Cie nganh cdng nghiep va 0 mdt so' vung ndng thdn mien nui, ba con dich vu ndng thdn tang tQ 10 -f 12%/nam da van san xua't theo phQdng thQc tQ eung, tQ tao dieu kien giai quye't viec l
Trang 1Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trign 2010: Tap 8, sd 3: 505 - 518 T R U ' 6 N G DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQl
TiNH TOAN, THIET KE VA CHE TAG M A U LO DOT THAN QUY MO NHO (LTD 1,0) DE SAY KHO VA BAO QUAN NONG SAN
Calculating, Designing and Manufacturing the Pilot-Scale
Prototype-Coal Furnace ( L D T LO) to Dry and Process Agricultural Products
Nguyen Dinh Tiing
Khoa Ca dien, Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi Dja chi email tie gia lien l a c ndlung@hua.edu.vn Ngay giri ddng: 29.01.2010: Ngay chdp nhan: 15.03.2010
TOM TAT
Muc tieu cua nghien cii'u la tinh toan, thiet l<e va che tao m l u 16 dot than cho he thong say vi ngang vo'i cong suat quy mo nho de lam kho cac san pham nong nghiep Lo dot than LDT 1,0 da du'O'c
t h i l t y.k va ch§ tao tai Bp mon Cong nghe Co" l<hi, Khoa Co' dien, Tru'O'ng Bai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi
Lo dot than nay co cau tao do'n gian, V.\cY\ thu'O'C chieu dai 0,95 m, chieu rpng 0,45 m va chieu cao 0,5 m
Lo nay co th§ su' dung d6i vo'i he thPng s l y tmh d l lam kho cac san p h i m nong nghiep, vo'i nang s u i t cua he thdng vao khoang 1 tan/me
TIP khoa: He t h o n g say, 16 dot than, nong san
SUMMARY
The objectives of this study were to calculate, design and manufacture a coal furnace prototype with horizontal grating drying-system at pilot scale to dry agricultural products The coal furnace LDT 1.0 was designed and manufactured at the Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Agriculture Simply structured, the LOT 1.0 had a dimension of 0.95m In length, 0.45m in width and 0.5m in height with a capacity of approximately 1.0 ton per batch The furnace can be used as a static drying system for drying agricultural products Key w o r d s : Agricultural products, coal furnace, drying system
1 T)AT VAN! F)E •, •, > ' •,
1 ui\L v/\iN ijn, y^gg jj^Q quan va che bien ndng san nen tdn
Trong nhQng nam qua, san xui't ndng, that sau thu hoach cdn Idn, nhieu san pham lam, ngQ nghiep lien tue p h i t trien vdi td'c dp ndng san (ngd, d i u dd, khoai tay ) khdng
k h i nhanh, tren 4,3%/nam (Nguyin Dinh dap Qng dQpc yeu cau eua san xui't hang hoi
Tung va cs., 2005) Cie nganh cdng nghiep va 0 mdt so' vung ndng thdn mien nui, ba con
dich vu ndng thdn tang tQ 10 -f 12%/nam da van san xua't theo phQdng thQc tQ eung, tQ tao dieu kien giai quye't viec lam cho ngudi ci'p, ddi sd'ng cdn nhieu khd khan (Nguyin lao ddng (Nguyin DQe Dung, 2005) Ddi sd'ng Dinh Tung v i es., 2005)
ndng d i n d nhieu vung dupe cai thien rd ret Theo d i n h gia cua eie nha chuyen mdn Tuy nhien, viec p h i t trien s i n xui't ndng thi gid'ng eiy la ye'u td quye't dinh h i n g d i u nghiep trong thdi gian qua mdi chu trpng de'n nang s u i t v i chi't iQpng san pham "Vdi tang san lupng, chQa quan tam dung mQc tdi dieu kien khi hau va d i e diem thdi vu gieo
