Tren dong eo chay do nen, ẠS.Ramadhas da tao ra khi sinh khoi t d xo va vd cay de cung cap cho dpng ca [6], ket qua cho thay hieu suat nhiet giam khi đng eo hoat đng d che dp sd dung la
Trang 1NGHIEN CUU TONG QUAN VE SUf DUNG NHIEN LIEU KHI SYNGAS TREN DONG ca DOT TRONG
A STUDY ON THE USE OF SYNTHESIS GAS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Bui Van Chinh, Khong Vu Quang,
Pham Van The
Tomtit
Hien nay, the gidi dang flung trudc nguy co khung hoafig nguon nang luong nghiem trong va su nong len
cilia trai dat, nguyen nhan chinh la do sil dung nhien lieu truyen thong co nguon goc hoa thach nhu than
da va dau mo fle phat trien ben vilng con ngUcii can tim ra cac dang nang luong tai tao de thay the nhien
lieu hoa thach Khisyngas hay con dUOc goi la khf hon hop gom hai thanh phan chinh CO va H^ co the difdc
col la tiem nang hon ca trong viec gi^i guyet cac van de neu tren Bai bao trinh bay mpt so ket qua nghien
cull anh hifdng ci^a syngas Sen dac tinh kinh te, ky thuat va phat thai cua dong co
Tif khoa: flpng cO dot trong; phat thtii; khf syngas, hon hop
Abstract
In the several last decades, our society was experienced with high oil prices and global warming threats
mainly caused by extensive use of traditional fossilliiels such as coal and crude oil In thefuture, renewable
and environmental friendly sources of energy would be more and more attractive A mixture of mamly
CO and H,, synthesis gas that Is called syngas is could potentially play a significant role In solving the
problems mentioned above This paper shows some effects of syngas on the perfomiance and emissions
of internal combustion engine (ICE)
Keywords: Internal combustion engine, emissions, synthesis gas, mixture
ThS Biji Van Chinh - Tmcmg E)ai hoc Cfing nghiep Ha Ngi
PGS.TS.KhdngViiQiiang,PGS.TS Pham Van Tlie'
Tn/Ong flai hoc BJch khoa Ha N5i
Email: chinhbv@haui.edu.vn
1.GldlTHl£U CHUNG
Syngas la mot hon hop khi, thanh
phan chCi yeu gom H^ va CO; va lUdng
nhd CO^ Nj, H^O Khi syngas dung de
sin xuat amoniac va methanol hoac
daoc bien doi qua chu trinh
Rseher-Tropsch de Scin xuat cac loai nhien lieu
khi syngas Khi syngas rat de chay nen
daoc stf dung nha mdt loai nhien lieu
thay the cho ddng cd dot trong [1 ]
Ngay nay, nhien lieu khi syngas la
Ngaynhanbai: 25/8/2014 Ngay chap nhan Sang; 20/10/2014
mdt san pham trung gian quan trong trong nganh edng nghiep hda chat
Hang nam, tong cdng khoang 6 EJ nhien lieu khi syngas daoc san xuat tren toan the gidi, tUc^ng dng vdi gan 2% tong tieu thu nang lapng [2] Thi trudng the gidi ddi vdi nhien lieu khf syngas (phan Idn la taeae ngudn nang lucftig hda thach nha than da, khf ta nhien, dau va chat thai) chu yeu tap trung nganh cdng nghiep amoniac Mot dng dung khac cua nhien
