Tuy nhien, mot thuc te hien nay la nhiing tau danh bat thuy san d nude ta ndi chung va tinh Nghe An ndi rieng deu thudc loai tau nho, do cac ngu dan tu lien he dl ddng nen hau nhu khdng
Trang 1tiUAi tiunu ivn-vn
UNG DUNG PHAN MEM THIET KE TAU CA V6 GO
TR€N Oil) BnN TINH NGHC DN
• N g u y i n Chi Lujcng
Chi cue Bao ve nguon liyi thuy sin
I Dat van de
Phan mem thilt kl tau ca la phin
mem co tinh nang giiip cac con tau ddng
ra cd dugc mau ma dep, phii hgp vdi cac
tieu chuan ky thuat, quy pham ddng tau
ciia Nha nude quy dinh Tuy nhien, mot
thuc te hien nay la nhiing tau danh bat
thuy san d nude ta ndi chung va tinh
Nghe An ndi rieng deu thudc loai tau
nho, do cac ngu dan tu lien he dl ddng
nen hau nhu khdng cd thiet ke ky thuat,
ma chii yeu ddng theo kinh nghiem va
mau dan gian truyen thdng ciia tiing dia
phuong Hd so thiet ke hoan cdng tau
chi dugc tien hanh lap trong khi ddng
hoac sau khi dong xong Do do, dudng
hinh thudng dugc xay dung tren co sd
do dac va ve lai mau tau da ddng Trong
thdi gian gin day, khi ma cac ca quan
quan ly nha nude yeu cau cac tau nghi
ca dong mdi phai cd hd so thiet ke ky
thuat thi qua trinh thiet ke dudng hinh
ciia loai tau nay ndi chung thudng cung
chi diing lai d viec ve dudng hinh theo
cac mau tau cd san bang phan mem
thdng dung Autocad va thuc hien tinh
toan tinh nang tau theo chuang trinh do
mdt s i nha thilt kl tau tu vilt, chii ylu
dua vao cac phuong phap tinh truyin
thdng Dieu do gay nen nhieu vin dl
phuc tap trong cdng tac quan ly ky thuat
va anh hudng xiu din su an toan va hieu
qua khai thae tau ca
Ddng tau ca vd go la nghi truyin
thong d nhieu dja phuang ven bien ciia
tinh Nghe An Hien nay, hoat dgng khai
thae thuy san tren dia ban tinh phat triln manh, nhieu ngu dan da dau tu ddng mdi tau khai thae xa bd nen nghi nay
cd dieu kien phat triln hon Bai toan thilt kl dudng hinh tau phii hgp vdi cac yeu cau thuc t l da dang ciia tau nghi
ca nham dinh hinh mau tau chuan cho dja phuang la van
de cd y nghTa quan trgng, dang dugc co quan quan ly nude ta quan tam
2 Noi dung va phuo'ng phap nghien cu'u
Nghien ciiu xay dung phuang phap va thuat toan tu ddng hoa thilt kl toi uu dudng hinh, bat dau tir khau xac dinh dac diem hinh hgc, ve dudng hinh, tinh toan tinh nang dap ung yeu cau thuc te da dang va phong phu cua tau nghi ca Viet Nam
Viet phan mem thiet ke tdi uu dudng hinh mau tau ca Viet Nam, su dung don gian, nhanh chdng, true quan nham hudng tdi ngudi diing la cac co sd ddng tau go d cac dia phuong
Khao sat thuc t l dl xay dung nhiem vu thu (NVT) thiet ke dap ling yeu cau tau ca hien nay va ve }ai dudng hinh cac mau tau dan gian dien hinh tiing dja phuang Xay dung phuong phap va thuat toan tinh toi uu dac diem hinh hgc tau dap ling cac yeu cau nhiem vu thu thiet
ke va cac yeu ciu ciia ham muc tieu dat ra
Xay dung phuang phap va thuat,toan ve dudng hinh dap ling dac diem hinh hgc tdi uu, da chgn va phii hgp mau dan gian ciia tiing dia phuang ,
Nghien ciiu thuat toan tir dgng hoa tinh toan tinh nang hang hai cua tau
