Nghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo thiết bị sấy hạt giống ứng dụng gốm bức xạ hồng ngoại giải tần hẹp chọn lọc bằng phương pháp qui hoạch hóa thực nghiệm đơn yếu tố

Tie'n .si Rakhime't'p va cac ceng su ciia etng da nghien ciru che' tao thanh ccing cac loai vat lieu gdm co cac tinh chat ky dieu la kha nang phat buc xa hdng ngoai ve'ti nhung giai setn

QUA NGHIEN crtru KH-CN CUA VIEN CPNG NGHE SAU THU HOACH NAM 2 0 0 1

N G H I E N C U t i T H I E T K E C H E T A O T H I E T Bl SAY HAT GIONCJ i X j DUNG (JOM BLIC X A H ( ) N ( J N G O A I ( H A I TAN H E P C H O N LOG BANG P H U O N ( ; PHAP

i ' Q U I H O A C H H O A T H U C N G H I E M DON YEU T O

P h a m Diic Viet

Vien Cdng nghe sau thu hoach

Dua trcn nguyc:n tdc ce")' dinh eac yciu td \a thay ddi me)t sd yeu let khac nhau de' \ae d|iih ;inh hucmg ciia cac yci'u let' bicn thien dc)i vc'ti thc")ng sc") muc lieu, tham dc) khoang nghien ecru eliei phi5p ciia cac yeu tc")' va anh hmmg eua chiing Ic'ti gia tri cue Iri eua ham muc lieu, cJe tai da \ae dinh ductc nic)t sc") yeu td eu the': nhit:l dc), chieu day Ic'tp hai, khoang each tir cac thanh gc'ini tc'ti

be mat vat say, khoang each giira cac thanh gom 'lu dc'), da thii;t kc clic tao ihic:i bi say hat gic"ing ling dung gc"im hue xa hc"ing ngoai giai tan ht;p chon loc 'Ihiei hi cc) chi plii nang luctng thap, dam bao chat lucmg say, cho kha nang nay mam va siic nay mam cua thc')e cao, van hanh dem gian

I DAT VAN Df:

Qua trinh lam kho tidng mot vai trd quan trong anh hue'mg tc'ti chai lucmg san pham Cd nhicu phuetng phap lam khd netng san - thue phdm - hai san, chdng han pheti ndng say dc")i luu, say thang hoa, say tidp xiic (truydn ddn), say eao tan Cae phucmg phap lam khd iron eo nhung nhucte diem sau:

- Thai gian say kc:c) dai

- Chi phf nang luctng le'm

- Chat luemg san phdm khong dam bao: lam ldn thai mot phan chat luemg ban dau eiia san phdm bao ge)m tPn thai ca chai dinh duetng ldn cac hoat chat sinh hoc

F

'' - - Khetng lam kho hoan loan cac vai liciu sinh hoc nen han ehdthcM gian bao quan

- Phai dung boa chai dd bao quan nen gay dpc hai eho eon ngucii

- Khetng bao loan cau tnic ciia deti tucmg say

Nhung nhuetc diem trcn duetc khac phuc nhetcc")ng nghcj say meti: Say bang gc")'m biic xa hdng ngetai giai tdn he;p chpn loc (BXI INC'D ICL) Tie'n si Rakhime't'p va cac ce)ng su ciia etng da nghien ciru che' tao thanh ccing cac loai vat lieu gdm co cac tinh chat ky dieu la kha nang phat buc xa hdng ngoai ve'ti nhung giai setng nhai djnh khi nung ndng Sang ehe nay ductc ung dung trong nhieu linh vuc ciia nen kinh lc quc'ie dan

II T H i f r i Kf: ( H E l A O T H I K I BI SAY T H U C N t H I I L M

2.1 C o s d thiet ke

2.1.1 C h o n kidu thiet bj say

De phd hetp vd nang suai ciia mc^t thiet bi sdy thf nghitjm dem gian vc kcl cau, dc che lao, chung toi chon loai ihidt bj say tinh, kieu bucing nang suai iOOkg/me

2.1.2 C h p n loai n g u d n nhiet cung c a p cho BXHNTJTHCL

Cd the lao ngudn nhiet cung cdp cho BXHNGTHCL chiing tPi chpn ngudn nhiet cung cap