505
Trang 2Nghien cQu, tinh toan, thiet ke va che tao miu 16 dot than quy mo nho (LTD 1,0) Se say kho
trdng nQdc ta thi viec d i p Qng du gid'ng eay
(ea ve so' lUdng va cha't iQpng) la ye'u td' ei'p
thiet can dupe quan t i m (Nguyen Dinh Tung
vacs., 2005)
Trong san xui't ndng nghiep d nQdc ta,
ngd la cay iQPng thQc quan trpng sau cay
lua Ngoai ra, ngd cdn dung lam thQc an cho
chan nudi, la nguyen lieu ehinh eho nhieu
nganh cdng nghiep ehe bie'n k h i e nhU: b i n h
keo, nQdc giai k h i t (Nguyen Dinh TQng va
es., 2005) T h i n va ldi ngd dQpc dung lam
nguyen lieu san xui't giiy, spi hcac lam cd
chi't trong san xui't va nudi trong ni'm
(Nguyin DQe Dung, 2005)
TQ vai trd v i nhQng cdng dung neu tren,
viee nghien cQu, tinh toin, thie't ke va ehe
tao m i u Id dd't (LD) than phuc vu eho say va
bao quan ngd gid'ng la ri't ei'p thie't Ld dot
de cap d diy, dUdc thiet ke va che tao dQa
tren sQ cai tien nguyen ly LD nguyen lieu
ran dung cho m i y say tinh vi ngang de say
ngd hat ("ngd thit") va san lam thQc an cho
gia sue da dQde chuyen giao eho Thai Binh,
Ba 'Vi va Hai Phdng Tuy nhien, dd'i vdi viec
say ngd gid'ng, ngoai viee dam bao hat khdng
bi "che't phdi" de cd the nay mam td't, cdn
phai ehu y den mau sac cua hat gid'ng Do dd
LD n i y da dQpc cai tie'n d bp phan d i p tan IQa
de han che mudi than b i m vao hat ngd va bp
phan "le gid" dieu ehinh nhiet dp cua khi ndng
khi vao bin say Ket qua nghien cQu nay cho
phep Qng dung vdi nhQng san pham ndng
nghiep khic khi can thie't
2 P H U O N G P H A P N G H I E N ClTU
Phan tich eie tinh chi't hoat ddng, pham
VI Qng dung va die biet l i phan tich
Qu-nhupe diem cua mdt sd' loai Id da dupe sQ
dung d 'Viet Nam va mdt sd' nQdc tren the
gidi, tQ dd de dQa ra dQde mpt m l u Id dd't
nguyen lieu ran thay the nhU: than, eic vien
ep tQ phu p h i m ndng nghiep (vo tra'u, rdm
ra, ba mia .) n h i m k h i e phuc met sd
nhUde diem eua chung
3 THUC TRANG NGHIEN CUtJ, tiNG DUNG M O T S O LOAI L O DOT
NGUYEN LIEU RAN 6 VIET NAM
VA THE GlOl
3.1 Mot so l o a i 16 d o t n g u y e n l i e u r a n or Viet N a m
Viec Qng dung Id say vao bao quan va che bie'n eac san pham nong nghiep da dQpc
i p dung tQ l i u vdi nhieu kieu d i n g va md hinh k h i c nhau Ddn gian nhi't la viee i p dung eic loai LD thu cdng nhQ cie bep than to' ong, LD than, bep cui de tao nhiet cho he thd'ng say
• Ld ddt vdi budng dot dang tru cua miy say hat gidng (Hinh 1), loai Id nay cd Qu diem la sQ dung cie phu pham ndng nghiep (tri'u, mun cQa, vo c i phe, ba mia), tuy nhien lupng nhiet tao ra la khdng Idn bdi vi nhiet tri cua sinh khd'i khdng eao, vao khoang 15,0 18 MJ/kg nguyen lieu (Nguyen Dinh Tung, 2008) nhd hdn so vdi nguyen lieu eo ngudn gd'e hda thach nhQ: than d i , than nau, diezel vao khoang 28 35 MJ/kg nguyen lieu (Tung va cs., 2009) Ngoai ra, nguyen lieu chiy khdng „dupm", do v i y ddi hdi phai
