Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm đánh giá tính năng của động cơ khi sử dụng phụ gia cho nhiên liệu e10 và d5

NGHIEN ClJU-TRAOD!l NGHIEN CUTU THl/C NGHIEM DANH GIA TINH NANG CUA DONG CQ KHI SUT DUNG PHU GIA CHO NHIEN LIEU ElO VA D5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHARACTERISTIC OF ENGINES RUNNING WITH El

NGHIEN ClJU-TRAOD(!)l

NGHIEN CUTU THl/C NGHIEM DANH GIA TINH NANG CUA DONG CQ KHI SUT DUNG PHU GIA CHO NHIEN LIEU ElO VA D5

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHARACTERISTIC OF ENGINES RUNNING WITH ElO AND D5 BLENDED WITH DEVELOPED RELEVANT ADDITIVES

Ll Danh Quang', Ll Anh TuanS Khdng Vu QuangS Pham Minh Tudn^, Phan Trong Hieu'

'TrUdng Dai hpc Thdnh Dd, -TrUdng Dai hpc Bdch khoa Ha Ndi, ^Vien Dau khi Viet Nam

TOM TAT

Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy nghien cdu thUc nghiem ddnh gid dnh hUdng cua phu gia VPI-D cho hdn hdp nhien lieu gom 95% diesel vd 5% ethanol (ggi Id D5) vd VPI-G cho hdn hdp nhien lieu gdm 90% xdng

vd 10% ethanol (ggi Id ElO) din tinh ndng cua ddng cd Ddy Id nhdng phu gia do Vien Ddu khi thugc Tap dodn Ddu khi Viet Nam phdt triin nhdm trd tan, tqo nhu, tdng khd ndng on dfnh vd ndng cao chdt lUdng cho hdn hdp nhiin lieu D5 vd ElO

• Kit qud nghiin citu thUc nghiim trin ddng cd diesel D243 cho thdy, phu gia VPI-D gidp mdmen

vd cong sudt cua dgng cd tdng trung binh 5,7%, sudt tieu hao nhien lieu gidm 2,5%, cdc thdnh phdn phdt thdi deu gidm so vdi trUdng hdp sU dung nhien lieu khdng pha phu gia Trong qud trinh th^on dinh 100 gid khdng phdt hien dnh hUdng xdu den ddu bdi trdn cdng nhU khdng cd hiin tUdng dgng bdm, tac vdi phun Kit qud thU nghiem tren ddng cd xdng Dayhan dung nhiin lieu ElO vdi phu gia VPI-G cUng cho kit qud tUdng tU Ngodi ra, khdng cd hien tUdng bdm can cdc bon tren cUc bugi

ABSTRACT

This paper presents experimental research on effects of fuel additives VPI-D for the fuel blend of 95% diesel and 5% ethanol (so called D5) and VPI-G for the fuel blend of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol (so called ElO) on engines performance and exhaust emissions These additives were developed by Vietnam Petrolium Institute in order to improve solvent ability, emulsion formation, stability and quality for D5 and ElO

Test results on the D243 diesel engine showed that using D5 blended with the VPI-D additive the engine's torque and power raised averagely 5.7%, specific fuel consumption reduced averagely 2.5% and all the emissions reduced in comparision with the case of pure D5 During lOOh euduvance test no negative influence to lube oil was found, moreover there was neither deposition nor needle jam in the injector Testing ElO blended with VPI-G on the Dayhan 97gasoline engine also gave similar outcomes Besides, carbon sediment on the spark plug was not found

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I

1 DAT VAN DE

Phu gia trong nhiin li|u cd tdc dyng cdi

thien va bo sung cdc tinh chdt cdn thilt ho^ic cdn

thilu cfla nhien li?u gdc nhdm ddm bdo ylu ck\ ky

thudt eung nhfl ehdt Ifldng nhien Ii|u Cd nhilu lo^i

phy gia vdi edng dyng khac nhau nhflng cd thi chia

ra hai nhdm: nhdm phy gia tinh ndng vd nhdm phy

gia tdn trfl bdo qudn

Phy gia tinh nang giflp nhiin li|u ddp flng

dupc day dfl cdc ylu cdu ky thudt ve chdt lUdng khi

sfl dung (vi du; tdng tn sd octan ddi vdi xdng, cdi

thien tri sd xetan ddi vdi nhiin li|u diesel )

