Nghiên cứu sấy bông atiso dùng năng lượng mặt trời

Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud tinh todn thiet ki, che tao mdy vd thd nghiem say bdng atisd tren mdy say si dung ndng lUdng mat trdi cd ndng suat 10 kg/me.. Ket qud khao nghiem cho thay thdi

NGHIEN CIJfU-TRAODOl

\l NGHIEh CdU S6Y BONG fiTISO DdNG NflNG LtfONG M^T TRdl

STUDY OF ARTICHOKE FLOWERS DRYING USING SOLAR ENERGY

TS L^ Anh Dflc TS N g u y i n Huy Bich

Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TR Ho Chi Minh

Bdngatisdld ngudn dUdc lieu quy vd la nguon thu on dmh cua ndng ddn Dd Lat, Lam Ddng Qud trinh che bien bdng, trong dd khdu say nhdm bdo dam hdm lUdng dUdc hgc vd ve sinh an todn thUcphdm

Id yeu cau thUc te vd biic xuc Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud tinh todn thiet ki, che tao mdy vd thd nghiem say bdng atisd tren mdy say si( dung ndng lUdng mat trdi cd ndng suat 10 kg/me Ket qud khao nghiem cho thay thdi gian say rut ngan ddng ke, phdn bd nhiet vd phdn bo gid ddng deu, sai lech vi am do cua bdng atisd sau khi say tai cdc vi tri trong budng say Id khdng ddng ke, hieu suat nhiet cua mdy s&y khd cao nhd cdi tien ket cau ciia bd thu biic xa mat trdi Bdng atisd sau khi say cd mau sac, miii vi vd hdm lUdng cynarin cao hdn han so vdi cdc mdu phdi nang Cdc phUdng trinh md td quan he giiXa biic xa mat trdi m nhiet do say, dUdng cong gidm dm, tdc do gidm dm dd dUdc xdc dinh Nghien aiu ciing dd xay dUng dUCc phUdng trinh dU dodn tdc do gidm dm cua bdng atisd trong qud trinh say

Tfl khoa: Atisd, cynarin, mdy say, ndng lUdng mat trdi

ABSTRACT

Artichoke flower is a value pharmacological product and one of the main income of farmers in Dalat, Lam Dong Province The flower processing in which drying is necessary and it requires to ensure the high quality, food safety, and conservation of pharmacological ingredients after processing This paper presents the designing manufacturing and testing an Artichoke flower dryer using solar energy with capacity oj

10 kg/batch The results show that the drying time is short, heating and drying air are distributed equally over the drying chamber, the difference of moisture content of dried artichokes at other positions in the drying chamber is small and reasonable, thermal efficiency is high The cynarin content, color and aromi

of the artichoke flowers dried by dryer are better than the ones exposed to the sun Some equatiom describe the relationship between solar radiation and the drying temperature, the moisture reduction curve and the drying rate are determined

