Nhu vay, trong dieu kien thyc nghiem nay, ap suat n^n bang 5 at da tao ta dung djch MQL DSu lac cd cac dac tinh toi uu vl boi tron va lam ngupi.. Do vay, ap dung cac phuang phap BT-LN pb
Trang 1Nguyin Dang Binh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185-190
ANH H i r d N G CUA AP SUAT NEN DUNG DICH MQLDEN TUOI BEN
CUA DUNG CU CAT KHI TIEN THE? 9 CrSi B A N G DAO CBN
Nguyen DSng Binh', Tran Minh Diic', Le Th^i Son^'*
Trudng DlT Ky thudt Cdng nghidp Thdi Nguyen,
'Trifdng DH Suphgm ky thuat Vinh
TOM T A T
Qua trinh nghien ciru cac anh hudng cua phuong phdp boi tron-iam ngupi toi thilu (MQL) khi tien thep 9CrSi bang dao CBN dugc thyc hipn nham danh gia cac anh hudng cua thong s6 ap suat nen Dung djch Dau lac Viet Nam dugc n^n vdi cac gia trj ap suat 4 at, 5 at va 6 at sau do dupc phun ra vdi luu lugng phun Iml/phiit Kit qua cho thSy hieu qua boi tron va lam ngupi dung dich nen vdi
ap suat 5 at la tot nhat Lupng mdn dao ca mat trudc va mat sau deu thap ban khi su dung ap suat 4
at va 6 at Nhu vay, trong dieu kien thyc nghiem nay, ap suat n^n bang 5 at da tao ta dung djch MQL DSu lac cd cac dac tinh toi uu vl boi tron va lam ngupi
TU khoa: MQL Ddu Igc, Tudi ben dung cu cdt Tien cung
GIOI THIEU
Cac chi tiet nhu vdng d lan, vdi phun va
nhiing chi tiet ciia he thdng thuy lyc, sau khi
nhiet luyen thudng phai qua nguyen cdng mai
hoac khdn Cac nguyen cdng nay thudng
thieu linh hogt va mat nhieu thdi gian Han
nOa chi phi dung djch tron ngudi cho nguyen
cdng mai ciing kba cao Mat khac chat thai
khi mai ngay cang la van de eua mdi trud'ng
sdng Nhiing ly do tren da thiic day cac nha
san xuat logi dan khau mai trong quy trinh
cdng nghe gia cdng tinh chi tiet
Phuang an tdi uu cho viec thay the nay chinh
la tien cirng Tien cirng dugc phat trien bat
dau tir nam 1980, [5], [6], khi manh cat bang
vat lieu sieu ciing CBN (Cubic Boron
Nitride), PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron
Nitride) dugc irng dung rdng rai Phuang
phap nay cd the gia cdng khd va hoan thanh
chi tiet trong ciing mdt lan ga Cap chinb xac
khi tien eiing cd thi dgt IT5-7, nham be mat
Ra = 0,04 ^ 0,16pm Rd rang, vdi chat lugng
dat dugc nhu vay, tien cu'ng hoan toan thay
the dugc cho mai trong hau bet cac trudng
hgp gia cdng tinh
Cac san pham trong tien ciing kha linh hogt,
tir cac chi tilt dgng tryc tran (cac true ngan),
con lan, tdi cac cbi tilt cd bien dgng phiic
tap deu cd thi hoan tbanb b4ng nguyen cdng
tien cung Tuy nhien, nhiet cao trong qua trinh tien ciing la mdt trong nhung yeu td gay cae anh hudng bat Igi cho qua trinh gia cdng
Do vay, ap dung cac phuang phap BT-LN pbii bgp vao qua trinh tien ciing vdi muc dich lam giam nhiet gia cdng la viec khdng the thieu Trudc day, cac logi dung djch BT-LN duge cbl bien tii' dau md theo truyen thdng dugc sir dyng nhilu Vi nhung tac ddng bat lgi nen tren, xu budng sii' dyng dung djch BT-LN bang dau thyc vat va este trong gia cdng eat ggt dang din chiem uu the Logi dung djch tron ngudi nay da khang djnh dugc vj the cua chiing trong viec nang cao hieu qua san xuat