lieu khf syngas la san xuat hydro de sd dung trong cac nha may Ipc dau va de san xuat methanol Sinh khoi la nguon nang luong tai tao trong taong lai vdi tiem nang sin lUOTig Idn, day cung la nguon nang lupng tai tao va cd do ben vdng cao Vl vay, viec ap dung sinh khdi san xuat nhien lieu va hda chat cho phep giam nhu cau tieu thy cac loai nhien lieu hda thach va giam dupe eac thanh phan phat thai doc hai
Nhieu nha khoa hoc da thac hien eac nghien cdu sCrdung nhien lieu khisyngas tren ddng ca dot trong CD.Rakopouios
da danh gia tinh nang lam viec va hinh thanh phat thai NO eua ddng co danh ICta cadng bijic sCf dung nhien lieu khi syngas tai nhieu che do tai tren md hlnh chay da viing [3] R.G.Papagiannakis va eac cdng su da danh gia eac tinh nang van hanh va khi thai cua ddng eo danh Ida cadng biJc khi sd dung nhien lieu khf syngas so sanh vdi khf thien nhien tai cung he so da luong khdng khf lambda (\) [4] Ket qua cho thay edng suat dong
CO cd cai thien mpt chut so vdi khi chay khi thien nhien, suat tieu hao nhien lieu
cd fch (BSFC) tang dang ke va phat thai
NO va CO tang len Ajay Shah va eac edng sa da nghien cdu tinh nang lam viec va phat thai cua dong co danh Ida cadng bufe dan ddng may phat dien khi
sd dung nhien lieu khi syngas ed nguon
Trang 2gde sinh khdi [5], thd nghiem nay duoe
tien hanh tren may phat cd cdng suat 5,5
kW duoc hoan cai de van hanh vdi 100%
nhien lieu khi syngas, luong nhien lieu
khi syngas sd dung dUdc dieu chinh sao
cho dat daoc cdng suat taong dUOng khi
sđung xang Ketqua cho thay phat thai
CO va NOj, thap hon, trong khi CÔ tang
len dang ke khi chay nhien lieu syngas
Tren dong eo chay do nen,
ẠS.Ramadhas da tao ra khi sinh khoi t d
xo va vd cay de cung cap cho dpng ca
[6], ket qua cho thay hieu suat nhiet giam
khi đng eo hoat đng d che dp sd dung
ladng nhien lieụ Phat thai CO va CÔ eua
đng CO khi sd dung ladng nhien lieu
cao hon so vdi trudng hdp sd dung don
nhien lieu diesel B.B.Sahoo danh gia Inh
hudng cua t;^ le H/CO trong nhien lieu
khi syngas den cac thdng so lam viec eua
đng co diesel sd dung lUdng nhien lieu
[7], trong nghien cdu, tac gia da sd dung
nhien lieu khi syngas vdi ty le H/CO Ian
luot la 100:0; 75:25; 50:50 va 0:100; ket
qui the hien hieu suat nhiet cua dong co
ladng nhien lieu tang len khi tang ty le
H trong nhien lieu khi syngas; cac thanh
phan phat thai HC, CO va COj deu cai
thien khi tang ty le cua CO trong nhien
lieu khf syngas, trong khi đ phat thai
NO cd xu huciing nguoc laị R.Uma cung
sd dung nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap
cho dong co may phat dien diesel; thd
nghiem duoc tien hanh tai bon ehe dp
tai, him lupng CO, CÔ, 50^, HC va phat
thIi dang hat (PIVl) da dape xac dinh [8];
ket q u i cho thay hieu suat nhiet cua
dong cd gilm khi sd dung ladng nhien
lieu, phat thai CO va HC tang, trong khi
NÔ, SOj va PM giam
Nhu vaỵ nghien cOu sd dung nhien
lieu khi syngas tren dpng co dot trong da
duoc nhieu t i c gia tien hanh vdi nhieu
