Nghiên cứu chuyển động tạo hình bề mặt, lập phương trình tính toán đường cong lưỡi cắt kéo mổ đầu cong dùng trong y tế áp dụng với mổ moayo 160, đầu cong, mũi nhọn

NGHigN Cflu - TRAO 0!l NGHieN CU-U CHUYEN BONG TAO HiNH Bt MAT, LAP PHU-QNG TRiNH TfNH TOAN Ol/dNG CONG LU-Ol CAT K^O M 6 D A U CONG DUNG TRONG Y Tt AP DUNG V&r KfiO M 6 MOAYO 160, OAU

NGHigN Cflu - TRAO 0(!)l

NGHieN CU-U CHUYEN BONG TAO HiNH Bt MAT, LAP PHU-QNG TRiNH TfNH TOAN

Ol/dNG CONG LU-Ol CAT K^O M 6 D A U CONG DUNG TRONG Y Tt AP DUNG V&r

KfiO M 6 MOAYO 160, OAU CONG, MUI NHON/tCl

'Binh Tiln Long, 'LI Vdn Thdm

'Trfldng Dji hpc Bdeh khoa Hd Ndi 'Trfldng Cao ddng n g h i Ky thudt Cdng n g h |

T6M TAT

Hien nay, keo mo dgng ddu cong dung dephdu thudt d cdc benh viin trong nUdc hdu het dadc

nhdp ngoai, gia thdnh rat cao Mac du trong nUdc cdng cd mgt sg cd sd sdn xudt loai keo ndy nhUng chat

luting so vdi keo dUdc nhap ngoai con mgt khodng cdch khd xa, khodng cdch do tap trung d chdt lUdng

last cat

Vi keo mo ddu cong la loai chi tiet cdhinh dang, ket cdu lUdi cat tUdng doi phiic tap, lUdi cdt cong

3 chieu Sau khi dap cong, nhiet luyen, tdi nguyen cong mdi tinh ladi cdt, cdc cd sd sdn xudt thadngsa

dung mdi bdng tay tren mdy mdi 2 dd Dieu ndy lam cho lUdi cdt cong khong deu, khong trdn, goc do cdt

khdng on dinh Khi 1dm viec, 2 lUdi cdt khong tiep xuc nhau theo diim, keo bi nhay gdy kho khdn cho bdc

si khi mo, nhdt Id khi cdc dudng cdt yeu cdu phdi chinh xdc

De tao ra ladi cdt co bien dgng vd goc do chinh xdc, ddp Ung cdc yeu cdu ky thudt ngdy cdng cao

cua keo moy tl", ta phdi diing phUdng phdp mdi tren mdy mdi sdc, cd dieu khiin vdi sii trd giup cita dogd

dethay the phUdng phdp mdi tao hinh lUdi cdt bdng tay hien nay Muon vay ta cdn:

- Xdc dinh dugc cdc chuyen dgng tao hinh be mat di tao nen lUdi cdt;

- Thiet lap dUdc phUdng trinh be mat vd phUdng trinh dadng cong lUdi cdt;

- Xdc dinh dUdc tga dd cua cdc diem thugc ladi cdt

Do Id cd sd lif thuyet md bai bdo ndy lam sdng to, giup cho vile thiet kecdc chuyen ddng thiet ke

dogd vd lap trinh dieu khiSn trin mdy CNC hoac Robot de tao ra lUdi cdt cd bien dgng vd goc do chinh

xdc, ddp Ung cdc yeu cdu ky thudt ngdy cdng cao cita keo moy tShien nay vd trong tUdng lai (Phdn thiet

ki khong de cap trong bdi bdo ndy)

Bdi bdo dd tien hdnh tinh todn vd ve mo phong bien dgng ladi cdt doi vdi kio moMoayo 160 ddu

cong mm nhgn/tit Phuang phdp tinh todn vd ve mo phong cd thS dp ditng dUdc vdi cdc loai kio mo ddu

cong hoac sdn pham cd ket cdu tUdng tii

Tit khda: Keo mo dau cong, Tao hinh long mo, DUdng cong ladi cdt "*

NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO 0(!)l

ABSTRACT

Currently, the operating scissors the curved head use surgical in the hospital in the country,

mostly imported, prices arc very high Although there are some domestic manufacturing base have been

producing this scissors , but quality is compared with Scissors is also imported a considerable distance,

that focusing on quality blade

Since the operating scissors the curved head is the detailed have shapes and structures blade is relatively complex, three-dimensional curved blade After scissors curved, thermal treatment, to work

stage the blade grinding fine, the production facilities used by hand grinding on grinding stone 2 This makes the blades are not bent, not slippery, unstable angle cut When working two adjacent blades are

not in point, jump blades , it difficult for the doctors during surgery, especially when the road cut to exact requirements

