NGUYEN TRONG NGHIA Tdng Cong ly Du&ng sdt Viet Nam n Tom Uit: Tren ca .m cdc thdng sd vi cuong do hao mdn mat lan vd lgi bdnh xe lien hdnh xdc dinh thai han Idm viic Gamma phdn trdm c
Trang 1XAC DINH THOI HAN LAM VIEC CUA B Q TRUC BANH XE
D A U M A Y D20E VAN DUNG TAI XI NGHIEP
DAU MAY DA NANG
O B O :
GS TS DO DUG TUAN
Bo mon Ddu mdy - Toa xe Khoa Ca khi
Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thong Van tdi
HVGH KS NGUYEN TRONG NGHIA
Tdng Cong ly Du&ng sdt Viet Nam
n
Tom Uit: Tren ca m cdc thdng sd vi cuong do hao mdn mat lan vd lgi bdnh xe lien hdnh xdc dinh thai han Idm viic Gamma phdn trdm ciia bd true bdnh xe ddu mdy D20E van dung lai Xi nghiep ddu mdy Dd Ndng theo hao mdn mgi Idn bdnh xe vd lgi bdnh Cdc kit qua nhdn duoc Id ca w cho viic hiiu chinh chu ky' sua chCra hg phdn chay ddu mdy mot cdch hop ly phu hop vdi diiu kien khai thdc a Viet Nam ndi chung vd tgi Xi nghiep ddu mdy Dd Ndng ndi riing
Summary: On the grounds of parameter of wear niteusit)' of rolling surface and rim oj the wheels, working time gamtnar percentage of the wheel, axle and box assembly of D20E locomotives used al Danang Locomotive Enterprise has been determined according to wear
of rolling suijace and rim of the wheel The results are foundations jor the research of adjustment of curing cvcle of wheel, axle and box assembly on the above various locomotives matched with specific condition of Vietnam in general and of Danang Locomotive Enterprise
in parlicular
I D A T VAN D E
Trong bai "Xac djnh cac dac trung hao mdn mat lan va Ipi banh xe dau may D20E van dung lai Xi nghiep dau ma>- Da N a n g " [3] da trinh bay qua trinh xac djnh c u d n g dp hao mdn mill lan \ ii lgi himh xe dau ma\ D20E van dung tai Xi nghiep dau may Da Nang
Ndi dung bin bao nay trinh bay qua trinh xac djnh thdi han lam viec (tudi thg) G a m m a phan tram cua bd true banh xe theo hao mdn mat lan va lgi banh
Cac k i t qua nhan d u g c la co' sd cho viec hieu chinh chu ky sira chua bd phan chay dau may mdt ciich hop ly, phii hgp vdi dieu kien khai thae d Viet Nam ndi chung va tai Xi nghiep d4u nuiy Da Nang ndi rieng
Trang 2H A C D I N H T H O I H A N L A M V I E C C U A B O T R U C B A N H X E T H E O H A O M O N
IN r L A N V A LOT B A N H X E
Phu'cng phap xac dinh tuoi tho G a m m a phan tram cua chi tiet
Do tin cay hoac xac suat hong ciia cac dang bieu hien mdn khac nhau d u g c the hien trong
1 g l , [ l ]
-Bdng 1 Cdc md hinh tinh loan vdi cdc dgng hiiu hiin mdn khac nhau
B i l u dd ciia cac bieu hien mdn Cac thdng sd ve dp tin cay
h h
-±
E[I(L)] = E(Ir) + E(c).L
D [ I ( L ) ] = D ( I r ) +
D(c).L-P(L) = <D
Q(L) = 0
I -E(I )-E(c).L
g h ••
[ D(i ) + D(C).L2 ]/2
E(l ) + E ( C ) L - I
r ah
1 J /
D(I ) + 0 ( 0 1 - 2
I-E[I(L)] = Ir + E(c).L; E(Ir) = Ir = const
D[I(L)] = D ( C ) L ' ; D(Ir) = 0
P(L) = (I)
Q(L) = 0
I -E(I ) - E ( C ) L
gh r [ D(I ) + D(c).L- ] '2
E ( I ) + E ( C ) L - I
r gh
2
^1-[ D(i ) + D ( C ) L ^ ] 2
Igh
-t
E[l(L)] = E ( c ) L ; E ( I r ) = 0 D[I(L)] = D ( c ) L ' ; D ( I r ) = 0
P(L) =
cD-Q(L) = <1)
I - E ( I ) - E ( C ) L
gh •"
[ D(I ) + D ( C ) L 2 ] 2
