NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 I THIEU K^T LAZER APPLYING PRODUCT DESIGNING METHOD FOR MODULARITY IN RAPID PROTOTYPING MACHINE DESIGN LASER SINTERING Lg Thanh Som, Tran Trung Kien, Nguyin Thanh
Trang 1NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 I
THIEU K^T LAZER
APPLYING PRODUCT DESIGNING METHOD FOR MODULARITY IN RAPID
PROTOTYPING MACHINE DESIGN LASER SINTERING
Lg Thanh Som, Tran Trung Kien, Nguyin Thanh Nam
DCSELAB, Truong Dai hpc Bach Khoa, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TR H6 Chi Minh
Nghien cim ve he thong tao mau nhanh hien nay Id mot huong phat tren trong nu&c, hien t(ii,
CO rat nhieu dang cong nghe duac su dung, trong do nghien cim ve cong nghe tao mau nhanh SLS
thieu ket laser Id huong dupe quan tam nghien euu trong bdi bao Tao mau nhanh SLS Id mpt gidi
phdp toi im dupe danh gia lua chpn trong so 10 cong nghe duac img dung tren the giai Bdi bao
trinh bay torn tat qua trinh ung dung ly thuyet thiet ke theo mo-dun cho mdy tao mau nhanh SLS
Cdc ket qud nghien cim duac trinh bay trong bdi bdo tap trung vdo img dung ly thuyet mo-dun, xay
dimg mpt mo hinh mdy thuc phuc vii nghien cihi cong nghe voi nang suat thiet ke Id 60W Tren ca
so nghien cim dat duac, sephdt trien thanh cdc mo-dun tich hpp cho cdc dong mdy tao mau nhanh
SLS mai, voi day cong suat 25W,40W,60W,120Wphuc vu nhu cdu ve thiet bi
Tir khoa: Mdy tao mau nhanh; He thong tao mau nhanh; Thieu kit laser, mdy tao mau
nhanh SLS; Mo-dun chuc nang; Yeu cdu chuc nang chung; He so tam quan trpng (GFR)
ABSTRACT
Today, research about 3D rapid prototyping system is one of development directions of our
country's science There are many rapid prototyping technologies in the world In there, SLS technology
(Selective Laser Sintering) is interested to research in this paper SLS is an optimal solution It is
selected in 10 technology applications that are applied world-wide This paper presents briefly
the modularity design theory for rapid prototyping machme using laser sintering Study results of
this paper focus on applying the module theory to build a model of rapid prototyping machine that
serves the technology research with design capacity 60W Based on the studies achieved, we will
develop integrated modules for new SLS machine series with power range 25W, 40W, 60W, HOW,
in order to serve the equipment demand
Keywords: Rapid prototyping machine, rapid prototyping systems, laser sintering, rapid
prototyping machine SLS, modular function, general functional requirements (GFR) '^
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Trang 2NGHltN ClJfU - TRAO D6\
1 GIOI THIEU
May tao mlu nhanh SLS thieu ket laser
la mpt cong nghe mai va hien chua dupe pho
bi6n nhiSu tai Viet Nam Hien nay, viec nghien
ciiu umg dung may tao mau nhanh thieu ket laser
trong san xuat cong nghiep phuc vu phat trien
san pham thay th6 cho thiet bi nhap ngoai la mpt
xu the moi Cong nghe thieu ket laser trong may
SLS ciia nghien ciiu dupe thuc hien tren vat lieu
hot nhua va dinh hucmg co the ling dung dupe
cho vat lieu hot kim loai Nghien euu tong quan
ve sir tang truong nhu cau ciia the gioi ve he
thong dupe the hien qua do thi hinh 1, cho thay
dupe xu the may tao mau nhanh da tang manh
trong thai gian ngSn, trong tuang lai thi Viet
