Nghiên cứu, lựa chọn phương án dẫn động quạt làm mát trên các đầu máy diesel

LDAT VAN D E -Din ddng quat lam mat phai tao ra ap suat va luu lugng dii dd mang di hdt nhiet lugng ma ket lam mat tda ra va thing dugc tdng sue can thiiy lye trong eac phan eiia he thdn

NGHIEN Ciru, LlTA CHON PHU^ONG A N DAN DONG

QUAT LAM MAT TREN CAc D A U MAY DIESEL

PGS TS NGUYEN VAN CHUYEN

KS PHAM HUY KHUONG

Bd mdn Ddu mdy - Toa xe Khoa Cff khi

Trudng Dgl hgc Giao thdng Van till

Tom tat:i-iiQfi y^y (.^Q ^^H f,-,^ ^{/a yj^i f4am sie dung rdt nhiiu loai ddn ddng quat ldm

mdt Di Ilea chgn vd kiin nghi sit dung phuang dn ddn dgng qugt hap ly, thdng nhdt, bdi bdo

dua ra cdc phdn tich vd kiin nghi giiip cho viic sie dyng vd van dung dugc di ddng, tiin lai,

ndng cao hiiu qud ldm mdt cho ddu mdy

Summary: [\fowadays, there are several kinds of cooling fans which are in use in

locomotives in Vietnam To select and propose a reasonable method of driving cooling fans of

locomotives, the article presents analysis and recommendations in order to easily operate and

effectively enhance the use of cooling fans in locomotives

LDAT VAN D E

-Din ddng quat lam mat phai tao ra ap suat va luu lugng dii dd mang di hdt nhiet lugng ma

ket lam mat tda ra va thing dugc tdng sue can thiiy lye trong eac phan eiia he thdng lam mat

Nhu vay, ngoai kdt ciu eiia quat lam mat dd tao dugc ap suat va luu lugng tdi uu, quat phai cd

kha nan<^ ty ddng thay ddi sd vdng quay Do vay, can phai cd mdt eo' cau dan ddng quat dac bidt

didu khien luu lugng va ap suit eiia quat

1 Tdng sue can ciia quat i;

H = he + hu + ha, + hj [KG/m']

Troni' do: h^ la siic can ciia cira chdp ben canh:

v , u : 2g - 9 i Vdi: cpi - he sd, khi cira chdp md hoan toan ipi = 1, khi khep lai cpi >1; V| - the tich rieng

t?iplif|dlOAHQCGIAOTHONG^NTAT- S631.09/2010 13

, , , , , , RT, 29,3(273 + 40)

cua khong khi ty nhien v, =—L = 7—— ^ = 0,888[m'/kg]; u, - luu luong ciia khdng

Pi 10330 khi tru'dc khi di qua ngan lam mat [kg/m s]

u = - JJi u • CO* la didn tich mat ngan lam mat

COo

= C ,.I.7S

- hu la sire can ciia ket lam mat: h,^ = A P^ = E u

- h|ii, la sire can eiia khoang lam mat do sy chuydn hudng ciia ddng khdng khi, do gap

V , U2

nhiTng chd xoay, do su thay ddi tidt didn khi vao quat: h|^|^ = - ^ — 9 ,

2g Vdi :(p2 - he sd sire can ciia khoang 92 = 0,7; V2 - the tich ridng ciia khdng khi khi di vao quat

R T 29,3 (273+ t , )

v , = ^^ = ^5^ - ^ [mVkg]

P3 1 0 3 3 0 - h , - K - h , „

UT la luu lugng eiia khdng khi d chd bj canh quat hiit vao

G G,

11, =

3600 F

3600 ^ - ( D ^ d ^

[kg/m-s]

• Du: la dudng kinh ngoai eiia bdVanh quat; Db: la dudng kinh loi quat; G^: la trong lugng ciia khdng khi d chd canh quat hiit vao

- hj la ap suat ddng ciia quat:

h„ V, u ;

Khi tinh toan sa bd ed thd lay H = (2,4 + 2,8) h^

2 Luu luong can thiet cua quat lam may

Luu lugng can thidt ciia quat dugc xae djnh dya trdn kdt qua tinh toan nhiet ciia ket lam mat Khi cac ngan lam mat dugc xdp thanh mdt hang thi:

G = 3 6 0 0 ( Z N 03^ UN +Z„m^ UD)ri[kg/h]

Hay: G = (ZN ffl^ u^ + Z^ co,, Uo)riv, [m^ Is]

Trong dd: ZN, Zp - sd ngan lam mat nude va dau;