ed sQ ehu y nhieu hdn cua ngQdi sQ dung
• Ld dot than dung khdi Id lam t i e nhan say (Hinh 2), ed eau tao kha ddn gian, de che tao Tuy nhien, vdi loai Id nay thi ehi nen dung de say ndng san khdng cd yeu elu k b i t khe ve dp i m khdi, i m mui Loai Id nay eung
ed the dUde dung vdi m i y say tinh de say thdc, dau dd, san eu, lam thQc an eho gia sue Han che eua loai Id nay la kha nang hda trdn giQa khdi Id va khdng khi kem, iQdng bui tro nhieu va tieu hao nhien lieu Idn
• Ld dd't cui, cui b l p chiy ngudc (Hinh 3), Icai Id nay cd the sQ dung nguyen lieu la cui, cui blp, vd diu phdng, thQdng dQde dung khi say d i u phdng, ca phe Kieu Id nay tupng tQ nhQ kieu Id d hinh 1 Cha't iQpng khdi cua loai
Id nay sach hdn, iQdng bui tro it hdn Tuy nhien, gii thanh gia cdng va che tao cao hdn
Trang 3Nguyen Dinh Tung
P i ^ i i l S R
CiNG rnUNG Tfl
Kri-'jnp MM iruf rrtp
fF/r^faffi
t><!n ^ 1 , / i
l- ?u J
Hinh 1 Lo dot vdi b u o n g dot
dang tru (Phan Hie'u Hien, 2000)
Hinh 2 Lo dot t h a n diing khoi 16 lam t i c
n h a n say (Nguyen Van Khoe va cs., 2000)
1- budng dd't; 2- thong gid; 3- pha loang khong khi; 4-, 5- lang bui; 6- cQa dan khdi; 7- budng dap tan; 8- tac nhan say; 9- van khoi; 10- ong khi thai; 11- cQa cap khi pha loang
Hinh 3 L6 dot ciii, cvii bap chay ngifprc (Phan Hie'u Hien, 2000) 3.2 Mot so loai 16 dot n g u y e n lieu ran
tren the gidi
Budng dd't nei rieng va LD dung eho
thie't hi say ndi chung ed nhieu diem k h i e
nhau ed ban so vdi eie LD dung trong cdng
nghiep luyen nung
Lien Xd (eu) la mdt trong nhQng nudc cd
nen khoa hpe ky thuat p h i t trien cao, phuc
vu eho cd khi hda va tu ddng hda san xua't
ndng nghiep, dd la linh vQc sd ehe, bao quan
va che bien eie san p h i m ndng nghiep, trong
dd ed linh vQc siy Vi v i y viee Qng dung cdng
nghe siy vio viee sd che va bao quan eie san
pham ndng nghiep da dupe i p dung k h i pho
bien Hinh 4 gidi thieu mdt trong nhieu kieu
LD phuc vu eho eic kieu say k h i c nhau da
dupc i p dung vao san xua't P Lien Xd cu
Loai LD than kieu dQng eho may si'y ngu cdc
nay cd ciu tao k h i phQc tap, gii thanh ehe
tao tQdng dd'i eao, chi thich hpp vdi quy md
cdng nghiep Cie kieu LD sinh kho'i (SK) eiia Cdng hda Lien bang DQe va mdt so' nQdc
k h i c tren the gidi lam viec theo nguyen ly dd't chay SK, phan Idn sii dung de tao ra nhiet trong cie LD cd nhd va trung binh nhQ eic LD gd Id hdi dd't go mieng, eic LD go vien va eic LD rdm ra Nhiet thu dupe nay thudng dupe dung cho cie he thd'ng ehe bie'n vdi cdng sua't nhiet nam trong khoang 0,1 -0,5 MW (Tung, 2009) Cie thie't bi nay cd sQ
k h i c biet d t r a n g t h i i "ddng" dd't va "kieu" cung cap nguyen lieu eho chung (Hinh 5, 6, 7) Ldi ich cua viec dd't c h i y h o i n toan dat hieu qua cao trong eae kieu Id cd nhd Kieu
LD ngUpc ddng (Hinh 5) da dQde gidi thieu