To create a contour and blad^ angle accuracy to respond to the technical requirements higher quality of the operating scissors health, we must use the method of grinding on grinding, controlled with the help of the map fixtures to replace the imaging method of sharpening the blade by hand today For this we need:

- Determining the movements shaping the surface to create cutting edge;

- Set up the equation the surface, as well as of the blade curve;

- Determine the coordinates of the point of the blade

That is the theoretical basis this press article clarityed, allowing the design of motion, design

fixtures and control programming on CNC machines or robots to create a cutting edge and angle ac-curacy to respond to the technical requirements of the operating scissors increasing the current health

and future (Ihe design is not mentioned in this article)

The article has conducted simulations to calculate and draw the blade contour for operating

scissors Moayo curved head 160 and spearhead /blunt Method of calculation and simulation can be

applied with the curved.head surgical scissors or products of similar structure

Keywords: scissors curved head, make the heart mo, curve blade

NGHIEN CtfU TRAO DOI

I.DATVANDE

Cdc loai keo md ddu cpng deu cd hinh

ddng ket cau rdt phflc tap vd chia thdnh 3 phan:

Phan dau, phdn mang vd phan chdn keo, xem

hmh 1 vd 2

I'-gJ Phdn d ^ 1

;j I Phan mang

r-\V- ~) Phan ehan I

-J J

Hinh 1; Keo cat mong mdt dau cong mui nhon/nhgn

Hinii 2: Keo mo Moayo dju cong miii iihon/tu

Phan dau Id phan quan trong nhat cua keo

^^ d dd ed Ifldi cat, Ifldi eat cong 3 chieu, xem hinh

3 Trong hinh 3 ta lay mat phang di qua mang keo

va tdm chdt keo Idm he tpa dp tuyet ddi Oxyz

Ph^n mui keo ve irSi (mOi til)

Y

Phin mui keo v4 p (mOiniipn)

Hinh 3; Cau tao phan dau keo

L

n

Hinh 4; Cdu tao phan dau keo trong mJit phdng XOY

Ddi vdi keo ludn cd 2 Ifldi cat phai vd Ifldi

- Lfldi cat phai la Ifldi eat ndm d ben phdi dpc trfldc mat (dau keo hfldng Ien tren), phan cong quay Ien tren Trong cac cdng thflc tinh todn

cd them chfl R vdo chi sd

" Lfldi cat trai Id Ifldi eat nam d ben trai dgc trfldc mat (dau keo hfldng Ien tren), phan cong quay Ien tren Trong eac cdng thflc tinh todn

cd them chfl L vao chi sd

Cdc gdc gdc dp cua lfldi cat gom gdc trfldc

y vd gdc sau a nam trong tiet dien cat chinh dfldc

ehi ra tai hinh 4, hinh 5

Theo hinh 4 Hinh chieu dfldng cong eua lfldi eat tren mat phdng Oxy la mpt phdn dfldng trdn ed ban kinh R^.^^ hoac R^.^^ (Ve trai/ve phdi) Theo hinh 5, Long mo lfldi eat thudc mat phang Oxz Id mdt phan dxidng trdn ed ban kinh R^; Mat khac dau keo lai dflpc udn cong trong mat phang Oyz vdi ban kinh cong R^^, R^^j^ Nhfl vdy long mo cua lfldi keo la mdt phan eua mat xuyen ( ban kinh vdng xuyen R^, Bdn kinh mat xuyen R^) Nhfl vay, phan dau keo cd cdu tao rat phfle tap Bi^n dang lfldi cat chinh la giao tuyen eua 1 • phan m^t tru ed day la hinh chieu eua dfldng cong Ifldi eat trong mat p h a n g Oxy vdi mat x u y e n ' ^

NGHIEN cflu - TRAO D(il

cd ban kinh xuyen R^ vd bdn kinh R_^^ Vi vay, de

xdc dinh dflpc bien dang lfldi cdt, ta can xdc dinh

dflpc;

