
chuyen Tuy nhien, cac canh vit ciia may de
bi mai mdn va cdng suat tieu hao dien nang
Idn Day chinh la hai van dl ca ban nhom tac
gia phai giai quylt khi thiit kl may ep nay
Qua cac phan tich tren, nhdm tac gia lua chpn
phuang phap diing vit diin dl ep va ddng bao
hfln hgp ihiic an vk phy gia sau trgn Cflng
dogn sti dung may ep vi't dim chti yeu dl diy
ca ban khdng khi ra khdi hdn hpp nhSm dam bao ket cau xa ciia than cay ngd, dam bao cac phu gia khdng bj mit mM khi ep va giam tieu hao dien nang so vdi qua trinh ep chgt (diy gan nhu hoan toan khdng khi ra khoi hfln hgp) Su dung may hut chan khdng kit hpp han kin miSng tiii de hut lugng khi con lai trong hon hgp va de dam bao thdc an khong
bi anh huong bdi mdi trudng ben ngoai trong qua trinh li bao quan
Lgu chgn phuong phdp dinh lugng:
Trong mpt gid, may ep va ddng bao phai tgo ra
it nhat 40 bao vdi khfli lupng khoang 25 kg/bao,
De dam bao mdi bao cd khoi lugng khoang 25
kg, can cd bp phgn dinh lupng sau ep Vdi cac bao thiic an chan nudi, dp chinh xac
vl khdi lugng khflng y6u cau cao nhung yeu cau dan gian, nhdm nghien ciiru su dung phuang phap djnh lirpng bing thi tich khoi hfln hgp sau ep de thi8t ke bp phan djnh lupng cua may
Vdi m§i khoi luang m can dinh lugng, cd:
_ n.D\L.r
Can dting, coi hdn hop thuc an sau ep ia hlnh try vdi dudng kinh D (m); L (m) la chieu dai hinh try; y (kg/m^) la khdi lugng rieng banh lieu sau ep
DS tgo ra duoc khfli lupng m (kg), mdi bao se chiia dogn hdn hpp sau ep cd chieu dai L theo:
Cdng thuc (2) dugc su dyng de xac dinh vj tri cQ' hgn tren may ep
Lua chgn phuang phdp ddng bao:
Khoi hfln hgp sau ^p can duoc bao quan kin khi de dam bao qua trinh li urea dupe dien ra binh thudng cung nhu thuSn tien cho qua trinh bao quan, van chuyen, su dyng Vdi yeu cau dd, mipng bao phai dam bao dp kin khit
va ben lau
Hien nay, thudng sti dyng cac kieu ddng bao sau: Ddng hop, ddng bao bang thanh k^p,
Trang 3ddng bao bang chi may, ddng bao bang quan,
ddng bao bang han nhiet mieng bao Trong
do, han nhiet la phuang phap cho dp kin khit
va nang suat cao, tuy nhien vat lieu lam bao
cSn lim tti nhua PE Vdi yeu cau cao ve dp
kin khit bao sau ddng va nang suat dong bao,
nhdm nghiSn cdu lua chpn kieu ddng bao
bang han nhiet
Kich thuoc bao can thda man cac cdng thuc sau:
A> va / / > ^ ^ - i - A L (cm) (3)
2 A y
Vdi A va H (cm) lan lugt la chieu rdng va
chieu cao cua bao d trgng thai xep hoan toan
Cdn AL la chieu cao phan them so vdi chieu
cao ciia khoi hon hgp ep de cd the ddng bao
de dang
Hlnh 1 Kich thuac bao gdi cho hdn mieng bao
Thiet ke phan ep hon hpp thirc an
Thiet ke dgng hgc mdy:
Qua trinh ep hdn hgp thuc an sau trgn thanh
khdi va dun vao bao chiia dugc thuc hien theo
nguyen ly the hien tren hinh 2
Hinh 2 Sa do nguyin ly may ip vU dun
Hdn hgp thtic an dugc dau ra cua may trfln
cap vao pheu va dugc vit ep di chuyen va 6p
chat vl phia khudn dl tgo ra lien tuc khoi hon
hgp hinh tru co dudng kinh D Bao dugc cdng
nhan Iflng vao khudn ep va qua trinh ep dun
se day hon hgp vao bao va day bao ra vj tri
hiit chan khdng Bao chiia hfln hgp se dugc
cdng nhan thuc hien qua trinh hut chan khdng
va han mieng bao tren may hut chan khdng
chuySn dung (cd san tren thi trudng)
v l mat ddng hgc bd phan ep dim: Truyen
dgng dugc dSn dgng tu dgng ca qua hop giam
