Làm mát khí tăng áp cho động cơ diesel tàu thủy bằng phương pháp làm lạnh hấp thụ

San lUpng hoi thu dupe tfl noi hoi la rat ddi ddo, thfldng dflpc dung vao nhieu myc dich: ham ddu ddt, ve sinh bao dfldng thiet bi, phuc vu sinh hoat...Vdi muc tieu khai thac triet de ng

NGHIEN cflu-TRAOeOl

LAM MAT KHI TANG AP CHO DONG CO DIESEL TAU THUY

BANG PHU'ONC PHAP LAM LANH HAP THU

COOLING THE INLET MR FOR MARINE ENGINE BY ABSORPTION COOLING METHOD

TS Vii Ngoc Khilm, KS Nguyen Qudc Tuan Trfldng Dai hpc Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai

Ndng lUdng cua khi xd dgng cd diesel tdu thuy td ldu da dddc tdn dung de van hdnh cdc thilt bi nhu tua bin khi xd vd ndi hdi khi xd nhdm ndng cao hieu sudt sd dung nhiin lieu Boi vdi cdc dgng cd diesel tdu thuy cd ldn, sdn lUdng hdi cua ndi hdi khi xd la rdt ddi ddo thddng dddc dung vdo nhieu muc dich nhd: Hdm ddu dot, ve sinh bdo dudng thiit hi, phuc vu sinh hogt Bdi bdo di xudt mgt hddng mdi trong viec sd dung ngudn ndng Iddng ndy Bd Id ldm mdt khdng khi tdng dp cho dgng CO bdngphUdng phdp ldm Ignh hdp thu sd dung ngudn ndng Iddng cua ndi hdi khi xd

ABSTRACT

The energy ofthe exhaust gas from marine diesel engines has long been utilized to operate equipment such as exhaust gas turbines and exhaust gas boilers to improve fuel efficiency For large marine diesel engines, steam output of the exhaust gas boiler is high and is often used for many purposes such as heating oil, cleaning and maintaining equipment and for life activities The paper proposes a new way of taking advantage of this source of energy That is to cool the boosted gas for engine by absorption cooling method usingenergy of exhaust gas boiler

DAT VAN D E khdng khi dfla vio xi lanh, ddng CO khdng phat

huy hit cdng suit

Tang ap cho ddng cd diesel la phflong

phip dflng may nen dfloc dan ddng bang tua bin Dl giim thieu anh hfldng xau trin, viec khi xi dl nen khdng khi trfldc khi nap vio xi lim mit he thdng tang ap li cin thilt Cd nhilu

lanh cua ddng cts Giii phip niy, thflc chat la tang phflong phip lam mat khi tang ap Ddi vdi dOng

Iflong khdng khi nap vi qua dd ting Ifldng nhiln co diesel tau thuy khi tang ap cd the dfldc lim mat lieu dfldc ddt chiy trong xi lanh Kit qua li lim trflc tilp bang nfldc biln hoac lim mit theo hai

ting cdng suit cua ddng ca Tuy nhiln, khi nen vdng tuan hoin Lflc niy trong he thdng lam mat

khdng khi, nhilt dp khdng khi nen se ting lln se dfldc trang bi mdt td hop bdm nfldc man vi Dilu niy dan den hau qui khdng tdt la lim giam bom nfldc ngpt Ddi vdi he dong lflc diesel tau

ty trpng cua khi dfloc nap, tflc li giim trpng Ifldng thuy, cdng suit cua td hdp bdm niy cd thi tfl 2 den

NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO e(!)l

tren dfldi 10 KW tfly thudc vdo tdi trpng efla tau

TVong khi dd, dpng eo diesel tau thuy dflpc lap

trin nhflng con tau trpng tai ldn thi khi xa do ddng

CO thai ra cd Iflu Iflpng rat ldn Ap sudt vd nhiet

dp cdn khd cao, mang theo ngudn nang Iflpng

ldn thai ra ngodi Ngudn nang Iflpng nay chiem

khodng 20% d i n 25% tong Iflpng nhiet cap vao

cho dpng CCS Lflpng khi xa sau khi da qua tuabin

khi xd dflpc dUa vao ndi hoi khi xd San lUpng hoi

thu dupe tfl noi hoi la rat ddi ddo, thfldng dflpc

dung vao nhieu myc dich: ham ddu ddt, ve sinh

bao dfldng thiet bi, phuc vu sinh hoat Vdi muc

tieu khai thac triet de ngudn nang Iflpng khi thai,

tren the gidi cung nhfl trong nfldc da cd nhieu

nghiin cflu flng dyng ngudn nang Iflpng ndy de

van hdnh may Igjih kieu hap thu Mpt trong sd do

CO the flng dung cho mdy lanh hap thy de lam mdt

khi tdng dp

2 tfNG DUNG THIET BI L A M LANH KIEU

HAP THU DE L A M M A T KHi TANG A ?

