Huynh Minh Hdu 'Hpe viln Ky thudt Qudn sfl, ^Sd Khoa hoc Cdng nghe tinh Ddng Nai TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy md hinh vd trinh tU tinh todn cdc thiit bi khi thiet ki, cdi tiin be thiCphan
Trang 1NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 |
NGHIEN CLPU THI^T Kt CAC THI^T Bl COA BE THLP PHANH
Dt KieWI TRA HE T H 6 N G PHANH ABS
'TS Nguyin Van TVd, ^ThS Huynh Minh Hdu 'Hpe viln Ky thudt Qudn sfl, ^Sd Khoa hoc Cdng nghe tinh Ddng Nai
TOM TAT
Bdi bdo trinh bdy md hinh vd trinh tU tinh todn cdc thiit bi khi thiet ki, cdi tiin be thiCphanh, de
kiem tra ddnh gid cdc thdng so hi thdng phanh cd bd chdng hdm cUngbdnhxe (ABS) Kit qud nghiin cUu
laluqn cUkhoa hgc cho cdc tram ddng kiem tham khdo dehodn thien cdc thiet bi trong be thvt phanh
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the model and order calculation when designing or innovation the testing
brake in order to check the parameters ofunti-lock braking system (ABS) Researching results are refered
for automotive registration center to improve a components of testing brake
cum: bdnh xe vd he thdng dan ddng phanh thuy lflc, cum dan ddng bdnh xe, mdy tinh vd thilt bi hien thi (hinh 1)
I.DATVANDE
Trong ITnh vflc dang kilm d td, dac bilt
quan tdm din viec phdt triln vd hodn thien cdng
nghe cung nhfl cdc thilt bi phuc vu thfl nghiem he
thdng phanh, he thdng be thfl phanh O cde trung
tam dang kilm nfldc ta hien nay, ehfla kilm tra
xac dinh dflpc chdt Iflpng Idm vile cua he thdng
phanh cd bd ehdng ham cflng bdnh xe (ABS) ma
chi kiem tra ddnh gid dflpc hilu qud phanh Vi
vay, nghiin eflu thiet k l be thfl phanh cho nhflng
xe hien dai cd trang bi he thdng phanh ABS dat ra
la can thiet
2 NGHIEN CUU THIET KE BE THU' PHANH
2.1 Xay dflne md hinh be thu bd chong ham , , , - , , i
Cling banh xe kh phanh (ABS) , ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^, ^^, ^-^^ ^^ .^ 1^,^ pha.h, 3 Hop g,am toe
Md hinh be thfl bp chdng ham cflng banli ^ ^^^^^^ ^^-^^ 5 g^ truyen xich, 6 Cac con Ian dSn dong, 7
^e Sli d u n g t h e o n g u y e n ly k i e u d p n g c o - h o p g i a n i Cam bien toe do, 8 Banh xe kiem tra, 9, Bang dieu khien,
toe can bang, cau tao chinh cua md hinh gdm cac H) Mav iinh yi\ thici hi hicn thi "^
So 5 (Thang 5 niim 2012)
Trang 2NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO B6\
2.2 Tinh toan thiet kl cac thilt hi trln b^ thfl
phanh
Khi thilt kl cdi tiln b^ thfl phanh ABS,
cde thdnh phan thiet hi nlu trong md hinh (hinh
1) dlu dflpc tinh todn ky Ifldng Di duy tri dflpc
trang thdi cua bdnh xe nhfl khi h | thdng phanh
ABS boat dpng chdng bd cflng bdnh xe thi vi|c
tinh todn eon lan cung vdi bd truyin dpng khd
phflc tap, d day tap trung trinh bdy vipc tinh todn
thilt kl eon lan vd ddng eo di|n dflpc sfl dpng
trong b | thfl
2.2.1 Chgn chidd khdo sdt
• Tai trpng:
Tdi trpng Id mpt thdng sd hit sfle quan
trpng dl tinh todn cae ehi tilt cung nhfl tinh bin
kit cau eho be thfl Trln be thfl, tdi trpng d^t lln