va Qng dung trong kieu dd't hai giai doan Trong eic he thd'ng LD gd mieng vdi hieu sua't thi'p nen t r i n h sQ t h o i t ra ri't nhieu cua eic hdp chat g i y d nhiim mdi trQdng do chiy khdng triet de
507
Trang 4Nghien ciru, tinh toan, thilt ke va chi tao mau Id ddt than quy md nho (LTD 1,0) de say kho
Hinh 4 L6 dot t h a n kieu dijfng
cho may say ngu coc
(Klexkina, M J 1967)
Hinh 5 Cac k i e u LD go m i e n g chay ngifOc
(trai), chay phia dxidi (phai)
(Hartmann, H et al., 2007)
1, 15- khoang chQa nhien lieu; 2, 14- vung chay vdi hoa khi; 3, 13- cung cap khong khi sd cap;
4, 12- cung cap khdng khi thQ cap; 5, 17- buong dd't sau; 6- khdi Id thoit ra; 7, 8- trao doi nhiet; 9- quat hut; 10- kenh chay rd'i; 11- budng tro;
16- cQa tran
Hinh 6 LD rotai, ra, co
(Scholz, v., 1997)
1- Idp each nhiet; 2- nUdc;
3- buong dot; 4- van chia lieu;
5- vit tai cung cap;
6- quat thdi nhien lieu;
7-16 nghien;
8- dao nao; 9- tudng each nhiet;
10- cyclone; 11- quat hut khdi 16
Hinh 7 LD tang soi tinh (SFBC) (Steinbrecht, D., 2008)
1- khdi 16; 2, 10- khong khi thQ cap; 3- dUdng cung cap chat long; 4- ddng khong khi vao tao xoay; 5- dd't moi; 6- v6i phun; 7- vat lieu trp dd't; 8- cung cap nhien lieu rin; 9- cung cap chat xue tac; 11- khoang tren 16; 12- Idp thep chiu nhiet; 13- Idp each nhiet
Trang 5NguySn Dinh Tiing
Cie kieu LD dung eic vat lieu rdm, ra,
cd va cie vat lieu dang cudn (bd, binh) eung
dupc quan tam p h i t trien Ben canh dd, tQng
loai Id k h i c nhau dQde van hanh vdi cie kieu
16 ghi de dd't cac vat lieu dang cudn
(Nussbaumer, 2003) (Hinh 6)
Cie kieu LD tang sdi dupe thie't ke da
dang de dd't chiy cd hieu qua eie trang t h i i
eua nhien lieu va trong mdi trQPng c h i p
nhan dQpc eho eic trang t h i i Qng dung k h i c
nhau Die biet la cdng nghe dd't tang sdi tinh
(Hinh 7) (engl - Stationary Fluidized Bed
Combustion- SFBC) ChQng ed the dupe van
h i n h d i p s u i t tQ nhien va dieu i p (Tung,
2009) NhQng loai LD nay thQPng sQ dung de
dd't phe li§u SK hoac hdn hdp SK va eic phu
pham cua nganh cdng - ndng nghiep
(Nussbaumer, 2003), cung nhQ eic phu
pham ndng nghiep sau thu hoach, phu pham
nganh cdng nghiep ehe bie'n ndng - lam san,
eic nganh cdng nghiep giay va x i y dung
(Tung, 2009) (Hinh 7)
Trong eic LD tang sdi g i n nhQ ddng
nhi't ve trang thai nhiet dp, ndng dp, kha
dung cho chat iQpng c h i y sach va giam thieu
cie thanh p h i n phat thai ra khdng khi
(Tung, 2009)
Dd'i vdi eic loai LD SK nay, ben canh
mdt so' Qu diem nhQ neu tren, cdn cd nhupe
diem la ke't ca'u phQc tap, g i i t h a n h che tao
va van hanh eao Do dd eic kieu LD nay chua that phu hpp vdi dieu kien cua Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay
Dd'i vdi LD nguyen lieu r a n dQng eho thie't bi si'y thQdng dQde duy tri vdi cQdng dp chiy tha'p, sQ c h i y eua nhien lieu phai dQpc dien ra mpt cich hoan toan va vdi he sd' khdng khi thQa ra't Idn, do dd m i iQpng tieu hao khdng khi eho 1 kg nhien lieu eung ra't Idn (Nguyin Dinh Tung va cs., 2005) Cie