Long mo

3

d-Hinh 5: Long mo lfldi keo

- Cae chuyen ddng tao hinh nham tao nen

be mat Idng mo vd mat ben eua lfldi cat

Phflpng trinh be mat Idng mo vd he

phflpng trinh xdc dinh giao tuyen tao nen dfldng

cong cua Ifldi cat

- Gidi he phflpng trinh, xdc dinh tpa dp cua

cdc di^m thudc dfldng cong lfldi cat va ve dfldng

cong Ifldi eat dp dung ddi vdi keo md Moayo 160

dau cong mui nhpn/tu

2 XAC DINH CAC CHUYEN DONG TAO

HINH BE MAT LONG M O VA CHUYEN

DONG TAO NEN BE MAT TRUCfC DE TAO

NEN BIEN DANG L U O I CAT CUA CAC LOAI

KEO MO DAU CONG

Theo nguyen Iy tao hinh, de tao hinh

Idng mo Ifldi cat (Be mat C) ta can cho phan be

mat C cua chi tiet chuyen ddng quay trdn quanh

mdt tdm ed dinh O^ cd bdn kinh quay bang bdn

kinh (R_) cua phan cong lfldi cdt trong mat phdng

Ojy|Z| Dung cu ed chuyen ddng quay trdn quanh

true eua nd va true dting cu gifl nguyen vi tri True

dung cu song song vdi triic Oy va ndm trong mat

phang vudng gdc vdi mat phang Oxz

Hinh 6: Be m?t Idng mo C ciia chi tiet; Dfldng die tinh E va mat khdi thuy K cua dung cu Trong trfldng hpp nay, tap hpp cua ho dfldng cong C cua chi ti^t chinh Id mot hinh xuyen cd ban kinh cua vdng xuyen Rm bang ban kinh cua Idng mo Ifldi keo, ban kinh eua xuyen

RX (tinh tfl tdm xuyen den 1 diem nam tren be mat xuyen) la ban kinh cong cua dau keo trong mat phang song song vdi mat phdng Oyz Mat khdi thuy K eiia dung cu va mat C (long mo) eua ehi tiet trong qua trinh tao hinh ludn tiep xuc vdi nhau theo dfldng Dfldng nay chinh la dfldng dae tinh E cfla dung cu Dfldng dac tinh E chinh la mdt phan dfldng trdn cd ban kinh bdng ban kinh long mo Rm cua chi tiet Phflpng trinh eua be mat xuyen (be mat Idng mo) dflpc viet nhfl sau:

f ( x - x J ^ + ( z - z J ^ = Rm^ (1)

(2)

Trpng dd:

Khi dd, be mdt C (Idng mp) cua chi tilt se "R_, z^^, y^^^ Ian Iflpt la bdn kinh cong tap ra mdt hp b l mat BI mat khdi thuy K ludn (khpang cdch tfl true tdm vdng xuyen tdi be mat tilp tuyen vdi vdi hp be mat C trpng qud trinh I d n g m p , Dp vudng gdc vdi true Ox vd tpa dp cua chuyen ddng, nghia Id tiep tuyen vdi hp b l mat C tdm vdng xuyen trpng mat phang Ozy." cfla chi tiet trpng qud trinh chuyen dpng tap hinh

(chuyen ddng tflong ddi so vdi dung cu) R^, x^, y„,„ Ian Iflpt Id bdn kinh cong va

NGHIEN Cflu-TRAODOI

tpa dp cua tam dfldng trdn Idng mo (mat xuyen song song vdi true Oy Chi ti^t ed chuyen ddng trong mat phang Ozx) quay quanh true Ox

De tao ra be mat Idng mo cua phan dau SP dd mdi Idng mo Ifldi keo dflpc chi ra cua Keo, ta dung dung cu la da dia hoac dd cdn tren hinh ve 7, sfl dd Dd gd mai Idng mo dflpc ehi

cd bdn kinh tflpng dflpng bang ban kinh cua long ra tren hinh ve 8

mo Rm Da cd chuyen ddng quay trdn quanh true

XJDSi

! » - P ,

Hinh 7: So do mai he mill long mo C ciia lUdi kto

Hinh 8: Dd ga mai be mat long mo C ciia lfldi keo

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D 6 |

De tao nen mat trfldc cua Ifldi k^o, ta cho

chi tiet chuyen dpng theo qui luat cua dfldng

cong lfldi cat vd mat dau cua dd hpp vdi mat ddy

1 gdc y

Van de Id tim phflpng trinh xdc dinh

dfldng cong lfldi cdt vdi tpa dd cdc di6m x,y,z

3 H £ P H U O N G T R I N H X A C D I N H B I £ N

DANG L U O I CAT ciiA K £ O M 6 DAU C O N G

Lfldi cdt Id giao eua be mat Idng mo

(mdt phan cua mat xuyen) dflpc xdc dinh bdi he

phflpng trinh (I) vd (2) vdi 1 phan be mat tru cd

day (Hinh chi^u cua lfldi cdt tren mat phdng Oxy)