mdi bdnh xe dflpc sinh ra do Iflc silt cua cde bu
Idng gifla true banh xe va khung Dfla trln so lipu
thfle tl eua ede xe du ljch cd the xac dinh tai trpng
dat lln mdi banh Id 400 kg
• Toe dp:
Vile xac dinh van tde cua md hinh phdi
ddm bdo hpp ly Nlu chpn vain tdc nhd qua se ldm
cho kit qud thfl khdng chinh xdc, khdng sat vdi
dilu kiln boat ddng cua d td Nhflng nlu chpn
van tdc thfl qud ldn se gay rung dpng ldn, khdng
ddm bdo dil'u kiln dn dinh cua qua trinh kilm
tra, gdy mat an toan Mat khac, khi chpn van tde
ldn thi kit cau cde thilt bi trln md hinh se Idn,
cdng kenh, yeu cau phai cung cap mpt ngudn
nang Iflpng cd cdng sudt ldn
Dl ddm bao dilu ki|n lam vi|c cua bp
dilu khien dien tfl va the hi|n dflpc sfl thay ddi
tdc dp cua banh xe trong qud trinh phanh, ta chpn
van tdc thfl cfla banh xe trln md hinh la 8 km/h
2.2.2 Tinh todn thiet ke con ldn
• Tinh toan thilt ke dfldng kinh con lan:
Con lan truyin lpc din banh xe nhd lflc bdm, md lflc bam thi phu thupc vdo h | sd bdm gifla bl mat eon lan vd bdnh xe
Ngodi cdc ylu td thupc vl kit cdu cua Idp
xe (dp sudt ldp, d^ng hoa ldp, tdi trpng ), h | sd bdm gifla bdnh xe chu dpng vd eon Ian php thupc cac ylu td nhfl: nguyin li|u chl t^o bl mat con ldn, hinh dang bl mat con ldn vd ddc bi|t Id dfldng kinh con lan
Dilu ki|n tdc dung eua ldp xe vdi sfl quay cua con ldn vd vdi mat dfldng Id khdc nhau, trong qud trinh dd, cd sfl thay ddi cua lpc phan bd d cdc
vj tri tilp xuc cua ldp bl mat Idp Dai Iflpng d^c trflng eho sfl phan bd dp Ifle rieng d chd tilp xuc
Id h | sd ma sdt vd Iflc cdn dao dpng Chung ta dl ddng nhdn thay rdng di|n tich tilp xuc gifla lop vdi be mat con lan nhd hdn di^n tich tilp xuc gifla ldp vd mat dfldng, cdn ap Ifle rieng thi ldn hon Thflc nghiem cho thay ap lflc rieng eua ldp xe va eon lan ldn hdn 30 •^ 35 %, dilu do dan den thay ddi he sd bdm
Ngoai ra, dp vdng eua con lan anh hfldng din dp trflpt eua banh xe, tfle la dp trflpt php thupc vao dfldng kinh eon lan Sfl quan h | gjGa ty 1| dfldng kinh con Ian vdi dfldng kinh bdnh xe vd dp trflpt tflOng ddi gifla ehung dflpc the hi|n tren hinh 2
Hinh 2: B6 thi quan h | dp trflpt bdnh xe theo ty s6
a = Del /Dbx Trln hinh 2, X la dp trflpt tflong ddi gifla
Trang 3NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO OOl
banh xe vd mat con lan, a la ty sd gifla dfldng kinh
con lan va dfldng kinh banh xe Dfla vdo dd thi
nay ta thay sfl trflpt tflOng ddi on dmh khi a > 0,4,
bat dau tang khi a = 0,25 ^ 0,4 vd tang rat nhanh
khi a < 0,2
De dam bao dp trflpt dn dmh, ta chpn a =
0,3 Dfla vao he sd ndy, dfldng kinh eon lan dflpc
tinh nhfl sau:
D, = a x D = 2 x a x / ? (1)
Trong dd: \^ la bdn kinh eua banh xe, B^^
= 310 mm; D^, = 2 x 0.3 x 310 = 186 mm Chpn:
Del = 190 mm
*> Be mat con lan;
<* Tinh todn khodng each tam giCra cdc con lan:
De dam bao dieu kien dn djnh cua banh
xe tren gia, giam rung dpng banh xe khi quay, khoang each tam giu'a hai con lan phai du Idn Tuy nhien, khoang each dd cung khdng dirpc qua ldn de giam tai tac dung len cac con Ian Xet so