B X H N C J T I I C L bdng thanh gei'm, nguon nhiet la thanh dien trd

2.1.3 Tinh toan nhiet

Muc dfch tfnh loan nhict la dd biet duetc dien nang cdn thiet cung cap cho qua trinh sdy qua

do ti'nh duttc sd lupng thanh ge)m BXHNGTHCL Idp dat trong thiet bj sdy

2.1.4 Xac djnh cac kich thudc co ban cua thiet bj say

Qua tfnh toan nhict, chpn nang suat thie't bj, tii dd xac djnh dupe kich thudre co ban eua thidt

bj

2.1.5 Chpn thiet bj dieu khidn

Dd CO the thay ddi dupe nhict dp, khdng chd dupe nhiet dd 6 miic khdng ddi chiing tdi Idp dat he thdng dieu khien tu ddng

2.2 Mo ta thiet bj say thuc nghiem '•' '

Thiei bj say gdm BXHNGTHCL gt)m eae b() phan ehinh sau:

* Budng sd'y: Budng sdy gdm 2 khung ldng vao nhau, cac khung dupe lien kdt vdi nhau bang

eae thanh thep gtic (Zae thanh thep gctc va vach Irong eua budng sdy lam bdng thdp inox dd dam bao ve sinh an loan thuc phdm, vach ngoai dupe lam bdng thep trang kem, lien ket vdi khung bang vft, giua vach trong va vach ngoai lot Ic^ bong thuy tinh each nhiet Buong say ed 10 thanh del cho 20 khay say Budng say cd 2 cira (sau, true'tc), tao dieu kidn cho qua trinh thao tac dupe thuan loai Cac cua cung duetc lot ldp bong thuy tinh each nhiet

* Khay sdy: Khay sdy cd kfch thucic:

Cao: 60mm; Rpng: 500mm; Dai: 600mm; Day khay dupe lam bdng ludi thep khong ri dupe ban ve'ti khung lam bdng thcSp khong ri

* Thanh gdm: Day la be) phan bite xa cung cap nhiet trong qua trinh say, gom 66 thanh, Idp

thanh 11 dan, co kich thucic cua thanh GBXHNCTTI ICL: cj) = 10mm; L = 1000mm; Dien trd R = 3on

'^ Bd phdn dieu khien nhiet dt):

BP phdn dieu khien nhicit dp cua Nhat, dieu khidn nhict dp dn djnh sudt trong qua trinh sdy tuy theo mil dieu khien nhict dp dat trudc, dupe hidn thj len man hinh Ngoai ra cd cac den bao hicu bao cho biet tinh trang hicn tai cua thiei bi

Cac theing sd ky thuat ciia thiet bi say thi nghicim:

- Cong suai : 3,5kw ^ 5,6kw

- Nang suat : 100kg hal/mc

- Nhiet dp : 3.5°C ^ 75''C

- Kfch thudc may : 1650 x 1800 x 650

- Kfch thudc khay : 500 x 600 x 60

- Sd khay : 20

- Se) thanh gei'm birc xa UN : 66 thanh

- Kfch thuc'tc thanh GRXIINGTIICL: cj) = 10; L = 1000

IIL CAC CHI TIEU CAN DO VA THIET BI DO

3.1 Cac chi tieu can do

- Do nhiclH dp: Nhiet dc) cua khdng khi moi truetng t„, nhict dP cua khong khf trong budng sdy t,, nhiet dci khf thai t^, nhict dp ciia hat liic vao 9,, nhiel dP eua hat luc ra 9^

Do dp dm tuong dP'i cua khdng khi ep,, dp dm cua khong khf thai ep2

Do dp dm eiia hat dua vao say cOj va dp dm cua hat sau khi sdy cộ

- Do dien nang tieu thu cung cap cho eae thanh GBXHNGTHCL

Do tdc dp ciia khPng khf thoat khdi thiet bj sdy de tinh lupng nhiet thoat ra khdi thiet bj

- Do chidu day Idp hat

- Do khoang each tii cae thanh GBXHNGTHCL den be mat ldp hat

- Do khoang each giiia eae thanh GBXHNGTHCL

- Theo đi thdi gian sdỵ

- Xac djnh kha nang ndy mdm va siic nay mam eia thdc

3.2 Cac loai thiet bj do

Do dp am eua thdc bang may do dp d.m dien tu Grainer cua hang Kelt cua Nhat Mdi mdu do khP'i lue;mg lOOg thiet bj cd sai sd ± 0,1%