ket qua khac nhaụ Tren co sd eac ket
q u i nghien cdu nay ed the phan tich
danh gia dUOc anh hadng ciia nhien lieu
khf syngas den cac thdng so kinh te, ky
thuat cung nhd phat thai dpc hai eua
đng cọ Bai bao nay trinh bay v l phan
Khi thien nhien San pham dau mô
Than da Sinh khoi
_ ^ San pham chay+ Q
Hinh 1 Quy trinh tong guan ve qua trinh san xuat nhien lieu khi syngas tieh mdt sd ket qui nghien cdu dien hinh vao nhiet dp va tinh chat cCia ngufin tren the gidl ve viec sd dung nhien lieu
khf syngas tren đng cọ Bai bao la tai lieu tham khao hOu ich eho cae nghien cuu, cai tien, ehuyen doi cac loai đng co sd dung nhien lieu truyen thong sang sd dung nhien lieu khisyngas
2 TONG QUAN S A N X U A T VA MOT
SO TINH CHAT CClA NHI^N LIEU KHJ SYNGAS
Nhien lieu khi syngas duac san xuat
ta eac hop chat chda cacbon nhu khf thien nhien, san pham dau md, than da
va sinh khdị Hinh 1 the hien quy trinh tong quan ve qua trinh sin xuat nhien lieu khi syngas
Qua trinh san xuat nhien lieu khi syngas edn dUdc ggi la Gasification
Day la qua trinh ehuyen doi cac ngudn nguyen lieu (thudng 6 dang ran) thanh hon hop chat khi bing cac phan Ung trong dieu kien thieu oxỵ Gasification xay ra trong khoing nhiet do t d 1112° tdi 2732" F va san pham cho ra la hon hpp khf CO nang lUpng t d thap tdi trung binh
va phu thude vao kieu khi hda cung nhU dieu kien van hanh Qua trinh khf hda sinh khdi dupe sCtdung de san xuat nang luong sinh hoc va cac san pham sinh hoe khac de dung cho đng co dot trong, Id hoi hay may phat dien,
Trong qua trinh khi hda, nguyen lieu dau vao duac say tdi nhiet do cao, san pham cua qua trinh nay la chat khf mdf tao thanh va phan chat ran con lai khdng phan ung Lapng khi tao ra phu thugc Bang ỊTfnh chat ly hoa ciia H^, CO va CH^ [10,33]
nguyen lieu cung nhu nhiet dp ma cac phin Ong xay rạ Cac phin dng ban dSu xly ra dUdi su cd mat cCia oxy cho ra s3n pham cd c l khi CO va CỘ Cac phin C(ng xly ra rat nhanh va kem theo sutda nhl^
va la tien de de tao ra cac phin ufng tiep theọ Qua trinh khi hda nguyen lieu rSn xly ra tai nhiet dp Idn hon 1112" F tao ra khi va mot so ehat dudi dang tro va nhua dudng Cac phan ung hda hpc ban dSu anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh khf hda va quyet djnh den thanh ph^n clc chat khf CUOI cung tao thinh NhiJttg
p h i n dng thd cap xly ra tai nhiet dp Idn hon 1112° F va dadl dieu kien Ip suit thich hpp se giup cho suphan hCiy trova tao ra cac bon va cac chat khị Phin iJng cCia qua trinh khf hda sinh khoi co chiJa eac bon đdc the hien theo phUdng trinh (1)
Sinh khoi + khdng khf (thi^u) - • C0+
Hj + CH^ + H ^ + Nj 0)
De phan dng xay ra holn toln thi 1 (kg) sinh khoi can khoing 4,5 (kg) khong khi (tai dieu kien chuan) Theo nhU cac nghien cdu dUa ra thi doi vdi phin Cfng khi hda luong khdng khi can thiet chi khoing bang 0,25 Ian laong khf tieu chuan Tdc la thdng thUdng de khf h6a
