Ndu phan Ong vd CP ehd hda hpc deu thfch hpp eho ea hai dang thiet bj phan Ong, thidt bj phJin Ong me dung lopng 10.000 lit cd the dope thay the bang thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay vdi dung
Trang 1THI^T Bj PHAN ONG DONG CHAY - NHONG LfU DlilVI
Sudt nhieu thd ky qua, cdc thidt bj phan
Ong me dd dtigc sd dyng rdng rdi trong
nhieu ITnh vgc san xudt hda chat cdng
nghidp Tuy nhien, trong khi nhieu qua trinh
san xuat hda chat hoat ddng rat tdt trong thiet
bj phan Ong me thi mdt sd Ioal phan Ong nhat
djnh lai boat ddng kem hieu qua hon trong
nhung thidt bj dd Trong nhOng trodng hpp
ndy, cac nha san xudt hda chat tinh khiet dd
chuyen sang sO dyng ngay cdng nhieu hOn
cac thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay lien tuc
Thidt bj phan Ong ddng ehay lien tyc ed
kfch thode nhd hon 10.000 lan so vdi thiet bj
phan dng me eung san lopng Ndu phan Ong
vd CP ehd hda hpc deu thfch hpp eho ea hai
dang thiet bj phan Ong, thidt bj phJin Ong me
dung lopng 10.000 lit cd the dope thay the
bang thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay vdi dung
lopng 1 Ift Cung vdl khd ndng truyen nhiet va
truyen vdt chat cao, ty Id cao glCfa dien tfch bd
mdt vd the tfch la ddc didm quan trpng cda
nhdng thiet bj phan Ong ddng ehay
Mdt dde diem khde cda cdc thiet bj phan
ufng ddng chay ld thdi gian lou ngan va khdng
ddi, ddy Id dieu rd't ed Ipi khi dieu che nhdhg
san phdm de phdn huy khi phai chju tac ddng
Idu ddi trong nhung dieu kidn can thidt di
thge hien phan Ong mong mudn Hon nda,
ban chat Hen tyc cda qud trinh ddng chay
eung Id mot Ou didm quan trpng, vi nhd dd ma
khi can tdng san lOpng cda me phan Ong
ehdng ta chl can van hdnh thidt bj phan Ong
trong thdi gian ddi hdn Dac diem ndy cung
gidp giam chi phf ve ddi han, vi viec ndng edp
bang each ehd tao thanh nhung thidt bj phan
Ong mh ngay edng Idn se khdng cdn can thldt
Thidt bi phan Cfng ddng chay lien tuc da the
hidn nhieu ou diem khi dtigc dp dung trong
cdc tinh hudng thfch hpp Vf du, nhdhg Ou
qua trinh ph^n Ong, giam ehi phf phdt tridn,
tdng dp an todn, vd tao kha ndng tiep can cac
phdn ttjf hda chat md bang cdch khae khdng the dope tidp can tren quy md ldn Kha ndng tai lap t o t h d n cac dieu kien phan Ong
Mdt trong nhOng ou diem then ehdt eda thidt bj phan Ong ddng chay Hen tuc Id cac didu kien phan Ong trong ti!/ng Idn van hdnh
ed thd dope tdi lap tdt hon so vdi khi van hanh tCmg me d eac thiet bj phan Ong me tnjyen thdng Vdi thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay, chung
ta ed the de dang dat dope mOc nhiet dp da xde djnh vd dong nhat Dieu ndy dde biet quan trpng ddi vdl eac phan Ong ed mifc tda nhiet Idn 6 cac thldt bj phan Ong ddng chay, nhd kfeh thodc nhd ndn nhiet phan {fng dd phan tdn hdn so vdi d thiet bj phan Ong md kieh thode Idn Mot van de ehung can xCf ly khi van hdnh eac phan tifng tda nhiet cao la s g phdn bd nhiet dp khdng ddng deu Idm sinh ra edi gpi la nhOng "didm ndng" Tinh trang dd thodng dan den ede hau qua nhO g l i m san lopng, tdng lopng tap ehdt trong qua trinh
Trang 2k
R E T I N O L K
Neutrogena
ndng cap hodc hieu suat dao dpng nhieu qua
tOng me
Chung ta hay lay vf du la qua trinh san xud't
tetraxyanoetylen oxlt tO tetraxyanoetylen Khi
sO' dung hydro peroxit ldm chat oxy hda, nhiet
tda ra khd ed the dtigc kiem sodt d quy md
25g, choa ndi den nhuhg me Idn hon O quy
md 25 g, hieu suat dat dtigc thodng la 65%
Khi quy md phan Ong tdng len den 200 g, hieu
suat ndy giam xud'ng cdn 0-23% Thdi gian
phan Ong toi Ou la 10 phut va ngoai nhOng rdi
ro cOa van de tda nhiet thi san pham edn bl
phdn hdy khi tiep xuc vdl node, tao ra hydro
xyanua
San phdm ndy la Ong vien rd rdng cho viec
ehuydn ddi sang qua trinh ddng chay Viec
ehuyen doi do da td ra don gian mdt each bat
ngd Chung ta se khdng can dung mdi hode
ed dde va khdng can thge hien tdi ou hda Hd
thd'ng ddng ehay tao ra qua trinh lien tuc vdl
hal giai doan, vide Idm ngudi trgc tidp bdng
node giup gio eho thdi gian phan Ong khdng
ddi Trong qua trinh ddng ehay, thdi gian phan
Ong td'i ou Id 3 phut, tuy theo quy md, vdl ndng
sudt dat 100 g/gld Neu khdng tien hanh tdi ou
dope d dang khdng mdu, cae ket qua toong to nho khi tidn hdnh mdt sd cdng doan phan dng
GiSm chi p h i n a n g c a p Mot han ehd khae cda qud trinh phan Ong me Id thdi gian edn dd ndng cap phan Cfng to quy md phdng thf nghiem ldn thiet
bj phan dng Idn se Idu hdn Tuy eung cd
mdt sd didu kidn thf nghidm thfch hpp c i
la nhung trodng hop hiem hoi Thodng chOng ta se phai thay ddi nhiet dp, dp sudt, thdi gian phan Cfng, qud trinh ed va thdm chf phai thay ddi cd cdc tac nhdn phan Cfng
Qua trinh san xudt mdt me 500g retlnol tinh khidt cao Id vf du dien hinh eho vdn dd nay, vi retlnol tinh khidt khdng phai Id phdn
td' de thao tae,- nd khdng 6n dinh d nhiSt
dp phan Ong vd nhay cam vdl ca khdng khf lan anh sang 6 che dp phan Cfng me, khd ndng tdi lap dieu kien cda qua trinh khd kem, hidu sudt thu hoi thdp (thodng ehi dat 40%) vd can 16 gid de hodn thdnh NhOng
ed le khd khdn Idn nhat trong san xudt retlnol tinh khiet cao la khdng thd Idm sach san pham thd Ddy Id vdn de thge s g Idn ddi
vdi vide phat tridn tiep qua trinh phan Ong mk
6 day, qua trinh ddng chay lien tyc dd dope dp dung thdnh cdng, Yeu to then ehdt eho thanh cdng ndy id vide trdnh dope ket tOa lam tac dng phan Cmg De dat dope vide dd,
he thdng dung mdl dd dope thay ddi tO metanol va node nho dd dope sCf dung trong ehd dp phan Ong me Hal ddng tac nhdn rieng
re dooc nap vdo thiet bj phan dng ddng chay, mdt ddng vdi I M retinyl axetat trong THF vd ddng thO hai vdi KOH 2M trong dung dich node, ea hai d nhidt dp phan Cfng 60''C Node lam ngudi trgc tidp di ra tO mdt thidt bj phan Cfng ddng chay vd dl vdo thidt bj phan Ong ddng chay ke tldp, dam bao thdi gian phan Cfng vd edc dieu kien khde khdng thay ddi trong toan bd qud trinh
Qua trinh nay nay da dtigc tdi ou hda ea ve
mdt do thOa KOH lan tde dp ddng ehay Nd ed thd san xudt retlnol vdi dd tinh khidt 99,9% vd san lopng 35g/gid D d tinh khidt cao ndy gdy phat trong qua trinh boat ddng lidn tuc
Trang 3D o t i n h Ithiet c a o
Nhung vdn de ve dd tinh khidt
cd thd dope giai quyet bang edeh
sO dyng qud trinh ddng ehay lien
tyc Vf dy, ngdy nay nhu cau ddi
vdi cac chdt long ion dang ngdy
edng Idn, vdi nhOng Ong dyng tO
dung mdl eho den cac chat dien ly
Tuy nhien, viec san xuat chOng d
dang tinh khiet du cao van la thach
thOe ldn trong thge t d san xudt, dde
biet Id d quy md ldn, vi cd nhieu
khd khdn trong vlee loai bd tap
c h a t v d dung mdi
Trong qua trinh phdt trien nhieu
dang chdt long ion ed dp tinh khidt
cao d quy md 5 kg mot vdn de
thgc t d Id hien topng nga mau vdng
xudt hidn trong chd't Idng md
khdng the dope loai bd ndu nhiet
dp phan Cfng tdng len tren 20''C Trdnh dope
hien tOpng nay trong ehe dp phan Cfng me Id
manh vd vide dat dp tinh khidt tren 96% Id rdt
khd khdn
Thaeh thOc nay da dooc vopt qua bang
each chuyen sang chd dp phan Ong ddng
chay lidn tyc Nhd dd ed thd dat san lopng 1,5
kg/ gid, vdi dp tinh khidt tren 98% Trong khi
dd, viee sCf dung binh thdy tinh Id ydu t d quan
trpng di tranh g i vd viec loai bd nhiet bang
binh phan Ong thdy tinh vdi kenh rdng 2 mm
Id du di ngdn hinh thdnh tap chat cd mdu
Cde phan dng tda nhiet nhanh nho phan dng
nay da cd the dtigc kiem soat trong ddng ehay
nhd kha ndng loai bd nhiet d o ngay sau khi nd
dope tao ra, giam xu hodng tao thanh san
phdm phu
Nang cao d o an t o a n
Cd te mdt trong nhung uo diem Idn nhat
eda vlee sti dung thidt bi phan Ong ddng chay
lidn tyc so vdi thiet bi phan Ong me Id nd cd
chd't nguy hiem Trong eac thiet bj phan Ong
me, nhung lopng Idn eac tac nhdn nguy hiem
cd the tao ra nhung rdi ro Idn ca ddi vdi ngOdi
Nhong d thiet bj ddng ehay, lopng cac chdt
nguy hiem cd mdt trong thidt bj phan Cfng vdo
bdt cti luc ndo eung nhd hon nhieu va tao ra ft
rOi ro hon
DAST (N,N - Diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride)
Id tac nhdn flo hda thdng thodng, dope sO dung trong san xudt nhieu chat trung gian dope pham quan trpng ed chOa ede nguyen t d flo Tuy nhien, DAST khd thao tde trong che
dp phan dng me vi nhiet phdn hOy cOa nd
thap Tuy phai tinh chd bang cdch chOng ed't, cae tap chat tao thdnh trong qua trinh chOhg eat se Idm giam tiep dp ben nhiet cda nd Ddy
la mdt rdi ro tdng them vi nd phan Cfng de ddng vdi node, tao thanh axit hydrofloric ddc Cau tra ldi ndm d viee san xuat DAST ngay trong thidt bi phan Ong ddng ehay, sau dd doa
nd vao thidt bj phan Ong ddng ehay Hen tuc hda Khi dd, vlee thiet kd edn than la cdn thiet
vi sulfur tetrafluoride dope sijf dung de san xudt DAST sdi d - 40=0 NgOdl ta da phat trien ddng ehay De lam vlee dd, phan Cfng san
xuat DAST dagc thgc hien ma khdng sd dung
dung mdl
Khi sCf dung thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay
lien tue di san xuat DAST, chdng ta ed the dat nang sudt 10 kg/ ngdy D d dn dinh cda
san phdm thd khdng thay ddi, nhong the tfch nhd va tidt dien nhd da Idm tang dang ke dd
an toan Phoong phdp ndy cd the dope ap dung de thgc hidn cae qua trinh flo hda lien tyc tren quy md Idn vdi ehi phf thap hon, sCf
Trang 4dung DAST thd
Md rong pham vi ap d u n g cac quy t r i n h
phan Ong
Trong mdt sd trodng hpp ede thidt bi phan
Cfng ddng chay tao dieu kien dieu che nhOng
hpp chdt mdi ma trodc dd khdng thd dope
"thge hien bang thiet bj phan Ong me Ngodl ra,
neu qua trinh san xuat cd s d dyng eae hda
ehd't nguy hiem hode don gian la qua trinh dd
khdng thd hoat ddng d quy md ldn hpn, vlee
s d d y n g nhOng lOpng nhd hda chat trong thidt
bj phan Cfng van hanh d dieu kien ddng ehay
lien tuc eung td ra Id cd Ipi hon so vdi d thiet
bi phan ufng me
Mdt vf du cho trodng hpp ndy Id
o-oxy-lylendiamin hydroclorua Ddy la san pham
can dugc san xuat d quy md kg, nhOng ehung
ta khong cd quy trinh tdng hpp an toan nao di
cd thd san xuat nd d nhung lopng ldn trong
thldt bj phan Cfng me Tuy nhien, hpp chat ndy
ed the dope san xudt d quy md micro trong
eac me phan Cfng, bdng edeh do chung ta se
thidt lap cac thdng sd phan Crng va dd tan,
ddng thdi kiem tra dp an todn eda qua trinh
Viec dd rat quan trpng, vi mdt trong cac tac
nhdn phan dng dope sCf dung trong qud trinh
la natri azit vOa de chay no vOa ed dde tfnh
eao Khi qua trinh ndy dugc chuyen sang thiet
bj phan Cfng ddng chay, hai bodc phan Cfng se
dope tdeh ridng Qua trinh tao thdnh dlazld vd
qua trinh khd thanh dlamin dope thgc hien
ehay ridng rS, tO dd cd thd phdt tridn quy trinh an todn vd hidu qua de san xuat hpp chat ndy -hpp ehdt ma thodng khdng thd dope tiep can theo each khae Quy trinh san xuat nho vay trdnh dope nhu cau tdeh ridng chat trung gian diazid khdng ben Hon hpp phan Ong thd se di vdo thldt bj phan Cfng ddng ehay thCf hai eung vdi tac nhan khCf trlph-enylphosphin trong toluen Phdn Cfng dau tien - qua trinh tao thdnh
diazit - cd the dagc thac hidn an
todn d 90°C trong node, thdi gian lou trong thiet bj phan Ong ddng chay Id 10 p h d i Qua trinh khd dien ra trong 8 phut d thldt bj phan Ong ddng chay thO hal Hieu suat thu hdi tdng the dat 60% Nhd dd, chdng ta ed thd san xudt hpp chd't dlamin ndy vdl san lopng Ikg/ngdy
San xua't cac s a n p h a m k e m ben Ddi khi tfnh khdng on dinh cda ban thdn san phdm khie'n cho khdng the thgc hien eae phan Ong me d quy md Idn Nhdng gi ed thd dope tdng hpp trong phdng thf nghidm hodc thdm chf d quy md pilot thi ddi khi dOn gian Id khdng the dope thgc hidn d quy md dd Idn dd dap Ong eac nhu cau thOdng mai Thgc hien nhieu me phan dng nhd hon se cho phep ddp Ong nhu cau dd, nhung viec nay thgdng khdng ed hieu qua ve mat chi phi, thdi gian hodc cdng sudt Cde thldt bj phan Ong ddng chay Hen tuc cd the tao dieu kien san xudt nhung san pham nho vay d nhOng lopng Idn bang each dPn gian Id de cho thiet bj phan ufng van hanh lau hOn
Vf du cho trodng hpp nay Id etyl diazoaxe-tat, mdt hpp chat cd nhieu Ong dyng nho tac
nhan trong tdng hpp hOu cP vd ddc bidt hdu
fch nho tien chat trong qua trinh propan vdng hda cdc alken Hpp chat nay rat khdng ben de
nd phai dope giO trong cae dung mdl thfch hpp Nhu cau thj tardng dd'i vdl hda chdt ndy han san xua't an todn chl Id 3 kg/me hodc thidt
bj phan Ong dung tich 50 I, hoan todn khdng
Trang 5Bdng cdch don gian Id c h u y i n sang thidt bj
phan Cfng ddng chay lidn tyc, ngodi ta ed the
tidn hdnh vlee ndng edp can thiet dd dap Ong
nhu cau thj trodng ddi vdi etyl diazoaxetat Khi
dp dung quy trinh hda hpc toong t g nho qua
trinh me, qua trinh ddng chay trong trong thidt
bj phan Cfng ddng chay dung tfch 50 ml cho
phep san xudt etyl diazoaxetat d dang dung
djeh 15% trpng lopng trong toluen, thfch hpp
tai, cdc thidt bi phan Cfng ddng ehay da dat
cdng sudt 10 kg etyl diazoaxetat tinh khidt/
ngay, qua trinh san xudt ed thd dope nang edp
Idn quy md ldn hon di dap Ong nhu cau
Giam t h d i gian va chi p h i s a n xua't
Thldt bj phan Cfng ddng chay lien tuc cung
ed thd cho phep san xuat nhanh hon vd dat
hidu qua cao hon ve mdt chi phf trong nhldu
trodng hpp, vf dy khi san xudt thude nhudm
quang erdm - ddy la loai thude nhudm dope sd
dyng cho nhOng dang mdi eda kfnh ddi mdu,
loai kfnh ndy ed thd ddi mau nhanh hon nhieu
so vdi eac loai kfnh sCf dyng cac Idp phd vdi
6 ddy, vd'n di vdi qud trinh me Id nhiet dp can
thidt rd't eao (245°C) vd san pham san xudt d
quy md ndng cap ed xu hOdng bi phdn hdy
vide san xudt nhufng lopng Idn vat lidu ndy,
nhOng dd Id vdi gidi han mdt me khoang lOOg
me de san xuat dd lopng vdt lieu dope yeu
cau Day ro rang khdng phai Id quy trinh ly
todng, vi khach hdng yeu eau cung cd'p 75 kg
san pham trung gian nay cho bodc thO to
trong qua trinh tdng hpp 9 bOdc eda minh
Vdi mue dfch chuyen sang qua trinh ddng
ehdy lien tyc, mdt dung mdi vdi dp sdi eao
thfch hpp da dagc xde ^ n h tO nhdm cac
gly-col ete vd qua trinh da dope thgc hien trong
thldt bi phan Cfng dang dng vdi vat lidu thep
nhiet dd phan ufng 270°C Khi thge hien phan
Cfng ddng ehay trong thdi gian lien tyc 24 gid/
rodi ngodi ta da san xud't dii vat lieu cho nhu
cau 3 nam san xudt eua khach hdng neu tren
Chi phf san xuat giam 12% so vdi phan Cmg
me, thdi gian phan dng ngan vd dope xae djnh
rd rang, nhd dd tao dieu kien xdy dung quy trinh san xuat vdi hieu qua chi phf cao Ngay nay, ed nhieu ITnh vgc ma trong dd cac thiet bi phan Cfng ddng ehay dd ehOng td
nhdng tiu diem cda mlnh Nhong can phai
nhdn manh rang eung cd nhOng qua trinh md
hien tai khdng thd dagc thge hien trong cac
thidt bj phan Ong ddng chay hodc ndu thge hien nhO vay se khdng ed Ipi so vdi cac thidt
bj phan Ong me Mdt trong nhthig vf du Id eae phan Cfng khdng dong nhdt, khi dd ede dng nhd eda cae thldt bj phan Ong ddng chay vdl kfch thodc to 10 (im ddn vdi mm se ed nhldu kha ndng bj tde
Nhin chung, hien nay cd the col cae thldt bj phan Ong ddng chay la thidt bj san xuat bd sung cho fTnh vge san xud't hda chd't tinh khidt
vd hda dope, ehung tao dieu kien san xuat an nhieu dang phan Ong Khdng nghi ngd gl rang, khi ngay cang cd nhidu ede edng ty hda ehdt sCf dung cac thiet bj phan Cfng ddng chay ehdng ta se chiftig kidn nhieu san phdm bat ngd vd thd vj ma thdng thodng rat khd san xuat hode san xudt quy md Idn trong cde qua trinh phan Ong me •
TN
Theo Chemistry & Industry
11/2013