LD dung eho si'y cd dac diem quan trpng, anh hUdng tdi cie giai p h i p , hieu sui't va hieu qua kinh te eiia viee dung khdi Id lam
t i c nhan si'y Dd la vat lieu c i n si'y thudng yeu eau nhiet dp si'y nhd hdn ri't nhieu so vdi nhiet dp eua khdi Id (Nguyen Dinh Tung
va cs., 2005) Vi vay sau khi hoan ta't sQ chay, khdi 16 e i n dQpc pha loang, hda trdn vdi khdng khi ed nhiet dp thi'p hdn de dat dQpc nhiet dp si'y c i n thie't cho nguyen lieu si'y tQPng Qng Vi'n de dat ra la c i n phai dieu ehinh va khdng che dQpc nhiet dp si'y trong khoang nhiet dp nhi't dinh DQa vio dieu kien thQc te eua Viet Nam, ddng thdi phai d i p Qng dQpc cac yeu cau kinh te, ky thuat dat ra nhQ da phan tich tren day, sd
dd nguyen ly cua m i u LD nguyen lieu ran (than di) da dQpc nghien cQu, tim hieu va de xui't nhQ d hinh 8
4 zjai
-v
_ 1 f
-_ - 1 1
>
3rr 3—=
1
'!-,.M
Hinh 8 N g u y e n ly cau tao mau LD t h a n dving cho mo h i n h say tinh
nang sua't 1 tan/me (Tung va cs., 2005)
1- le dieu chinh gio lanh; 2- kenh cap khi lanh; 3- dng khdi; 4- budng hda khi sd cap; 5- buong hda khi thQ cap: 6- cUa dan khi: 7- budng lang bui thd cap; 8- buong lang bui sd cap; 9- buong chQa tro xi; 10- ghi 16; 11- cQa thong gio va ra xi; 12- cQa cap than; 13- buong d5't
509
Trang 6Nghien ciru, tinh toan, thilt ke va chi tao mlu 16 ddt than guy mo nho (LTD 1,0) d l say kho
4 KET (3UA TINH TOAN, THIET KE
LODOT
Qua nghien cQu tdng quan viee Qng
dung Id si'y trong bao quan ndng san tren
the gidi va d Viet Nam, nghien cQu n i y dUa
ra md hinh Id si'y dd't t h a n b i n g i i n tie'p, ghi
phang Md hinh n i y cd Qu diem la ke't eau
ddn gian, de gia cdng ehe tao va ed the Qng
dung rdng rai trong linh vQc sP - bao quan va
ehe bie'n ndng san De thie't ke dQde mau Id
do't, e i n g i n nd vdi bin si'y de tao t h i n h md
hinh si'y h o i n ehinh (Hinh 9)
4.1 T i n h t o a n h e t h o n g s a y
4.1.1 Yeu cau thiet ke
Tinh toin, thie't ke he thd'ng 16 dd't than
b i n trQc tie'p phuc vu viee si'y ngd vdi mpt
nang sui't nhi't dinh n i o dd (ti'n/me) 0 day
vdi dieu kien chUa cho phep, nghien cQu nay
mdi ehi thiet ke dQdi dang md hinh thi
nghiem vdi nang sui't la 1 ti'n/me
4.1.2 Dieu hien thie't ke
N i n g s u i t md hinh si'y 1 ti'n/me, ngd
tQdi dQpc si'y ngay sau khi thu hcach Dp am
ban d i u 32%, dp am bao quan 13%, nhiet dp
eua t i e n h i n si'y 35 -:- 42°C, be d i y Idp vat
lieu si'y 400 mm
4.1.3 Cdc thong so dd tinh toan
Ke't qua tinh t o i n eac thdng so' dUdc
trinh bay tai bang 1
- Tinh iQpng am e i n bd'c hdi trong 1 gid
Wh (kg am),
- Thdi gian c i n thie't de dp am giam tQ
Wl xud'ng W2(h),
- Lupng am can bd'c hdi trong 1 gid (kg am/h),
- LQpng khdng khi khd can thie't de bd'c hpi 1 kg am (kg kk/kg am),
- LQdng khdng khi khd (kk) can thie't de
bd'c hdi W^ kg am la L (kg kk/h),
- LQdng khdng khi am trQde khi vao budng si'y VB ( m % ) ,
- Tai thdi diem C TNS ra khdi budng si'y
v d i V O C ( m ' ) l a V C ( m ' / h ) ,
- LQU iQdng the tich trung binh V (m^/h),