Do dp dm tuong đi ciia mPi trudng khPng khi va eua khong khi thoat ra khdi thiet bj sáy bang dm kd tu dpng eua Diiẹ Thiet bj ed sai sd ± 0,5%

Do nhiet dp tren be mat hat va nhiet dc) khf thai bdng đng hd do nhiet dp loai cam ling eua Nhat Sai sd eua đng hd do ± 0,5%

Do dien nang tieu thu bang Watt kd ed sai sd eua đng bd nay ± IW

can khdi Iuc;mg thdc trude khi say va sau khi say bdng can dien tiị

Xac djnh kha nang nay mdm va siic nay mdm theo tieu chudn TCVN 1700 - 86

Do chidu day ldp thdc say, khoang each tir cac thanh GBXHNGTHCL den be mat kip thdc say, do khoang each giiia cac thanh GBXHNGTHCL bdng thudc dọ

Theo doi thdi gian say bdng đng hd bdm day, sai so cho phep ± 5 giaỵ

IV TIEN H A N H THI NGHIEM

Thf nghiem dupe thuc hien tai tram gid'ng Yen Dinh - Thanh IIt)ạ Dc cd se") lieu chfnh xac, thuan tien trong qua trinh xu ly so lieu, chiing tPi ehi chpn mpt loai thdc gid'ng dem vao say thf nghiem: Dd la loai thoc nhj uu 63

Theo eae tai lieu nudc ngoai thi sáy bang cdng nghe GBXlINCniCL rat hieu qua d giai doan am ndm trong hat, d trang thai lien kei vat lỵ Trong giai doan nay neu say bdng cac phucmg phap say tbPng dung tbi thdi gian say keo dai, chat lupng san phdm kem, giam nang suai thiei bj, tang ehi phi san xudt De giam dien nang tieu thu, giam ehi phi trong qua trinh say, tang chat luctng san pham trudc khi dua vao say trong thiet bi GBXHNGTHCL chiing tdi phai lam khd so

bP bang each phoi, thPng thoang trong bdng mat, sao eho do dm thdc dem vao say co,, < 17%, sau

đ theo doi qua trinh say eho den khi ket thiic qua trinh say ô = 13% (dp dm bao quan an loan), sáy giam 4% dp am

V PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU THI NGHIEM DON YEU TO

sáy bang GBXPINCniCL mdi dupe nghien ciiu ling dung d Viet Nam \^i vay de cd eae dCi

lieu phd hgp eho viec nghien ciiu thuc hien phucmg phap quy hoach hoa thi nghiem giai bai toan

nhidu muc tieu, ngoai viec tham khao tai lieu cua nude ngoai, thu thap y kien cua cae chuyen gia can phai nghien cUu thi nghiem don yéu td nguyen tdc chung cua phuong phap nay: CP' djnh cac ydu tP' khac va thay dPi mPt sP' yéu tP' de xac djnh anh hudng cua cac yeu td bien thien đ tcii

thPng sd muc tieu Qua d6 tham do dupe khoang nghidn cihi cho phep cua cac ydu t6 va anh hudng tdi gia tri cue tri cua ham muc tieu

Sau khi CO ke't qua nghien cihi thi nghiem chung tPi tidn hanh: Kidm tra gia thidt ddng nhdt phuong sai; tidn hanh thi nghiem lap lai 5 eac didm thi nghiem nhu nhau: m = m, m„ = 3

Vi vay CO thd kidm tra gia thidt ddng nhdt phuong sai theo chuan s6 kohren

U-dc lupng phuong sai gia trj quan sat tai mdi didm thi nghiem ngudi ta dupe tinh theo cdng thiic sau: :: ' ;>.:

" ' D —

-Z(y.-y)^

m „ - l = i

Trong dd y„i: gia trj thdng sd ra d diem u, Idn lap lai thii i

y ~ : gia trj Uung binh thuc nghiem eua thPng sd ra 6 didm u

— 1

y „ - — Z y a ; " i 2 N

m i=i

Uhg vdi N didm thi nghiem trong ke hoach thue nghiem c6 N udc lap S J Trong dd luPn luPn tdn tai gia trj Idn nhdt S^,, va gia trj nhd nhdt S ^ , Chudn Kohren la chudn dd kidm tra gia thidt khdng vd tfnh ddng nhdt phuong sai giiia eac bd chpn tap hpp day du, bdng each so sanh udc lupng Idn nhdt S ^ ^ eua phuong sai vdi tdng tdt ca udc lap phuong sai eiia cae bd theo G sP' sau:

f~^ _ max

; • < • ?

