KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU D A O TAO SAU DAI HOC NGHIEN ClTU ANH HlTOfNG CUA VIEC 0IEU CHINH GOC PHUN S 6 M DEN HAM LUONG PHAT THAI NOx, BO HONG VA C 6 N G SUAT CUA DONG CO DIESEL Of CAC CHE DO
Trang 1KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU D A O TAO SAU DAI HOC
NGHIEN ClTU ANH HlTOfNG CUA VIEC 0IEU CHINH GOC PHUN S 6 M DEN HAM LUONG PHAT THAI (NOx, BO HONG) VA C 6 N G SUAT CUA DONG CO DIESEL Of CAC CHE DO TAI KHAC NHAU BANG PHU^ONG PHAP M 6 PHONG
STUDY EFFECTS OF EARLY TO SPRAY ANGLE ADJUSTMENT EMISSIONS LEVELS (NOx, SOOT) AND POWER OF DIESEL ENGINE LOAD INA DIFFERENT MODE
BY SIMULATION
Nguyen Nhgt Lai', Phung Minh l^
Ngay nhan bar 15/6/2013; Ngay phan bien thong qua: 25/11/2013; Ng^y duy^l dang- 02/6/2014
T O M TAT
Bai bao ndy trinh bdy vi^c sd dung phdn mem mo phong da chieu KIVA de nghien ciru dnh huang cua goc phun sm den phdt thdi (NOx, bo hong) vd cdng sudt iren dpng co moi xy lanh A VL 5402 vdi cac che do tdi 40%, 60%, 80% Kel qua
mo phong dupc thuc nghiem kiim chung da chi ra gid tri lot uu cualhdi diem phun Iheo cdng sudt vd hdm lu(mgphdt that ciia dong co nghien ciiu
Tir Idioa • gdc phun sdm, phdt thdi, phdn mem mo phdng KJVA
ABSTRACT
This paper presenls the use of simulation software to study multidimensional KJVA spray early influence oftheNOi emissions, soot, on an engine cylinder mode AVL 5402 with 40% 60% 80% loads The simulation results are verified experimentally showed optimal values of injection lime according lo the capacity and function of engine emissions research Keywords: early spray, exhaust, software simulation KIVA
I DAT V A N o e
Nhien lieu diesel dupe phun vdo buong ehdy
chua ddy khbng khi cb nhiet db cao trong hdnh trinh
ndn, do do ning db eua hbn hpp nhien lieu vd khdng
khf trong xy lanh tgi cac diem khde nhau la khae
nhau Khi thai dupc hinh thdnh td kit qua eua qud
trinh ehdy cua hbn hpp khbng khi/nhidn lidu khbng
ding nhat nay Cde qud trinh hda trpn nhien lidu
tia phun, thdi gian luu tni eCia nhien lidu trong cac
vung nhidt dp khde nhau, thdi gian gidn nd, thdng so
phun nhien lieu dbng vai trd quan trpng trong viec
hinh thanh khf thdi [4] Ham lupng CO vd HC cua
dbng ca diesel nhd han dbng ca xdng, nhung NOx
vd b l hbng (muoi than, particulate matter- PM) cao
diesel va d n nghien ciru khde phye
Gldi quylt van d l tren la mbt nhigm vu rat phde
tgp, chl cb t h l dgt duac bdng ket hpp dong thdi
thyc nghidm vd md phdng Mb phdng (simulation)
id phuang phdp mb hinh hba dya tren vide thiet lap mb hinh sd vd sir dgng phuang phap so d l fim
ra idi gidi vdi sy trp- giCip eiia may tfnh [6] Mac dO eae thdng so mb phbng cb the khbng chlnh xac niiir thuc nghigm, phuang phdp ndy vdn ed nhung iw diem noi trpi vd huu ieh eho vigc phat tnln dbng ca Trdn quan dilm ndy, rb rang ddy la phuang phip
"khdng t h l thilu" hign nay tai cdc trung tdm nghien