I r •'
E(i )+E(c).L-l
gh [ D(i ) + D(c).L-E[I(L)] = E(lr) + c.L; E(c) = c = const D[I(L)] = D(Ir); D(c) = 0
P(L)-(I)-I -E(l )-E(c)
g h '•
[ D(l ) + D(c).L- ] 2
Q(L) = CD
E(I ) + E(c).L-I
'• g h
[ D(l ) + D ( C ) L 2 ] ' 2
Trang 3Trong trudng hgp cu the nay ta chgn md hinh thii- 3 de tinh toan Trong md hinh nay I ua
qua trinh cha\' ra thir cap ciia banh xe tiic la ky vpng toan dp mdn sau khi chay ra E(Ir) = va phuang sai do mdn sau khi chay ra D(L-) = 0
Bdng 2 Md hinh tinh todn dugc luo i
Bieu dd ciia cac bieu hien mdn Cac thdng sd ve dp tin cay
Igh
E[I(L)] = E(c).L; E(Ir) = 0
D [ I ( L ) ] = D(c).L- ; D(Ir) = 0
I -E(I )-E(c),L
gh r
-t
P(L) = <D
Q(L) = O
[ D(I ) + D(C).L2 ]/2
E(I ) + E ( C ) L - I
r gh
[ D(I ) + D ( C ) L 2 ]
1
Khi dd bieu thirc xac djnh thdi ban lam viec (tudi thp) Gamma phan tram cd dang:
E(c).L^
P ( L ) = CD
I -E(c).L
gh
2 [ D(c).L^ ] 2
= CD gh
o(c).L 0(z)
Sau khi bien ddi, ta cd
(1)
1 i'oiig dd:
P ( L ) - ham tin cay (xac suat lam viec khdng hdng);
L - thiii han lam viec (tudi thp) 10' km;
I - thdng sd uidi han ve dd mdn, mm;
gh
E ( C ) = a - k)' vpng toan cudng dp hao mdn, mm/10' km;
D(c) = o " - phuong sai cudng dp hao mdn, mm"/10 'km"
o(c) = o - sai lech binh phuong trung binh ciia cudng dp hao mdn, mm/lO' km;
cD(z) - dirpc xac djnh thdng qua ham Laplats bang each tra bang 2PL [1];
z - phan vj ddi vdi phan bd chuan, phu thude vao;K% cho trudc (tire la phu thupc dp tin cay gamma phan tnim cho ti-irdc P(L) ), dugc xac djnh bang each tra bang PL2 [1]
T9P chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V^LN TAI So 29 - 03/2010 39
Trang 42.2 Xac djnh thdi han lam >:ec ciia bo true banh xe dau may D20E van dung tai Xi nghiep dau mav Da Nang theo hao mon mat lanva loi banh xe
2.2.1 Xdc dinh thai iigii lain viec gamma phdn trdm theo cto mon gidi han cua mat hin
Theo Quy trinh sira chua do Tdng Cdng ty Dudng sat Viet Nam ban hanh, do sau mai mdn ldm mat lan cho phep < 7,0 mm
Tudi thg gamma phan tram tinh theo hao mdn ldn nhat ciia mat lan dugc xac djnh theo bieu thirc:
L = gh
[E(c) + a(c)
Vdi: I = 7 mm; E(c) = a = 2.4028 mnvlO-km; o(c) = o = 0.7358 mm/lO" km
gh
Ket qua tinh toan dupe cho trong bang 3
Bdng 3 Kit qua tinh todn thai hgn Idm viic Gamma phdn trdm cua hd true hdnh xe ddu mdy D20E Igi Xi nghiep ddu mciy Dd Ndng
theo hao mdn Idng hgp mat Idn
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
P ( L ) %
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
99
I
gh
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
E(c) = a 2,4028
2,4028 2.4028 2,4028 2,4028 2,4028 2,4028 2,4028
2,4028
2,4028 2.4028
0,7358
0,7358 0.7358 0,7358 0,7358 0.7358 0,7358 0,7358
0,7358
0,7358 0.7358
z
0
0,13 0,26 0,39 0,53 0,68 0,85 1,04
1,29
1,65 2,33
Thdi han lam viec L IO' k m
2,913268
2,801733 2.698423 2,602461 2.506468 2,411179 2,311581 2,209574
2,088317
1,935375 1,700179
2.2.2 Xiic (tiiih thai hgn ldm viec gamma phdn trdm theo c1d mini gidi hgn cua hri hdnh Chieu da) ban dau cua \a\ banh la 30mm Theo Quy trinh sua chCra do Tdng Cdng ty
Dirdng sat Viet Nam ban hanh chieu day loi banh nhd nhat cho phep la 18 mm; nhu vay du tru' hao mdn theo chieu day lgi banh la 30mm - 18mm ^ 12miTi