u.-^l

Trong dd: Bae tir do eiia tur sd (y) va eua mdu sd (k) la: _

y = m-1

k = N(m-l)

6 day m la sd Idn lap lai tbi nghiem tai didm ed udc lupng phuong sai cue dai

J-! - I

Bang 1 Anh hudrng ciia nhiet do bd mat Idrp thdc T^C de'n chi phi

dien nang rieng ER (KWh/Kg HjO) ^ _ T"C

35

40

45

50

55

ER(KWh/Kg HjO)

LRI

1,16

1,10

1,08

0,87

0,88

t^R2

1,18 1,20 1,00 1,00 0,86

LR3 1,23 1,12 1,07 0,92 0,81

ER

1,19 1,14 1,05 0,93 0,85

Phuong sai:

0,0018 0,0028 0,0019 0,0043 0,0013

Chu^n sd Kohren G

0,355

Hinh 1 Dd thj anh hudmg ciia nhiet dp den chi dien nang rieng

[

5(mm)

35

40

45

50

55

Bang 2 Anh hudmg ciia be day Idp thdc 5 (mm) den chi phi

dien n a n g rieng ER (KWh/Kg HjO) ER(KWh/]

t'Rl

1,00 1,12 1,08 1,12 1,21

ER2

1,08 1,08 1,00

1,16

1,25

Kg H , 0 )

^R3

0,98

1,10 1,07 1,20 1,29

ER 1,02

1,04

1,05

1,16

1,25

Phuomg sai: S^„

0,0028 0,0012 0,0019 0,0018 0,0016

C h u a n so Kohren G

0,373

00

c

o

00

c

c

<(U

1.4 1.2

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 ^ 0.2

0

Chieu day letp theSc say

55

Hinh 2 Do thj anh hudng cua chieu day ldp thdc say den chi phi dien nang rieng

Bang 3 Ket qua thuc nghiem anh hudmg ciia khoang each tir cac thanh hdng ngoai tdi be mat Idp thdc H (mm) den chi phi dien nang rieng ER (KWh/Kg H^G)

H

( m m )

60

65

70

75

80

E R ( K W

ER, 0,99

1,05

1,08

1,09

1,10

ER:

0,93

1 ,(X)

1,07

1,15 1,17

h/Kg H , 0 ) E^K, 1,02

1,04

1,00

1,06

1,18

!•:«

0,98

1,03

1.05 1,10 1.15 ^

Phuomg sai: S"u 0,0021 0,00105 0,00175 0,0017

Chudn sd | Kohren (T |

0,247

Bang 4 Anh hudmg ciia khoang each tu giira thanh hdng ngoai B (mm)

den chi phi dien nang rieng ER (KVl'h/Kg HjO)

B

(mm)

80

90

100

no

120

Ep (KWh/Kg H,0) ERI

0,98 1,00 1,08 1,20 1,28

E R , 0,97 1,06 1,00 1,13 1,24

F 0,90 0,97 1,07 1,18 1,20

ER 0,95 1,01 1,05 1,17 1,24

Phuong sai:

0,0019 0,0021 0,0019 0,0033 0,0016

Chuan sd Kohren G

0,305

Bang 5 Anh hudmg cua nhiet dp bd mat thoc say T'C den kha nang

nay mam ciia thdc M % T^C

35

40

45

50

55

Kha nang nay mdm M%

M,%

97,3

97,0

97,0

94,6

91,6

M 2 %

96,5 97,5 97,0 95,5 92,1

M 3 %

96,6 98,0 97,9 94,2 92,3

M%

96,8 97,5 97,3 95,1 92,0

Phuomg sai:

S^

0,19 0,25 0,27 0,21 0,13

Chuan sd Kohren G

0,257

Bang 6 Ket qua thuc nghiem anh hudmg ciia be day Idrp thoc say 5(mm) den

kha nang nay mam cua thdc M%

6(mm)

35

40

45

50

55

Kha nang nay mam M%

M,%

95,8 96,0 97,0 95,6 95,3

M^%

96,0 97,0 97,0 96,4 96,0

M 3 %

95,3 96,5 97,9 96,0 96,1

M%

95,7 96,5 97,3 96,0 95,8

Phuong sai: S \ 0,13 0,25 0,27 0,16 0,19

Chuan sd Kohren G

0,27

Bang 7 Ket qua thuc nghiem anh hudng cua khoang each tir cac thanh HN H(mm)

den kha nang nay mam cua thdc M%

H(mm)