Ldm lanh kilu hap thu la phuong phap

lim lanh da cd tfl ldu ddi nhflng gan day mdi dflpc

chu y trd l^i do nhflng Uu diem rat d?ic thu cua

phflong phdp ndy la dung nhiet ndng de lam lanh

va dflpc van hdnh vdi nhflng cdng chat thdn thien

vdi mdi trUdng So sdnh vdi phUPng phap ldm

lanh bang may nen, d phuong phdp ldm Iginh hap

thy, ngUdi ta thay qua trinh nen hoi trong mdy

nen bdng binh hap thy de hdp thy hoi radi chat d

ap suat thdp thdnh dung dich rdi dung bom (tieu

t6n rat it cdng suat so vdi phflong phdp dflng may

nen hoi) dfla dung dich lln binh tdch hoi d dp sudt

cao hon de tao ra hoi d dp suat nay D l thflc hien

dupc qua trinh nay, trong may l ^ h hap thy phai

CO mOt cap mdi chdt la chat tai l^nh va chat hap

thy Dac dilm cfla cap mdi chat nay la d eung mdt

ap suat thi nhiet dp sdi hodn toan khdc nhau Chdt

CO nhi?t dp sdi thap dflpc dung ldm chat tai lanh,

chat khdng sdi dUpc gpi la chdt hap thy Cap mdi

chift thdng dyng thudng dung ngdy nay la cap mdi

chat NHj - Hp va cap mdi chat BrLi - Hp

2.1 Lfla chpn phUOng an Iam lanh hap thu tan

dvng nhiet khi xa

Bi cung cdp ndng Iflpng van hdnh may lanh

hap thu (MLHT) tan dyng nhilt khi xd cd the sfl dung cae phflong an lay nhiet trflc tilp tfl khf xd sau khi da qua tua bin - mdy nen hodc sdn Iflpng nhiet tfl ndi hoi khi xd Theo tinh todn so bd v l sdn lupng hoi cua ndi hoi va cdc nhu cau sfl dung hoi tren tdu thfly thi viec lfla chpn nhiet tfl ndi hoi

de cung cap cho MLHT id phfl hpp hon vi ngodi viee san Iflpng hoi cua ndi hoi hoan todn dam bdo cdng suat cho MLHT thi viec van hdnh MLHT ciing dn dinh hon, dam bdo an todn vd ehu ky ve sinh thiet bi cung dai hon so vdi khi sfl dyng trflc tiep nhi^t Iflpng khi xa ddng eo

Nhu cau lam mat cho khi nen tang dp dpng CO diesel tdu thuy vao khoang tfl 95 - 125"C xudng 35- 55''C la khdng qud sdu nen ta cd the lfla chpn loai may lanh hap thy 1 cap Cap mdi chdt cdng tac cd the lfla chpn Id BrLi - H^O vi cap mdi chdt ndy khdng gdy ddc, ddm bdo cac chi tieu ve mdi trUdng, ddng thdi ylu cdu vl nhiet dd ngudn nhiet cap cho thilt bi sinh hoi thap (cd the thap

d i n 80''C) phu hpp vdi nhiet dd hoi nfldc cua ndi hoi khi xd

Hinh I Thiit bi ldm lanh khdng khi BrLi - Hfl

2.2 Tinh toan may lanh hap thu tan dung nhilt ndi hoi khi xd

2.2.1 Nhiet lUang can thiit dildm mdt khi tdng

dp

De tinh todn MLHT tan dyng nhilt ndi hoi khi xa trfldc het ta phdi xac dinh cdc thdnh phan nhiet Iflpng nhfl; khi xa cua dpng co, nhiet lupng cua ndi hoi vd cdc nhu cau dung hOi tren tdu thuy Cae thdng sd tinh toan cho MLHT bao gdm cae thdng sd cfla bau ngflng va bau sinh hoi

NGHIEN Cflu-TRAOBdi

bau bay hdi va bau h i p thu, thiet bi hdi nhilt, Iflu

Iflong dung dich tuan hoan, nhi^t dd ra khdi thilt

bi hdi nhilt, nhilt do dung dich trong binh smh

hdi, nhilt dd ngflng tii, nhilt do bay h d i

C h l dd tinh t o i n dfldc lfla chpn l i 2 c h l

dp 80% va 90% tii cua dpng cd vi d i y la cic c h l

dp l i m vile on dinh va thfldng xuyIn cila ddng co

t i u thuy

|M«|>«>«M>

CIK

TMlCt.O|

~ r

-T.kQ«

Tk^tiMJB

•B^<t

G ^ = G , , ( a , G „ + l ) ( l « / h ) (1.1) G^- Iflong t i l u hao n h i l n lieu cfla ddng co chinh, kg/h;