CON, COD - tiet didn luu thdng ciia khdng khi d cae ngan dd;

r| he sd dy tru'luu lugng eiia quat; ri = 1,05

Nhu vay, dan ddng quat lam mat phai thirc hidn thay ddi vdng quay de thay ddi ap suat va luu lugng gio nham giu cho nhiet do eiia cac thidt bj nhu ddng ca, fruydn ddng ed dugc trj sd tdi

uu, thoa man thang duge tdng sue can bao gdm eac thanh phan da gidi thidu d (1) va tao ra luu lugng ldn hon trj sd da tinh d (2)

H PHAN TICH, LUA CHON CO CAU DAN DONG QUAT LAM M A T

Dan ddng quat lam mat cd vai trd quan frgng dd giir dirge trang thai lam vide tdi uu eiia dau may Sau day xin gidi thidu mgt sd ea cau dan ddng quat lam mat thudng su dung trdn cac dau may diesel Dya vao hidu qua va kdt cau loai dan ddng, ehung ta se xem xet kidn nghj, lya chgn loai dan ddng tdi uu cha dau may

1 Dan dong bang cc gioi

Din ddng quat bang ea gidi cd kdt eau don gian va cd hidu suat eao nhat Tren dau may

T33 quat lam mat dugc dan ddng tir ddng ca diesel thdng qua mdt hop giam tdc banh rang (hinh

1); cdn trdn diu may T y 7 3 dan ddng quat lam mat bang day dai: moment tir true khuyu ddng

ca diesel truyen tdi puli, sau dd qua bd day dai Se truydn tdi puli phia trdn, puli nay lien kdt vdi

quat thdng qua mdt edn thuy lyc

9

-Ji~

8

Hinh 1 Ddn ddng qugt bdng ca gidi 1,4 True ddn: 2,5 Hop gidm tdc; 3 Gdi dd;

6 Ly hgp: 7 Diiu khiin ly hap: 8 Vd bdo ve; 9 Cdnh quat

2 Dan dong b i n g cdn thiiy luc

Trdn diu may DFH-21 eiia Trung Qudc, quat lam mat duge din ddng bing cdn thiiy lyc Moment tir true khuyu ddng ca se lam quay banh bom ciia cdn thiiy lye Khi cdn duge nap day diu, moment se truyen qua banh tua bin ciia edn thuy lyc de lam quay quat lam mat

Trdn diu may D5H ciia IJc eung nhu mdt sd dau may eiia Lien Xd, Anh, Phap sir dung loai cdn thiiy lyc cd miic do nap dau thay ddi dd didu chinh sd vdng quay ciia quat mdt each vd cap Khi lugng nap diu eho cdn ldn nhat thi sy trugt giira banh bom va banh tua bin la nhd nhat, moment xoin truydn di se ldn nhat lam eho sd vdng quay ciia quat cao nhat Khi lugng nap dau cho cdn giam di thi moment xoan va vdng quay ciia quat tuong ring cung giam xudng

t ^ B i PIQA HQC GIAO THQNG V^N TAI So 3 S 09/2010 115

Hinh 2 Nguyen ly hoat ddng cua cdn thuy luc cd mice nap ddu thay ddi

Hinh 2 gidi thidu so' dd cau tao va nguyen ly lam vide eua loai cdn thiiy lyc nay Dau cdng tac dugc nap vao budng lam viec ciia edn qua Id 1 va qua eac khe hd giua hai banh bo'in va tua

bm dau cung nap day vao khoang chiia dau 2 Trong khoang chua dau ed bd tri vdi xa dau 4 Vdi nay hen kdt vdi dng xa 6 va cd the quay quanh true eiia nd do do mieng vdi xa 5 cd the thay ddi vi tri tir ngoai cimg vao trong cimg

Dudi tac dung ciia lyc li tam dau trong khoang chiia 2 ludn ludn bj ddn ra phia ngoai Do

do khi cdn thiiy luc khdng dugc nap day dau thi dau se tao thanh mdt vanh sat vd phia ngoai, cdn khoang khdng gian phia loi cdn thiiy lyc se bj bd trdng Ndu vdi xa d vj tri ngoai ciing (net dam trdn binh 2b) thi dau cdng tae se chay vao mieng vdi xa rdi theo dng 6 ra ngoai Trong trudng hgp luu lugng eiia bom cap dau nhd ban lugng dau xa qua hai vdi xa thi sau mdt thdi gian ngan cdn thiiy lye se bj xa bet dau ra ngoai, khi dd edn thiiy lye se khdng truydn duge moment va vdng quay eiia banh tua bin va quat se bang khdng Khi vj tri ciia vdi xa d trong ciing (dudng net diit trdn hinh 2b) thi cdn thiiy lye se lam vide d chd do nap day dau va khi do vdng quay ciia banh tua bin va quat se la ldn nhat