60

65

70

75

80

Kha nang nay mam M%

M,%

87,0 91,3 97,0 93,6 91,8

M2%

86,0 90,8 97,0 94,5 91,4

M 3 %

97,0 91,4 97,9 94,5 92,3

M%

90,0 91,3 97,3 94,2 91,8

Phuong sai: S^„

0,37 0,21 0,17 0,27 0,205

Chuan sd Kohren G

0,302

Bang 8 Ke't qua thuc nghiem anh hudmg ciia khoang each giua cac thanh HN B(mm) den

kha nang nay mdm cua thoc M%

B(mm)

80

90

100

no

120

Kha nang ndy mam M%

M,%

95.4

96.0 97.0 96.9 96.3

M,%

94.5 97.0 97.0 97.4 96.3

M3%

95.1 96.4 97.9 96.4 96.9

M%

95.0 96.0 97.3 96.9 96.5

Phuomg sai: Sl,

0.31 0.26

0.27 0.25

0.165

Chuan so Kohren G

0.259

Bang 9 Ket qua thuc nghiem anh hudmg ciia nhiet dp be mat thoc say T^C

den sure nay mam ciia thdc S % T"C

35

40

45

50

55

Sdfc nay mam S % S,%

94,4 96,0

95,3 94,1

90,1

S,%

95,0 96,0 95,4

93,8 ^

90,9

S3%

95,3 95,4 96,1 92,9 90,5

S%

94,9 95,8 95,6 93,6 90,5

Phuomg sai: S^„

0,26 0,12 0,25 0,39 0,16

Chuan sd Kohren G

0,330

Vn THAO LUAN

1 Tat ca eae chudn so Kohren tfnh theo cac sd lieu thf nghiem deu nhd hem chudn sd Kohren

tra bang vdi eac y nghia a - 0,05 bac tu elo cua mdu sd K = 10, bac tu de) ciia tir sd y = 2

G < G (0,05-2,10) = 0,44.50 Nhu vay phuong sai d cac sd lieu thf nghiem la eleing nhai, cac gia thiet vc sd lieu thf nghiem

la thi'ch hgp

2 Chi phf dien nang rieng giam khi nhiet elo be mat the')c say tang, ehi phi dien nang rieng

tang khi tang chidu day ldp thdc say tang khoang each tir cac thanh GBXIINGDHCL de'n be mat sdy va khoang each gitra cac thanh GBXHNGTHCL

3 Kha nang nay mdm va sire nay mam cua thdc tang cao trong khoang nhiet do 40-50"C, khoang each tii cac thanh GllXI INC.TI ICL den hd mat le'rp theic say tii 60-80 mm, khoang each giaa cae thanh GBXHNGTHCL tir 90 -110 mm

4 De CO chi phi nang luong rieng thfch herp nang suai cua thiei bj tuetng ddi eao, kha nang ndy rndm va siic nay mdm cao, thao tac van hanh thiei bi thuan tien, ehi phf dau tu thiet hi tha'p nen chpn khoang bie'n thien cua cac ydu td cho vice nghien ciiu quy hoach hda thuc nghiem bae hai va nghien cihi ke hoach thue nghiem nhidu muc tieu nen chon nhu sau: Nhiet dp be mat leip say: 40°C < T < 5()"C

Chieu day ldp bat: 40 mm < 5 < 50 mm

Khoang each giira thanh gei'm tdi be mat le'rp say: 60 mm < 11 < 80 mm

Khoang each giiia thanh gdm vc'ri nhau: 90 mm < B < 110mm

SITJDY ON D P : S I G N AND MANUFAfTTUKE OF GRAIN DRYING tX^UIPMl<:NTS

USING NARROW-RANGE IN?RARtT) RADLVTION CERAMICS

Pham Diic Viet

Post Harvest iechiwlogy Institute

The thesis has carried out research and determination of some optimal parameters for design and manufacture of narrow-range infrared radiation (NRIR) equipments for drying grains The main researched factors include temperature, thickness of grain layer, distance from NRIR ceramic pieces to grain layer's surface and distance between NRIR ceramic pieces The NRIR drying equipments require low energy supply, ensure dried grains' quality and germination capacity, and convenience in use