3 Cac van de can giai quyet cua phan mem
3.1 Bac diim nhiem vu thu thiit ke tau cd Viet Nam
Khao sat thuc t l nhan thiy, ngoai cac ndi dung quy dinh, cin bd sung them cac ngi dung can thiet trong NVT khi thilt kl tau ca nude ta dl dap ling yeu ciu vl ngu trudng, kilu dang, tinh nang, kha nang ddng theo mlu dan gian
Trang 2HOAT DONG KH-CN
Cdc kich thuac chinh: Theo de nghj
cua ngu dan hoac bi han che bdi cac
dieu kien vl ngu trudng khai thae, ludng
lach, bai dau
He dong luc: Yeu cau ve cdng suat
may chinh hoac toe do tau
Mdu taw Yeu ciu theo miu dja
phuang de phii hgp vdi ngu trudng danh
bat, thdi quen, y thich, kha nang thi cdng
tau vd go
Ham muc tieu: Yeu cau ve tinh nang
tau thiet ke, do chii tau hay ngudi thiet
ke dua ra de lira chgn tii uu dac dilm
hinh hgc tau nhu trgng tai hay siic chd,
tdc do hay cdng suat may, cac dai lugng
dac, trung tinh nang nhu chieu cao tam
In djnh ho, chu ky lie T
3.2 Thuat todn tinh toi leu dac diem
hinh hgc tdu
Dac diem hinh hgc la cac dac trung
kich thudc va hinh dang hinh hgc tau
gdm cac kich thudc chinh L, B, H, T,
cac ty s i kich thudc L/B, B/H, H/T va
cac he sd hinh dang a, P, 5
Dac diem hinh hgc la ca sd dl xac
djnh cac tinh nang va cac chi tieu kinh te
ky thuat tau nen viec tinh chinh xac,
hgp ly cac dai lugng nay cd vai trd va y
nghTa quan trgng V l nguyen tic, cac
dac diem hinh hgc toi uu ciia tau thilt ke
dugc xac djnh tren co sd hai yeu cau
chinh:
Ddp img cdc yeu cau dat ra trong
NVT
Ddm bdo cdc tinh ndng tdu tdt nhdt
vd ddp img cdc chi tieu kinh te - ky thuat
tien tien
Cd nhilu phuang phap nhung chi cho
phep tinh gin diing va khdng chii ddng
dap ling yeu cau ciia NVT khi thiet ke
tau
Phin mIm su dung thuat toan, tam
ggi la thudt todn so sdnh cdc phuang dn,
xay dung tren co sd:
+ Thilt lap tit ca cac phuang an phdi
hgp cac dac dilm hinh hgc cd the xay ra
dii vdi loai tau thiet ke
+ Tinh toan tinh nang va cac chi tieu
kinh t l ky thuat cac phuang an vira xay
dung
+ So sanh cac phuang an de chgn phuang an tau hgp
ly nhit theo ham muc tieu dat ra
Tdm t i t trinh tu:
Xac dinh pham vi thay ddi dac diem hinh hgc cua loai tau thiet ke
(L/B)min<L/B <(L/B)max amin < a < amax
(B/H)min < B/H < (B/H)max Pmin < P < Pmax
(H/T)min < H/T < (H/T)max 5min < 6 < 5max
- Lap tat ca phuang an dac diem hinh hgc cd the xay ra doi vdi tau thiet ke bang each thay ddi gia trj ciia tiing dac dilm hinh hgc vdi gia so (hay budc nhay) nhit dinh Ai trong gidi han cua chiing
Phuang an 1: (L/B)min, (B/H)min, (H/T)min, amin, 5min
Phuang an 2: (L/B)min + Ai, (B/H)min, (H/T)min, amin, 5min
Phuong an n: (L/B)max, (B/H)max, (H/T)max, amax, 5max
Tinh tinh nang va cac chi tieu kinh t l ky thuat li'ng vdi tung phuang an dac dilm hinh hgc da cd: Diing cac chi tieu kinh te - ky thuat tien tien lam ham muc tieu de chgn phuang an tau hgp ly nhit trong tit ca phuong an tau da tinh
Xay dung cac ham muc tieu:
+ Ham muc tieu ve trong tdi:
Chgn phuang an cd trgng tai D Idn nhat (5 Idn) trong cac phuang an cd ciing tdc do V vdi gia tri 5 nhd hon gia tri gidi han 5gh xac dinh nhim han che viec tang siic can hay cdng suat may qua miic