va giam eac tac ddng xau den mdi trudng Viec sii' dyng dau thyc vat trong gia cdng cat ggt cd the lam giam bdt van de phai ddi mat vdi SU'C khde cua ngudi lao ddng, chang bgn nbu ung thu da va hit phai bui ddc bgi [6] Dau thyc vat su dung BT-LN vugt trdi so dau cdng nghiep vl chat lugng san pham gia cdng 0, [8] Bdi tron lam ngudi toi thieu (Minimum Quantity Lubrication-MQL) trong tien ciing
la phuong phap sii' dung ca cbl BT-LN bang each phun dung djch tron ngudi da dugc nen
d ap su§t cao vao viing gia cdng Dgc tinh khac biet vl ca cbl hda tan ciia dung djch tron ngudi d dilu kien nay da tgo nen mdt co cbl tham nhap vao vimg gia cdng khac vdi cac phuong phap BT-LN truyin thong hipn
cd Nhd dd, cdng nghe MQL da cho tbSy
Trang 2Nguyin Dang Binh vd Dm Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185 190
nhieu uu diem vc ca linh nang bdi tran lan
lam ngugi Irong qua trinh gia cdng viil lieu cd
i\o cirng cao Mgt trong nhu'ng uu diem ndi
bat ciia no hi lam giiim nhiet cat, giiim lugng
mdn dao, giiim hipMi tugng leo dao do dd cai
thien do nham be mat cbi tiet gia cdng, tang
tudi ben dung cu cat, lang dg chinh xac gia
cdng \ii dgc biet hi khdng giiy hgi cho mdi
trirdng \ii con ngudi 0, f9J
Theo Nguyen Thg |2|, trcMi the gidi mdi nam
Siin xuiil dugc khoang 35 trieu tan l.gc, Irong
dd Vict Nam siin xuiil dugc kboiing nira trieu
liin Nhan Igc thirdng cd hinh bau due mau
trang Ihiinli phiin hoii bgc theo % chat khd
nhu sau: Lipil khoiing 40-^60%, Protein
khoang 20- 37%, Xenlulo khoang I - 5%,
Tro 2^ 5% Thdng thudng, trung binh 100kg
Igc (ca vd) cbo 70kg nhan va 30kg vd, neu kel
hgp ep va tach ly, ta thu dugc 34 kg dau Igc
va 36 kg khd lgc Ty trgng ciia dau lgc d 30°C
la 0,910 va nhiet do ddng dgc la -2,5"C
Vdi y nghia va cac dgc diem nbu da neu tren,
nhdm tac gia da tien banh qua trinh thyc
nghiem nham danh gia cac anh hudng thdng
sd MQL den qua trinh cat Trong phgm vi de
tai nay, cac danh gia chu yeu tap trung vao sy
anh budng ciia ap suat nen tgo dung djch
MQL Dau lgc den tudi ben ciia dung cu cat
khi tien ciing thep 9CrSi
QUA TRJNH THUC NGHIEM
Nguyen vat lieu va thiet bj thi nghiem
Qua trinh thi nghiem dugc thyc bien tren niiiy
tien vgn nang OKUMA LS365, Nhat Ban san
xual Chi tiet gia cdng lam bang vat lieu Thep
9CrSi (9XC) Kich thudc cbilu dai L = 550
mm, dudng kinh O60 Phdi dugc tien hanh ldi
thi tich dgt do cirng 56 ^ 58 HRC Dao lien
dugc sii' dung la dao tien ngoai Miii cat lam
bing vat lieu CBN, sd hieu TPGN 160308
T2100 MTENN 2020K16-N (hang
KAN EL A), Han Qudc siin xuiit
Ludi cat cd cac gdc do nhu sau: -6, -6 6, 6,
15 75, 0.8 (mm)
He thong tgo dung djch tran ngudi dang hai/suang bao gdm cac thiet bj nen va tron dung djch Khi nen cung cap cho binh nen dugc thyc hien thdng qua thiet bj nen khi STARY dugc san xuat tgi Dai Loan (Ap suat khi nen Idn nhat 16KG/cm^) Thiet bj do ap suat dugc sir dung la cam bien do ky hieu NA 321- Novaka, Anh san xuat Trudc khi phun viio vimg cat, dung djch dugc trgn deu thdng qua thiet bj trgn kit hgp phun NOGA, san xuat lgi Dire Luu lugng phun dugc xac djnh thdng qua bd chia luu lugng cd gan ddng ho thdi gian, Irung Qudc san xuat