Tudi thp Gamma phan tram tinh theo hao mon ldn nhat ciia ciia loi banh xe so 6, ben
trai dirpc xac djnh theo bieu thirc:
I
gh
Vdi: 1
uh 11 mm
[ E ( c ) + o(c),
; E(c) = a = 2.5696 mnVlO"' km; o(c) = o = 0.4939 mm/lO' km
40 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 29 - 03/2010
Trang 5Ket qua tinh toan dupe cho trong bang 4 ? '•••
Bdng 4 Ket qud tinh todn thai han ldm viec Gamma phdn trdm
cua hd true bdnh xe ddu mdy D20E tgi Xi nghiep ddu mdy Dd Ndng
theo hao mdn loi bdnh true sd 6, ben trdi
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
P ( L ) %
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
99
I
gh
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
E(c) = a
2,5696
2,5696 2,5696 2,5696 2,5696 2,5696 2,5696 2,5696
2,5696
2,5696 2,5696
o(c) = a
0,4939
0,4939 0,4939 0,4939 0,4939 0,4939 0,4939 0,4939
0,4939
0,4939 0,4939
z
0
0,13 0,26 0.39 0,53 0,68 0,85 1,04
1,29
1,65 2,33
Thdi han lam viec L ,10' k m
4,669988
4,556142 4,447716 4,34433 4,238235 4,130166 4,014163 3,89199
3,742129
3,545539 3,225471
ruong tu nhu tren, tudi thp gamma phan tram tinh theo hao mdn nhd nhat cua loi banh
xe so 4, bcMi phai dugc xac djnh theo bieu thirc
I
gh
L
-Vdi: 1 = 1 2 mm; E(c)^
gh
[ E ( C ) + CT(C).Z]
82 mm/10' km; o(c) = o = 0.33 mm/lO"' km Ket qua tinh loan the hien trong bang 5
Bang 5 Kei c/ua linh lodn thdi han Idm \i'ic Gamma phdn tram ciia hd true hdnh xe ddu met}' D20E Igi Xi nghiep ddu mdy Dd Ndng
theo hao mdn Igi bdnh true sd 4, hen phdi
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
P ( L ) %
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
99
I
gh
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
E(c) = a
1,82
1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82
1,82
1.82 1.82
a(c) = a
0,33
0,33 0,33 0,33 0.33 0,33 0,33 0,33
0,33
0,33 0,33
z
0
0,13 0,26 0,39 0,53 0,68 0,85 1,04
1,29
1,65 2,33
Thdi han lam viec L
y%
10'km
6,593407
6,44157 6,296568 6,157951 6,015339 5,869693 5,712925 5,547337
5,343545
5,075069 4,635173
lgi b;
Ironu
ludi ihp G;
inh xe ddi
baim 6
imma ph
\-di dau
[in tram cua bd true banh xe tinh theo hao mdn gidi ban ciia mat kan va ma\ D20E van dung tai Xi nghiep dau may Da Nana dupe thi hien
9P chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V;^N TAI So 29 - 03/2010 41
Trang 6Bdng 6 Ket qua linh tedn thdi hgn ldm viic gamma phdn tram
cua bd true bdnh xe ddu mdy D20E tgi Xi nghiep ddu mdy Dd Ndng
theo hao mdn mat ldn vd lgi bdnh
1-TT
1
2
3
4
6
Tudi thp Gamma
phan tram
L
y=50%
L
y=80%
L
Y=85%
L
7=90%
L
Y=95%
Theo cudng dp hao mdn mat lan E(c) = 2,4028 mm'lO' km
2.913268
2.311581 2,209574
2,088317
1,935375
Theo hao cudng do mdn lgi banh True sd 4, ben phai
E(c) = 1.82 m m / 1 0 ' k m
6,593407
5,712925 5,547337
5,343545
5,075069
True sd 6, ben trai E(c) = 2,5696 mm/10"' km
4,669988
4,014163 3,89199
3,742129
3.545539
n i PHAN TICH K E T Q U A TINH TOAN