+ Ham muc tieu ve tdc do:
Chgn phuong an cd toe do V Idn nhat trong cac phuang an cd cimg trgng tai D va nhd hon gia tri gidi han Vgh xac dinh nham han che viec tang sue can hay cdng suat may qua miic
+ Ham muc tieu ve chu ky lac:
Chgn phuang an tau lie em nhat tren co sd xac dinh ty
SO B/H dam bao chu ky lac tau nam trong pham vi 4 den 6 giay (hoac ngudi sii dung tu cho gia tri chu ky lie nlu mudn)
3.3 Thuat todn ve dudng hinh theo md hinh 3D
Ve dudng hinh tdu mdu:
Ve dudng hinh thuc t l 2D mSu tau ca diln hinh tirng dia phuang
Nhap toa do vao chuang trinh dh ve dudng hinh tau
miu 2D nay nhim liy hinh dang ben ngoai cho tau thilt
ke de dap ling yeu cau phii hgp mau dan gian, vat li$u go, thdi quen va kha nang thi cdng
Trang 3n\
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ve dl tao md hinh 3D dang khoi mat (surfaces)
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i.^ F<2 dudng hinh tdu thiet ke
Ducmg hinh tdu thiet ke se duac ve
theo duong hinh 3D ciia tdu mdu bang
cdch dieu chinh mo hinh 3D tdu mdu
den cdc thong so hinh hoc cdn thiet ciia
tdu thiet ke theo trinh tu
Diing each ve ddng dang vdi cac ty le
ddng dang kich thudc de chuyin md
hinh tau mau 3D v l cac kich thudc ciia
tau thiet ke
Diing ngdn ngii lap trinh LISP cd trong cac chuang trinh CAD phan tich thdng tin md hinh khii mat 3D tau d mdn nude da cho de tinh dac tinh hinh hgc ciia md hinh khdi mat bilu diln b l mat vd tau nhu dien tich MDN, the
tich phin chim, toa do tam ndi , co sd dh tinh toan chinh
xac gia trj cac he sd hinh dang a, 5
Dung thuat toan vdng lap, thuat toan hay dung trong lap trinh vdi gia trj he sd hinh dang a, 5 da cho trudc la
dilu kien thoat vdng lap, dk tinh va dilu chinh din MDN
Trang 4HOAT OdNG KH-CN
va MCN cua md hinh tau 3D da ve d
tren cho din khi dat dugc gia trj he so
hinh dang a, 5 da cho
Qua trinh dieu chinh bit diu tii md
hinh tau 3D da ddng dang tir tau mlu
vdi gia tri he s i a, 5 da tinh nhd cac
lenh phan tich thdng tin khdi mat
Bing thuat toan vdng lap, may tinh
se tinh toan va dilu chinh din toan bd bl
mat vd tau, dugc hilu nhu la qua trinh
nan deu cac be mat cong vd tau theo ba
chieu trong khdng gian cho din vi tri
tuong li'ng gia trj a, 5 da cho
3.5 Tu- dgng hod thiet ke vd ve 3D chan vit
Chan vjt cd anh hudng Idn din hieu qua lam viec tau nen tu dgng hoa thilt kl va chi tao chan vjt tren may cdng nghe cao la vin dl cd y nghTa quan trgng va hien rat dugc quan tam
Cac ngi dung can nghien ciiu:
Xay dung thuat toan va viet chuang trinh tinh toan, thiet ke chan vit
Xay dung thuat toan va viet chuang trinh ve md hinh khdng gian 3D canh chan vjt theo cac thdng sd thiet ke Nghien ciiu chuyen md hinh chan vjt khdng gian 3D
sang cac phin mIm CAD/CAM de chi tao chan vjt tren
may phay cdng nghe cao
Sff do thuat toan chu'o'ng trinh thiet ke toi u'u dirdng hinh tau dap ung nhu cau da dang
cua nghe ca Viet Nam
NHAP SO U $ U D A U V A O (NHI|M Vi; THU)