toe va truyen den true vit ep So do dpng hpc ciia phiin ep duoc the hien tren hinh 3
(M)
nv
1 2^1 -''3 '^mk
Iv
Hlnh 3 So do cdu trite dgng hoc phan ep
Thong s6 dpng hpc quan trpng nhat cua phan
ep chinh la toe do quay ciia true vit ep (Uv),
duoc xac djnh nhu sau: riy = nj^ iy
P
Va n„
Vai:
47D,.'.S, •ii.-r-l' (4) [4]
+ P: Nang suat ep, P - 1000 lig/h + Dv: Duong Itinh ngoai cua vit ep, chon Dy
= 390 mm + Sib: Buoc trung binh ciia vit ep
S = -^ vdi S| la cac budc thay dfli trSn
4 tryc vit 6p True vit ep dugc thiet ke vdi budc giam din theo chieu tien ve khudn ep de tao
dp nen cho hdn hgp, lay S,b=l90 mm;
+ y: Khdi lugng rieng ciia hdn hpp trudc ep,
Y=160kg/m^
+ (p: H? sd cung cap ciia may, lay cp=0,288; + Chpn dpng ca dien cd ndc= 1450 vg/ph; Tir (4) cd nv=39 vg/ph va:
• -"y ^ 39 _ 1
' ' " " , / ~ 1450 ~ 3 7 ' Vdi gia trj he so dieu chinh nay, chia truyen dOng giam toe thanh 2 phan: Giam tdc qua hpp giam toe vdi ty sd truyen (chpn hpp giam tflc tieu chuan) va sir dyng bp truyen dai nfli tir dpng ca din hop giam tflc vdi ty sd
.- ^ \ 1
giam toe la 1,17
Tinh loan lita chgn dong ca:
Ddng CO dugc Iga chgn phai dam bao cdng suat cho tryc vit ep de vit ep nen va day khoi
Trang 4hdn hgp thuc an tir xi lanh, qua cfln ep, khudn
ep va dfln vao bao chua Nhu vay, cdng suat
nay phai th^ng dugc cdng suat can do cac
thanh phin luc can tao nen, bao gdm; Luc can
nen (do budc vit thay ddi); luc ma sat giffa
hon hgp lieu va tryc vit ep, Idng xi lanh, long
cdn 6p va khufln ep
Mfl men xoan tren true vit ep xac dinh bdi
cdng thuc: M^= F^s.R [4]
Trong dd: Fms la luc ma sat giifa hdn hgp va
vit ep, N; R la ban kinh chan true vit, mm
(Ldy R= 100 mm);
Fms = Pmaji-f-F voi Pmax la ap suat lon nhat tac
dyng len khudn (P„ax = 0,2 MN/m^ theo so lieu
thuc nghiem); f la he so ma sat giua hfln hgp
thuc an va vit ep (f=0.65 tti so lieu thuc
nghiem); F la dien tich mat cit ngang khudn ep:
„ n.£>' 3,14.370' ,n-7A^^^ , 2,
F = = ~ = 107466,5 (mm )
4 4
(Chpn dudng kinh khufln ep la D=370 mm),
Vgy: F^, = 0,2.0,65.107466,5 ~ 13970 N
Va:Mx =13970.0,1 = 1397 Nm
Mgt khac : M^ = 2^^^ Nm [5]
Vdi: N la cdng suat can thiet tren true vit ep,
kW; Uy la sfl vdng quay ciia tryc vit ep, nv=39
vg/ph
^ , M^.ny 1397.39 _
Do vay: N = —'—^ = = 5,7
9550 9550
Cdng suat cua dpng co dien xac djnh theo
N
cdng thtic sau: A^^ = — (kW) [5]
1
Vdi: T] la hieu suat dan ddng tir dpng co din
true vit ep, lay TI=0,85
Cac thdng sd ciia true vit ep dugc the hien tren hinh 4
Do vay: A''^^^ ^ 5,7
' 0,85 ^6,7 (kW)
Nhu vay, chgn ddng ca truyin din cho tryc
vit ep la ddng co dien khdng ddng bp 3 pha cd
cflng suat 7,5 kW, tflc dp quay 1450
vong/phiit
Thiet ki phan vit ep:
Hinh 4 Cdc thdng sd cua true vit ip
Cac thdng sd cua vit ep la budc vi't, gdc nang dudng ren vit, dudng kinh dinh va ducmg kinh chan true vi't ciing nhu chieu day canh vit Trong dd, budc vit va goc nang dudng ren cua true vit la hai thdng sd quan trpng nhSt
+ Buac vit vd goc ndng ditdng ren cda triic vit ep: De tryc vit cd the nen dugc vgt lieu, co
the che tao budc vit giam dan tir ciia tiep liSu den khudn ep hoac che tao budc vit khong doi nhung thay dfli chieu sau ranh vi't nho dan v^ phia khudn ep Nhdm nghien ciiu lira chpn phucmg an giam dan budc vit va su dung giai phip lap ghep tirng nica budc vit co budc khac nhau len true vit de thuan tien cho viec che tao