- Tinh toan nhiet can thie't cho q u i trinh si'y:
-I- Nhiet iQdng cho q u i trinh chiy ly thuye't Qo(KJ/h)
+ Tinh t o i n nhiet iQpng can eung ci'p cho qua trinh say thQc QV (kg)
-I- Tdn t h a t nhiet do hi truyen tai mang
di QCT (KJ)
+ Tdn thi't nhiet ra mdi trQPng xung
quanh QMT (KJ)
-I- He so'truyen nhiet Kj
-I- sd'hat ngd cd trong 1000 kg X (hat) -I- The tich ciia mdt hat ngd V ^ (mm^) + The tich ciia X hat VH (mm')
-I- The tich sd bd cua buong si'y l i VBS (mm)
+ Dien tich day eiia budng si'y F (m)
BinsSy
Hinli 9 So do LD difOc l a p v6i h e t h o n g say t i n h vi n g a n g (Tiing va cs., 2005)
Trang 7NguySn Dinh Tung
Bang 1 Ke't qua tinh toan thie't k e m a u LD nguyen lieu r a n
Cac thong so Ky hieu Thir nguyen Gia tri
Cac thong so ban dau va lira chgn
Dp km ban 6ku cua nguyen lieu
Bo am sau khi s4y (do am bao quan) cua nguyen lieu
Nhiet 66 ban dau cua khong khi
Dp am lu'O'ng dSi ban 6ku cua khong khi
Nhiet do cua khi nong vao bu6ng say
Du'ong kinh trung binh cua hat ngo
w,
W 2
to
(po
t l (sSy)
d
W
T
W ,
Xo
ho
h,
<Pi X2
9 2
t2
1
L
VoB
V B
Vc
V
Qo
Qv
QcT
a l a2
8
X
K,
X
V , H
V H
V B S
F
a
b
%
%
° C
%
°c
mm
kg am Gio
kg am/h kgam/kgkk KJ/kgkk KJ/kgkk
%
kgam/kgkk
%
° C kgkk/kgam kgkk/h m' m7h m^h mVh KJ/h
KJ
KJ W/m^K W/m^K
m W/m^K
-Hat
m m ' mm' m'
m'
m
m
32
13
20
85
38 7,5
218,4 21,0 10,4 0,01242 51,587 73,255
30 0,01775
86
32 187,617 1948,1 0,997 1942,25 1798,1 1870,2 42211,2 9754,0 40,0 12,778 4,276 0,003
70 3,2
3 10* 220,8 662,34 0,994 2,5
2 1,25
Cac thong so tinh toan
Lu'O'ng am can b6c hoi trong qua trinh say
Thoi gian sjy
Lu'P'ng am b6c hoi trong 1 gio
Dp km tuy^t d6i ban dau cua khong khi
Enthalpy cua khong khi
Enthalpy cua khi nong b i t dau vao buong s i y
Dp I m tu'ang a6i cua khi npng
Dp am tuyet d6\ cua khi nPng thoat ra sau khi s§y
Ket qua tinh toan qua trinh say ly thuyet
Dp am tu'ang 661 cua khi nong sau khi siy
Nhiet dp cua khi n6ng tho^t ra sau khi s l y
Lu'P'ng kh6ng khi kho (kk) can thiet a l b6c hai 1 kg I m
Lu'P'ng kk c i n thiet 6e boc hoi Wr, kg am
The tich cua kh6ng khi am chu'a 1 kg kk
tu'ang khong khi I m tru'O'c khi vao buong s l y
Lu'ang khong khi l<hi ra khoi bu6ng s l y
Lu'u lu'ang the tich trung binh
Lu'ang nhiet c i n thilt de b6c hai W kg Im/h
Lu'ang nhiet ton thit do VLS mang di
Lu'ang nhi$t ton thit do thiet bj truyen tai mang di
He so trao doi nhi^t doi lu'u cua TNS den tu'ang TBS
He so trap dpi nhiet doi lu'u tir tu'6'ng TBS ra moi tru'O'ng
B l day cua ton
He s6 dan nhiet cua ton
He so truyin nhiet
So h?t ngp trpng 1000 kg ngp
T h i tich cua mpt hat ngp
T h i tich cua 3 10° hat ngc
T h i tich sa bp cua buIng say
Dien tich day cua buong s l y
Chiiu rpng cua bin s l y
Chieu dai ciia bin sly
511
Trang 8Nghien cu-u, tinh toan, thilt k l va che tao mau Id dot than quy mo nho (LTD 1,0) de say kho
Cacthcng sp Ky hieu ThLT nguyen Gia tri Chieu cao cCia buong s l y (tinh ti> san tro' len)
Dien tich xung quanh bin s l y