1 (kg) sinh khdi can khoing 1,15 (kg) khdng khi [9]
Tfnh chat vat ly va hda hpc cua nhiSn lieu khi syngas phu thuoc vao ngu6n nguyen lieu san xuat, cong nghe sin xuat
va dac biet la thanh phan cac khf don
Thong so Nhiet tritliáp(MJ/kg)
Ty le khong khi - nhien lieu ly thuyet Nhlet do chay Ion nhat tai latm(K) GIOI han hoc chay [ngheo/giau}
Toe dg Ian tian mang iLla (cm/s)
H2
121 34,4
2378 0,01/7,17
270
CO 10,2 2,46
2384 0,34/6,80
45
CH, 50,2 17,2
2223 ; 0,54/1,69
35
Trang 3chateau tao nen.Tfnh chat ly hda cCia cae
khi thanh phan chinh trong nhien lieu
khfsyngasthe hien trong bing 1
3 NGHIEN CChj sd DUNG NHIEN
U | U KHfSYNGASTRiNDdNG CODdT
TRONG
Syngas la nhien lieu sach va day tiem
nang de cd the thay the nhi^n lieu hda
thach truyen thong NhOmg nghien cdu
sd dung nhien lieu khi syngas cho đng
CO dot trong dau tien duoc dua ra bc^
cac trung tam nghien eUu: University
of Alabama at Birmingham, England va
University of Hokkaido, Japan [11, 12]
Nhdng nghien eiJu nay tap trung thUe
hien tren dong co danh ICia cUdng bUc
chay ladng nhien lieụ TUc la, đng ca
dUdc cung cap Iđng nhien lieu chinh
nhU: khf thien nhien hoac di-methyl
ether va eht sd dung mot luong nho khf
nhien lieu khf syngas Cae ket q u i da ehi
ra anh hudng cua nhfen lieu khi syngas
doi vdi qua trinh chly cCia đng cd dot
trong bSng each mo hinh hoa dong lac
hoe va phan tich thanh phan nhiet dong
eda hon hc^ khdng khi nhien lieụ Cac
nghien cdu nay cung da thanh cdng
trong viec md hinh hda qua trinh chly
tren cd sd md hinh chay mot vung va da
vung
Doi vdi đng cd diesel, sd dung cae
bai nhien lieu dang khi la mdt bien phap
hi&u q u i de g i l m thieu eac thanh phan
phIt thIi dpc haị Bdi cae loai nhien lieu
dang khf khi chay khong sinh ra d xit luu
huynh (SÔ,) va cd rat it d xit ni t d (NỘ),
cung nha phat thIi CO, CÔ it hon so vdi
nhien lieu dang long [10] NhUvay nhien
lieu khf syngas cung ed the dUdc coi la mot trong nhdng loai nhien lieu thay the hieu qua vdi hai phan tCr chinh la CO va H,
Hon hop cua H^ va CO duoc sd dung tr§n dong cd chay cadng bde bdi kha nang ehdng kich no tot [13,14], tuy nhien tang rj' le cung cap nhien lieu khf syngas
cd the lam tang nhiet do qua trinh chay
tU đ d i n tdi tang phat thai NÔ doi vdi đng CO xang [14].Theo nghien cdu cua Boehman va Corre sđung hon hop H^ va
CO rat phu hpp vdi qua trinh chay ngheo tren đng cd diesel [16] Ngoai ra, nhien lieu khi syngas cCing cd the dUdc sđung tren đng co chay do nen đdi dang thay the mdt phan nhien lieu diesel
3.1 Anh h U ^ g cua nhien lieu khi syngas den tinh nang ky thuat, kinh t^' cua dong cd
Do thanh phan H^ chda trong nhien lieu khi syngas nen khi bo sung vao đng
cd lam tang k h i nang ell thien qua trinh chly cung nhu phat thIi doc hai cua đng CO [17-18] NhU da biet H^ II mot ngudn nhien lieu then vong [19-24] sd dung cho đng cd vdi cac tinh chat nhu nang lUdng danh Ida thap, tdc dp chly cao nhd do nang cao duoc tinh nang ky thuat eCia đng eo [25-28] Nhd nghien cdu eua tac gil Akansu, Al-Baghdadi, Uu