Keywords: Artichoke, cynarin, dryer, solar energy

NGHIEN CUU-TRAODOI

I.DATVANDE

Bong atisd la nguon dflpc lieu quy vd Id

nguon thu nhap tfldng doi on dinh cua ndng dan

Dd Lat, Lam Ddng Bdng tfldi khi thu hoach cd

ham Iflpng nfldc kha cao, do do de bdo quan va

che bien bdng atisd d dang tra tui Ipc hoac cdc

loai thflc pham chflc ndng thi bdng atisd can dflpc

lam khd Hien nay, bdng atisd dfldc 1dm khd bang

each phdi nang, neu mfla ddi ngdy thi dung Id say

thii cdng dot bang than cui Cac phfldng phap nay

khdng ddm bao v^ sinh an todn thflc pham, chat

Iflpng atisd hi gidm dang ke, dac biet la cdc thdnh

phan dflpc pham quy Hpn nfla, do dac diem

khdng khi am dp cao ciia Dd Lat, viec phdi nang

se lam thdi gian phdi bdng keo ddi, ton nhieu

nhan cdng di cao dao, ton that san pham cao

Viec dau tfl may say d^ sdy bdng cung khdng dflpc

dp dung vi chi phi dau tfl vd van hdnh may tfldng

doi cao

Nfldc ta nam d khu vflc xlch dao, cfldng

d0 bflc x^ va sd gid nang trung binh tfldng doi cao

nen cd ti^m ndng rdt Idn trong viec phat trien va

sfl dyng nang Iflpng mat trdi May say dung ndng

Iflpng mat trdi da dflpc sfl dyng tai nhieu nfldc

trSn the gidi nham lam giam nhflng bat lpi cua

viec phpi sdy truyen thdng, gidm chi phi say va

gdp phan cai thi?n ddng ke chat Iflpng cua cac loai

ndng sdn thflc phSm

Tfl thflc t^ tr^n, nhdm nang cao chat Iflpng

san pham bdng atisd sau khi say va giai quyet cac

van de cdn tdn tai trong thflc tien sdn xuat, viec

nghien cflu thfl nghiem may say bdng atiso cd chi

phi ddu tfl thap, tiit kiem nang Iflpng, van hdnh

ddn gidn Id van de cap thiet

2 VAT L l £ u VA PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN

CCtJ*

hinh may say atisd dflpc nghien cflu thiet ke tren nguyen tac lay nhiet ndng tfl bflc xa mat trdi de thflc hien qud trinh say Tren cd sd ke thfla, tim hieu cdc flu nhflpc diem cua cdc thiet hi say, ket hdp vdi cac dac tinh vd yeu cau cua sdn pham bdng atisd thdi Idt de lfla chpn thiet ke phu hdp

- Phfldng phap che tao: Md hinh may say atisd dflpc che tao ddn chiec theo tflng hp chi tiet dien hinh

- Bo tri thi nghiem: Cac thi nghiem dflpc lap lai 3 lan vd tinh gia tri trung binh

- Diing cu va phfldng phap do dac trong thflc nghiem: Mdt sd thdng sd do dac trflc tiep sfl dung cac dung cu do chuyen dung nhfl ddng ho

do am dp, nhiet dp Iflu Iflpng ke, bflc xa ke, thiet

bi do nhiet hdng ngoai, can dien tfl can ddng ho

la ban xac quy dao mat trdi, tui nylon dflng mau Cac thdng sd cdn lai dflpc xdc dinh thdng qua tinh toan quy ddi cac thdng so thanh phan

- Am dp bong atisd dfldc xac djnh bdng phflong phap tu say Chat Iflpng bdng atisd dfldc danh gia qua chi tieu mau sac, mui vi vd ham Iflpng dflpc hpc Cynarin

3 KET QUA NGHIEN CUXJ

3.1 Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke va che tao

* Ket qud tinh todn thiet ke:

He thdng say dung nang Ifldng mat trdi

cd the chia 1dm ba loai: Trflc tiep gian tiep va ket hpp d day, de tang hieu qua say cung nhfl rut ngan thdi gian say, nghien cflu quyet dinh lfla chpn loai ket hpp, cd dung quat de ddi Iflu cfldng bflc khdng khi say

- Vat li?u say: Bdng atisd dflpc trong tai Da

Lat, sau khi thu hoach, bdng dflpc rfla sach, che

ddi, bd nhuy vd thai lat vdi chieu ddy lat thai 3 - 5

mm trfldc khi dfla vao say Dp am ban dau cua

bdng atisd Id 80%, dp am yeu cSu cua bdng sau khi

say nhd hdn 14%

Phflpng phap tinh todn thiet ke: Md

De tang hieu suat nhiet cua bd thu nhiet, nghien cflu da tien hdnh:

+ Tang dien tich ldp hap thu nhiet bdng each bd tri hai tang ldp hap thu nhiet ben trong

bd thu nhiet khdng khi se di zic-zac trong bd thu nhiet giup qud trinh trao doi nhi?t tot hdn "^

TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM Sd 12 nam 2013

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl

+ Be mat hap thu nhiet dflpc che tao bdng

nhdm cd he so ddn nhiet vd he so tda nhiet cao

hdn hdn so vdi cac loai be mat bdng sat thdng

thfldng Cai thien chat Iflpng be mat hap thu bang

each phun bpt kim loai va phu len tren mdt ldp

sdn den nhdm tdng kha nang hap thu bflc xa mat

suat 120 W

- Thdi gian say ly thuyet: 6,5 h vdi nhiet dp tac nhan say trung binh 45'*C

- Kich thfldc tdng the cua may say: Dai x rdng x cao = 2600 X 1000 x 1700 mm

* Kit qud che tao:

+ Dieu chinh dflpc gdc nghieng cua bd May dflpc che tao dang ddn chiec tai

thu nhiet de thu dfldc bflc xa tdi da Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TR Ho Chi Minh