Nam cung se phat trien theo xu the ciia the gioi
2 QUY TRINH THIET KE THEO Md-DUN THlTC HIEN CHO MAY T^O MAU NHANH SLS
Nghien ciiu thiet ke theo mo-dun cho
may tao mhi nhanh SLS duoc xa dinh cho dong cong suit 60W, cin dap ung cac yeu cku ky
thuat:
- T6c dp di chuyen ciia true x, y: 900mm/s;
- Thi tich lam viec 100x100x100 mm;
- He thong dieu khien: Dam bao tdc dp di chuydn cua true xy; Ggt bpt dam bao bpt co
dp xop va deu;
-Nhiet dp tii 150«C-230''C;
- He thong Laser: Cong suat thich hpp dung cho cac vat lieu bpt PS;
- Dp day lop: 0.08-0.3 mm;
- Dp chinh xac ciia chi tiet: 100mm+/-0.5nim (0,5%);
- Dp chinh xac vi tri ciia tia laser: 0.02inm
Soutcg w o N n Repon 2008
Hinh 1: Do thi tdng truong so luang he thdng tao
mau nhanh tren the giai
Hien nay, theo thong ke cho thay duoc
ling d\mg cua he thong tao mlu nhanh trong
thilt kl 6 to (31,7%), tao dang cong nghiep,
tao mau thi nghiem (17%) va din 2020 se hoan
thien nghien ciiu iing dung cho nganh Chi tao
cac thilt bi hang khong Do do, viec ung dung
phuong phap thilt kl theo mo-dun tren may SLS
se gop phin thuc diy qua trinh hoan thien nhanh
vi|c che tao cac may tao mlu nhanh trong nhom
nay dap ling nhu ciu vl thilt hi
Hinh 2: Nguyen ly hogt dpng tao hinh sdnphdm trong mdy tg.o mau nhanh SLS
May tao mau nhanh SLS, sir d\mg h? thong cap va thu vat lieu bpt ph6i hpp vai con
Ian tao lop mong tren bl mat hot sau do laser se
thuc hien thieu kit cho tiing lap, lap lai qua trinh tren se hinh thanh nen hinh dang san phim, trong
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Trang 3khi thuc liien gia cong c6 thuc liien gia nhiet cho san phim cin dat duoc:
bpt Qua trinh thilt kl theo mo-dun se thuc hien
phan tich tren ca so cac nghien euu ve nguyen
ly lam viec ciia may va dua vao ly thuylt tiiilt
ke theo mo-dun phuc vy qua trinh hinh thanh
cac cvim chiic nang chinh cua may Quy trinh
thuc hien nghien euu dupe thi hien trong hinh 3,
la cac buoc thuc hien nghien euu dl hinh thanh
nen may tao mlu nhanh SLS
Dam bao hieu suat;
Kit ciu gpn nhe, dl lip dat;
D I siia chiia, bao tri;
An toan, ve sinh
2.1 XAC DINH ANH HU'CfNG DAC TINH
CUA MAY SLS L £ N CAC YtV CAU CHlTC
NANG CHUNG
Viec xac dinh cac yen cau chuc nang
chung dupe thiet ke voi cac tieu chi de ra cho
Tu cac yen cau ky thuat va chiic nang
de ra, se thanh lap duoc quan he cac yeu to anh huong ciia may tao mau nhanh SLS vai GFR, bieu diin tren ma tran quan he Bang 1 Trong
do, vai gia tri 1 la tac dpng mong muon, gia tri
0 la tac dpng khong dang ke va cuoi cung gia tri -1, la tac dpng khong mong muon [1] ^^ec xac dinh dupe ma trSn quan he neu tren se phuc vu cho qua trinh thanh lap cac ma tran mo-dun
Hinh 3: Quy trinh thiit ki theo mo-dun su dung cho mdy tao mau nhanh SLS
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Trang 4Bang 1 Ma tran quan hi giua mdy tao mdu nhanh SLS vd h? so tam quan trpng cua cdc yeu cdu chuc',i
nang chung
Cac ySu cau chirc nang chung Cac dac tinh may
N6i tiep
Song song
Tiep xuc nhau
Cach xa nhau
Truyen nang luang true tiep
Truyen nang lugng gian tiep
Co giam toe
Khong CO giam toe
Gia nhiet cho hot
Nguon Laser
Hieu suat
0
0 -1 -1
1
0
0
1
0
0
Ket can gfu nhe,
de l^p dat
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
De sira chira, bao tri
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