Uj - he sd dfl Iflpng khdngidii thflc t l ;

G - Iflpng khong khi 1^ thuylt can thilt d l ddt chiy 1kg n h i l n lieu

N h i l t Iflpng do khi xa tda ra Q ^ tmh theo cdng thflc [3]: '

G«-Cf At (W)

+ At = t ^ - t^ l i h i l u n h i l t dd khi x i v i o v i ra ndi hoi

+ C •": n h i l t dung riing khi xa C^""" = 1,12 + 1,25 kJ/Kg.dd

- Tinh todn sdtt ItitSnghdi cita noi hdi

Qm,=QKx^^ (1-3)

Trong dd r\^ hilu suit ndi hoi [4], t\^= 0,85

-TmhtodnllMlghlficolhecm^cc^dioMUir

T r i n t i u thi n h i l t Ifldng lay tfl ndi hoi dflpc p h i n bd va sfl dung nhfl sau [4]:

Cung cdp cho hi thong hdm ddu ddt cho ddng cd chinh [W]

1348.G,,

(1.7)

Cung cdp cho nhu cdu sinhhdgt trin tdu[Wl

0,325.10'

^6

(1.8)

Hmh 2 Thudt todn tinh nhu cdu hdi cda tdu thdy

- Tinh todn lUdngkhixd

Lflpng khi xd G ^ d o ddng co ehinh xd ra

xdc dinh theo edng thfle [3]:

-I- S: sd thuyin vien tr^n tdu, ngUdi;

NhiBt lUdng thdt thodt do rd lot vd nhi&m

vu khdc [W]

Qj^=0,05.Q^ (1.9)

NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO DOI

Nhiit lUdng diphuc vu mdy Ignh hdp thu [W]

' Nhiet luang c&n thiit di lam mat khi tdng dp

Nhi^t lupng edn thiet de lam mdt khi tang

ip (Q|) dupc tinh todn dUa vdo khdi lflpng khdng

Idii tang dp vd kit edu efla bdu lam mdt khi tdng

ip tflong flng dii dp lam vile djnh mflc cfla dpng

cd TUy nhien d l don gidn ta cd t h i dfla vao ket

cSu va nhiet dp dau vdo vd ddu ra cfla bdu lara mdt

c6:trong ly lich dpng co Gid tri nay dflpc dung de

tinh todn cdc thdng sd eho MLHT

Phu tdi thiit bi hdp thu: [l]

Qa = G A + G , i 3 , - G , i ,

Phu tdi thiit bi ngUng tu: [1]

Phu tdi thiit bi sinh hdi: [lj

Q„ = GA + G A - G , i ,

- Cdc thong so Icit cdu chinh cua MLHT

Thilt hi bau ngflng tu v i sinh hdi - Thilt bi bau bay hdi v i hap thu [1]

Nhilt Iflpng c i n thiet d l l i m mat khi tang Sd dng trong thilt bi Ii:

ip(Ql) [H:

Q, = K.F At,^.,[W] (1.10) 4G +1 , t^: Nhilt dd v i o va ra cfla b i u l i m mat ["C];

+ F : Diln tich truyln nhilt cfla thilt bi lim G,: Lflu Iflpng khdi Iflpng cua nfldc lim mat

mit,ltti']; thilt bi ngflng h,;

+ At,^: Do chlnh nhilt dd trung bulh,[»Cl; ^^^ B-^^ng ' ' ^ " " " B '^'=' ^ " 8 ' ™ "1°' " 1 " ^ '

t K.; HI sd truyln nhilt cua thilt bi l i m m i t [ W/ * i l t hi ngflng tu;

m'.dp]

2,2.2 Tinh todn hi thong lim Ignh hdp thu

- Tinh todn cdc thong sS cdng tdc chinh

cia MLHT

Xic dinh nhilt dp ngflng tu;

Nhiet dd dung dich trong binh sinh hoi [ 1 ]

'K = V 5 [ ° C 1

Lflu Iflpng mdi chit lanh dflpc tinh theo

cing thflc [1]

G d = a.,[kg/s]

9

6 day q^i = r(t^) l i nhilt an hda hoi cfla

n#C;d nhi|t dd t

0)^: Tdc dp nfldc lim mat cua thilt hi ngflng tu; p^: Khdi Ifldng riing cua nfldc lim mat Diln tich b l mat h i p nhilt:

K^: H I sd truyln nhilt;

Atj^: Dp chlnh nhilt dp trung binh trong thilt bi;

Thilt bi hdi nhiit [lj

Chilu d i i cua dng trong thilt bi hoi nhi|t:

!r.d,

-(m)