ed phflpng trinh (3)

hX„ = R^cosp-X„, = R^cosp-R^cos|5c (5

^Y„ = R,sinP-(|y,J-^y„) (6

Ddi vdi ve trdi: (x -x^,^)^ + (y+ y^^^)^ = R^^ ^ (3)

Trong dd: x^^, y^^^, R^ Ian Iflpt Id tpa dp tdm

vd bdn kinh cong eua dfldng trdn la hinh chieu

cua Ifldi cat (chinh Id day eua mat tru) tren m^t

phang Oxy

Nhfl vdy, ta cd he phflpng trinh (4):

Hinh 9: Set dd tinh toan dfldng cong lfldi cdt Gidng YM Ien tren hinh ve thupc mat phang Oyz ta cd quan h?:

(x-xJ'-t{z-zJ' = K'

(y-yoJ' + (z-\f = K' (4)

(x -x„)' -1- (y+ y„,)' = R^ '

De gidi he phflpng trinh tren, ta chuyin

sang he tpa dp c\ic Hdy quan sdt hinh ve 9

Trpng mat phang Oxy ta cd:

Hinh chieu cua dfldng cong lfldi kep Id

mpt phan cua cung trdn (Dfldng dd dam) cd bdn

kinh R^, cd tdm (x„j, y,,):

- Bat dau tfl diem cd tpa dp (x,,, y^) tflong

flng vdi (R^,P„)

- Kit thuc tai diem cd tpa dd (x , y ) tflong

flng vdi (R^,p; ' '

Vdi 1 dilm M bat ky thudc dfldng cpng

tren ta cd;

Z„=Rx-^Rl-y;,

Z« =fo-./R [R,,sinp-(|>.„ l + y j ] m

Nhfl vdy, ta cd he phflpng trinh xdc dinh dfldng cpng lfldi cdt (8)

Y„ = RcSinP-(|y„.Ky,)

X „ = R,cpsP-x,, (8)

' , = 1 ' - VR-;-lRcsin|i-(K, l + y.)]' Trpng HI phflpng trinh (8) vdi cdc gia tri R( chp trfldc thi tpa dp cua dfldng cong lfldi cat phu thupc 2 tham sd Rx vd gdc p Gidi he phflpng trinh tren vdi cdc dilu kiln biln, ta se dflpc tpa dO cac diem thudc dfldng cong tflpng flng

4 GLAI HE PHUONG TRlNH XAC DINH TQA

DO c A c D I £ M T H U O C B I £ N D ^ G Llffll CAT CUA K £ O M 6 M O A Y O 160, DAU CONG

MUI NHON/TU

NGHIEN c a u TRAO D6\

Kep md Mpayo 160, dau cong mui nhpn/tfl la 1 Ipai kep mp dau cpng cd vl phai nhpn, ve trai

til Ap dung he phflpng trinh (8), ta cd cdc he phflpng trinh xdc dinh tpa dp cua lfldi kep

4.1 Vl trdi

He phflpng trinh xdc dinh dfldng cpng lfldi cat dfloc viet nhfl he phflpng trinh

(9)-K = \i.^°f-\,, (9)

Z„ = R.„ -^Rk-[R<LSinP-(l.v,,, |+y,J]=

Gidi he vdi cdc gia tri biln chp theo bdng 1

Cac thoDg so

G o c p

Gia tri R;;

Gia tri X

Gia tri V

Gia tri z

Toa do tam O;

Tai diem bdt dau ( diem 0)

Kv hieu

P;.L

RK;.L

X J L

V J L ZOL

x ; r

V J :

Gia tri

5.404=

5794

4 4 -: 4 - i -:

0 543.09 -I'j.as

Tai diem bat cuoi ( diem c)