NHAPTOAEODU'dNG HINH TAU MAU
1 KiCH THUdC CHiNH
l.CWeudM L =
2.CIuiuir$ngtlia B
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4.Clueucaoilia H
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TH6NOS0KHAC
l.Tipngtlitloa D = 2.Sux: ch& cQa tkt P = 3.Cong salt migr N » 4.T0Cdetail V »
S.Cluk^lic X »=
HAM MUC TIEU
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iJiilm VTj thTT VSL him mx^ tilu d$t ra
VS diromg hinh ciia tin thiet ke dang 2D v i 3D theo h b h dang mau tiu hja chpn
v & d a p u n s c a c i ^ dtlmhitkhhocdaxicdinh
• 1 Tfxih tinh nang tin thilt U theo
tn^ren thfiitg & theo m6 hinh 3D
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Hinh 3.1 : So do khoi chuxmg trinh thiet ke du6nghinh t4u c4 ddp <tD% nhu cau thuc te
Trang 5HOAT DONG KH-CN
San pham tau ca vd gd
4 Ket qua wng dung
Phan mem thiet ke tdi uu dudng
hinh dap ling nhu cau da dang tau ca tii
xac dinh dac diem hinh hgc tdi uu, cho
den ve dudng hinh, tinh toan cac tinh
nang, tinh siic can va chan vjt theo md
hinh 3D dugc truy xuat sang ban ve 2D
Hien nay, phan mem da dugc
chuyen giao cho mdt sd don vj thiet ke
tai Nghe An: Cdng ty TNHH 1 thanh
vien dong tau thuyen Hai Chau; Hgp
tac xa ddng tau thuyen Trung Kien;
Cong ty TNHH cdng trinh thuy bd
Xuan Phii va da dugc ling dung thiet ke
tau ca dat ket qua tdt Ben canh dd da
xay dung dugc 10 bg mau tau ca truyin
thong cho tinh Nghe An va da dugc
ling dung trong san xuat dap ling dugc
nhu cau, giam kinh phi cho ba con ngu dan Ket qua: Cdng ty TNHH 1 thanh vien ddng tau thuyen Hai Chau thiet kl ddng mdi 02 tau; Hgp tae xa ddng tau thuyen Trung Kien thilt kl, ddng mdi 07 tau; Cdng ty TNHH cdng trinh thuy bd Xuan Phii thiet ke ky thuat 10 tau
Hudng phat trien trong thdi gian tdi: Ap dung co sd ly thuyet va thpat toan trong phan mem de viet phan mem thiet ke dudng hinh tdi uu mot sd loai tau khac nhu tau cao tdc, tau du Ijch, tau giao thdng ; Nghien ciiu thuat toan chuyin md hinh 3D ciia vat the tii' khdi mat sang khoi ran (solid) de xac djnh cac dac tinh ve khdi lugng, co sd
de giai quyet nhieu bai toan quan trgng khac; Phat trien cac ling dung tren md hinh 3D be mat vd tau va chan vjt
de ling dung phuang phap phan tu huu han phan tich do ben tdng the ket cau than tau hoac do ben canh chan vjt nhd md hinh khdng gian 3D, bai todn md phdng chuyen dgng cua chan vjt./
Tai lieu tham lihao
1 TS.Pham Ngpc Hoe, Nghien cint thiet ke cdc loai tdu cd ca nho co khd ndng hoat dong tren viing
bien Tnrdng Sa-dkl
2 H6 Quang Long, Sd tay thiit ki tdu thiiy, Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat
3 TS.Tran Gia Thai, Ly thuyet tdu thuy, Truang Dai hpc Nha Trang, luu hanh npi bO
4 TrSn Cong Nghj, S6 tay thiit ki tdu thuy, Nxb Xay dirng
5 TrSn Cong Nghi, Ly thuyit tdu thuy, tap 1, Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP H6 Chi Minh
6 Dang icilm Viet Nam, (2002), Qui pham phdn cdp vd dong tdu cd biin cct nho Vi?t Nam (TCVN
7111:2002)
7 PGS.TS Nguyin Dure An, Ly thuyit tdu thuy, tSp 1, Nxb Giao thong van tai, Hk NOi, 2004