Dp chenh lech nhiet do trung binh
Ton thit nhiet ra moi tru-ang xung quanh
T6ng lu'ang nhiet can cung d p
Tong lu'ang nhiet c i n cung d p tu'ang iing cho 1 kg I m
T i n thit nhiet
Kit qua tinh toan qua trinh say thuc
Do am tuyet 361 cua khi nong sau khi s l y
Enthalpy cua khi npng sau khi say
Lu'ang kk d n thilt d l bcc hai 1 kg am
Lu'ang kk d n thilt d l b6c hoi W,, kg I m
Nhiet luang cc ich
Ten thit nhiet dp TNS mang di
Dp am tu'ang dpi cua khi ncng sau khi sly
T h i tich cua khcng khi chCfa 1 kg kk
Lu'ang khong khi khi ra khoi buIng s l y
Lu'u lu'ang t h i tich trung binh
Tong lu'ang nhiet can cung d p cho qua trinh s l y
Luang nhiet ma LD d n cung cap
Hieu suit buIng dSt
Hieu suit duang d i n khoi
Lu'ang than d n cung cap
Dien tich ghi Ic
T h i tich buong d i t
Dien tich day Ic
Chiu cao buIng dot
Canh thif nhat cua day 16
Canh thif hai cua day 16
Lu'ang khong khi d n thilt Quat phai cung d p
LLfong khcng khi thu'c t l Quat phai cung d p
Luang khong khi thep dup-ng dac tinh cua quat
Ap suit tinh (cua lo'p VLS)
He sc dpng hpc cua quat
Ap suit dpng
Ap suat tpan phan
Hieu suit quat ly tam
Ap suit thyc t l d n thiet
Ccng suat dpng ca cua quat
h
F,
A T ,
Q M T
Q
q t
A
X2T h2T
IT
L O T
q i
qa
<P2thi/c
V c T
Vc
V c Ihuc
Q Q'
Tlbd
nn
mTi, Fchi
V M
F L
hw
SL
W
Vo
V T , 4
VQuat chon
H T
k
Ha
H
riQual HTT
m m^
° C
K J
KJ
K J
K J
kg I m / kgkk KJ/ kgkk m'/h m'/h
KJ
K J
%
m'/kgkk m'/h m'/h
KJ
KJ
-kg/h
m '
m ' m^
m
m
m
m'/h m'/h m'/h mmH20
-mmH20 mmHjO
-mmH20
N°2,5
kW
0,4
2,58
29,07 864,0 10658,5
48,8
160,2
0,0389 77,5 37,76 392,75 2402,9 465,4
70 0,902 354,3 1148,25 30337,6 44614,13
0,80 0,85
1,14 0,024 0,027 0,045 0,6
0,20
0,22 1263,1 1355,6
1450
60 0,4
11,43 71,43 0,60 119,05 0,55
Trang 9NguySn Dinh Tung
-t Chieu cao cQa budng si'y h (m)
- Tong nhiet iQpng can eung ci'p QT (KJ)
- Td'ng ton thi't A (KJ)
- Xic dinh eie thdng so' eua q u i trinh
si'y thUe:
-I- LQpng chQa i m XJT (kg im/kg kk)
-I- Entanpi hjT cua q u i trinh si'y thUe h^j
(KJ/kg kk)
-1- LQdng KK khd e i n thie't de bd'c hdi 1
kg kk i m trong q u i trinh si'y thQc IT (m/h)
-t LQpng khdng khi khd (kk) e i n thie't de
bd'c hdi W/j se l i LOT (m/h)
-(- Nhiet iQpng cd ich qi (KJ)
-t- Tdn t h a t nhiet do t i e n h i n si'y mang
di q2 (KJ) ^
+ Dp am tQdng dd'i cpj (%)
-I- LQdng KK am ra khdi budng si'y VC
(m'Vh)
-I- LQU lupng the tich trung binh V (m%)
-I- Tdng nhiet iQpng can thie't eho q u i
trinh si'y thUe Q (KJ)
4.2 Tinh t o a n b u o n g dot (Bang 1)
- Nhiet lupng ma LD can ei'p Q' (KJ)
- Lupng than cung ci'p eho LD trong 1
giP mTh (kg/h)
- Dien tich ghi Id Fghi (m),
- The tich ciia budng dd't Vbd (m)
- Chieu cao ciia buong dot la h (m)
- Dien tich day Id FL (m)
Gpi hai canh ciia d i y Id la a, b Neu chpn
trQde a (m), thi tim dQpc b (m) va ngQdc lai
TQ eic ke't qua tinh t o i n tren, ta cd the
xay dQng dQpc ban ve che tao eua Id (phin
phu lue trong tai lieu ciia Nguyen Dinh TQng
va cs., 2005)
4.3 Tinh t o a n quat cho 16 s a y (Bang 1)