Dung djch BT-LN MQL Dau lac la logi Dau Igc san xuat tgi Vict nam Trong dau Igc thanh phan ax it beo Widng no chiem 33%, linolic (CI 8:2)13 chiem 63%, trong dd oleic (CI8:1)50 chiem 11% Dung djch BT-LN MQL Emusil la hdn hgp Emusil pha 10% vdi nude cat Dung djch Emusil la logi dung djch.BT-LN san xuat tai.Trung Qudc
Mo hinh xix quy trinh thuc nghiem
Md binh thi nghiem thyc hien trong de tai nay dugc gidi thieu tren Hinh 1 Chi tiet gia cdng dugc ga tren mam cap 3 cbau ty djnb tam va mui chdng tam Sau kbi ga lap, phdi dugc kiem tra wi gia cdng thd nham dam bao dp ddng tam tuyet ddi trirdc kbi tien hanh cat thyc nghiem
Cac tbi nghiem tuang irng dugc thyc hien
\di phuong phap MQL sir dung Dau lgc co Ciic thdng sd MQL dugc liet ke trong Bang
1 dudi diiy
Bang 1 Cdc thdng sd dgc trung MQL sir dung
trong qud trinh thuc nghiem
Ten Thong so dac trung
Ap suat nen 4 at, 5 at, 6 at Nhiet dp tao dung djch 25°C
Luu lupng phun 1 ml/phiit Dung dich MQL Diu lgc Viet nam Thdi dilm danh gia 10, 20, 30, 40, va 50 phiit
186
Trang 3iNguycii u a i i g u i i i i i vu i-^(g 1 cip v^iii 1X1 ivy/~\ HOC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185- 190
Hinh L \ld hinh thi nghiem khi lien
1 Mam cap, 2 Dao tien, 3 Vdi phun MQL, 4
Danh gia ket qua thyc nghiem
Qua trinh danh giii ludi cat va be mat chi tiet
da gia cdng dugc thuc hien sau khi tien hanh
cat 10 phut 20 phiit, 30 phut 40 phut, va 50
phut Trudc kbi danh gia, cac mau luoi eat
lien quan dugc lam sgch sa bd va chyp anh be
mat bang may chup SEM JEOL-JSM- 6490,
Hoa Ky san xuat Miii dao dugc chyp ca mat
trudc va mat sau de so sanh eac anh hudng
tren cac be mat nay
KET QUA
Bieu dd so sanh ket qua lugng mdn dao mat
sau do dugc khi dieu chinb ap suat nen P tii' 4
at den 6 at duge the hien tren Hinh 2 Ket qua
cho thay, kbi thdi gian cat cang dai thi lugng
mdn dao cang ldn Tuy nhien, vdi gia trj ap
suat nen bang 5 at lugng mdn dao tgi tat ca
cac thdi diem khao sat deu cd gia trj thap ban
khi tang hoac giam ap suat nen Lugng mdn
tai mat trudc cua dao dugc the bien tren Hinh
3 cQng tuan theo quy lugt mdn dao mat sau d
Hinh 2
Tuy nhien, gia trj mdn d mat sau ldn bon
nhieu so vdi gia trj mdn tai mat trudc eua dao
0 day, mdt lan nu'a cbo thay lugng mdn dao
khi sir dyng ap suat nen bang 5 at thap hon
cac trudng hgp cdn lai
Cac anh hudng mdn din mat trudc va mat sau
ciia dung cy cat khi thay doi ap suat nen dugc
the hien rd hon d bieu dd so sanh tudi ben dao
cirng sir dung cdng nghe MQL Ddu lgc
Chi tiet gia cdng, 5 Mui chdng tam, 6 O ga dao tren Hinh 4 Nguyen nhan va cac tac ddng lien quan tir ap suat nen dung dich MQL Dau lgc se dugc thao luan chi tiet trong phan tiep theo
410
370
g_ 330
I 250
•|- 210
•" VO
130
90
BP=4ot
DP=53t
-P=6al
10
a j., t"^
-20 30 40
Tliol gian cat (phiit)
Hinh 2 Mdi quan he giira dp sudt nen
vd lugng mdn dao mat sau
240
f 210
.0 180
g 150
120
DP=4il
0P=53t
3
Ttitri gian ca! (pliiit)
Hinh 3 Mdt quan he giira dp sudt nen
vd lugng mdn dao mat trudc
Trang 4Nguyen Dang Binh vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE » » u z ; : l o j i90
-J!