An toan, v^ sinh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1 2.2 Xac dinh hg s6 tam quan trong (GFR)
trong he th6ng tao mSu nhanh SLS
Ket qua cua nghien euu cho thiy, nhilu
yeu cau chiic nang chung co thi t i n tai ben trong
mpt san pham va mpt so yeu ciu chiic nang thi
quan trpng hon yen ciu chiic nang khac Do do,
h$ so tam quan trpng se dupe gan cho cac yeu
cau chiic nang khac nhau He so tam quan trpng
CO gia tri la [0,1; 1] Ci day, 4 yeu ciu chiic nang
chung ciia he thing tao mlu nhanh SLS nghien
Ciiu cho thay deu quan trpng nhu nhau nen thilt
ke chpn he so tim quan trpng diu bing 1 thi
hiSn cf cot {C} cua ma tran [2]
2.3 Thiet lap ma tran dong dang
Duong cheo cua ma tran ding dang dupe
bo trong Cac he s6 khac trong ma tran d6ng
dang xac dinh nhu sau [3]:
?,,^={a,a, a^),^:
Trong do:
(a, a2 a^),^j la vecto cac dac tinh he thong t^o man nhanh thieu ket laser ( j la s6 dac tinh he thong)
\bu i>„
La ma tran quan h^ giiia may tao mlu nhanh SLS va he so tam quan trpng (GFR) ciia yeu cau chuc nang chung (i la s6 yeu ciu chiic nang chung)
La ma tren {C}, t h i hien he s6 tim quan trpng (GFR) cua cac yeu ciu chiic nang chung
2 3 Ket qua hinh thanh cac mo-dun ciia he Uilng
Cac bp phan voi miic tuong thich cao (the hien voi gia tri Ion nhlt) se dupe nhom voi nhau trong cac mo dun thilt k l Dilu nay, co the
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Trang 5NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO eOl
thuc hien b l n g thuat toan nhan dang nhom tren - Mo dun 5: Dpng co, bp truyen dai rang,
CO so ma tran dong dang [4] Thuc hien cac tinh bp chieu Laser,
toan cho dupfc ma tran mo dun chiic nang va ma
tran mo-dun k i t c i u ciia he t h i n g tao n ^ u nhanh Sang 3 Ma tran mo-dun ket cdu cua mdy tao mdu
nhanh SLS Bdng 2 Ma tran mo-dun chirc nang cua he thdng
tao mdu nhanh SLS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
2
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
6
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
9
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Theo ma tran mo-dun chiic nang thi he
thong CO 5 mo-dun nhu sau:
-Mo dun 1: Dpng co, khdp noi, true vit
me bi,thung gia cong man
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
3
3
2
T
2
3
3
2
leo
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ma
4
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
trai
6
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
n m
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
6-d
9
imk
10
6tcj
5
u t h
8 11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i may tao mau nhanh co 5 mo dun nhu sau:
-Mo dun 1: Dong ca, khop noi, true vit
me bi, thung gia cong m l u (cum ban nang);
- Mo dun 2: Dong ca, khap noi, true vit
me bi,thung d p hot (cum ban nang cap hot);
- Mo dun 2: Dpng co, khop noi, true vit
me bi,thiing d p bpt
- Mo dun 3: Dong ca,dai rang, bang
trupt, bp phan do, con Ian trai hot
- Mo dun 4: Bp phan gia nhiet
- Mo dim 3: Dpng co, dai rang, bang trupt,
bp phan da, con Ian trai bpt (cum con Ian hot);
- Mo dun 4: Bp phan gia nhiet (Cum gianhiet);
- Mo dun 5; Dpng co, bp truyen dai rang
bp chieu Laser (cum laser)
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Trang 6NGHIEN CtfU-TRAODOl
Phan tich he th6ng v l mat chiic nang va