Qua tinh toim thay rang hao mdn gidi ban mat lan banh xe dat sdm ho-n so hao mdn gidi ban cua lgi banh xe \i vay phai la\ hao mdn mat lan lam co- sd hay ndi khac thdi ban lam viec gamma phan tram ciia bd true banh xe phai dugc xac djnh theo hao mdn gidi ban ciia mat lan, Thdi han lam viec trung binh cua bd true banh xe (tudi thp Gamma 50 phan tram) neu tinh theo cudng dp hao mdn mat lan la gan 300 000 km chay, cdn neu tinh theo cudng dp hao mdn ldn nliiil cua Icri biinh xe (sd 6 ben trai) la gan 470000 km.^
Nhu vay can phai giai the bd phan chay dau may D20E d 300000 km, va so vdi chu ky sira chira ciia dau ma> D20E do Tdng cdng ty Dudng sat Viet Nam ban hanh ngay 29/4/2008 (bang 7) thay rang thdi diem can giai the tuo-ng duong vdi cap sira chira R2 lan 2
Bdng 7 Chu ky sua chira ddu mdy D20E
TT
1
2
->
4
5
6
7
Cap bao duong, sira chira
^Kiein tra bao dudng ky thuat, Ro
Bao dirdng cap trung gian, Rt Bao dudng cap 1, RI Kiem tra bao dirdng cap cap 2 R2
Kham chua cap 3 R3 Sua chiia cap Ky Rk Sira chiia ldn, Rd
Chay dudng dai, km
5 000
25 000
50 000
150 000
-600 000 -Tu\ nhien nhu da biet [1] xac suat 7% dugc chgn tuy theo mire dp quan trpng cua chi tilt
42 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 29 - 03/2010
Trang 7dang xet Neu hu hdng ciia nd dan den hau qua dac biet nghiem trpng nhu anh hucirig Idn ke
hoach san xuat, viec tien hanh sira chua qua tdn kem hoac khdng dam bao an toan cho n,i udi
lain viec v.v thi xac suat 7% dupe chpn tdi 95% hoac cao hon Doi vdi nhirng chi tilt it 1 uan
trpng hon cd the lay trong khoang 60% - 95%; cdn doi vdi nhtrng chi tilt dugc thay the de dang
khi bj hong thi cd thi \ky 7% = 30% - 60% -^
Bd true banh xe la cum chi tiet quan trgng trong bd phan chay dau may, nd ddng vai trd
quyet djnh trong viec hinh thanh lire keo va luc ham va hen quan true tiep den su chuyen ddng
an toim cua doan tau
Khi bj hao mdn (mat lan hoac gd banh) phai tien hanh giai the bd phanchay de khdi phuc
lai bien dang mat lan
Vdi nhirng khuyen nghi nhu tren, rd rang la de dam bao dp tin cay lam viec ciia bd true
banh xe, can phai lay xac suat y% tdi thieu khdng thap ban 60%
Vi vay neu sir dung thdi ban lam viec vdi xac suat 7% = 50%> thi chua dam bao miic tin tin
cay can thiet, bdi le khi dd da cd 50"/o sd banh xe cd hao mdn mat lan vupt qua gidi ban cho
phep
Neu mudn dam bao thdi ban lam viec Gamma phan tram bang 90% - 95% thi can giai the
bd phan chay trong khoang thiii gian lam \'iec tren dudi 200000 km Khi dd sd true banh xe cd
hao mdn mat lan da vucrt qua gidi ban la 5 - 10%
Cac ket qua tren day la co- sd de cac nha quan ly va cac nha ky thuat tham khao cho viec
hieu chmh chu ky sira chua htjp ddi vdi bd phan chay ciia dau may D20E trong dieu kien khai
thiic cu the lai Xi nghiep dau may Da Nang
Tai lieu tham kiiao
[1] Dd Due ! udn Ly thuyet do tin cay (tai lieu giang day cao hoc) Trudng Dai hoc Giao thong Van tai
Ha Noi 20.'V
;'2j Do Diic Tudn Danh gia hao mon va do tin cay ciia chi tiet va ket cau tren dau may diezel Nha xuSt
ban Giao tlu'ing Van tai Ha Noi 2005
(3j Xac dinh cac dac trung hao mon mat lan va lgi banh xe dau may D20e van dung tai xi nghiep dSu
may Da Nflng Tap chi KHGTVT s6 28•
.>p Chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 29 - 03/2010 43