Nghiên cứu xây dựng thuật toán chương trình thiết kế bơm thủy lực cánh gạt tác dụng kép trên máy tính

Nguyln Van Lai Bg m6n Ky thuat Ca khi, Tnrong Dai hpc Mo - Dia eh4t, Ha Noi TOIW TAT Bdi bdo ndy trinh bay kit qud ban ddu xdy dung thudt todn tinh todn thiet ke bam thiry luc canh g

NGHIEN CtJfU-TRAO Ddi

NGHIEN CU'U XAY Dl/NG THUAT T O A N CHU'CXNG T R I N H THIET KE

B a M THUY LU'C CANH GAT TAC DUNG KEP TREN M A Y TINH

A STUDY OF ALGORITHM AND COMPUTATIONAL PROGRAMMINH FOR

DESIGNING DOUBLE ACTING HYDRAULIC VANE PUMP

ThS Nguyln Van Lai

Bg m6n Ky thuat Ca khi, Tnrong Dai hpc Mo - Dia eh4t, Ha Noi

TOIW TAT

Bdi bdo ndy trinh bay kit qud ban ddu xdy dung thudt todn tinh todn thiet ke bam thiry luc

canh gat tdc dgng kep img diing tren mdy vi tinh Trin ca saphdn tich vd toi uu cdc moi quan hi

giira cdc thong so chinh trong bam, trinh tu thiet ki, lua chgn cdc thong so vd cdc buac tinh todn

thiit ki duac thiit lap de xdy dung thudt todn Tren ca sd thuat todn, nguoi thiet ki cd thi su dung

nhiiu hgi phdn mem chuyen dung khdc nhau de tinh todn kit qud Kit qud bdi bdo tao ra ca sa de

phdt trien cdc chucmg trinh thiet ki tie dong cho huong nghien cicu thiit ki tu dgng bam cdnh gat,

hien dgi hoa qud trinh thiit ke

Tir kh6a: Bam cdnh ggt; Kit cdu bam thiry luc; Bam thuy luc cdnh ggt tdc dung kep; Thiet

ke tu dgng

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a result offirst stage in buiding algoritm to calculate and design double

acting hydraulic vane pump on computer Based on analysing and optimizing relationships between

main parameters, selecton of parameters, flow of calculating and disigning, the algorithm is builded

Based on the algorithm, designer can calculate results with many special softwares The results

present on paper is a base to build automation progammes of calculation and design for researching

double acting hydraulic vane pump, modernizing the calculation and design

Keywords: Vane pump, hydraulic pump design, double acting hydraulic vane pump, automation

design ^

ISSN 0866 - 7056

TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAJVl, S6 3 nam 2015

NGHIEN CUfU TRAO D 6 |

l D y \ T V A N D E

Bom thuy lire th^ tich noi chung, bom

thuy lire canh gat tae dung kep noi rieng, dugc

sir dung rong rai trong cac may va h? th6ng thuy

luc (vi du: trong he thdng lai, bom dku cho dgng

CO va cac hop giam t6c ) [4], dai thong s6 lam

viec ciia bom thuy lire canh gat thirong co Imi

lugng rieng tir 3,2 - 227 cmVvong, ap sudt tir 6,3

-i- 30 MPa, so vong quay cua true bcrni tir 600 ^

3000 vong/phiit [3],

0 trong nirac, cac tai lieu phuc vu nghien

cihi, tinh toan thik ki cung nhu san xuat bom

thiiy lye canh gat tac dung kep con rat han che

Ciing vai chuong trinh "phat trien cong nghiep

ph\i trg" cua Nha nuoe, viec tinh toan thiet ke,

che tao cac chi tiet may, bg phan may dugc dat

ra a muc quan tam cao hon De chu dgng trong

san xudt cac chi tiet va bg phan may noi tren thi

bai toan ihik k% phai dugc quan tam dau tien

Trong cong nghiep hien dai, viee tinh

toan thiet ke sii dung may vi tinh va eae phan

mem chuyen diing la mot lua chgn hgp ly Viec

img dung nay co cac im diem noi bat:

- Giam thai gian tinh toan thiet ke;

- Tu dgng tinh toan thiet ke;

- Tu dgng tir tinh toan thiet ke den san xuat

che tao

Bai bao nay tap trung phan tich vai tro

cua eae thong so thiet ke chinh, moi lien he toan

hgc va xay dimg cac buoc tinh toan d8 dua ra

thuat toan co kha nang lap trinh tu dgng hoa cho

thiet ke, eu the nhu sau:

- Phan tich ket cau va nguyen ly hoat dgng

cua bom;

- Thiet lap cac mdi qua he va dieu kien tinh

toan giua cac thong s6 hinh hge, dgng hge va

dgng luc hge trong timg khu vuc cua bam;

- Xay dung bp thong so tinh toan cho bora;

- Xay dung chuong trinh tinh toan;

- Hi8n thi ket qua tinh toan (k^t qua bSng s6, hinh ve )

2 PHAN TICH CO S d LY THUYET

2.1 Phan tich kH cau

Tren hinh 1 la mot dang ket cSu bom thuy luc canh gat tac dung kep [3]

Hinh 1 • Kit cdu mgt loai bam thiiy lire cdnh g

dung kep [3]:

I) Ndp, 2vaS) 6 ad; 3 vd 7) Dia phdn phdi;

4) Phan ldm Iren dio phdn phdi 3 5) Slato

6) Roto; 9) Mai bich, 10) Phdi ldm kin, II) True bam: 12} La xo 13) Khoang irdng;

14) Phdn ldm cira hut tren dia phdn phdi 7, 15)Vdbam 16) Cdnhgai: 17) Id liSl Imi 18) Chdl; 19) Khoang Irdng giUa Slato vd rdio

Bom thuy luc canh g^t tae dung kep gom rat nhieu chi tiet hgp thanh de thuc hi?n chiic nang bien doi nang lugng nhan dugc (tir bg phan dan dgng) thanh nang lugng eiia chat long Tir ket cau va nguyen ly hoat dgng ciia bom, ta CO the phan chia cac ehi tiet cau thanh bom thanh 2 nhom:

Nhom thu nhdt

Cac chi ti6t tac dpng true tiep den kha nang bien doi nang lugng, hieu qua bien doi nang lugng va do ben ciia bam, bao gom: Stalo, roto, canh gat, dia phan phoi

ISSN 0 8 6 6 - 7 0 5 6

TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2015

NGHIEN CllfU-TRA0D6l

Nhom thii- hai

Cac chi ti6t dugc tieu chuin hoa (6 da,

16x0, cac chi X\k va bg phan lam kin) va cac chi

tiet dugc tinh toan theo tieu chuin eo khi (true,

then, mat bich)

Cac chi ti8t trong nhom thii hai dugc tinh

toan ya lira chgn tir kdt qua tinh toan cac thong

so, so lirgng chi \\k trong nhom nhit Do do cac

thong so ciia cac chi ti8t trong nhom thu nhit

dugc lira chgn lam cac thong s6 chinh cua bam

2.2 Ph3n tich cac thong so chinh cua bom

Thong so kich thuoc, hinh dang hinh

hgc, s6 lugng cac ehi tiet canh gat, stato, roto,

dia phan phoi dugc tinh toan thi6t kk tren ca sa

nguyen ly hoat dgng, cac moi quan he giiia cac

thong so thuy lire va thong so hinh hgc cua cac

ehi tiet Mot so thong so chinh dugc trinh bay

trong hinh 2

Quan he giQa cac thong so chinh dugc

toi uu hoa theo cac muc tieu xac dinh va trong

phan nay xet cac quan he nay theo chieu hoat

dpng cua bam tir hiit den day chat long

Hinh 2- Sadd tinh mdt sd thdng so ciia bam [2]

2.1.1 Quan he giva cdc thong so & cua hut

quan he van t6c trung binh dong chay v 6 ciia hut ciia bam vdi cac thong so ciia bam sau khi bien doi va nit ggn [1]:

V < v„„ =

4a

(i).B.(R-r)(R + 3 r )

\^ , /(R-0,(R-r)=

° 3 2'0

(1)

Trong do:

R - Ban kinh Ion cua stato; r - Ban kinh nho ciia stato; B - Chi6u dai ciia roto (thuang

chieu dai roto bang chieu rgng canh gat); a - Goe

6m ciia hiit; (o - Van t6c goc; r^ - Banh kinh roto

Theo (1) thi kich thuac bom khong qua Ion khi luu lugng tuong doi Ion

Ngoai ra, de dam bao yeu cau ve giam tac dgng do xam thuc tai cua hiit, theo [4], van toe lan nhat tai ciia hiit v^^ < 13,6 m/s

2.7.2 Quan he giira cdc thong so trong qud

trinh ^y cua bffm

Tir quan he giiia cac thong so trong qua trinh day ciia bom, ta co the tinh toan eae thong

so cua stato, roto, canh gat va dTa phan phoi Cac thong so nay quyet djnh ve lugng chat long chay qua bam, chat lugng luu lirgng, hieu sudt luu lugng, do ben (tuoi tho) ciia bam

dinh Lim lugng rieng cua bam q duoc xac [1;2]:

q = 2B{R

Trong do:

b - Do day canh gat; z- So canh gat; t, - Goc

Trong tinh toan thiet Ice bom, lira chon nghieng ciia canh gat Q

TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2015

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOI

Ban kinh Ion ciia stato, sau khi bidn d6i co the xay ra cac truong hgp: R qua lan, ban

va nit gpn theo cae thong so dieu chinh [2]: kinh roto rO nho, dp dai canh gat I nho nen kich

thuoc bom lan va co the canh gat co the rai ra

R = 3 ngoai roto khi quay den vi tri co ban kinh Ion q

k-i} I k,J (^ lcjk,ccsi;

^ ^ ^ _ _ ^ (3)

V " k , J [' lc,jk,ccsi;

Trong do:

(4)

R

Hesok, = —; hesdk^

-Ban kinh nho ciia stato:

r,, = r - A r

Chieu dai roto:

R - ^

( R - r | 7 r ( R - H r )

B Q dai canh gat [2]:

1 = 1, + Ij hoac I, = Ij kj

Trong do:

R ' B '

bz ]

"cosi;J

Do do, trong tinh toan thiet ke thuang

chpn ty s6 1 < kj = — ^ 1,25

Mat Idiac, ciing can chii y den ty s6

kj = - p Neu ty so k^ = — Ion, tuc la phin canh 1; Ij gat nam ngoai roto lan, ap lire tac dung len canh gat lorn, do do anh huong den dp b6n ciia bam Trong nhieu truang hgp, chgn k3 = -^ < 0,9

(5) • R ^

He sok; - — thuang duge chgn tir 0,25

B den 2,5 de dam bao cho kich thuac cua bam khong qua lan hoac roto khong qua "mong"

(6) 2.3 C^c bu-dc chinh cjin tinh toan

Tir cac quan h? (1) d6n (7) dugc da xae

I, - Do dai canh gat nim ngoai roto- ^ i ^ h ^ ^ ? ' : <=ac thong s6 ehinh cua bom Tren co

1, - Do dai canh gat nim trong roto; ' ' ' " ^ ^ ' ^^' ^^^ ^^ '^"^^ ^^^ ^^*^^ ^1^" V^" ^^ tinh

toan thiet ke bam thuy lire canh gat tac dung kep

I nhu sau;

he so k, = -i-

1^

: , , ^^,, , , J ,„ , , ^""o"*^ i- Kjem tra lai cac so lieu dau vao

Ap luc chat long tac dung len canh gat: veu r^n Clin, lirrm„ i „ -* ~ ^ '

^' y^" '-^u Uini lugng, ap suat, so vong quay ciia true bam ) [3]

P = p.B.1, (7)

, Buac 2: Tinh toan cac thong s6 cua stato,

Trong do: p ^ Do chenh ap suat hiiae va ro to, canh gat, dia phan phdi tir cac quan he (1) sau canh gat Gan dung ap suat p la ap suat lam d^n (7)

viee cua bam

Tu cac quan he tu (2) dM (7) cho thiy: , , ^ f " " T 1 ' '^°u^ l^-*^" " " " ^ ' ' ' "

, , ; ^, ; , R , , , '2-k,, kj, kj, a, ;, lan thunhat, tinhtoancac Neu ty sok, = —qua ion, tuc la R » r thong s6 R, r, r , B

ISSN 0866 - 7056

TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, S6 3 nam 2015

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOD6|

+ Thay doi cac thong so dieu ehinh

z, 1|, Ij, kj, kj, kj, a, ^, , tinh cac thong s6

R, r, r^, B tuong ung

+ Kiem tra cac di^u kien tinh toan

Buac 3: Tinh cac chi ti^t trong

nhom thii nhit (muc 2.1)

Sir dung ket qua trong buac 2, tinh

toan va lira chgn cac chi ti8t trong nhom 1

3 XAY DU>4G THUAT TOAN

Tren ca so phan tich va eae buoc

tinh toan h-ong muc 2.3, ta co thg xay dung

mgt thuat toan tinh eae thong so chinh ciia

bom nhu trong hinh 3

f Bat diu j

CSc th6ng sd dau

vao q, p, n, ^Q -

Ciic thong so di€ti

•hinh kh, kih kii, a, 4 '

-Cac quan h?' (2) (3)

C4),(5),(6).{7).-K^t qua tinh toan: R

r, ro B, I b a , x- •

I

r Kit thuc J

Hmh 3: Sa dd khdi thudt todn

De CO thuat toan don gian nhu trong hinh 3, thuat toan co it vong lap, thuan tien kiem soat ket qua trong timg buac tinh, la vi thuat toan dugc xay dung

tu cac moi quan he giua cac thong s6 chinh cua bam

da dugc toi uu hoa va dua nhieu thong so di6u chinh vao cac quan he do

Vi thuat toan don gian, nen co the sii dung nhieu loai phan mem khac nhau de tinh toan va co the phu hgp voi nhiSu nguoi su dung khac nhau Vi du co the su dung eae ham trong EXCEL tinh k6t qua nhu sau:

Thong so dau vao

Liru lugng rieng q = 10 cmV vong

Ap suat lam viec:

p = 10 Mpa

So vong quay tnic bom:

n = 1 5 0 0 v / p h Hieu suat Imi iuong:

11,-0.95

Thdng s6di^u chinh

He so k| = R/B = 2 Hes6k^ = R / r = l , 2 4

He so k - 11/12 = 0,8

Luang dy triJ ban kinh:

Ar= ! mm

Chieu day canh gat: b = 2

mm

So canh gat: z = 8 canh Goc nghieng ciia canh gat:

C-e"

Goc 6m cua dia phan phoi:

a ^16"

Ket qua tinh toin

Ban kinh Ion cita stato:

R - 2 0 , 8 8 1 mm

Ban kinh nho ciia stato:

r = 16,840 mm

Ban kinh roto:

r,, = 15,84 mm

Do dai roto: B = 9,6 mm

Dp dai ],= 4,042 mm

Do dai 1, - 5,052 mm

Do dai canh gat: 1 = 9,094

mm

Goc giira hai canh gat ke nhau: p = 45"

4 KET LUAN Bai bao da trinh bay ket qua ve viec phan tich quan he giira cac thong so chinh cua bam da dugc t6i

uu hoa, tu do dua ra thuat toan thiet kk nham tu dgng

hoa thiet ke bam tren may tinh Ket qua ehinh g6m:

- Xay dung dugc mgt buac trong tu dgng hoa

tinh toan thiet ke bom Da the nghiem bang kk qua lap uinh de dang vai ngon ngir don gian la Excel "^

ISSN 0 8 6 6 - 7 0 5 6

TAP CHI CO KHf VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2015

NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddi

- Co th^ su dung nhilu phSn mhm khac nhau de tinh toan ket qua

Trong tinh toan thi8t ki bam thuy luc canh gat tac dung kep co rihieu thong sd digu chinh

(caches6k|,kj, IC3, z, ) va dai dieu chinh rgng, do do vai mgt thong so ban dau eo th8 co nhik

kk qua khac nhau Di6u nay gay kho khan cho viec quyet dinh chgn ket qua thiet ke nao la hc^

ly Do do, huong phat trien cho cac nghien cuu tiep theo la tiep tuc xay dung cac thuSt toan v6 tinh toan t6i uu thuy lire d6 so sanh, lira chgn ket qua mo phong toi uu Khi da co kSt qua t6i im, ket noi vai cac phan tinh toan tu dgng ve eo khi nhu tinh true bam, tinh toan va lira chgn 6 da true bom, va ket noi vai may gia cong che tao san xuat bom man Do do, giam so lugng bcmi

mhi can phai san xuat va co the chgn dugc nhieu bam mau theo cac yeu cau ky thuat khac nhau

voi mgt thSng s6 dau vao •

Ngay nhan bai: 15/02/2015

Ngay phan bien: 09/3/2015

T^i iiSu tham khao:

[1] I D Daitrenko - L M Muslebski; Bam vd dgng ca thuy luc cdnh ggt, NXB Chg tao may- Matxcova

-1970 (tieng Nga)

[2] V.IU Kpuglov va D.V Bagaev, Tinh todn cdc thdng sd ciia mdy thuy luc thi tich; Kovpov K]TA- 2005

(Sach Giao khoa - tieng Nga)

[3] V K Svesnikop, Truyin dgng thuy luc trong cdc mdy, NXB Chg tao may, Matxcova 2008 (s6 tay

-tiSng Nga)

[4] Steffen Hain-Wurtenberger - Simulation of cativating flow in vane pumps - Frankfiirt - Cgng hoa lien bang Diic - 2007 (tap chi tiing Anh)

ISSN 0866 - 7056

TAP CHI CO KHf VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2015