Phy gia tdn trfl bdo qydn giup nhien li|u gifl

dupc thdnh phdn va chat lupng on dinh khi ehfla

sfl dung nhfl: phu gia chdng an mdn, phu gia chong

tdch pha, phy gia ehdng oxy hda

Cd nhflng phu gia da chfle ndng vfla ddng

Bang 1: Thanh phan cfla

vai trd giup nhiin li|u gifl dflpc chdt Iflpng on djnh khi t6n trfl, vfla ddng vai trd giup nhien li^u ddp flng dupc ddy du cde ylu cdu cdn thilt khi sfl dyng

Nhien li|u khodng vd nhien lieu sinh hgc dlu phdi ed phu gia Khi phdi trpn nhien lieu khodng vdi nhien li|u sinh hpc ma ethanol Id mOt trUdng hpp phd biln, vai trd cua phy gia cdng dU0c quan tdm nhilu hon

Phy gia eho xang pha ethanol vd phy gia cho diesel pha ethanol ve mat nguyin tac ciing gidng nhu phy gia cho xdng vd diesel khodng Tuy nhiin, do tinh chat ddc thu cua nhiin lieu hdn hpp, trong thdnh phan phu gia sfl dyng cho cdc loai nhiin lieu nay cdn cd sfl thay doi sao eho phu hpp

6 Viet Nam da phdt triln thdnh cdng phu gia [4] mang tin VPI-D dung cho D5 va VPI-G eho E10 gdm cd cdc thanh phdn nlu trong bang L phy gia VPl-D va VPl-G

VPI-D

Thanh phan

2-etyl hexanol

Bis (2-hydroxy etyl) oleyl amin

N-axyl sarcosin

Octylat diphenyl amin

Amin photphat

2-etyl hexyl nitrat

Tyle 50,0%

25,0 % 12,5%

2 , 5 %

2 , 5 % 7,5%

VPI-G

Thanh phan 2-etyl hexanol Bis (2-hydroxy etyl) oleyl amin N-axyl sarcosin

2-(dietyl amino)-etanol Butylat diphenyl amin Amin photphat

Tyle 75,0% 15,0% 4,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% Day la cac phu gia tro tan (hoa tan vJ phan phap d6i chiing v6i cung loai nhien li$u nhung

tan deu ethanol trong diesel va xang), tao nhit, khong c6 phu gia Ngoai ra, thii nghiem on dinh

tang kha nang 6n dinh va nang cao chat lU(Jng cho trong 100 gid duoc tien hanh de danh gia tac dgng D5 va ElO Tfnh nang, tac dung cu the cila cac cila hai phu gia tren den cac tinh nang, phat thai thanh phan neu chi tiet trong [6] va dau boi tron cua dpng co

Nghien cilu nay tap trung danh gia thdc

nghiem anh hudng cila phu gia VPl-D va VPl-G

den tinh nang, phat thai va kha nang van hanh 6n

dinh ciia dgng ca

2.1 Doi tijofng va trang thift hi thuf nghidm

Thil nghiem dupc thi,tc hien tren bang thf

dgng co (ETB) va tren baalg thil TIOID cua Phong

Thi nghiem Dgng cP dot trong, TrUdng Dai itf

Bach khoa Ha Ngi [5] D0ng co diesel 0243 la lo3i dpng CO dung cho may keo do Belarus san xuat Thil nghiem dupc thUc hien theo phuong vdi nhQng thong so ky thuat dupc th? hien trong l.THtfNGHIiM

NGHIEN Cflu-TRAOD6|

bang 2, con dOng co xang Dayhan 97 la dpng cd xe may do Trung Quoc s4n xuat cd cac thong so ky thuJt neu trong bang 3 dUpc dung lam ddi tupng thil nghidm