B, Yousufuđin vdi ham laong nhien lieu khf syngas bo sung cho đng cd khdng nhdng g i l m dUde suat tieu hao nhien lieu va g i l m cae thanh phan phat thai
dpc hai m l van dam b i o duac cdng suat eua dong ca d che đ tai bd phan
[29-32].Theo nghien cdu cda Changw/ei Ji sd
Hinh 2 Ap suat c6 ich chi thi trung binh theo %
syngas [171
Hinh3 Hieu suit nhiet chi thitheo%syngas [17]
dung ladng nhien lieu syngas/xang tren dpng cd danh Ida cUdng bUe cho cac ket qua Inh hđng eua ty le thay the nhien lieu khf syngas den cac thdng so lam viec cua dpng cd [17] Ap suat ed ich ehi thj trung binh eua dpng eo dat gia tn Idn nhat vdi ty le nhien lieu khi syngas ve the tfch khoang 1% (hlnh 2)
Ket qua nghien cdu eho thay khf tang lugng nhien lieu khf syngas cung cap vao dudng nap, IIVIEP (ap suat cd ich ehi thj trung binh) ed xu hadng tang len sau
đ giam xuong khi tiep tue tang luong nhien lieu khf syngas Khi tang nhien lieu khi syngas t d 0% den 0,92%, do nang luong danh laa cua nhien lieu khisyngas thap va tdc do chay eua nhien lieu nay cao hdn nen cli thien qua trlnh chay, t d
do lam tang IMEP.Tuy nhien, khi ti^p tuc tang lugng nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap cho đng co, do mat do nang lagng khdi cua nhien lieu khisyngas nhd va Inh hudng cda the tich khf ehiem cho lam giam IMER
Nghien cdu cung chf ra I n h hđng cua t^ le nhien lieu khi syngas den hieu suat nhiet cda đng eo (hinh 3) Ket q u i cho thay hieu suat nhiet chi thi cua dong
CO eai thien tU32,54% len den 39,01 % vdi ham lagng nhien lieu khi syngas 2,43%
ve the tieh Nguyen nhan do khi sd dung hon hop nhien lieu khf syngas va xang da cli thien dUdc toe dp chay va qua trinh chly kiet hdn do Hj va CO cd toe do chly cao hdn xang Ngoai ra, toe dp Ian tran mang Ida nhanh nen da giam ton that nhiet va nhien lieu khi syngas tdn tai d dang khi nen nhiet dp cda mdi eh^t nap cao hdn, dieu nay dan tdi ket q u i la hieu suat nhiet đdc cai thien
Nghien cdu cua Bibhuti va cdng su thuc hien tren dong co diesel sa dung ladng nhien lieu diesel/syngas vdi ty le H^/CO trong nhien lieu khi syngas khac nhau đdc gidi thieu trong bIng 2 [10], Ket qua tren hinh 4 the hien anh hudng cua nhien lieu den hieu suat nhiet
ed fch eua dong cd d cae ehe do t i l khac nhaụ Do thj cho thay, d ehe do t l i nho
Trang 4Bang 2 Thong so ky thuat cua syngas voi ty le H/CO khac nhau [10,33]
Tilth chat
Khoi i^ong rieng (kg/m^)
Nhiet dung neng[MJ/kg)
ToC(I6ngon[^a(m/s)
Nang lirgng danh lita toi thieu (mj)
Nhlet do tit chay (K)
Tyle/t/Flythuyet
Hi 0,085 119,81 2,70 0,02
858 34,3
CO 1,9 10,112 0,19 0,23
882 2,45
syngas 50%H,+50%CO 0,67 14,81 1,8 0,24 4,58
75%Hj+25%CO 0,38 23,09 1,9
8,075
Hinh 4 Hieu suat nhiet co fch theo % t^i vd\ cac ty
te H/CO khac nhau [33]