cuu Idn tren t h l gidi, dgc bigt khi tien hdnh dc
nghidn cdu v l bien d l i Uidng so, vi hidu qud cao nghien cdu trdn nhieu miu dbng ca khde nhau Cde uu dilm ehinh ciia phuang phap hi6 phbng la:
- Cd t h l thay d l i dd ddng tat ea d c thbng s6
c^n nghien cdu,
- Cd the dp dgt cdc dieu ki^n ban d^u tren m$t dai r0ng;
- Cb t h l nghien cuu tdch bigt tdng qud trinh con trong tong t h l qud trinh chdy;
' Nguyen Nh|t Lai: Cao hpc Ky ttiugt tau thOy 2009 - Tnj-dng Dgi hgc Nha Trang
= TS Phung Minh Lpc Khoa Ky thuat giao thong - Tnj-dng Dgi hgc Nha Trang
Trang 2- Co the trich xuat thdng tin lien quan mpt each
chi tilt va mpi liic;
- Hieu qud cao v l thdi gian vd ehi phf
Mbt trong nhtrng phin m l m mb phbng dbng iyc
hpc da chieu mgnh la KIVA, duae phdt triln bdi Phdng
thi nghiem Quoc gia Los Alamos (LANL) ciia My [3]
Sy thdnh cbng eiia phin mem md phdng KIVA da
dan din sy su dyng rbng rai KIVA tren t h l gidi, KIVA
Id phan m l m md nguon md (open source code), edn
cdc phan mem khde Id phin m l m md nguon dbng,
hay d n gpi Id phan m l m thuang mgl [1],
Vi vdy, vide nghien euu sd dung phin mem mb
phbng da chieu KIVA de nghien cuu anh hudng ciia
thdi dilm phun din vide phdt thai (NOx, bo hbng) vd
cbng suat dpng ca la h i t sue huu ich Kit qua md
ptiong se udc doan kit qud thye nghipm dieu chinh
II D 6 | TU'Q'NG, THI^T B\, VA PHU'ONG PHAP
NGHIEN CO'U
1 D l i tup'ng va thiet bj nghien cOu
- Dbi tupng nghidn edu: Dbng ea diesel mbt
xy lanh AVL 5402 tgi Phbng thf nghiem Trpng dilm
Dbng ca d i t trong Trudng Dai hpe Bach khoa, Ogi
hoe Quoc gia thanh pho Ho Chi Mtnh Dbng ca
nghien euu d cdc thbng s6 ky thugt eho d bang 1
Bang 1 Thong so ky thudt dpng c v 1 xy lanh
AVL 5402 [2]
- Thilt bi nghidn edu: Gbm may tinh phan mem KIVA3V vd thiet bj AVL bo tri tren hinh 1
TTiong so
So xy ianh
fiirang kinh xy lanii
Dung tich xy ianh
n s l n e n
Nhien lieu
Hethong nhien ligu
Cong suat cyc dai
So Iu'p'ng xu pAp
Kieu xy lanh
He thong phoi Mif
Giatri
1
85 mm
510 7 cm'
1 7 : 1 Diesel Common Rail 18/4200 kW/rpm
2 nap, 1 thai Lfdt DOHC Then ffiem phoi khi
Thon d i ^ xu pdp nap mo
Then diem xu pap nap dong
Th£n diem xu pap xa mb
Thfri diem xu p^p xa dbng
BdegBTDC kyxa 134degBTDC kynen 128degATDC kynen 18degATDC_ki'xa Ifim phun
Kieu kim phun
So l5 tia X dirdnq kinh x goc phun
Luu It/ang
Dd nang kim
G6c phun Sffm
Bosch CPl 1350Bar
5 X 0.17mm X 142°
375ml/30s
0 2mm ISdegBTDC
Hinh I Sot do bo t r i chung thiet bi AVX phyc vg nghi
2 Phirang phdp nghien cipu
Ly thuylt (mb phdng), thyc nghigm kiem chdng III K^T QUA NGHIEN CI>U VA T H A O LUAN Qud trinh chay ciia dpng ca se bit dau xdy ra sau khi phun nhien lieu mpt thdi gian ngdn (Id thdi gian chdy tre), do dd nlu nhien lieu dupc phun diing luc khien sy chay biing phat ngay cubi hdnh trinh nen se tgo iyc day manh len piston, thyc hien hdnh trinh sinh cbng vdi ap iyc khi chdy toi da Nhd vgy ebng suat dpng ca se gia tang Nguac lai, nlu phun nhien ligu trd, nhiet dp va dp suat trong buong ehay