Kv hieu Gia tri

P-L 9.092=

R s i 5S V,L 0 y;L

Z:L 59.54 11.S5

Ban kinh cong R^^^^ = 550; Bdn kinh cong R^j^ = 175

Khi cho Rx vd p thay ddi va sfl dung phan mem phu hop ta xac dinh dflpc tpa dp cdc diem (11

diem) cua Ifldi cat ve trdi nhfl bdng 2

Bang 2

S T T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

P=

5.4040

5.772S

6.1416

6.5104

6.8792

7.24S0

7.6168

7.9856

8.3544

8.7232

9.0920

Xx,

- 4 4 6 5 4 6 5 6 9 7 5 0 2 6 2

- 4 1 2 0 ~ 1 4 ] 2 2 0 0 " 3 7

- 3 7 5 3 2 9 0 5 5 5 9 2 7 7 2

- 3 3 6 3 2 1 0 2 2 2 3 2 7 ^ 8

- 2 9 5 0 4 8 9 2 8 2 9 8 4 4 5

- 2 5 1 5 1 4 4 S 3 7 ~ 1 9 0 J

- 2 0 5 7 1 9 4 9 2 3 6 8 7 ; 8

- 1 5 7 6 6 5 S 5 1 4 6 3 4 3 ;

- 1 0 7 3 5 5 5 5 2 0 1 0 5 6 3

- 0 5 4 7 9 0 6 7 8 4 6 2 4 1 6

0 0 0 0 2 6 5 9 1 3 1 7 3 2 ~ 9

V M

2 4 4 1 7 7 9 9 0 3 4 2 3 4 8

2 7 9 4 1 1 9 2 5 9 4 5 4 : 0

3 1 - 4 6 2 2 9 4 0 9 1 6 2 3 9

3 4 9 S 0 9 5 ~ 6 3 9 4 ' ; ~

3 8 4 9 ~ 0 3 - 4 5 3 1 1 3 3 42.0103S~S5459SS

4 5 - 5 2 0 S 6 3 2 ~ 9 0 7 9 2

4 9 - 0 2 8 3 1 8 2 8 0 8 1 7 1

5 2 5 3 2 6 0 7 5 3 9 2 1 7 2

5 6 - 0 3 3 5 8 5 8 6 4 8 4 6 9

5 9 - 5 3 1 1 0 8 2 0 5 4 5 2 0

Z M

0-000000041~6077 0-10699594285327 0-42921059362802

0 9 6 9 9 0 9 1 9 6 9 3 2 6 1

1 - 3 4 9 6 8 7 8 1 2 9 2 3 7

2 7 3 3 2 4 4 3 2 7 : 3 3 9 8

3 9 7 7 1 6 0 2 6 2 1 7 4 9 3

5 4 8 3 6 2 1 1 5 2 8 9 0 2 1

7 2 7 5 4 2 1 5 7 0 2 5 6 4 6

9 3 8 3 4 6 1 9 2 0 0 5 6 6 1

1 1 8 5 0 3 7 3 3 9 5 0 3 : 5

NGHIEN cflu - TRAO DOI

Sfl dung phdn mem phu hpp ta ve dflpc dfldng cpng lfldi cdt ve trdi trong khdng gian, xem hinh 10

Hinh 10: Hinh ve dfldng cong lfldi cdt ve trdi

trong khong gian

4.2 VI phai

He phflong trinh xdc dinh dfldng cong lfldi cat dflpc viet nhfl sau:

Yv = RcRsinP-(|yJ+y„)

Z„ = « „ - ^ R = , - [ R „ s i n p - ( | v „ „ | + y , ) r

Giai he vdi cac gid tri bien cho theo bang 3

Bang 3

(10)

Cac thong so

Gocp

Gii tti R,;

Gia tri x

Gia tri \'

Gia tri z

Tga dp tam 0 ;

Tai diem bat dau

(diem 0)

Kv hieu

P:.R RKOR x:.R ysR ZjR X;,:R

>":';R

G i a ti"i

.\469-' 61.94 4.54 23-24

0 -542-96 -2"-3S

Tai diem bat cuoi (diem c)

Kv hieu

P:R

R,:;R X;R V;R Z:R

Gia tri

9-1794°

62

0 5S-54 11.03

NGHIEN Cflu TRAO B6|

Ban kinh cong \^ = 550; Ban kinh cong \ | , = 175

Khi cho R^ vd p thay ddi vd sfl dung phdn mem phi hpp ta xdc dinh dflpc tpa dp cdc diem (11 diem) cua lfldi cat ve phdi nhfl bang 4