Bang 2: Th6ng so ca ban cua dpng ca D243

Thdng so

Ky hilu

Kieu ddng co

Dfldng kinh xylanh

Hdnh trinh piston

Ty so nen

Thfl tfl no

Cdng suat dinh mflc/tdc dp

Mdmen cflc dai/tdc dp

Suat tilu hao nhiin lieu

Gid tri/md ta

D243

4 xylanh, khdng tang dp 110mm

125mm 16:1 1-3-4-2 57kW/2200vdng/phut 298Nm/1600vdng/phut 235g/kW.h

Bang 3: Thong so cd

Thdng so

Ky hilu

Kieu ddng ca

Dfldng kinh xylanh

Hanh trinh piston

Ty sd nen

Cdng sudt tdi da/tde dp

Mdmen cUc dai/tde dp

ban ciia dpng cd Dayhan 97

Gid trl/md ta

Dayhan

1 xylanh, khdng tang dp

50 m m 49,5 mm 9:1

N _ „ = 5 , 2 1 kW/7500v/ph

M, ^„=6,03 Nm/5000 v/ph Hinh 2: Dpng cO Dayhan 97 tren bai^ thfl TIOID

2.2 Quy trinh va noi dung thfl nghiem

Ddng CO dflpc cdn chinh va lap ddt tren

bang thfl, hinh 1 vd 2 Quy trinh va che dp thfl

nghiim dflpc phdn thdnh 2 giai doan

Vdi VPI-D cho nhien lieu D5

Giai doan 1; Thfl nghiem ddi chflng d trang

thai ban ddu (tai Ogid) Ddng co D243 dflpc van

hanh 2 gid lan lupt vdi nhien lieu D5 va nhien lieu

D5 cd phy gia VPI-D Cae chi tilu do d^e va so

sdnh gdm edng sudt, mdmen, suat tilu hao nhiin

lieu vd nhiet dp khi thai tren dUdng ddc tinh ngodi

Phat thdi CO, HC, NO^ vd PM dflpc do theo chu

trinh thfl 13 mode ECE R49 cua Chdu Au

Giai doan 2: Chay dn dinh ddng eo vdi

nhiin Ueu D5 cd phy gia VPI-D d che dp lam viec

pho biln 1.800 v/ph, tdi trpng 75% trong thdi gian

100 gid Tai thdi diem 50 gid vd 100 gid, lay dfldng dac tinh ngodi nham xac dinh cdng suat, md men, suat tieu hao nhien lieu va nhiet dp khi thdi Ngodi

ra, tai cdc thdi dilm ndy cdn ldy mau dau bdi tron

de phan tich, ddnh gid can eacbon tren vdi phun

vd ddng thdi do phat thdi theo chu trinh ECE R49 Kit qua do tai cdc thdi diem 50gid va 1 OOgid dflpc dung de so sdnh vdi kit qua do tai thdi diem Ogid

Vdi VPI-G cho nhiin lilu ElO

Giai doan 1: Thfl nghiem doi chflng d trang thai ban dau (tai Ogid) Ddng eo Dayhan dflpc van hdnh 2 gid lan Iflpt vdi nhien lieu E10 va nhien lieu ElO pha phu gia VPI-G d c h l dp 50%

tdi vd 3.500 v/ph nham ddm bdo cho ddng ca hoat

ddng on dinh vdi nhiin lieu da cho rdi thflc hien

lay dac t i n h ddng ca va do phdt thai CO, HC,'^

NGHIEN cflu - TRAO B6\

N0_,, COj tren dUdng dac tinh ngoii

Giai doan 2: Chay 6n dinh dgng co vdi

nhien li^u xang ElO cd pha phv gia VPl-G d ch?