De ep sa bfl hfln hgp thtic an la thSn, la cay ngd va phy gia, lua chgn tryc vit ep gom 4 budc vit giam dan la S|, S2, S3 va S^ Trong
do, budc vit dau tien Sj dugc xac djnh dira vao dudng kinh dinh Dy va goc nang dudng ren p De tryc vit ep dim lieu di mdt each lien tyc thi gdc nang p phai tihd han gdc ma sat 6 cua vgt lieu vdi true vit (0=arctan(f)=arctan(O.65)=33°) [4], Voi dudng kinh dinh true vit dugc chgn la Dv=390 mm, lay S,= 220,82=200, S3=180, S4=160 mm Nhu vgy, cd 8 nira budc vit dugc thiet ke tuong t\r nhu mia budc vit dau tien dugc the hien tren hinh 5
Hinh 5 Cdc thdng so cua nua buac vit S,
Trang 5Cac canh vit sau thiet kl duac kiem bin bSng
each md phdng ting suat va chuyen vj biing
phan mim Catia V5, dugc thi hien tren hlnh 6
«
Hinh 6 (fng sudl tren cdnh vit
Thiel ke xi lanh buong ip:
Xi lanh buong ep cd dang ca ban la ong try
bao lay true vit, lim nhiem vu chiia hdn hgp
thiic an can ep va ket hpp voi tryc vit ep de
day ep thiic an vao khudn ep De hon hgp
dugc vit ep day di ma khdng dinh vao canh
vit, trong Idng xi lanh can thiet ke cac gan dgc
nhu hinh ve 7 Do tinh chat ctia cac dgng lieu
nay la he so npi ma sat giiia cac thanh phan
lieu vdi nhau lufln Idn hon he sfl ma sit gifla
lieu vdi kim loai lam true vit ep nen khi true vit
quay, ddng Ii6u khflng bi quay theo ma nd t^'
vao cac ranh tren xi lanh va trupt, ep ve phia
khudn ep KSt cau va kich thudc ciia phan xi
lanh budng ep duoc the hien tren hinh 7
Hlnh 7 Xi lanh buong ep
Thtit ki con ep:
Nhiem vu ciia cfln ep la tang them dp ep chat
cho khdi hdn hpp thtic an sau khi nd da dugc
nen chat mdt phan tu cac canh vit Cac lire tac
dyng I6n khoi hdn hgp tir be mat cfln ep vdi
gdc cfln a duoc the hien tren hinh 8
Hinh 8 Luc lac dung lu con ep len hdn hgp
N la ap luc phip tuyen cua mat cdn tac dung
len hdn hgp N tao ra thanh phan can dpc tryc
(6)
Qi len khoi hdn hpp va can chung theo phuong chuySn d0ng dpc true tgo ra su nen Sp len khoi hdn hgp:
Q = A'^.sina = p.iS'.sina (5) Vdi p (N/mm^) la ap luc don vi cua khoi hfln
hop len be mat cua cdn ep va S la dien tich xung quanh trong Idng cfln ep
Ngoai ra, khdi hdn hgp cdn chiu luc can dgc tryc Q2 do lyc ma sat Fms cua thanh con tac dung len khdi hdn hgp:
Qj = F„,^ c o s (X = N.f c o s CC
= p.S.f cos ce
Nhu vay, tflng luc phan cfln ep tac dyng len khoi hdn hgp theo chilu tryc va ep khdi hfln hgp dugc xac djnh:
Q^Q\+Qi = p-S.isma + f.co?,a)
D + d ^ , „ (7)
^ p.n.L.(sma:-i-/.cosff) Vdi D, d va L lan lugt la dudng ki'nh dau Idn, dudng kinh dau nhd va chieu dai cfln ep
Bang cac thuc nghiem thay ddi cac gia tri gdc cdn a va xac djnh dp nen chat ciia hdn hgp diu ra, ket qua gdc cfln va cac thdng sfl hgp ly Ciia cdn ep nhu sau: Gdc cdn a=2°, chieu dai doan cdn ep L=450
K H A O NGHIEM M A Y E P - D 6 N G BAO May ep - dong bao da thiet ke va che tgo dugc tien hanh chgy thii ep va ddng bao han 10 tan cay ngfl sau bam, trgn vdi cac ket qua cu the nhu sau:
- Nang suit: Dat tii-1,2-1,3 tin/h;
- Cuong dg dong dien Idn nhat tren mpt pha
vao dflng ca dSn: ln,a« < I2A (tuong duang
vdi suat tieu hao nang lugng < 10 kW/tan)
- Cac canh vit va gSn dgc trong long xi lanh d trgng thai binh thudng, dam bao cac yeu cau
ky thugt de ra