se giam Thdm vao db, hon hap khf chdy chua ehdy
h i t thi da sang ky thai, lam cdng suit dbng ea giam
vd suat tidu hao nhien ligu gia tang Khi gde phun sdm edng nhd {phun nhien lieu tiln gan dilm ehit tren) dp suit eye dgi va nhipt dp cue dgi gidm khiln giam lupng NOx hinh thanh, vi NOx rat nhay edm vdi su biln thien nhigt dp Tuy nhien, nhiet db gidm khiln qud trinh d i t ehdy b l hong sinh ra cung gidm, khien lupng bo hbng phat thai gia tang KIVA3V la ehuong trinh may tinh dung de md phdng cac qua trinh cua dbng ea dot trong noi chung
va qua trinh phun nhien ligu eua dbng ca diesel nbi neng, C l u triie cua chuang trinh gom 3 phin chfnh'
- "Pre - processor": k3prep - chuang trinh dung
d l tgo ludi cho mb hinh;
- "Main - processor", kivaSv - chuang trinh xd
iy chi'nh;
- "Post - processor": Ongin + Tecplot - chuang trinh tao bieu do, hinh anh
Vdi muc dfeh ddnh gia cac thbng so cua qua trinh phun nhu thdi dilm phun vd thdi gian phun den dac tinh cbng s u l l vd phat thai dpng ea thd nghiem, md phbng se dupe Ihyc hien theo bang 2
Trang 3Vigc tgo md hinh ludi diJng ea AVL 5402 trong
KIVA3V dya vao d e thdng s6 dau vdo (bdng 2)
Ngodi ra d n xde dinh cdc thdng s6 k i t d u khde
eua dpng ea nghien cdu nhu: vi tri vd bien dgng
hinh hpe eua buong chdy tren dinh piston Gdc md
phdng dupc xde djnh bing 72" - tuang trung cho
1/5 khbng gian buong dit, gbe mb phong xdc djnh
dya vdo kim phun sd dyng trdn dpng ea nghidn cuu
AVL la loai 5 lo tia vd k i t d u hinh hpc ciia buing d i t
dli xung qua dudng tdm xy lanh, Sau khi xac djnh
cdc thbng so d n thilt cho t§p tin dau vao Iprep.brt
Kit qua thu dupe mpt md hinh ludi ciia dbng ca
AVL vdi gdc mb phbng 72°
Vigc mb phdng se tien hdnh cho 3 c h l dp tai
khac nhau: 40% (non tdi), 60% (trung tdi) vd 80%
(day tdi) 6' mbi ehe dp, d i u tien se thay doi thdi
dllm phun, tir -22°ATDC den -40"ATDC, vdi moi lln
thay doi Id 2° gbe quay trye khuyu (10 diem) Nhu
vdy d 3 X 10 = 30 lan mb phdng
Sau dd, d mbi c h l dp tai se ehpn mbt thdi diem
phun eb dae tinh khf thdi vd d n g suit tot nhat Giir
nguyen thdi dilm phun nay vd luu iupng phun,
thay doi thdi gian phun tu 5° den 14° gde quay true
khuyu, mbi ian thay doi 1° (9 lan) Ta cb 3 x 9 = 27
lan mb phbng Tong cbng Id 57 ian mb phdng thuc
hign theo bang 2
Dua tren ket qua mb phbng nay ndy, d the xac
djnh duac thdi dilm va thdi gian phun ndo id tbt nhat
theo dae tinh cbng suat vd phat thdi cua dbng ca
Bang 2 Thong so md phdng
Thong so qud trinh mo ph6ng
Thong s6 hinh hoc mo phong (thsect)
Toe do dgng co'
Thffi (3iem xu pap nap dong (IVC)
Thoi diem xu pap xa mo (EVO)
Nhiet do ttianh xy ianh
Nhi^t dp dinh piston
Nhi^t dp nap quy ISt
Thdi diem phun
Tai
Thffi gian phun (gdc quay tnjc khuyu)
Nhi^n lieu dac tarng
G6c phun (tia nhien ii^u)