dp lam vi?c pho bi&i 75% tii vi 6.300 v/ph trong

thdi gian 100 gid Tai thdi diem 50 gid vi 100 gid,

thuc hien lay dac tinh va do phit thii CO, HC,

N0_ vi COj tren dudng dac tinh ngoii, ddng thdi

lay mau vi phin tich dau bdi tron, chyp inh, quan

sit vi danh gii mile dp ket cin eacbon tren bugi

3 D A N H GIA K £ T QUA THLf N G H I E M VA

THAO LUAN

3.1 Dinh gii vi tinh nang va phit thai t ^ thili

di£m 0 gid

3.1.1 Bdng cd diesel D243

Td cic kit qui thU nghidm [6] vi mdmen

(Me), cdng suit (Ne), suit tieu hao nhien heu (ge)

va nhi?t dp khi thai (T-Exh) cho thay, khi sil dung D5 pha phM gia VPI-D mdmen vi cdng suit tang trung binh 5,7%, suit tiSu hao nhien lieu giam khoing 2,5%, cdn nhiet dp khi thai tang 6,5% so vdi trUdng hpp sil dyng D5 khdng pha phu gia VPI-D, hinh 3

Hinh 3; Ty le cai thien cac thong so tinh nang va phat thai CLia dgng co D243 khi sU dung nhien lieu D5

pha phu gia VPI-D Cic ket qua do phat thai cung cho thay, khi thai dupe cai thien Dac biet, lupng HC giam khi sU dung nhiSn lieu D5 cd pha phu gia VPl-D manh do chiy tri^t de hon din tdi ndng do oxy cic thinh phan phat thii d«u giam, cu the: CO giim theo va NOx cung giam chu yeu do thdi gian 3,5%; HC 6,6%; NO, 5,5%; CO, 0,86% va PM chaygiam

3,3%, hinh 3

3.1.2 Dgng cd xang Dayhan 97

TU cic ket qui thil nghiem [7] cho tUy, khi dgng cd hoat ddng vdi nhien lieu ElO pha phu gia VPl-G cdng suit cao hon khoing 2% con suSt tieu hao nhien heu thap hon khoing 3,5% so vcfi trudng hpp khdng cd phu gia, hinh 4

Dieu nay cd the ly giai ring, do tac dung

trp tan cua phu gia nen tang khi nang phan tin,

ting do dong nhat trong hda khi va tinh tU chiy

cia nhien lieu dUdc cai thien dan tdi giim thdi

gian chiy khuech tan Vi viy, thdi gian chay dUgc

rut ngan vi qui trinh chay dien ra triet de hon

dan tdi cdng suat tang, suit tieu hao nhien lieu

giim, nhiet dp khi thai tang vi cac thinh phan

TAP CHl CO KHf VIET NAM V SP 6 (Thing 6 nam 2012)

NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO Ddi

^

Hinh 4: Ty 1| cdi thi|n cac thdng s6 tinh nang v^i phdt thdi cua dOng cp khi pha phy gia VPI-G Kit qua trln hinh 4 cung cho thay, phat

thai cfla ddng eO giam khi dung nhien li|u ElO

CO pha phu gia VPI-G Rilng CO^ cd tdng chflt

It (0,4%) do Iflpng CO vd HC chdy kilt hon Cac

thanh phan cdi thien nhfl sau: CO 16%; HC 11,7%

vdN0^28%

TflOng tfl nhfl trln ed the ly gidi rang, do

cd phu gia trp tan n i n khd nang phan tan d l u vd

tao nhu cho nhiin lieu dflpc eai thien nen qua

trinh ehay dflpc triet de hon va rut ngan thdi gian

chay Vl vdy, cdng sudt tang, suat tieu hao nhiin

lieu gidm HC va CO gidm do chdy triet de hon

edn NO^ gidm c h i yeu do thdi gian ehay giam

3.2 Danh gia kit qua thfl nghiim sau 100 gid

chay on dinh

3.2.1 Nhien lieu D5 vdiphugia VPI-D tren dpng

cdD243

Nhfl trln dd trinh bay, khi thfl nghi|m 6n

dinh, tai 50h va lOOh tiln hanh do momen, edng suat, suat tieu hao nhiin lieu, nhiet dp khi xd va phat thai tren ddc tinh ngoai de so sanh vdi thdi diem Oh 16] Tuy nhiin, do khudn khd ban che cua bai bdo nen sau day ehi trinh bdy kit qua thfl nghiem tai thdi diem lOOgid va so sanh vdi kit qud d thdi dilm Oh, hinh 5 Theo dd, cdng suat ddng CO giam khodng 3,6%, suat tilu thy nhien lieu tdng khoang 0,8% nhflng cdc thdnh phan HC, NO,, CO, COj va PM d l u giam