50
50
40
30
20
10
0
Hinh 4 Anh htrong cua dp sudt nen den tudi hen
cita dung cu cat
TllAO LUAN KM QUA
Cho den iiiiy, da cd mdt sd cdng trinh nghien
ciru su diiiig dau thyc viil vao cdng nghe
MQL khi gia cdng cii vat lieu cd do cirng cao
[7], [9] Cac kcl qua nghien ciru deu cd cimg
cluing ket luan ve hieu qua liim giam lugng
mdn \a tang ludi ben dung cu cat khi gia cdng
Theo dd, tudi thg cua dung cu da tang tii' 3 1
phiit den 45 phiit, tuong duong 1,5 lan Khi
sii' dung phuong phap BT-LN MQL, lugng
mdn mat sau phu trung binh va mdn xudc tren
ludi cat phu dugc hgn cbe dang ke Nbu vay
bieu qua MQL da dugc khang djnb rd rang
Trong nghien ciru nay, thay ddi ap suat ddng
khi da cho thay cd anh budng nhieu den tudi
ben ciia dao kbi MQL sir dung dau lgc cbo
tien cirng thep 9CrSi
Hinh 2 va 3 deu cho thay do ben ciia dung cu
cat cao nhat kbi sir dung MQL \di ap suat
bang 5 at Trong liic dd, neu tang hogc giam
ap suat nen thi deu lam giiim tudi ben ciia
dung cu cat mdt each rd ret Trong liic dd,
lugng mdn mat sau the hien sy anh hudng cua
ap suat nen rat rd net 0 dii\, giai dogn diiu
gia tri lugng mdn thay ddi khdng nhieu nhung
khi thdi gian cat cang dai tbi sy chenh lech dd
cang rd ret
Nguyen nhan gay sy anh hudng nay cd the la
do khi gia cdng be mat nira kin, vdi ap suat 5
at tbi sy bam vao mat ngoai cua dau lgc tren
cac bgt bgt khi la tdt nhat, kha nang tgo
ho'i/suang va dua chiing vao vimg cat hieu
qua nhat, kha nang giu' cac hat suong mil
trong vimg cat tdt nen kha nang bdi tron tdt
0,[8] Trong khi do, gia trj ap suit nen bing 4
at cd the chua dii Idn de tao tao dung djch dang hai/suang cd do hat toi uu, sy pha trpn giCfa chat hda tan va dung moi chua cao Do vay, kha nang tham nhap dung djch vao viing cat dc khuech tan nhiet khdi vimg cat kem hieu quii ban Dgng hdng cua dao trong trudng hgp nay la sy kit hgp giu^a mdn va "chay" luai cat
do vimg tiep xiic giira cac be mat Ion, hieu qua bdi Iran va lam ngugi ciia MQL cdn thap [3] Kbi tang ap suat nen dung djch len 6at, cd tuoi ben ciia dao lai bj giam di do lugng mdn lang len Nguyen nhan cd the do ap suat qua ldn dan den qua trinh tham nhap cua dung djch va thoat ra khdi vimg tiep xiic qua nhanh, thai gian luu Igi trong khu vyc tiep xiic khdng dii de phat buy kba nang bap thu nhiet tai viing lan can de mang ra ngoai Cd the ndi rang, van tdc ludng dung djch Idn cd the lam tang kha nang ddi luu nhiet xung quanh vimg cat va lam bieu qua lam ngugi khu \yc gia cdng Tuy nhien qua trinh BT-LN d cac khu vyc tiep xuc ben trong \ iing cat cd anh hudng quyet djnh den cac thdng so thyc nghiem neu tren Do \gy, bieu qua bdi tran \a !am ngupi cac khu \yc tiep xiic nay mdi cd the khang djnh dugc hieu qua BT-LN khi gia cdng Nhu vay, \di qua trinh phun MQL vdi P = 6 at, hieu qua BT-LN khdng cao bang qua trinh phun P = 5 at \ ii P= 4 at Cac dgng hdng cua dao trong trudng hgp niiy cbii yeu la do mdn
\ a giiy 0, [3]