Bang 4 STT

1

1

3

4

5

6

8

9

10

11

P=

5.4690

5-S.'9S

6 2106

6-5S14

6.9522

7.3230

7.693S

S.0646

S.4354

S-S062

9-1770

X M 4-536350616S5065

4-1S564902516459

3-S1203160197219

3.41551399530760

2.99611251232239

2.5J3S4561S58954

2.0S873093736792

1.6007SS24SS2634

1.0900379S922S10

0.55650155007435

0.00020127720S93

Y M 23.23894754027SS6 26.7S104674531466 30-32080216141525 33-85806553474941

37 39268871585894 40-92452366586356 44-45342246266100 47-97923730712252 51-50182052928304 55-02102459452583 58-53670210976188

Z M 0-00000000S941491 0-101292029572200 0-4059S026SS19192 0-916616920160081 1-637S97041894050 2-576915194515188 3-743575325934870 5-151212028497461 6-817521985299102 8-765976255715223 11-02801926376873

hinh 11

Sfl dung phdn mim phfl hpp ta ve dflPc dfldng cong lfldi cdt ve trdi trpng khdng gian , xem

Hinh 11: Hinh bieu dien dfldng cong ludi cat vl phdi trong khong gian

NGHIEN cflu - TRAO DPi

5 KET LUAN

Cdc loai keo md dau cong Id loai chi tilt cd hinh dang, kit cdu lfldi cdt tflpng ddi phflc tap Bang

ly thuylt, chung ta hpdn tpdn cd the:

- Xdc dinh dflpc cdc chuyen dpng tap hinh be mji d l tao n i n lfldi cdt;

- Thiet lap dflpc phflpng trinh b l mat cflng nhfl phflong trinh dfldng cpng lfldi cdt;

- Xdc djnh dflpc tpa dp cua cdc diem thudc lfldi cdt

Bdi bdp dd ke thfla ly thuyet tap hinh b l mat ndi chung, van dpng vd phdt trien vdp trpng linh vflc y te, tap ra cp sd ly thuylt d l thilt ke cdc chuyin dpng, thilt ke dd gd vd lap trinh dilu khiln tren mdy (ehfla cd tien 1| d Viet Nam), nham thay t h i phflpng phdp tap hinh lfldi cdt bdng tay trfldc day de tap ra lfldi cat cd bien dang vd gdc dp chinh xac, dap flng cdc yiu cdu ky thudt ngdy cdng cao cua keo

md y t l hien nay vd trpng tflpng lai

Bai bdo dd dfla ra vi du tinh todn ddi vdi keo md Moayo 160 ddu cong, mui nhpn/tu Phflong phap ly ludn va tinh todn hoan toan mdi, cd the dflpc dp dung vdi cdc Ip?i kep md hoac sdn pham cd kit cdu tflong tfl Tuy nhien, trong thflc te cdc kich thflde Rx , Rm , RC dflpc thay dpi trpng 1 khoang nhat dinh, dilu dd cdng 1dm tdng them tinh chat phflc tap cua bien dang lfldi cdt vd can dflpc tiep tvc

nghien cflu •

Tai lilu tham khao:

[1] N.E Kotsin: Phep tinh vec to md dau phep tinh Ten xa NXB Khoa hpc vd Ky thudt,1976

12] GS-TSKH Banh Tien Long, PGS-TS Trdn The Luc, Ths Nguyen Chi Quang: Cong nghe tao hinh cac be mat dung cu cdng nghiep NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thudt Ha Npi, 2000

[3] PCS, PTS Nguyen Die Lpc - PCS, PTS Le Van Tie'n: Cdng ngh| che tao may NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thudt,1978

[4] Banh Tien Long: Ly thuyet tao hinh be mat thflc doi dpng hpc dyng cy cdt- chi tilt Luan dn tien sy khoa hpc ky thudt, Praha,1991

(5] Banh Tien Long, Tran The Luc, Tran Sy Tuy Nguyen ly gia cdng vat li|u NXB Khoa hpc vd Ky thudt, 2001 [6] Litvin - Ph.L Teoriia rubtratyx zacepplenii 1978

[7] Palei M.M Tekhnologia Proizvodstva Rejusevo Inxtrumenta Moxkva - 1963

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[II] Trang Web tham khao: http://www Ihemedica.com/ Medical Instruments /dental- instruments