Cd the giai thich nhU sau, do thdi gian chay ngam dfl ddi nen tde ddng eua phu gia

VPI-D d i n viec cai thien chat Iflpng phdt thai eua ddng

CO dflpc tdng cfldng Tuy nhiin, do thdi gian van hdnh dfl dai nen hao mdn cac chi tiet chinh cua dpng eP nhfl piston, xylanh trd n i n ddng ke dnh hudng xau d i n edng suat vd suat tilu hao nhiin lieu Tuy nhien, thay ddi ndy rdt nhd nhfl dd trinh bdy d tren va vdy Id phfl hpp vdi qui luat suy giam

theo thdi gian van hanh eua ddng ca

Hinh 5: Ty le cai thien cac tiidng sd tinh nang va phdt thai sau lOOh chay on dinh vdi phu gia VPI-D

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D(!)l

Mau dau bdi trOn dpng co diesel tai thdi diem Ogid, 50gid vd 1 OOgid da dflpc phdn tichjfieiii tra chat Iflpng t^i Phdng thfl nghi|m Hda chat vd Vdt li|u, Trung tam Phy gia Dau md, Vi|n Hda hgc Cdng nghiip Viet Nam Kit qud cho thay, anh hfldng cua nhiin lieu D5 khi cd phu gia VPI-D den chJt

Iflpng cua dau bdi trPn dpng ca Id phu hpp vdi qui ludt vd ndm trong gidi h?n eho phep [4]

Khi kit thuc 50gid vd lOOgid eh^y 6n djnh, vdi phun dflpc thdo ra chyp dnh, hinh 6, canvfti phun vd kilm tra 16 phun d l ddnh gid mfle dd kit can eacbon trln vdi phun Tfl kit qud cdn do vd d ^ p anh quan sdt cd t h i kit lu?ln rdng h i | n tflpng kit c?in eacbon t r l n vdi phun Id khdng ddng kl Dilu d6

Id do phu gia VPI-D, d?e bi|t Id thdnh phan amin photphat, cd tde dung tdy rfla vd phdn tan cdc can,

mupi bam vao vdi phun (eung nhfl piston, Yiipap v^ hiidn^ ddt rfla d^ng cd)

Hinh 6 : Hinh anh kit can eacbon tren vol phun dpng co D243 khi dpng cO ehay nhien Ueu D5

CO phu gia sau 50 gid va 100 gid

3.2.2 Nhien lieu ElOphaphugia VPI-G tren dpngcdDayhan 97

Sau thdi gian lOOh ehay b i n d e h i dp 75% tai vdi nhiin Ueu ElO cd pha phu gia VPl-G, cac thdng sd cdng suat, suat tieu hao nhien lieu va mflc phdt thdi dflpc cdi thien, rilng NOx cd tdng khong ddng ke, hinh 7

Dilu ndy ed t h i dflpc giai thich tUPng tU nhu tren rang, thdi gian chay ngdm du ddi thi tdc d^ng eua phy gia VPI-G den viec cai thien chat lUpng phdt thai cfla ddng co edng phdt huy tdc dung Tuy nhiin trong trfldng hpp ddng cP Dayhan 97 dnh hfldng tich cflc cua phy gia manh hon anh hfldng xau

do mdn n i n ge, Ne eiing dUpc cdi thien

05

-2-1

MP Be

- —

-5

s* to

• v

-20 -25

-CO

Hinh 7: Ty le cil thien cac thong s6 tinh nang va phat thai ciia dpng ca Dayhan 97

sau lOOh chay dn dinh vdi EIQ pha phu gia VPI-G

NGHIEN Cflu TRAO Dpi

Hinh 8: Hinh dnh kit can eacbon trdn bugi

Idii dpng CO Dayhan 97 chay nhien li?u ElO

CO phu gia sau SOgid vk lOOgid

Kit qua phdn tich dau bdi tron cua cd hai ddng co thfl nghiem cho thay khdng cd anh hudng bat thUdng d i n ehdt lUpng cua dau bdi trOn khi nhien lieu co pha phu gia