dd phan bd Iy:c nhu hinh 4, khi dpng co dien quay ddn dpng con lan quay va thdng qua ma sat giiia
b i mat con Ian klo bdnh xe quay theo Sau mdt thdi gian, con ldn va banh xe quay vdi tdc dp dn dinh
a) b)
Hinh 3: Kit cdu be mat con lan
3.) Con lan co be mat Idiia nham
b) Con lan c6 be m|t phii vat lieu ma sat
1 True con lan
2 Phan xddng tang chiu lUc
3 Ranli khia tao dp bam
4 Vat lieu ma sat
5 Ldp cliat ket dinh
Phan chiu lflc cua tang eon Ian dflpc c h l
tao bang thep CT45, de dam bdo dp eflng vflng
cho con lan trong qua trinh Idm vile phai xac
dinh ehieu day 8 eua tang eon lan hpp Iy, ta chpn
S = 10 mm
Hmh dang vd vat Ueu b l mat con lan quylt
dinh din he sd ma sat gifla con lan va bdnh xe, cac
be miit con lan cd the Idm bang t h i p va dflpc c h l
t^o thanh ede vet khia, cdc ranh hoac ede gan De
tang dp bdm, t r l n b l mat eon lan cd t h i phu mdt
Icip v|t lieu phi kim loai cd he sd ma sat Idn
Hinh 4: Tac dung luc tucmg hd gifla con Ian vd banh xe khi quay dn dinh
1 Banh xe kifim tra, 2 Con lan chu dong,
3 Con lan bi dong
Hinh 5: Tdc dung lire tuong hd giua con Ian va bdnh xe khi dap phanh
1 Banh xe kiSm tra, 2 Con lan chu dgng,
3 Con lan bi dpng
Sd 5 (Thang 5 nam 2012)
Trang 4NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 0(!) I
Ta cd: P, = Gl y;,,^ ;P^^G^ /„^ (2)
s u r a sin a / , o\ (3)
1 + —^- + 2 - cos (a+p 1
sin-y9 sin/? ^ -^
G = G, s\n/3 (4)
Trong dd:
Pi va P, la lflc ma sdt gifla bdnh xe vd con
lan 1 vd 2;
/^^^^ Id h | sd ma sdt gifla bdnh xe va con Idn
Khi bdt ddu dap phanh, lflc phanh se sinh
ra mdt md men phanh trong banh xe, ngflpc
chiiu chuyin dpng cfla banh xe Md men ndy tde
dung lln 2 dilm ty A vd B trln cdc con ldn, ngflpc h = L.tg *t* = L.tg
vdi chiiu ehuyen ddng cfla chung Cde lflc ndy cd
tdc dung lam eho banh xe cd xu hfldng bi day vl
hfldng ngflpc Iai, nd lam tdng trpng Iflpng phan
bd lln true eon lan chu ddng 2 va Idm giam trpng
Iflpng phan bd lln true con ldn bi ddng 3 Khi ay,
Ifle ma sdt sinh ra tren ede bl mat con lan tflOng
flng cung biln ddi theo
Gpi khodng each bd tri con lan sau cao hdn con lan trfldc mpt do^n Id h, va gde hpp bdi dfldng ndi tdm hai eon lan vd mdt phdng ngang la
^t' Tfl O ha dfldng thang OM vudng gde vdi 0,0^ Ichi dd gdc hpp bdi OM vd phflong thdng dflng cung Id *
Ta ludn cd: a - (jf ^ P-\-<t>
Tfl dd, cd the tinh dflpc khodng each gifla hai con ldn:
L = 20,Mcosf = 2(R,, + R J c o s f (5) Trong dd:
R^i Id ban kinh eon Ian, R^i = —— = 95 mm
Dp I|ch tdm gifla ede true eon lan:
a-fi
(6) Chpn ct = 35" va " = 20°, thay sd vdo eac edng thflc tren ta cd: *t> = 7,50 ; L = 370 mm; h =
49,2 mm
2.2.3 Tinh todn chgn dgng cd dien
Hpp lflc R cua eae lflc ma sat vd lflc G tao
vdi dfldng thang dflng mdt gde T tdng dan theo
md men phanh Cho din khi V > a, dilu ki|n mat
dn dinh xdy ra Khi dd, nlu he sd ma sdt du ldn
thi bdnh xe se cd xu hfldng bi bat ra khdi cdc con
lan De khae phuc dilu ndy can phdi dung cac mdi