Diln tich truyln nhilt cua thilt bi hdi nhi|t,[mM

Q : phu t i i lanh cua may lanh

T ^ P C H l C O K H l V l f i T N A M • Sd 6 (Thing 6 nam 2013)

NGHltN cflu - TRAO DPi

Kj_,: H I sd truyln nhilt cua thiet bi hdi n h i l t , [W/ ^

m^dd];

A'ftta • B ^ '**"'^ • * • ? ' ^9 ' " " 8 '''">'' * " ° g * ' ^ '

bi hdi nhilt

2.2.3 Tinh todn MLHT dng difng cho dong cd cu

thi

N g h i i n cflu dflpc tinh t o i n flng dung t r i n

mdt ddng cfl cij the l i ddng cd G6300ZC6B Dpng

CO G6300ZC6B l i loai ddng cd 4 thi cd 6 xilanh

bd tri 1 hang thing dflng N h i l n heu sfl dijng l i

dau FO v i DO cd cdng suit ldn n h i t 1125 KW tai

vdng quay n = 500v/p Kit qua tmh t o i n dflpc the

h i l n dfldi b i n g sau: Hmh 3: Chu trinh nhiit ddng cda mdy lanh hdp diu

Bdng 1: Cdc thdng sd chinh cua thilt bi mdy lanh hdp thu

Ten thiet bi

Bau ngflng va bau sinh hoi

Bau bay hoi vd bau hdp thy

Thiet bi hdi nhi^t

D.kinh dng (m) d„=0,02 d.„=0,022 d„= 0,015 d„=0,017 d,^=0,022

d, = 0,024

S.lg6ng

32

20

1

D.t!chBMHN(mO 2,656 1,28 1,35

C.daidi^ (m) 1,2 1,2 19,4

Bdng 2: Cdc thdng so trgng thdi cua chu trinh cdng tdc mdy lanh hdp thu

Diem

1

r

2

3

3'

4

5

6

Trang thai Dung dich dara dac sdi ra khoi binh hap thu

Dung dich dam dac soi ra khdi binh hdi nhilt

Hoi niidc bao hda khd ra khdi binh sinh hdi

Dung djch loang sdi ra khdi binh sinh hdi

Dung dich loang qua lanh ra khdi binh hdi nhiet (xem

gan dung dung dich l i soi)

Dung dich loing sdi vao binh hSp thu

Nndc ngiing ra khdi thilt bi ngUng tu

Hoi nildc bao hda ra khdi thiet bi bay hoi

t[»Cl

40

81

77

92

50

50

41

8

P[Bar]

0,009

1 0,009

1 0,062

0 0,062

0 0,062

0 0,009

1 0,062

0 0,009

1

[kgH,0/kgdd] 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,365 0,365 0.365

1

1

1 [kj/kgl 95,4 181,1

2660 205,1 117,1 121,5 145,4

2510

NGHIEN c u u - TRAO DOI

Qua kit q u i tinh t o i n cho i^tig CO G6300ZC6B cd the thiy klch thflc cua may lanh hap thy

BrLi - HjO rat gpn nhe, k i t ciu thilt bi khdng qua phflc tap n i n van h i n h ddn giin, he sd an toan cao,

dl bio dfldng

3.K£TLUAN

- Cng dljng cdng nghl lam 1 ^ kilu h i p thu d l l i m m i t cho khdng khi tang ap cfla ddng cd thay cho phfldng p h i p l i m mat bang nfldc biln ngoii tau la mdt hfldng nghiin cflu mdi nham ting thim giii p h i p l i m m i t khi tang i p cho ddng cd

- Ning cao h i | u suit sfl dtmg nhilt t r i n tiu thfly bing each t i n dimg nhi|t tfl ndi hoi khi xi Xiy dflng dflpc phfldng phap tinh toan m i y lanh h i p t i n dung ngudn ning Iflpng thfla tfl khi xi, tfl dd

dl ra mdt hfldng mdi ve viec t i n dung ngudn nang Ifldng thfla niy.*>

Ngiy nhJn bii: 10/5/2013

Ngay phan biln: 18/6/2013

Ngfldi phan Mtn: PGS, TS H i Quang Minh, Hpc vien Ky thugit Quin sfl

Tii Ii$u tham khao:

(11 Nguyin Dflc Lpi HUdng dan thiit klhe thong ignh (1999), NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuit

tij.Vo Nghia - Le Anh Tuin (2005) Tang dp dgng cd dot trong, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat [3] Ll Viet LUpng (2004), L)J thuylt ddng cd Diezen, NXB Giao due Ha NpL

[4] Cue Ding kilm Vilt Nara (2003), Quy phgm ddng tdu vd thep

TAP C H l C O K H i V I E T N A M • S d d (Thing 6 nam 2013)