Tuy nhiin, day mdi chi la nhflng kit qua nghiin cflu bflde dau De cd t h i pho biln sfl dyng cdc phy gia ndy tren thfle t l , can thiet phdi thfl nghiem ben ddi ldy hon dong thdi md rdng doi vdi nhilu loai dpng ep khae vd cudi cung cdn phai

thfl nghiem dpng eo trln thflc t l hien trfldng • Ngfldi phan biln: TS Tran Thi Thu Huong

Tfl kit qua chyp dnh vd quan sdt, hinh 8,

cho thay khdng cd hien tflpng kit can eacbon trln Tai lilu tham khao:

bugi khi sfl dyng nhien lieu ElO ed phy gia Dilu

nay la do phu gia, ddc bilt la thanh phan amin

photphat, cd tdc dung tay rfla va phdn tdn ede can,

mudi bdm vdo bugi (eung nhU piston, xupap vd

budng ddt eua ddng co)

Mau dau bdi tron ddng ca tai thdi diem

Ogid, sau 50gid va lOOgid da dUpc phdn tich kilm

tra chat lUpng, kit qua eho thay, anh hUdng eua

nhiin lieu ElO khi ed phu gia d i n ehdt Iflpng eua

dau bdi tron dpng eo Id phu hpp vdi qui ludt vd

nam trdng gidi han eho phep [4]

4 KET L U A N V A HtfCfNG P H A T TRIEN

Vdi phu gia VPI-D, qud trinh chdy cua

ddng CO dflpc cdi thien, nhiin lieu dflpc dot chay

hodn todn hon Cdc thanh phan phdt thdi gidm so

vdi trfldng hpp nhien lieu khdng cd phu gia tai

thdi diem Oh va tilp tyc gidm sau khi chay ngdm

lOOh Hien tflpng kit can eacbon t r l n vdi phun

xay ra khdng dang ke sau khi ehay 50h va lOOh

Vdi phu gia VPI-G, cung eho kit qua

tUOng tU: phat thai gidm, kit can eacbon t r l n bugi

kh6ng xdy ra Ngodi ra, do dnh hfldng tich cflc cua

phy gia chiim Uu t h i so vdi anh hfldng cua hao

mdn n i n cdn cdi thiin dUpc mdt chut v l cdng suat

tang va suat tilu hao n h i i n lieu

[1] The Role of Additives for Diesel and Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels: A Review Energy & Fuels

2007, 21, 2433-2445

[2] Kieu Dinh Kiem Cac san pham Dau m6 va Hoa dau NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi, 2005 [3] Dinh Thi Ngo, Nguyin Khanh Dieu Hong Nhien lieu sach va cac qua trinh xfl Iy trong hoa ddu NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi, 2008

[4], Tran Van Toai Nghien cflu Ifla chpn cac chat phu gia pha tron nhien lieu sinh hpc vdi nhien lieu gdc khoang nham dam bao yeu cau ve chat Iflpng nhien lieu trong qua trinh bao quan va sfl dung, dong thdi dam bao tinh an toan moi trUdng cua nhien lieu, De tai cap Nganh dau Idii 2010

[51 http://icelab.hut.edu.vn/: Trang Web cua Phdng Thi nghiem Dpng cO dot trong, TrUdng Dai hpc Bach idioa Ha Noi

[6] Le Danh Quang, Pham Minh Tudn, U Anh Tudn,

Khong Vu Quang, Nghien cflu thflc nghiem anh hudng cua phu gia cho nhien lieu disohol D5 din tinh nang va phat thai cua ddng cO Tap chi Co Idii Viet Nam so ra dgic biet thang 10 nam 2011 chao mflng Hpi nghi Co khi Dpng lflc lan 416 chfle t?i Trfldng Dai hpc Bach idioa Ha Npi va Ky niem 55 nam ngay thanh lap Trfldng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npi

[7] Khong Vu Quang, Le Anh Tuan, Pham Minh Tuan, Le Danh Quang, Tran Van Toai

Experimental study of the effect of gasohol fuel with and without additive on performance and emissions

of spark ignition The 5th South East Asian Technical University Consortium (SEATUC) Symposium