Ap suat iai IVC
Nhigt dp tai IVC
Tlsoxoayl&cbandau
Nhiet dg fia nhign lieu ban dau
Giatri 720"
2000 vong/phijt
134 degBTDC-kynen
128 degATDC-kynen 400»K 400° K 400" K 4«-22»BTDC,btroc2"
40%, 60%, 80%
50-140 b u d d "
c,A
142°
0 926 Bar 313°K 1.0 320"K
1 Sy b i l n thidn cua NOx vd B l hdng theo m diem phun ir 40% tai
Hinh 2 Bi^n thiSn NOi khi thay dSi thoi diSm phEB,
40% tiii
Cb hai nhdn xet n l i bgt: Thd nhat, khi thdi dilm phun d n g tr^ thi NOx d n g gidm; Thu hai, thdi dien phun d n g tre thi dp doc eiia dudng cong NOxcSng thoai thoai, nghTa ia t i e dp hinh thdnh NOx se gi
Sy biln thien cCia bo hbng chia idm hai nhfim |
rb rdt Khi thdi dilm phun t r i dan td -22°ATDC den j -M^ATDC, bo hbng phdt thai gidm ddn, nhung tu -14''ATDC den ^ ^ ATDC lgi tdng dan Nhu vay gia dogn dau, bo hbng khdng tuan theo quy luat la khi NOx giam ddn thi bo hbng se tang dan, md bo hong ciJng gidm dong thdi vdi NOx
;_„
.7^-mnh 3 Bien thign b^ h6ng khi thay abi thori ailm phun,
40% tai
2 Sy b i l n thien cCIa NOx va Bo hong theo thW
d i l m phun o- 60% tdi
Crank AnBlo deg Hinh 4 Bien thiln NOx khi thay doi thiri dilm phon,
60% lii
Trang 4Biln thiSn bo hong khi Ihay doi then dilm
60% tai
Khi thdi dllm phun cang tre thi NOx phdt thai cdng giam Rieng trudng hpp -22''ATDC, do nhigt
dp trong buing chay nhd han so vdi trudng hpp -20''ATDC nen gid trj cua NOx nhb han, diJ thdi dilm
phun sdm han 2" CA
Quy lugt bien doi cua phdt thai b l hbng ngupe
so vdi NOx: Khi thdi dilm phun cang t r i thi bo hdng phdt thai cdng tdng Tuy nhien, khi phun qud t r i nhu trudng hpp -e^ATOC vd -4''ATDC thi bo hdng iai gidm
Bang 3
Ne, (kW)
g (9/kWh)
NOx, (x10-"g)
PM, (x10-"g)
Gia tri cong suat
.22*
5.63
235.1
10.5
0.91
-20' 5.80
228.6
10.8
0.75
, suSt ti£u hao nhidn lieu,
•18' 6.19 214.1
9 9
10
-16°
6.40 207.0 9.5
108
-14°
6.37 208.1 7.7 1.01
40x va bo hong phat thai
-12°
6 32 209.4 6,5 1.19
-10°
634 209.0 4.4 1.34
-8' 6.04 219.2 2.7 1.53
60% tai -6' 5.79 228.7 1.8 1.46
-4° 5.56 238.4 1.4 1.48
3 Si^ bien thien cua NOx vd Bo hong theo thdi diem phun cr 80% tai
Hinh 6 Bien thien NOs k h i tbay d6i thcri d i l m phun,
80% tai
Khi thdi dilm phun cang gdn TDC, thdi gian
ehay trd cdng ngdn vd nhidt db, dp suat d n g gidm
Hinh 7 Bien thien ho hong kbi thay dfti thM diem phun,
80% Ui
Do nhidt db giam ^ i l u kign d n thiet d l NOx hinh thanh khbng cbn, tir db NOx giam mgnh Trdi ngupe vdi NOx, bd hbng gia tang khi phun t r i
Bang 4
Ne, (kW)
g., (gftWh)
NOx, (x10^ g)
PM, (xio-' g)
Gia tri cong s u i t , s u i t tidu hao nhien lieu, NOx va bo hong phat thai
-22"
6.24
246.1
11.4
0,73
-20"
6.83
225.5
11.6 0.53
-18' 7.14 215.9 11.1
0 51
-16"
7.26 212.2 9.79 0.62
-14"
7.45 206.7 7.96 0.87
-12"
7.46
206 5 5,35 0.99
-10"
7.28 211.6 3.20 1.16
-8"
6.93 222.3 1.42 1.36
80% t i i -6"
6 56 235.1 0.70 1.62
-4" 6.16 250.0 0.28 1.97
Hinh 8 Biln Ihien c6ng su&l theo tai trf ng vi thiri dilm phun