- LQdng khdng khi can thie't phai cung
cap Vo (m'/h)
- LQdng khdng khi thQc te VT (m%)
- LQU iQpng quat gid la V (m/h)
Loai quat dQde iQa chpn eho he thdng si'y nay la quat ly tam Luu iQdng va i p s u i t quat dupe tinh t o i n dQa vao kinh nghiem thQc te phu hdp vdi dieu kien khi hau tai Viet Nam, ap sui't tinh phai dam bao (1-^1,5) mmHaO/cm chieu cao Idp hat budng si'y (Nguyin Van Khde va es., 2000)
- Ap sui't tinh cua quat HT (mmHjO)
- Ap sui't dpng Hd (mmH,0)
- Ap s u i t toan phan H (mmH20)
- Ap sua't thQc te can thie't HTT (mmHjO)
- Cdng sui't thQc te ciia ddng cd quat NDC (kW)
- Quat ly t i m , sd' quat No 2,5 va cd so' hieu 4 - 70No2"^
4.4 Ke't qua t i n h t o a n
DQa tren eic tai lieu (Tran Van Phu a, 2000; Phan Hie'u Hien, 2000; Nguyin Van Khde v i cs., 2000; T r i n Van Phu b, 2000; Hoang Kim Cd va cs., 1985, 1986; Nguyin Dinh TQng va cs., 2005; Bac, 0., 1963 va Nguyen Van May, 2005) ta cd cac phQdng trinh tinh t d i n de tim ra cie thdng sd' dQpc
trinh bay b bang 1 Vi khudn khd' han che
cua bai bio, eic phQdng trinh tinh t o i n khdng dQpc trinh bay (cd the tham khao tai lieu cua Nguyen Dinh TQng v i es., 2005) 0 day chi trinh bay cie ke't qua tinh toin, tQ dd
m i u LD nguyen lieu ran (LD 1,0) da dupe thiet ke va ehe tao
GHEP LO
M i u Id dd't da dupe ehe tao dQa tren cie ke't qua tinh t o i n v i thie't ke Cie cdng doan gia cdng, lap ghep, hoan thien va che tao mau Id dd't nay dupe md ta d eie hinh 10, 11
va 12
513
Trang 10Nghien cQu, tinh toan, thiet ke va che tao m i u 16 dot than quy mo nhd (LTD 1,0) de say kho
•'W e
H i n h 10 C a c n g u y e n cong, c o n g d o a n gia c o n g r u o t 16 (Tting v a cs., 2005)
a- Gia cong khudn rupt 16 ; b- gia cong day va ghi 16; c- gia cdng rupt 16;
d- va e- ruot 16 da dUdc hoan thien
H i n h 1 1 Cac n g u y e n c o n g l a p r u o t 16 va h o a n t h i e n 16 ( T u n g v a cs., 2005)
a- lip rupt 16 vao vd 16; b- gia cong mat trUdc 16; c- lap le gio & budng h6a khi;
d- hoan thien va dieu chinh le gio
H i n h 12 Mfiu LD d a dxidc gia c o n g , l a p r a p h o a n t h i e n ( T u n g v a cs., 2005)
a-16 va budng h6a khi da dQpc lip hoan chinh; b- quat but da dupc l i p vao 16;
c- md hinh 16 dot hoan ehinh
NhQ viy m l u Id dd't da dQde thie't ke,
che tao v i lap ghep hoan chinh Vdi mau 16
nay ed the Qng dung eho md hinh si'y tinh vi
ngang (STVN) de si'y ngd gid'ng vdi nang
sua't 1 ti'n/me, hoac si'y cie san pham ndng
nghiep tQdng tQ k h i c
NGHIEM
Q u i trinh thQc nghiem si'y ngd bang he
thd'ng si'y tinh vi ngang sii dung 16 dd't LD 1,0 Qua trinh dd't chiy nguyen lieu r I n than
d i tren Id dd't nay nhU hinh 13
- LQdng tieu hao nguyen lieu dd't: than hoa (than cui) 1 (kg), t h a n d i 11 (kg)
- Vat lieu de si'y: Nguyen heu ngd hat tUdi vdi dp am ban d i u Wi = 32,6 % (Hinh
14, trai), sau khi si'y khd vdi dp am bao quan W2 = 13, 28 % (Hinh 14, phai)
- Thie't hi do nhiet dp v i van td'c cua tic nhan si'y (TNS) (Hinh 15)