Cac ket qua nghien ciru bang thyc nghiem cua Dhar \a cac ddng nghiep ve lugng mdn dao kbi gia cdng dugc gidi thieu so sanh trong Hinh 5 Ket qua cho thay nbiing phat hien trong qua trinh thyc nghiem d de tai nay la hoan toan cd ca sd va pbii hgp vdi thyc tien Trong trirdng bgp ap suit nen P = 5 at, tudi bin dao Idn nhat, tang 21 % so vdi trudng hop
P = 4 at va tang 27%) so vdi trudng hgp P = 6
at Ap lyc ddng khi trong trudng hgp nay da mang cac hat dung djch dau lgc vao vimg cit, khi ap lyc ddng kbi du Idn se nang dugc canh phoi tren mat trudc cua dao, giam dugc chieu dai tilp xuc pboi-dao, giam dugc ma sat tren mat trudc, giam dugc nhiet sinh ra trong qua trinh cat
188
Trang 5Nguyin igffiig Binh vd Dtg Tap chi KHUA HQC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185 190
5 0 0 >• ' ^ ' ^ ' ' ' " '^^°^ * * P ^^^^ ^^^"^
, i Manh h<?p kim: S N M M
l Van ttc c i t 110 ni/ph\it
400 i* Bu<5'c tien 0.16 nim/vg
i Chieu sSu cit: 1,5 mm
.rOO-,
:oo1 0 0
-0
0 10 : o 50
T l i o i a i m i in;i c o n ;
Moi tru'ong
- - 0 - - KhS
—•— M Q L
40 : i p l m t *
.<iO
500 - v a t lieu phoi th*p A I S I 1 0 6 0
Manli h<?p kim SNMlvf
' Van toe c St 110 m/phiit
4 0 0 ' B u o c tien 0 1 6 m j n / v g
, ChiJu sSu cat 1,5 m m
500
:oo
100
0
10
M o i t r u o n g
- -»•- K h o
- * - M Q L
T l i o i a i a n g i a c o u i ; (j.>hViO
Hinh 5 Quan he giUa lugng mdn vd thdi gian gia
cdng khi thay ddi dieu kien BT-LN [7]
iNhu da piian tich d tren dau lgc cd tinh huyen
phu, cd ty trgng nhe hon nude va khdng tan
trong nude d dieu kien ap suat binh thudng
(lat) Neu dua dung djch dau Igc vao tren be
mat ciia phdi vdi ap lyc nhd tbi kha nang bam
dinh tren be mat phdi va dao thap, kha nang
tao dugc ldp mang oxit trong viing cat kem,
cdng cat ggt se tang len, lyc cat tang Tuy
nhien, vdi ap suat thich bgp, kha nang hda tan
cua dau lgc vao nude lgi dugc cai thien va
hinh thanh dudi dgng pha dung mdi va pha
hoa tan Qua trinh tuang tac nay chiu anh
hudng cua kich thudc do hgt, sii'c cang be mat
ciia cac chit tham gia Trong trudng hgp nay,
Sat cd the la gia trj ap suat thich hgp tgo nen
kich thudc hgt dung djch hda tan toi uu do dd
da lam tang kha nang hda tan dung djch Kich
thudc hgt dung djch hda tan cang nhd thi klia
nang tham nhap vao cac vimg tilp xiic cang
dl Day la dac tinh uu viet, quan trgng va
rieng biet nhat ciia qua trinh BT-LN bang
phuang phap MQL Diu lgc Viet Nam da mdt
lan nira cho thiy hieu qua ciia nd trong viec
KET L U A N VA KIEN NGHI Tir kit qua thyc nghiem ta cd thi thiy ring khi thay doi ap suit ddng khi MQL sir dung Dau Igc da thay ddi nhilu din mdn dao Khi
ap suit ddng khi thich hgp lugng mdn dao giam rd ret, cu the:
-Vdi ap suit ddng khi P = 5 at, Q = Iml/phiit cho lugng mdn dao thip nhit, tudi bin dao Idn nhat
Chi phi sir dung de dau tu mdt he thdng bdi tron toi thilu khdng cao, do dd cac doanh nghiep cd the ty trang bj cho nha may ciia minh de nang cao chat lugng, hg gia thanh san pham, gdp phan bao vp mdi trudng