Trang 54 ThM'C nghiem
Tien hanh eho dOng ca thyc nghipm chay d so
vbng quay 2000 v/phut (bo tri thiet b] trdn hinh 1),
Bang 5 So sanh ket qua
gbe phun sdm: 18°BTDC, vdi ba ehe dp tai Id 40%, 60% vd 80%, dupe thilt lgp bdng edeh thay floj iupng nhidn li$u phun tuang ung
thyc nghidm vd md phong
STT
1
2
3
D^i llidng
Ne, (kW)
NOx, (xio-" g)
PM, (xlO-ig)
40% t i i
T h ^ nghidm
5.25
6.77
0.86
M6 ph6ng 5,30 6,68 0,83
GO%tal
T h ^ nghifm 6.11
10 5 1.12
M6 phdng 6.19 9.9 1.0
80% t i l
T h ^ nghilm 7.05 12.3 0.55
M& phdng 7.14
111 0.51 Cde thbng s l dupe ghi nhdn Id d n g suat dbng
ea vd ehit dbe hai phdt thai Tgi moi dilm do, kit
qud Id tri sb trung binh cua 1000 ehu Wy S l lln thd
nghidm tai m i l dilm id 3 ian, k i t qua ddnh gid Id k i t
qud tnjng binh eua 3 l l n thu Bang 3 trinh bay k l l
qua thye nghidm dol ehung vdi mb phong
Cde thbng s l do dupe tu thye nghidm thudng
xau han mb phbng do ede dilu kidn bidn, tham s6
dau vao khi mb phdng khbng t h l hign hit dupc cde
ton that cua chu trinh cdng tac
IV K^T LUAN
Khi thay doi thdi dilm phun, dya tren cde k i t
qua mb phbng vd thye nghidm da Wnh bay d tren,
eb mbt so k i t luan sau:
- Thdi dilm phun cang mubn thl lupng NOx phdt thdi d n g gidm Vdi d n g mpt thdi dilm phun,j nhin chung dpng ca hoat dbng d chl dp tai ldn honj
d lupng NOx phdt thdi Idn han fl
- Thdi dllm phun cdng mupn thi lupng b l hbng phdt thdi edng tang Vdi cung mbt thdi dilm phun, nhin chung dbng ca boat dpng d ehl db tdi Idn hon •
eb lupng bo hdng phdt thai idn han ^ |
- Khi thay doi thdi dilm phun, d n g suit se dgi gia trj cyc dgi trong mpt khoang ndo db Phun sdm hay t r i han d i u lam giam d n g suat (hinh 8)
- Thye nghiem tren dbng ca nghidn cuu AVL 5402,
khi tai nhb va vira, phun d thdi diem -le^ATDC la toi mi, nhung khi tang tdi Idn 80%, thbi dilm phun tli uu se bl han d -14<'ATDC ddn -12"ATDC (bang 3 va 4)
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Tieng Viet
1 PhiingMrnhLpc, 2012 Ngben Cliu tyl^ pha tron hgp ly giiia dSu diia VEi diu diesel dung lam nhien li$u cho dOngco Diesel
nham cai thi?n cac chi tieu kinh le va moi tnrang, Lu^n an Ti6n sT Ky Ihuat Truang Dai hgc Nha Trang
TiengAnh
2 AVL LIST GMBH Graz, HUT - Hanoi AVL 5402 Single cylinder research engine No 5402.030/Inslnictor manual for engine
5402, 2002 Report single cylinder research engine 5402.030 with endoscope sleeves for optical access via VisioScope
3 A A.Amsden, 1999 KIVA-3V release 2 improvements to iaVA-3V LosAlamos LA-UR-99-915
4 Garten Baumgarten, 2006 Mixture formation in intemal cobustion engines Germany
5 Khai, Nguyen Le Duy, N.Sung, 2009 Effects of split injection on soot emissions in a diesel engine Ky y@u Hgi nghj Khoa
hpc cong ngh? lan thii 11
6 Karrholm, F.P, 2008 Numencal modelling of diesel spray injection, turbulence interaction and combustioiL Thesis for
Doctor of Philosophy