t i n h n a n g l a m viec rat k e m d o q u a t r i n h
chay k e m b d i I n h h u d n g cua l u g n g CO
t r o n g n h i e n lieu k h i syngas, d o n g t h d i
d o d c h e d o nay l U d n g n h i e n lieu diesel
p h u n v a o d d n g c a it n e n q u a t r i n h chay
n g h e o va c h a t l u g n g chay k e m Tuy
n h i e n d c h e d p tai b d p h a n , h i e u suat
n h i e t e d fch cua d d n g c o t a n g l e n k h i
n h i e n iieu diesel/syngas v d i t y le H / C O
k h i c n h a u Ket q u i e h o thay, khi t a n g t y
le H j t r o n g n h i e n lieu khf syngas se l a m
t a n g h i e u suat n h i e t cua d o n g co, h i e n
t d d n g nay d o t d c d o c h l y eda H^ Idn h o n
da cli thien qua trinh chly
Hinh 5 the hien dien bien eua he sd
nap theo tai trgng cua ddng CO Do H cd
the tfch Idn hon nhieu so vdi khdng khf
nen khi cung cap nhien lieu khf syngas
vao dadng nap se ehiem cho cua khdng
khi nap dan tdi he so nap bj gilm d
trudng hgp sddung lUdng nhien lieu Ket
qua cho thay d moi che do t i l nhat djnh
he sd nap dng vdi ty le H/CO la 50:50 la
nhd nhat so vdi hai trUdng hop edn lai
3.2 Anh hadng cua nhi^n lieu khi
syngas den cac thanh phan phat thai
doc hai
Hlnh 5 He so nap theo % tai v6\ cac ty le H/CO
khac nhau [33]
Theo nghien cUu eda Changwei Ji phat thIi HC cd xu hudng gilm manh khi tang ty le nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap nhu the hien tren hinh 6 [17] Vdi ty
le the tich nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap vao dudng nap 2,43% thi phat thai
HC gilm khoing 15,47% so vdi trddng hop sd dung ddn nhien lieu xang Khi tang lUdng nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap vao dudng nap se lam giam ty le A/F
do lUdng khf nap bi giam dan tdi gilm phat thIi HC Ngoai ra, do nhien lieu khf syngas co toe do ngon Ida va hoa trgn tot hon nen qua trinh chay kiet hon so vdi trudng hop sddung ddn nhien lieu xang, tUdd l l m gilm phat thai HC
Hinti6, Phat thalHCtheotyle thay thesyngas [17]
Hinh7.Phatthli CO theo tfle thay the'syngasn?)
Hinh8.Phatth3iN0^theotJfethaythesyngas[1?] Ket q u i the hien tren hinh 7 cho th5y phat thai CO tang khi tang luong nhien lieu khi syngas bd sung vao dddng nap, Luong phat thIi CO tang tir 2600 ppm den 3821 ppm khi tang lUdng nhien l l ^ khi syngas t d 0 den 2,43% Hien tiJflng nay cd the glli thich nha sau: khi tang
lagng nhien lieu khi syngas se lam 0im
lagng khdng khi nap vao ddng cd,dod6 hon hop se dam hdn hayt^leA/FgiSm, Oieu nay cung ed the ly gill do qu3 trinh chay Hj can nhieu oxy hdn do t? le A/F cua Hj cao hdn nhieu so vdi xang Ngo^i
ra, do tdc do chly cua Hj cao hdn so vS
CO nen qua trinh 6 xy hda Hj dien ra nhanh hdn nen lam giam nong dooxydt khu VUc chay nhien lieu, do do ISm tang kha nang hinh thanh CO
Hinh 8 the hien thay ddi ham Mcmg NOj, theo ty le nhien lieu khisyngasdtfic
do 1800 v/ph va ap suat khi nap MAP