Che tgo he thdng phun chuyen dung va tdi
uu hda he thdng phuc vu nganh che tgo may Tap trung nghien ciru cac logi dau thyc vat san cd tai Viet Nam de sii' dung nham muc dich nang cao chat lugng, hg gia tbanb san pham, gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng
Ddng vien cac nha may nen sir dyng dau thyc vat cua Viet Nam de tiet kiem ngogi te
va tieu thy san pham ciia ndng dan
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Trin Minh Dire va cac dong nghiep (2007),
Nghien ciiu irng dung cdng nghe bdi tran-ldm ngudi tdi thieu trong gia cdng cdt ggt, De tai
nghien cuu khoa hpc cip Bp trpng diem
[2] Nguyin Thp (2009), Nguyen lieu chira ddu
vd phuang phdp bdo qudn,
http://cnx.org/content/m30127/latest/
[3] Edward M Trent, Paul K Wright (2000),
Metal Cutting fourth edition
[4] J D Silliman, R.Perich (1992), Cutting and
grinding fluids: selection and application Society
of Manufacturing Engineers
[5] J P Davim (2011), Machining of hard
met aria Is
[6] K Nakayama, M Aral, T Kanda (1988),
Machining characteristic of hard materials,
AnnalsoftheCIRP, Vol 37/1
[7] KhanM.M.A, Dhar.N.R (2006), Performance
evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication by vegetable oil in terms of cutting force, cutting zone temperature, tool wear, job dimension and surface finish in turning AISI-1060 steel,
www.zju.edu.cn/jzus, pp 1790-1799 [8] R Ronan Autret, Graduate Research
Trang 6Nguyen Dang Binh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 88(12): l » 3 - 190
Quantity Lubrication in Finish Hard Turning lubricant through the use of minimum quantity
Gcoriic W Woodruff School of Mechanical hihrication during machining Mohd Azrul
K,,,in.cnn, < ,,,-,„, ,„.,,i,„,c of Icchnology, j l ^ p - ^ ' j ^ T b l ^ E B (1975), nOB,ILllEH,E
Atlanta, G A 3 0 3 i 2 - ( ) 105 •-^^i^.t^ru-riAnn^-.r-TfA r^^-wr
r o i ^- ^-1 r / j J^ M N; V r N/i 1 M - yixhEKTHBHOCTM CO>K,
[9) S Sh:.,,l (llciid) N M Yusof M II Idns, M O C K B A " M A I J I H H O C T P O E M H E "
/ Abidin, Ahmad, I Sudin, A Ripin (2()()'>)
heasihiliiy study <>/ using vegetable oil AS.I ciiting
ABSTRACT
EFFECTS OF FLUID FORMINC PRESSURE ON TOOL LIFE IN TURNING HARD STEEL 9CRSI USINCJ CBN INSERTS
Nguyen Dang Binh', Tran Minh Due', Le Thai Son^''
'College of Technology- TNU ' t 'inh I niversily of Technology Education
This is the study of hard turning steel 9CrSi prepared with CBN tool using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) of Peanut oil with a focus on effects of fluid forming pressure The peanut oil MQL fluid was first formed with vary of pressure from 4atm, 5atm and 6atm then sprayed with a rate of Iml/min As a result, using the peanut oil fluid formed by 5atm resulted in longer tool life than the others Finally, the pressure of 5atm can be considered as the optimal value for forming peanut oil MQL fluid
Keywords: Peanut oil MQL, Tool life Hard turning
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190