ghep dl cd dinh trpc banh xe vdi khung be thfl
• Tinh cac kich thfldc bd tri con lan theo « va ^
Hinh 6: Kich thfldc
bd tri con Ian
I Banh xe kiem tra,
2 Con l5n chu dpng,
3 Con lan bi dpng
Tinh cong sudt can thiet:
Cdng suat can thilt dflpc tinh:
A',
Trong d6:
- [ W ] (7)
N - cong suat tren con lan [W];
P - \\lc phanh Idfn nhat tren con lan [N],
bo qua sU thay d6i ap lUc tac dung l^n cac con lan trong qua trinh phanh ta co:
r pmai ' ' J ms
f^ la he so ma sat 16n nhat gifla banh xe va
con lan, f^ = 0,75; v la v|in toe dai ciia con lan
Trang 5NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOI
[m/s], v = 6 k m / h = 1,67 (m/s); r j - hieu suat cua ' ^^^ 1"^ tinh toan eon Ian va ddng co
bo truyin d i | n dflpc trinh bay cp thi, tfl kit qud dd cd the
2 g tham khdo cdi tien be thfl phanh d l kilm tra ddnh
1 - 1 \ -ll -Vi ll (^) gid chat Iflpng h | thdng phanh cd bd ehdng ham
eflng banh xe (ABS) phuc vu cho cac tram dang
n ^ = 0,96 - hieu suat bp truyen xich; kilm vd nghiin cflu khoa hpc
rj^ = 0,92 - hieu suat cua mpt cap banh rdng;
\ = 0,995 - hieu sudt cfla mpt cap d lan; - Cdc thanh phan khde trong be thfl si
n , u - •! - 1 L i- dflpc nghien cflu vd trinh bay trong cde sd bdo
'I = 1 - hieu suat cua khdp noi ' °
tiep theo Be thfl phanh kiem tra ddnh gia chdt _ J , , , ^ Ifldng he thdng phanh ed bp chdng hdm cflne Thay so, tinh toan duoc: , , ,
rt-niQi N - 6 2 6 2 S « / °^"^ ^^ ^^^^^ " ^ ^ ^^"^"^ ^^^^ ^^"S ^^ '^'^ V '^S^^^
'I - tJ,/ol,'*c^ u.iui,j \Y , , ^ * , ^ i , , , , ,
Ion ve viec kiem tra dmh ky an toan ky thudt cho
• Chpn dong cd dien: ^^^ phflong tiln co gidi dfldng bp •
Dfla vdo edng suat can thilt tinh todn
dflpc, ta tien hdnh chpn dpng ca diln Ddng co
diln cdn chpn phai cd cdng suat Idn hon cdng suat
can thilt, Id loai ddng ca diln khdng ddng bd 3
Tai lilu tham khao:
t ' I T , ' - ' ^ J 1 1' 1- [iL Trinh Chat, Ll Van Uyen: Tinh toan thilt kl he
pria, CO Joia nang qua tai ngan han Ion, lam viee ' , , , o dan done CO khi NXB Giao due, 2006
on dinh
[2] Vu Dflc Lap: Dong lflc hoc phanh O to Hoc vien
Chon dpng CO dien 4A112M2Y3 la loai ^ - j ^ ^ j , Q „ „ ^^^ j j j j j j ^oos
dong CO dien khong dong bg ba pha co he s6 triJgt
cao dilgc che kin, co qujt gio va co cac thong so [3), Bao Hoa Viet: Thiet bi dien - dien tfl tren xc Hoc
ky thuat sau: vien Ky thuat Quan su, 2005
Cong suat dong cO: N = 7,5 kW; So vong W- McLoughlin JH, 'Limited slip braking.' Anti-lock quay dinh mile: n^^ = 2922 vong/phlit; Braking Systems for Road Vehicles, IMechE, London,
Hieu dien the: 220 / 380 V; Hieu suat: n = 0,875 " * ^ '
3-KSTLUAN
Bai bao da dat dlloc ket qua sau: [5] Remling j Brakes, New York, 1978
15] Roneld K.Jurgen, Automotive Electronics Hand-book (2nd Edition), 1995
- Tren co s6 mot so loai be thii phanh thUc [7] Rudolf Limpert, Brakes Design and Safety Society
f mo t m h tinh toan thiet ke be thil he thong of Automotive Engineers, Inc Warrendalc, 1999 phanh ABS dilac xay dilng kha day du