Hinh 3.1: Mo hinh mdy sdy bong atisd diing ndng

lUdng mdt trdi

I Mat kinh, 2 Tam thu nhiet,

3 Cila ihodl bd thu nhiil, 4 Quat sdy;

5 Kbuiig budng say; 6 Vach hiioiig sdy Irong siiol

7 Ciia ihoal liic nhdii say: S Cila buoiig sdy

9 Sdn dif ml lieu say, 10 Klioan gio viio budng sdy,

II Chan dd; 12 Ciia gid vdo bo thu nhiel;

13 Up cdch nhiet

Mdt SO thdng sd chinh cua may say:

- Nang suat thiet ke: 10 kg bdng atiso thai lat/

me

- Chieu day ldp bdng atisd tren vi say: 100 mm

- Lflu Iflpng khdng khi can thiet cho qua trinh

say: 0,18 mVs

- Nhiet Iflpng can cung cap cho toan bp qua

trinh say: 10,1 kW

- Bd thu nhiet: Kich thfldc dai x rpng: Im x 2m

Do nghieng cua bp thu nhiet cd the dieu chinh

dflpc trong pham vi 15" - 30"

- Budng say: Ket cau dang say me tinh, bdn vach

dflpc bao bpc kin bang vat lieu plastic trong sudt

de nhan dflpc bflc xa mat trdi

- Tong trd lflc cua he thdng: 210 Pa

- Quat say: Quat hfldng true canh thang, cdng

Hinh 3.2: Mdy sdy bong atiso thdi Idt diing ndng liidm

mat trdi

3.2 Ket qua khao nghiem

Tien hdnh say thi nghiem 3 me say vao 3 ngay khac nhau, mdi me cd nang suat 10 kg Bo tri tflcfng flng 3 thi nghiem phdi nang de ddi chflng Ket qua do dac gia tri nhiet dp tac nhan say va bflc xa mat trdi theo thdi gian trong ngay dflpc lay trung binh tfl cac gia tri tflpng flng cua 3

me say thi nghiem, ket qua dflpc the hien d dang

do thi nhfl hinh 3.3

Bill

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eoo 1 mm H h i e l d o

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Hinh 3.3: Thay doi nhiet do tdc nhdn sdy vd bite xa mat trdi theo thdi gian trong ngdy

Vdi dac thu ket cau cua bp thu nhiet va cac thdng sd hoat ddng nhfl thiet ke cua may say

t r o n g nghien cflu nay cd the bieu dien d d^ng

NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI

phaong trinh moi quan he gifla nhiet do tac nhan

sSy (ham y) theo biJc xa mat trdi (bien x) trong

ngay dfldi dang ham Gauss nhfl sau:

y = 78,4048 - 22,5536.x + 1,1 ', R' = 0,987

y = 50,0679-8,4S3!l«-( ' 4 4 ! f , R2 = 0,918

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Hinh 3.5: Dudng cong gidm dm cua mdu sdy thi

nghiim vd mdu phdi nang doi chdng

Ket qua kiem tra dp ddng d i u vg nhidt dp

tdc nhdn sdy, van tdc tac nhan say vd do am cuoi

cua bdng sau khi say dd cho thay khdng cd sfl sai

khdc t^i cdc vi tri khac nhau tren todn bd b^ mat

khay say Sai lech v^ am dp cua bdng atisd sau khi

say gifla ldp tren vd ldp dfldi la 0,6%, khdng dang

kl Ket qua khao nghiem sd bd cho thdy cac kSt

qua tinh toan, thiet ke la tfldng ddi chinh xdc

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^ 30

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G i i tn dtf ioin

9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 1 ThSi gian s i r trong ngiy (gidt

B

Hinh 3.6: Dd thi dU dodn qud trinh gidm dm cua bdng

atiso trong qud trinh sdy

He sd tfldng quan R^ cua phflong trinh dfl dodn dp am theo thdi gian say la kha cao chflng

td dp chinh xac cua phfldng trinh Phfldng trinh dfl dodn dflOc biiu diln tren hinh 3.7

Hinh 3.4: Khdo nghiem sdy bdng atisd

Ket qua so sanh gifla cac mau say bang

mdy say ndng Ifldng mat trdi vd cdc mau phpi

nang trinh bay tren hinh 3.5 Gia tri am dp cua

mau sdy va mau phdi nang Id gid tri trung binh

cua 3 me say vd 3 me phdi nang Dd am cua bdng

aitsd dflpc xac dinh bang phfldng phap tu say

Gian cdch lay mau Id 1 gid

Hinh 3.7: Dd thi mo td mdi tUOng quan giUa gid tri thUc nghiem vd dUdodn

Ket qua khao nghiem cho thay mac du ldp vat lieu say trong budng say la 10 cm, day hdn 3 - 4 lan so vdi ldp vat lieu phoi nang nhflng thdi gian say da rut ngan dang ke so vdi phdi nang Sau thdi gian say la 6 gid, am dp bdng atisd dat 12% so vdi

am dp bdng phdi ndng ddi chflng la 29.5% va thdi gian de bdng phdi nang dat am dp 12% Id hdn 10 gid Tdc dp giam am trung binh dat i 1,5 %/h d