Nhu vay bang vide thay ddi vj tri ciia vdi xa dau cd thd didu ehinh mdt each vd eip vdng quay ciia quat tir khdng ddn ldn nhat tuong iing vdi nhiet do eiia nudc va dau trong he thdng lam mat

3 Dan dong quat bing dong co' thuy tinh

Phuong phap dan ddng quat bang thiiy tTnh da duge sir dung trdn cac dau may Ruman'

Dl 1H, dau may Ddi mdi Dl 9E dang van dung d nude ta cung nhu tren dau may ciia Lien Xd, Anh, Phap va mdt sd nude khac

Nguyen ly lam vide eiia he thdng dan ddng quat bang thiiy tTnh dugc gidi thieu tren hinh 3 Bom thiiy tTnh 2- dan ddng tiv ddng ca diesel - hiit dau tir thung 3 dua qua dng dan 4 ddn van hing nhiet 5 6 day tuy theo nhiet do ciia nude trong he thdng lam mat mdt phan dau se duge

cap cho ddng ca thiiy tTnh 6 lam vide Ae dan -ddng quat lam mat, mdt phan dau khac qua dng 7

trd ve thimg chiia 3 Dudng 10 la dng dau dan ddn xy lanh thuy lyc 9 dd ddng md cira chop

11 10

2 ~^

1

C)

Hinh 3 Nguyen ly ldm viic ciia hi thong ddn ddng quat bdng thiiy tTnh

Cau tao ciia ddng co' thiiy tTnh ed kdt cau tuang ty nhu loai A2 F225 Ql dung trdn dau may Ddi mdi duo'c the hidn tren hinh 4

Hmh 4 Dong ca thuy tTnh A2 F225 Ql

Dong ca thuy tTnh dugc ddng md va didu chinh tdc do ty

ddng nhd ca ciu khdi.g chd luu lugng dau trong van hang nhiet

tiiy theo nhiet do ciia nudc trong he thdng lam mat

c i u tao eiia van hang ihiet gdm 2 phan md ta tren hinh 5,

phia dudi la bd phan cam nhan nhiet do ciia nudc nhd mdt chat

cd he sd dan'nd nhiet cao dyng trong dng 4, phia tren la van

khdng chd luu lugng dau ve thimg

Khi nhiet do ciia nudc lam mat cao chat cam nhiet nd ra

thdng qua can 5 day van 2 ddng bdt dudng dau vd thung lam cho

luong diu tdi ddng ca thiiy tTnh tang len va quat se quay nhanh

han Khi nhiet do cua nudc lam mat giam chat cam nhiet trong

dug 4 CO lai lam cho van 2 tut xudng, md rdng dudng diu ve Hinh 5 Van bdng nhiet

thimg lam cho lugng dau cung eip cho ddng ea giam, quat se quay eham lai hoae dirng yen

• Phuang phap dan ddng quat bing thiiy tTnh eho phep didu ehinh vdng quay cua quat mgt each vd cap, nhiet do ciia nudc lam mat dugc giiJ dn djnh vdi miic do ±2°C

• Dan dgng quat bang ddng ca thiiy tTnh cd thd tich nhd, trgng lugng nhe, don vj trgng lugng cdng suat ciia he thdng nhd Vi du don vj trgng lugng cdng suit cua he thdng dan ddng quat bang thiiy tTnh trdn dau may T 3 n 60 cua Lidn xd chi la 1,6 kg/ev, trong khi dan ddng quat bing ddng ea didn frdn diu may TFM3 la 32,7 kg/cv

• Dan ddng quat bang dgng ea thuy tTnh khdng bj khdng chd bdi vi tri lap dat cac trang thidt bj ciia he thdng lam mat vi cd thd bd fri cac dudng dng theo y mudn tai nai can thidt

• Cac may thiiy tTnh cd hidu suat va tudi thg eao, lam vide chac chan va khdng cd tidng

dn, it ydu eau phai bao duong sira chira Hidu suat tdng egng eua bom va ddng ca thuy tTnh khoang 85%

Tuy vay phuong phap dan dgng quat bang thiiy tTnh ciing cd nhugc didm la do ap suit trong he thdng dau rat Idn (ed khi tdi 200 at) ndn phai dung cac dng cao ap dam bao kin va an toan tuyet ddi Mat khac ydu eau eac dudng dng va cac thidt bi phai sach ddng thdi phai cd bau lgc va ket lam mat dau eho he thdng