KET QUA VA T H A O L U A N Tir qua trinh van hanh khao nghipm cho thay:
Cimg vdi may trdn, may hiit chan khdng, may
ep - ddng bao da tao thanh 01 day chuyen hoan chinh dat nang suat 01 tan/h, hogt dpng
Trang 6dn dinh va co dfl tin cay cao DS.y chuyen da
dgt cac chi tieu ky thuat de ra
Tuy nhien, d l giam gia thinh h? thdng han
nira, nhdm nghien cdu se tap trung vao viec
giam them cflng s u i t tieu thu dien cua may ep
- d d n g bao
Cac van d l v l anh huflng ciia budc vit Sp, he
so ma sat giiia hdn hpp lipu va tryc vit ep, gdc
cfln ep den nang suat ep, dp nen san pham dau
ra se ducrc trinh bay trong cac bai bao va cong
trinh khoa hpc tiep theo
Ldi CAM ON
Nhdm tac gia xin giri Idi cam sau sac den Van
phdng Chucmg trinh Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe
trpng diem cap N h a nude giai doan
2013-2018 "Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe phyc vy phat
triln bin viing viing Tay Bac", ma so:
KHCN-TB/13-18, DH Quoc gia Ha Ndi, DH
Thai NguySn va DNTN Thai Long da tai trg
kinh phi va tao mpi dieu kien tflt nhat de
nghien ciiu dugc hoan thanh
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1 Biii Quang Tuan, Nguyen Xuan Trgch, Do Diic Lyc (2008), "Anh hudng ctia m6t s6 yeu t l dSn
vi$c sii dung rem vk than cSy ngfi lam thiic an cho trau bo tgi cac tinh phia Bac", Tgp chi khoa hgc vd
phdt triin, tSp VI, sfi 1, tr.47-51
2 Nguyen Hung Quang, Mai Anh Khoa, Phan Dinh Tham, Stephen Ives (2014), "Assessment of the utilization ofthe natural grass and agriculture byproducts in cattle production in Son La
-Vietnam", NIAS — Journal of Animal Science and
Technology Vol.46 - February, pp 30-38
3 Nguyin Thu Phucmg (2009), Ddnh gid kha
ndng sinh trudng vd dnh hudng cua cdy ngd u chua den ndng sudl, chdl lupng stta ciia ddn bo siia nudi lai huyin Ddng Triiu tinh Qudng Ninh
Luin v3n thac sT khoa hpc n6ng nghifip, chuySn ngdnh chan nuoi dfing vSt, ma so 60.62.40, tnrimg
DH Nong Lam, DH Thai Nguyen
4 Ho Le Vien (2003), Cdc mdy gia cdng vdt lieu
ran vd deo tap 2, Nxb Khoa hoc va KJ thuat
5 Trinh Chit, Le Van Uyin (2006), Tinh todn
thiit ki hi ddn ddng ca khi tgp I, Nxb Giao due
A B S T R A C T
D E S I G N AND M A N U F A C T U R E O F A P R E S S E D - P A C K A G I N G M A C H I N E
W I T H C A P A C I T Y O F 01 T O N / H F O R C O R N S T A L K S
A F T E R C U T T I N G A N D M I X I N G
Phan Van Nghi", Nguyen Thai Binh', Le Quang Duy', Cao Thanh Long^
' University of Technology - TNU ' Thai Nguyen University
This paper presents how to design a pressed - packaging machine after cutting and mixing of com North of Vietnam The problems of kinematics, parameters of motions and technological capabilities of the machine are calculated, designed on the basis of screw pressing machines Machine dynamics problems are calculated according to traditional mechanical methods The test results of more than 10 tons of raw materials indicate that the machine has been working at its designed capacity and in line with the indicator " Specific energy consumption rate"
Key words; Pressed — packaging machines, bagging machines, corn urea composting, feed for
catties in the winter
Ngdynlign bdi: 01/11/2017; Ngdypltdn biin: 23/11/2017; Ngdy duyitdang: 05/01/2018
Tet: 0977 599357, Email: pha,mghiQ>inul edu v,