kit d u CO mo hinh tuong tu nhau, tu do cho thay
duac d u hinh phu hop vai may tao mau nhanh
SLS la 5 mo-dun chuc nang
3 K E T QUA NGHIEN ClTU
Tren co so nghien euu va thilt ke he
thing theo mo-dun da neu tren se phuc vu cho
qua trinh hinh thanh mpt may tao mau nhanh
SLS, cong suit 60W, kit qua chi tao may tao
m l u nhanh theo phuong phap mo-dun dupe the
hien trong hinh 4 voi 5 mo-dun chuc nang chinh
kit hpp thanh mot may
Hinh 4 Mo hinh che tao thu nghiem mdy tao mdu
nhanh SLS
Mpt so san pham thuc nghiem dupe che
tao tii may tao mau nhanh SLS dupe thiet k l
tren co so ling dung theo phan tich theo mo-dun
Chat lupng san pham theo danh gia la ro net,
dam bao dupe dp ciing khong bi xo lech va thcri
gian trung binh tao mlu cho san phim nhu sau:
• Thong so thuc hien gia cong: Chilu
day tinh chinh cua mot lop thieu kit: 0.2 mm,
cong s d t tia laser theo nguln phat: 0,75% (nguin
laser 60W), van t i c thieu kit: 250 mm/s, nhiet dp
thieu ket: ~160°C, thai gian thuc hien san phim:
3gicf 15phut (hinh 5)
Hinh 5: Chi tiet mdy dgng true cam ' Thong s6 thuc hien gia cong: Chik
day tinh chinh cua mpt lop thieu ket: 0.2 mm, cong s d t tia laser tibeo nguon phat: 0,75% (ngufln
laser 60W), van t i c thieu ket: 250mm/s, nhiet do
thieu kit: ~160°C, thoi gian chay mau san pham:
2 gio 30 phiit (hmh 6)
4 K E T LUAN Kit qua nghien euu ling dung phuong phap thilt k l may tao mlu nhanh SLS theo phuong phap
p h ^ tich theo mo-dun co ket luan sau:
- Lfng dung phuong phap thiet ke theo mo-dun trong thiet ke may tao mau nhanh SLS
da hinh thanh nhom duac cac mo-dun chiic nang chinh, tren co sa ihuc hien phan tich va giai cac
ma tran quan he chiic nang va cau true v6i cac yeu cau ky thuat 6 day, may tao mau nhanh SLS dupe thiet ke thanh 5 mo-dun chinh Viec xay dung ly ihuylt thilt k l theo mo-dun se la co so cho qua trinh xay va phat triln phat trien may tao mau nhanh SLS thieu kit laser v6i nhieu dong cong suit la 25W, 30W, 40W, 60W, 80W,120W
- Ket qua nghien cihi da dupe ung dung phuc vu chi tao mpt m l u may tao mau nhanh SLS, vai cong suit 60W va tao hmh dupe cac chi tiet mau co dp phiic tap Day se la ca so de phuc
vu cho qua trinh nghien ciiu hoan thien cac thong
so cong nghe ft-ong gia cong thieu ket laser <•
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TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 7 nam 2015
Trang 7Ngay nhan bai: 15/6/2015
Ng^y phan bien: 16/7/2015
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1] W.A.Y YUSOFF & A.J THOMAS, The effect of employing an effective laser sintering scanning sh^tegy and energy density value on eliminating "orange peel" on a selective laser sintered part International Islamic University Malaysia, Faculty of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, P O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[2] M.S.Wahab,K.W.Dalgamo, R.F.Cochrane, S.Hassan Member, lAENG , Development of Polymer Nanocomposites for Rapid Prototyping Process, 2008
[3] Carliss Y Baldwin Kim B, Clark, " Modularity in the Design of Complex Engineering Systems", 2004 [4] Carliss Baldwin, Kim B Clark, trich tu Design Rules, Volume 1: "The Option Value of Modularity m Design", ThePower of Modularity, Harvard Business School, 16/5/2002
ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHi VlfiT NAM, S6 7 nam 2015