= 61,5 kPa Ket q u i cho thay NO^j dtf
hudng g i l m xuong khi tang ty- le nhlSn
lieu khi syngas Khi tjf le tang tir 0 d&
2,43%, phat thIi NO^ giam 15,47%.Wi cung mot gia tri du lupng khdng khf,liN tang ty le nhien lieu khi syngas mat ^ nang lupng khoi cda hon hdp gi^m M
Trang 5vdi xang, dan tdi nhiet do qua trinh chay
trong đng co giam, do đ lam giam
phatthliNỘ
Ket q u i nghien cCifu cCia Bibhuti va
cac cong sU ve phat t h l l doc hai vdi cac
mau nhien lieu khi syngas cd ty le H/CO
khac nhau (100% H^ 75% H, va 50% H^)
the hien tren hinh 9 den 11 [10]
Hlnh 9 Dien bien phat thSi CO theo t^i trpng i}ng vdi
cac tyle H/CO khac nhau [10]
ito
-110 '
" " 1 l - ^ H 2 C O lOCO
100 - ]-»-H2C0 7i2S
; ; 5
1
£ i-f
&
- ^ H Z C O lOOO
- • - H 2 CO 75 25
- ^ H 2 C 0 5o:rj
,*
Kinh 11 Dien bien phat thSf NÔ theo tai ^ong dng
vffi cac ty le H/CO khac nhau [10]
Ham Iđng phIt t h l l CO eCia đng cd
(hinh 9) tang manh so vdi trudng hop sd
dung khf nhien lieu khi syngas vdi 100%
H^ do qua trinh d xy hoa khdng hoan
t o l n CO trong nhien lieu v l ca trong
nhien lieu khi syngas.Ddi vcri trudng hgp
sđung khf nhien lieu khisyngas cd ehUa
ham lUdng CO, phat thai CO nhay cam vcfi
t i l trong cda dong cạ 6 che dp t l i thap,
phat thai CO tang manh 6 che do 20%
tli, phat thIi CO la 82 va 106 ppm đi vdi
75 va 50% Hj trong nhien lieu khi syngas
so vdi trđng hdp 100% H, la 12 ppm Vdi
trudng hgp nhien lieu khf syngas khdng
cd chda CO, phat thIi CO la nhd nhat d tat c l cac che đ t l i Doi vdi trudng hdp đng CO hon hop dong nhat khi tang tai ham lUdng CO tang len do thieu d xy cung cap cho qua trinh chaỵ Tuy nhien, doi vdi nghien cdu nay, khi tang tai phat thai CO tang do nhien lieu chda mot ty le
CO nhat ^ n h va do qua trinh chly mugn hdn Ham lUdng CO Idn nhat la 68,213 va
247 ppm vdi trudng hpp tUdng dng 100,
75 va 50% Hj trong nhien lieu khi syngas
Phat thai dpc hai HC theo t l i trong Ung vdi cac ty le H/CO khac nhau trong nhien lieu khi syngas dUdc the hien tren hinh 10 [10] 6 che do tai nhd, do qua trinh chay kem nen phat thai doc hai HC caọ Khi tang t l i thi nhiet do qua trinh chay tang len do đ qua trinh chly kiet han nen phat thai HC giam 6 ehe do hieu suat cao nhat, phat thIi HC do dUdc
la 14, 36 v l 45 ppm tUdng Ung vdi ty le
H/CO la 100,75 va 50% Khi d che do tai Idn hdn 80%, phat t h l l HC cd xu hadng tang len do qua trinh chay khong kiet bdi hdn hpp qua dam
Nguyen nhan lam phat thai NOj,gilm
la do ap suat va nhiet do cue dai ben trong xylanh g i l m xuong Mat khac, doi vdi dpng cd diesel d che dp chay ngheo, phltthai NOj^ rat thap Vdi nhien lieu cdty
le H/CO Idn, phat thai NÔ cao hon chu yeu la do nhiet dp chay H^ cao hdn so vdi
CỌ 6 che do t l i trung binh va Idn, do qua trinh chay triet de hdn nen ap suat
v l nhiet do trong xylanh tang len dan tdi tang ham luong phat thai NOj^ Phat thai NÔ cao nhat đi vdi trUdng hop nhien lieu khf syngas cd 100% H^, va 50% tđng