4 Dan dong quat bang dong cc dien

Quat lam mat dan ddng bang dgng ea didn khdng nhung duge diing trdn dau may truydn ddng didn ma cdn diing ngay ea trdn dau may truydn ddng thiiy luc eua Lien Xd, Anh, Phap, Ha Lan

Hinh 6 Ddn ddng qugt bdng ddng ca dien tren ddu mdy T3 109

He thdng dan ddng quat bang ddng ca didn ed kich thudc nhd ggn, lam vide dn djnh, tudi thg cao, bao duong, sira chira, didu chinh tdc do dd dang

Nhugc didm eua nd la trgng lugng nang va hidu suat thap

Trdn diu may T 3 109 diing 2 quat lam mat dan dgng bang 2 ddng co didn mgt chidu Cac quat nay cd sd vdng quay phii hgp vdi miia ddng hoae miia he tiiy theo each mic noi tidp hoae song song Trong mdi miia lai ed the thay ddi 2 cap tdc do bang each giam ydu tir trudng

(Xem tiip trang 112)

chi la van dd tam ly va con ngudi se sdm lam

quen vdi cdng nghd mdi, gidng nhu khi con

ngudi chuydn tii' xe ngya sang xe lira vay

Erlbaum Associates, Inc •

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[1], Lay, Rodney K, Gene M McHale and William

B Stevens, The U.S DOT Status Report on the

Automated Highway Systems Program, 1996,

Center of Telecommunications and Advance

Technology

[2] Sanghyun Cheon, An Overview of Automated

Highway Systems (AHS) and the Social and

Institutional Challenges they Face, 2003,

University of California

[3] Congress, The Automated Highway

System, 1994, FHWA home Federal Highway

Administration, U.S Department of

Transportation, summer • Vol 58* No 1

[4] Lester R Brown, Crops and cars compete for

land In Plan B: Rescuing a planet under sfress and

a civilization in frouble, 2003, Earth Policy

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Tomorrow's Transportation: Changing, Cities,

Economies and Lives, 2000, Artech House ITS

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Safety, 2005, Nijmegen University

[7] John A Hancock, High-Speed Obstacle

Detection for Automated Highway Applications,

1997, Carnegie Mellon University

[8] Robert A Feiiis, The Dream of an Automated

Highway, Vol 71, No.l, 2007, U.S Department of

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[9] Steven E Shladover, What if Cars Could Drive

Themselves, 2000, ACCESS No 16, University of

California Transportation Center

[10], Bin Ran, Wenjing Huan and Shawn Leight,

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Exit Bottleneck Problems, 1996, University of

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[11] Barfield W A.Dingus Th, Human Factors in

Intelligent Transportation Systems, 1998,

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Current research and ttends, 1999, Lawrence

NGHIEN Ciru, LlTA CHON

P H U ^ O N G A N

(Tiip theo trang 118)

Mdt sd diu may chd tao gin day cua My, Phap, Cdng hda Sec va dau may TFI 00 ciia Lidn Xd dan ddng quat lam mat bang ddng ca didn xoay chieu Loai ddng ca nay cd cau tao don gian, van hanh chac chan va frgng lugng nhe han ddng ca didn mdt chidu

III KET LUAN Bai bao gidi thidu cac kdt eau dan ddng quat, phan tich uu nhugc diem ciia tiing loai

va riit ra mdt sd kdt luan phuc vu eho cdng tac

tu van thidt kd he thdng lam mat ciia dau may:

1 Ddi vdi cac loai dau may cd cdng suat nhd ed thd sii' dung ea eau dan ddng quat bang CO' gidi Day la loai ea cau don gian, ed hidu suat eao xong pham vi didu ehinh ciia ca cau dan ddng hep tiiy thude vao sd cap eua hop giam tdc quat

2 Ddi vd'i cac dau may ed cdng suat ldn nen sir dyng ea cau dan ddng quat bang ddng CO' thiiy tTnh, dac bidt trdn cae dau may diesel truydn dgng didn cd thd sir dung dan ddng quat bang ddng ca thiiy tTnh hoac ddng ca didn Hai loai dan ddng nay ddu dieu chinh kha nang lam mat frong pham vi rdng, lidn tyc dap ling vdi mgi chd do lam vide eiia dau may

Tai lieu tham khao

[1] Nguyin Hint Dimg, Nguyin Vdn Chuyin: Ciu

tao va tinh toan dau may Diesel Ha Ndi 1984

[2] Nguyin Hieu Dimg: Cau tao va tinh toan diu

may Diesel Ha Noi 2005

[3] Hd so cac loai diu may D4H, D5H, DPH21, D19E, D20E«