Dp Im cua bdng atisd trong qud trinh say mdy say dung nang Iflpng mat trdi la kha cao so {hdm y, %) cd the dfl doan theo thdi gian say (hdm vdi tdc dp giam am trung binh d me phdi ndng

X, gid) d d ^ g phfldng trinh bac hai nhfl sau: ddi chflng Id 6.9 %/h

TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, So 12 nam 2013

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl

Phdn bd nhiet va phdn bd gid ddng deu,

sai lech ve am do cua bdng atisd sau khi say tai cdc

vi tri trong budng sdy la khdng dang ke Hieu suat

nhiet cua bd thu nhiet tuy thupc nhieu vdo dieu

kien thdi tiet cung nhfl cac thdi diem khdc nhau

trong ngay Ket qud do dac vd tinh toan da cho

thay hieu suat nhiet cua may say cao hdn khoang

7% so vdi cac loai bd thu nhiet thdng thfldng

Chat Ifldng bdng atisd sau khi say hdn han

mdu bdng atisd phdi ddi chflng ve mau sac va mui

vi dac trflng, dam bao chat Iflpng ve sinh Ket qua

phan tich ham Iflpng cynarin dat 0,017 mg/g cao

hdn so vdi mau atiso phdi nang 0,01 mg/g Ket

qua tinh toan sd bd hieu qua kinh te tren md hinh

cho thay chi phi khi sfl dung may say nang Iflpng

mat trdi khoang 30 - 35% so vdi sfl dung mdy say

thdng thfldng

Nhfl vay, cdc ket qua nghien cflu da cho

thay may say bdng atisd thai lat sfl dung nang

Iflpng mat trdi cd the flng dung phu hpp vdi thiTc

trang san xuat ndng hp tai Da Lat

4 KET LUAN

May sdy bdng atisd thai lat sfl dyng nang Ifldng mat trdi da dflpc che tao va dfla vao khao nghiem May van hdnh ddn gian, tiet ki^m ndi^ Ifldng, chi phi dau tfl thap Md h m h may hoat ddng hieu qua, thdi gian say dflpc rut ngan dang

ke so vdi phflpng phap phdi nang Chdt Iflpng bdng atisd sau khi say cao hdn han so vdi phfldng phdp phPi nang hien nay ca ve mau sac, mui v|, ham Ifldng dflpc hoc vd ve sinh thflc pham Mot

sd chi tieu dac trflng cua may say da dflpc xac dinh

Tren ca sd cac ket qua nghien cflu da dat

dfldc, mdt mdy say say atisd dung ndng Ifldng mat trdi la khd thi vd hoan todn co kha nang flng dung trong thflc te san xuat, nham gdp phan giam thieu nhflng bat ldi cua viec phdi nang hien nay, giam chi phi cdng lao ddng va thdi gian, tang hieu qua san xuat va cdi thien dang ke chat Iflpng bdng atisd khd •

Ngdy nhdn bai: 16/11/2013

Ngdy phdn bien: 20/12/2013

Ngfldi phan bien: TS Biii Ngoc Hung, Trfldng Bd mdn Mdy sau thu hoach vd Che bien, Khoa Cd khi Cdng nghe, Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TP Ho Chi Minh

Tai lieu t h a m khao:

[1] Hoang \ ^ n Chudc (1999), Thiet kehe thdng thiet bi sdy NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat

[2] Nguyen Van May (2006), Bdm quat mdy nen, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat

[3] Tran Van Phu (2008), Ky thuat sdy NXB Giao due

[4] Hoang Dinh Tin (2004), CO sd truyen nhiet NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh

[5] Hoang Dinh Tin Bui Hai (2004) Bdi tap nhiet dong hoc ky thuat vd truyen nhiet NXB Dai hpc Quoc gi

TP Ho Chi Minh

[61 Nguyen Cdng Van (2005), Ndng lUcfng mat trdi qud trinh nhiet vd Ung diing NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat