Trong bdi bdo ndy, nhom tdc gid da phdn tich cdc hpa tiit dien hinh & cdc cong trinh vdn hda, tic do lua chpn phuong dn vd thiit ki sa do dpng; Dua ra gidi phdp tinh todn thiit ki kit c
Trang 1NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D6\
MOT PHU-aNG PHAP TINH TOAN, THIET KS MAY CNC
3 TRUC GIA CONG G 6 CHAT Ll/QNG CAO
A METHOD CALCULATION, DESIGN THE 3 AXIS CNC ROUTER WOOD
MACHINE IN HIGH QUALITY
PGS,TS Pham VSn Hiing, TS Le Due Bao, TS Nguyin Thi Ngoc Huyen
Trudng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Npi
TOM TAT
Hiin nay, vi^c bdo ton, ton tgo cdc di sdn vdn hoa trong nu&c vd gia cong cdc sdn phdm
my ngh§ npi ngogi thdt ngdy cdng tdng cd vi so lugng vd chdt lugng Do do suphdt triin cdc
he mdy dieu khiin so trong linh vg-c gia cong go la cdn thiet Trong bdi bdo ndy, nhom tdc gid da phdn tich cdc hpa tiit dien hinh & cdc cong trinh vdn hda, tic do lua chpn phuong dn vd thiit ki
sa do dpng; Dua ra gidi phdp tinh todn thiit ki kit cdu, chi tgo thiit bi theo nguyen tdc modun hda Mdy phay CNC gia cong go tich hgp he thong dieu khiin hien dgi dua trin nin tdng cong ngh4 CAD/CAM/CNC, co khd ndng phuc vu triing tu, ton tgo cdc cong trinh vdn hda trong nu&c cung nhu gia cong cdc sdn phdm go npi, ngogi thdt thay the cdc thiet bi ngogi nhap
Tir khda: Mdy phay CNC; Mdy gia cong go; Tinh todn thiet ki mdy CNC
ABSTRACT
Nowaday, the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage in the country and processed products interior art is increasing in both quantity and quality The development of computer numerical control system in the field of wood proces is needed and many scientists interest In this paper, we analy of typical wood workpieces in the cultural, choose diagram of CNC machine; then design, calculation machine folowing the principle of manufacturing modules This machine
is integrated modern control system by the application of CAD/CAM/CNC and has serving restoration and renovation of cultural facilities in the country as well as processed wood products interior and exterior replace the imported machines
Keywords: CNC machine; Router wood machine; Caculation, design of CNC machine.^
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Trang 2NGHIEN cufu-TRAO 061
l.DATVANDE
Gia cdng cac san phlim gd npi ngoai
that cho eae cdng trinh van hda, di san truyen
thdng cua Viet Nam, dung cac may CNC gia
cdng gd 2D va 3D vdi chuyen dpng tao hinh
theo phuong phap phay, tien hoac trung tam gia
cdng, sd true chuyen dgng cd the 3,4 hoac 5
true Gia cong CNC cd thi tao hinh dugc cac be
mat hoa van phiic tap, franh thdng, be mat bieu
tugng cac linh vat hoac cac tugng khong gian
Viec nghien ciiu thiet ke, ehe tao va tich
hgp thilt bi CNC frong gia cdng gd ndi ngoai
that cd kich thudc Idn la giai phap ky thuat cao,
thuc su la cka thilt cho muc tieu duy tri va phat
frien gia tri van hda truyen thdng, dam net dan
gian Dong thdi la co sd eho viec xay dung dgi
ngu thiet ke, che tao va tich hpp ddng may gia
cdng gd ky thuat eao tai Viet Nam, lam chu ky
thuat cao, tinh vi frong cac san pham xuat khau
2 NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ
2.1 So' do nguyen ly may gia cdng g5
- Thiet ke may CNC gia cdng gd kich
thudc Idn phuc vu trung tu, sua chua cac di tich
van hoa nhu: Hoa van cua cac biic vach; Khung
cua; Cac biic hoanh phi; Cau ddi hoae be mat cd
hpa tiet phiic tap 2D1/2 De dam bao tinh cdng
nghe, lira chpn phuang an thiet ke may CNC 3
true gdm: Chuyen ddng chinh (true chinh) la
chuyen dpng quay tron cua dao de tao ra van
tde cat; Chuyen ddng chay dao do true chinh
mang dao thuc hien va dugc din ddng bing 3
dpng CO rieng biet chuyen dpng tinh tiln theo
ba phuong X, Y, Z; Ban may mang phdi diing
yen So dl ddng cua may CNC 3 true dugc thi
hien fren hinh 1
Hinh 1 Phuong dn sa do ddng mdy CNC 3 true
2.2 Thiet ke, che tao co" khi may CNC gia cong gS
Vdi xu hudng ehe tao may hien dai theo nguyen tac modun hda, cd the lua chgn dat cac option khac nhau phu hgp yeu cau ve ky thuat
va tai chinh May gia cdng gd CNC 3 true duoc thiet ke, che tao theo tung cum rieng biet gom:
- Cum than may CNC: Than may dugc thiet ke ed kich thudc Idn diing de do ban may, cot diing, xa ngang, lap dudng din hudng, lap bao che Phuong an thiet ke chi tao than may
la dung thep hop kich thudc I OOx 100x4 va thep tam Than may dugc nang cao chat lugng voi phuong phap td hgp vat lieu Composit
- He thdng ban may, kep phdi: Ban may
cd kich thudc 2400x1500, dugc thilt kl dang ban may cd ranh chir T, ghep td cac khung nhdm dinh hinh dam bao ciing viing Co cau kep phdi sii dung ddn kep theo tieu chuan [6] cac dang phdi phang, Idn
- He thdng gdi do: Cac gdi dd tai cac ngdng true vit me bi la cum chi tiet tieu chuan duoc ga lip vdi than may Gdi dd cho cac true
X, Y, Z kiim nghiem dii bin cho gia cdng g6
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Trang 3NGHIEN cufu-TRAOe6l
- He thong true chinh: Dugc dan dpng
true tiep bang dpng ca liln true, didu Idiien
vo cap Item theo driver Dong co g4n lien true
chinh CO ky hieu GDZ - 100 - 3, cong suit
3000W, s6 vong quay max =24000 v/ph phii
hpp voi may gia eong g6
Trong do: 1) Bdn mdy; 2) Thdn mdy; 3) Bao che;
4) True vitme true Y; 5) Ddn hu&ng true Y; 6)
Du&ng ddn hu&ng; 7) He thdng true chinh
Hinh 2: Phan thiet ke co khi mdy phay CNC 3 true
gia cdng gd
- He thdng true vitme bi va dudng dan
hudng bi dang trdn cho true X, Y, Z True vit
me bi cho true Y cd chilu dai cho trudc L
-1500mm, van tdc yeu cau cua may: v ^ 4m/ph;
tdc dp vdng quay cua ddng co n^^ ^ 1500 v/
ph; Van tdc chay Ian nhk khi khong gia cdng
^max~ 14m/ph; tai frpng ddng theo tinh toan: C^
= 2240 kgf, tai frpng tinh theo tinh toan: C^^
5896 kgf
Budc cua vit me:
-n^ax 1500
Chgn t = 10 mm
(1)
Dudng kinh chan ren true vit me bi theo
cdng thiic:
Trong dd: f - He so phu thudc kieu lap dat 6 do fren true vitssme, vdi kieu lap dat cua may CNC 3 true thilt k l 15p kieu do chan - tiiy
d p n g f = 15,1
Thay vao cong thiic (2) tinh toan dupe d^ ^ 22 mm
Tren ca sd budc vit me, dudng kinh chpn so bd true vit me ky hieu 25-I0-B2 FSV cua hang HIWIN cd budc vit me t = 10mm;
Dudng kinh vit me Dm = 25mm Tuang tu tinh toan eho true X, Z, chpn so bd true vit me true
X, Z ky hieu 32-10-B2 FSV vai chilu dai true vit me true X: L = 3000 mm; chieu dai true vit
me true L = 420 mmm
Dudng dan hudng bi cho cac true X, Y,
Z dua fren tai frpng dpng tinh toan C^ = 135kgf, tai trpng tinh tinh toan C,, = 210kgf, chpn so
bd dudng dan hudng bi hang OZAK dang frdn, ddi vdi dudng dan bi true X, Z cd ky hieu GTAW30, ddi vdi dudng dan hudng bi true Y GTAW25
He thdng dan ddng chay dao: Tren
eo sd tinh toan momen phat dpng cua may M
= 4.2N/m, theo cdng thiic tinh toan cdng suat dpng CO (3):
fJ^^^.T, (W) (3)
Trong do:
n - Tdc dp quay cua dgng co n^ 2000 v/ph
Tl - Hieu suM cua dpng co 1^=0.8
Cdng suat dpng co tinh toan P = 703W,
chpn dgng co dan dpng cho 3 true X, Y, X su dung ddng ca lai (Hybrid seevo motor) cdng suat^
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Trang 4NGHIEN cufu - TRAO eOl 1
750W, n ^ 3000v/ph Ddng ca Hybird cd uu
dilm so vdi dgng co budc thdng thudng la
khdng hi tieu hao nhieu ve nhiet, momen, lam
viec em va chinh xac ban Ddng co gan lien
true chinh co ky hieu GDZ - 100 - 3, cdng suat
3000W, sd vdng quay max =24000 v/ph phu
hgp vdi may gia cdng go
2.3 Thilt k l he thdng dilu khien m^y CNC
He thdng dieu khiln CNC: Nhan thdng
tin tir chuang trinh NC, xu ly va xudt tin hieu
dilu khien cac ddng c a truyin dpng tao thanh
hanh frinh dich chuyen eiia dung eu gia cdng
H? thdng dieu khien theo chu trinh kin cho may
phay gd CNC vdi Encoder giam sat cac true
chuyen dpng Hinh 3 - So dd nguyen ly dilu
khien toan may CNC 3 true
- • ^ " p
r
!.„.„
j ^ :
;.,
- ^
«
Ti/-£k
/
i
^
^
Hinh 3: Sa do nguyen ly dieu khiin
SO du lieu anh: May anh, may scan, may quet hoac dien tho^i smartphone, dua vao may tinh
xu ly bang phin m i m xii ly anh JDPamt, xuit file chuong trinh NC, truyin dir lieu vao may CNC, ga dat phdi fren may, iiy chuin may, chuin phdi va gia cdng theo chuang trinh trfin phan mem NC Studio
Hmh 4: Xu ly thong tin tren mdy CNC 3 tryc
Tich hpp phan di8u khi§n (tu di6u khiln) va phan co khi tao nen may CNC hoan chinh dupe thS hien tren hinh 5
Hinh 5: May CNC gia cong gdBKRW20l4
3 PHl/ONG PHAP GIA CONG GO TREN MAY BKRW2014
True CAD/CAM/CNC dupe sil dimg Qua trinh xu ly thong tin trong may cho thi& bi hien dai gia cong go vtf quy trinh CNC dupe the hien qua so da hinh 4 Tir co dupe the hien hinh 6
Hinh Inh
chgpui m^tlnh Phinmim Cad Phin mim Cam G-code ,
PhinmM CNC
GlacOngMr m^CNC
Hinh 6: Sa do nguyen ly xir ly dnh cho mdy
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Trang 5NGHIEN cufu-TRAODOI
Cct sd du lieu la cac hinh anh ehup di 4 KET QUA CHAY THU' NGHIEM
cac cdng^ trinh can triing tu (cau ddi, hoanh
phi, xagd, ciia gd, vach, ) hoac anh miu trong Miu san phim chay thir nghiem ban thu vien Dir lieu anh dugc dua vao phan mem dau: Tranh gd "Chua mpt cdt " cd kich thudc CAD xu ly, t€p tin dugc vao phin mim CAM I70x340x8mm va "Khue Van Cac" cd kich
de md phdn§ gia cdng Cac thdng sd gia cdiig thudc 430x620x10 mm Anh du lieu fren hinh nhu thdng sd dao, tinh chit vat lieu gd, chilu 8, hinh 9:
sau cat, lugng chay dao dupe nhap vao phin
mem Tien hanh md phdng va xuit chuong
trinh gia cdng thanh t$p tin NC chiia cac lenh
G - code su diing cho phan mem dilu khiln
may CNC (hinh 7)
Hinh 7: Sa do xir ly, hieu chinh dnh trong phdn
mem dieu khien
Phan mem dieu khien may nhan tep
tin chiia chuong trinh gia cong, tien hanh md
phdng gia cdng tren phan mem Neu qua trinh
md phdng khdng phat sinh loi thi chuang frinh
se thuc hien gia edng that fren may Cae san
pham thu nghiem duprc gia cdng fren may CNC
3 true la cau fra Idi eho sir thanh cdng eua may
Hinh 9: Khue Vdn Cdc
Tren co sd dir Heu anh hinh 8, hinh 9 da
xu ly, xuat chuong trinh chay fren may CNC 3 true BKRW - 2014 vdi cac thdng sd ky thuat ehay thii nghiem trong bang 1
f 1: Che do gia cong
STT
1
2
Ten
tranh
Chua
Mpt
C9t
Khue
van
Ckc
Lo^i go
G5de
G6^p
nhSn
Kich thin^c
mm
170x340x10
430x620x10
Che do gia cong Chi d$ gia c6ng thd
- So vong quay tryc chinh: 15 OOOvong/
- Biroc tien dao Ion nhat: 4000mm/ph -Chieu s3u cat Ion nhat: 7mm
-Dung cu cat: goc cat 30", ban kinh mui dao 0 4mm
-Then gian c5t: 0,3 ca
Che d9 gia cong tinh
- So vong quay true chinh:
!5,000v6ng/ph
- Bucrc tien dao Ion nhat 4000mm/ph -Chieu sau cat Ion nhSt 7mm -Dung cu cat' goc cat 300, ban kinh miii dao 0.4mm
-Thai gian cat: 0,3 ca -So vong quay true chinh: 18.000v6ng/ph
-Bupc tien dao Icm nhat: 4000mm/ph Chieu sau cat Ion nhat 10mm
-Dung cu cat- goc cJt 30", ban kinh mfli dao 0,4mm -Thoi gian cat: 0,3 ca
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Trang 6NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D 6 |
Thdi gian gia cdng fren may CNC 3
Uric BKRW-2014:
- Gia cong franh CHUA M Q T C O T : 4h
- Gia eong tranh KHUE V A N C A C : 2h30ph
Hinh anh san pham sau gia cdng Chua
Mpt Cot va Khue Van Cac dugc the hien fren
hinh 10
b) Khue Vdn Cdc
Hinh 10: Sdn phdm dd gia cdng tren mdy CNC 3 trgc
5 K E T LUAN
May CNC 3 tryc BKRW - 2014 dugc
thilt ke theo nguyen tie modun hda khac biet
so vdi cac may CNC dang cd tren thi trudng
nhap ngoai do su dung dudng din hudng bi va
true vit me bi May cd kha nang md rdng tinh
nang, linh hoat frong viec thay ddi mlu ma,
chat lucmg cua san pham gd npi, ngoai thit, dap
ling dupe tien do cho phuc hdi va trung m cac
cdng trinh di tich van hda
MayphayCNCgiacdnggoBKRW2014 dugc thiet ke, che tao va thih toan hoan chinh vdi cac thdng sd ky thuat sau:
- Kich thudc toan may: 3500x2300x 1800mm; Hanh trinh tdi da ciia dung eu: 2400xI300x230mm;
Cdng suat true chinh: 3 kW; nmax 24000v/ph;
- Tdc dp chay dao tdi da: 4000mni/ph;
- Kich thudc phdi Idn nhit cd thi gia cong: 2200x1100mm;
- Dp chinh xac: 0,2mm - Da dupe kiim dinh QUATESTI;
- Kha nang ket ndi vdi thilt bi ngoai vi: USB,
Rs 232, mang Lan, Wifi;
- True X, Y, Z: True vit me bi, dudng din hudng bi
May CNC 3 true BKRW20I4 dupe thiet ke, che tao, tich hop thanh cdng may CNC
3 true BKRW2014 tao dilu kien d l phat triln ddng may gia cdng cac tranh gd dupe fram khac tinh vi, dac biet la fram khac tren cac bl mat tru phuc vu trung tu eae chi tilt dang cot kich thudc Idn frong cac cdng trinh van h6a.*> Ngay nhan bai: 05/01/2015
Ngay phan bien: 14/02/2015 Tai li^u t h a m khao:
[1] Trinh Chat, Le Van Uyln; Tinh todn thiet ki
hi ddn dong ca khi, tap 1, 2; NXB Giao due, 2006 [2] Nguyin Quang Hung, Trin Ngpc Binh, Dong
ca buac - KI thudt diiu khiin vd img dung, NXB
Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, 2003
[3] Ta Duy Liem; He thdng dieu khiin so trong mdy cdng cu, NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat, 2001 [61 Nguyen Tien Diing; Fundamental ofelectny-eleclronic circuts; NXB Bach khoa - Ha Npi, 2010 [7], G E Thyer; Computer Numerical Control of Machine Tools, Second edition; NXB Butterworth
-Heinemann, 199L
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TAP C H i CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2015