Ong 220, 175 va 127 ppm 6 ehe do tai
vUa va nhd (td 20 den 40%), phat thai NÔ deu giam đi vdi tat c l cac trudng hop do hon hop nhat nen qua trinh chay kem dan tdi ap suat v l nhiet dp trong xylanh gilm
4 KEF LUAN Tren co sdeac ket q u i phan tich d i n h gia anh hđng cua nhien lieu khi syngas den tinh nang kinh te, ky thuat v l phat
thai dpc hai eda đng ed, cd the dua ra mot so ket luan sau day:
- Khi sd dung ladng nhien lieu vdi nhien lieu khi syngas cung cap vao dudng nap se lam gilm he so nap eua đng Cd do mat dp eda nhien lieu khf syngas nhd hon khdng khf
- Khi tang ty le thay the nhien lieu khi syngas se l l m g i l m nang lUpng khoi cua mdi ehat nap (vdi đng co xang) cung nhu giam tong nang lUdng cung cap (đi vdi đng cd diesel) nen lam giam ap suat
cd fch trung binh Tuy nhien nhien lieu khi syngas ed trong mdi chat se cli thi^n qua trinh chly cua dong cd dan tdi hieu suat nhiet cua dong eg cao hon so vdi trdcffig hgp sCf dung don nhien lieụ -CIcthanh phan phltthai đc hai HC
va NOj, cd xu hUdng gilm khi tang t j le nhien lieu khi syngas nap vao dong cd Tuy nhien thanh phan doc hai CO cd xu hudng tang len do Inh hUdng eda sUsuy giam nhiet do va ap suat trong xylanh
Ty le cac phan tdtrong nhien lieu khi syngas cd I n h hđng Idn tdi tinh nang lam viec va phat thai đe hai eda dong CO:
- Hieu suat nhiet cua dpng cdtang khi tang ty le H^ trong nhien lieu khi syngas
d ehe do t l i Idn, tuy nhien hieu suat nhiet lai giam d ehe do tai nhd do q u i trinh chay kem
- He so nap cd xu hđng giam khi sd dung ladng nhien lieu do ehiem eh6 eua nhien lieu khf syngas tren dudng nap
- Cang tang ty le H^ trong nhi^n lieu khf syngas lam tang ap suat va nhiet do
qua trinh chly dan tdi phat t h I i HÔ tang
- Phatthli CO cua dong eg lai thay doi rat nhay cam vdi t^ le CO trong nhien lieu khi syngas Ham lapng CO trong nhien lieu nhien lieu khi syngas eang tang thi phat thIi CO cua dpng co d n g Idn do chat lUdng qua trinh chly kem dị Oieu nay cung dan tdi phIt thai HC cua dpng
cd tang len do qua trinh chay khdng hoan toan
Cac nghien cdu tren da cho thay k h i nang sin xul't va sd dung nhien lieu khf
Trang 6s y n g a s t h a y t h e m o t p h a n c h o n h i e n
l i e u x a n g h o a c d i e s e l T u y n h i e n m d t
s d n g h i e n c d u e h i m a n g t i n h l y t h u y e t ,
k e t q u a e h u a n e u b a t d u o c v a n d e t h U e
t e D o v a y , n d la n e n m d n g c h o n h d m
n g h i e n c d u d i n g h i e n c d u t h a c n g h i e m la
t h i e t k e e h e t a o h e t h d n g c u n g c a p n h i e n
l i e u k h i s y n g a s v a d a n h g i l c a c d a c t i n h
l a m v i e c c u a d o n g c d d i e s e l - m a y p h I t
d i e n t a i V i e t N a m
Phan bien khoa h o c TS l e Van Anh
TAI LlEU THAM KHAO
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