Ddy Id qud trinh quan trong trong viec on dinh mdu sac vd chdt lirang dinh dudng vd an todn cita sdn phdm khi bdo qudn.. Anh hirong cua xu ly chan trong che bien toi thieu ca rot a Anh h
Trang 1KET QUA NGHIEN CUU ANH HirONG CUA XlTLY CHAN
VA THIET KE, CHE TAO THIET Bj CHAN NANG SUAT 250-300 KG/H
PHUC VU CHE BIEN TO! THIEU CA ROT
Le Xudn Hdo ', Nguyen Quang Duc^, Ld Mgnh Tudn ^
TOM TAT
Nghien cuu ndy tap trung vdo khdo sdt dnh huang cua xu ly chdn trong che bien toi thieu cd rot Ddy Id qud trinh quan trong trong viec on dinh mdu sac vd chdt lirang dinh dudng vd an todn cita sdn phdm khi bdo qudn Ket qud dd chi ra rdng cd rdt chi biin toi thieu duac xu ly chdn 85± i^C trong 30 gidy cho hieu qm bdo qudn ro ret Sdn phdm co the bdo qudn duac 10 ngdy d diiu kien d 5-7°C vdi chdt luong cdm quan tdt dinh dudng on dfnh vd ddm bdo cdc yeu cdu ve ve sinh an todn thuc phdm Tren ca sd do, dd lya chpn nguyen ly boat ddng, tinh todn thiet ke, che too thdnh cdng thiit bj chan phuc vu ddy chuyen che biin toi Ihieu cd rdt ndng sudt 250-300kg sdn phdm/ gid Ket qud khdo nghiem cho kit qud thiet bj hogt dpng on djnh vdphu hap vdi dieu kien Viet Nam hiin nay
Tit khda: Che bien tdi thieu, cd rdt, mdy chdn
RESULTS OF BLANCHING TREATMENT EFFECTS AND DESIGN, FABRICATION BLANCHING MACHINE FOR MINIMAL PROCESSING CARROTS, CAPACITY 250-300KG/H
Le Xuan Hao ', Nguyen Quang Due ^ La Manh Tuan ^ SUMMARY
This study was focused on effect of blanching in carrot minimal processing This is very importance to maintain colour, nutrition quality and safety of the product during store The result showed that minimal processing carrot blanched in 85± 2°C in 30 seconds had hight quality and safety in 10 days of being stored
in 5-7 C The study also designed and made a blanching machine for carot minimal procesing line with an output 250-300 kg of products per hour The machine test result showed that it had run well and been suited for Viet Nam conditions
Keywords: Minimal processing, carots, blanching machine
L MdoAu
Xu hu6ng va nhu ciu hien nay cua ngum ditih duong, an to4n v$ sinh thuc phim, C^ tieu dimg d6i vdd thuc phim tuoi hoac thuc r6t la lo^ rau co gia tii dinh duSng cao: trong phim it chS biSn, tien sil dung dang tang Ien lOOg ca r6t tuoi co 9g Carbohydrat, 3g chit xo nhanh chong, do vay da hinh thanh mpt trao Iuu thuc phim, 8285ng beta-caroten, 7 mg Vitamin qu6c tl moi ve nghito cilu va thuomg mai thuc C, ngoai ra con co rit nhiSu cac vitamin mu6i
phim chi biln t6i thilu, djc biet la cac san khoang khac Vi vay tren thl gidi va Viet Nam
phim rau qua cit Rau qua che biln t6i thilu la nhu ciu sir dimg cac san phim ca rdt chl biln mpt dang so che, la nhung san pham rau qtia t6i thilu rit Ion
tuoi da thay d6i hinh dang ban diu bing mot s6 II VAT LffiU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU tac dpng nhung khong xil ly nhiet hay hoa chit 2.1 Vjt lifu thi nghidm
din miic chiing bi thay doi trang thai tuoi s6ng Nguyen lieu ca r6t dimg trong chl biln tli Cac san pham rau, cu qua chl bien tli thieu co thilu phai la lo?! chit Iupng tlt, cii khong dap cac tm diem nhu tien dung, dam bao chit lupng nat, thli hong, khong mpc mim, khong sau
I „ ,, — — : -: benh, dong deu ve chung loai, kich thuoc, trpng
TS Vi?n CO di?n nong nghiep v4 cong ngh? STH , ' I , - „ - „ „ ,
' ThS Vi?n CO difn nong nghisp vJ cong nghe STH ' " ^ n S "=" "at 150- 200g/cu
' KS Vi?n CO dien nong nghifp v4 cdng nghj STH 2.2 Phuffng phap che biln toi thilu ca r l t
50 TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - S6'l0 - 2013
Trang 2Ca rot dugrc rura sach, ggt v6, tao hinh dang
con chi kich thuoc 1x1x5 cm Tuy theo cac mau
nghien c6u, ca r^t co thd ducrc chSn 6 85±2°C
trong 30 giay ho^ic khong ch5n
Tiep theo, ca r6t dugc xur Iy voi dung dich
CaCl2 0,3% trong 10 phut, de rao trong phong
mat, dong tiii PP 0,04nim, va bao quan trong di8u
ki$nlanh5-7"C
Bang L Bo tri thi nghijm khdo
2.3 Fhutmg phap thi nghidm khao sat anh hirong cua xu ly chan den ch^t lu^ng ca rot che bi^n toi thi8u
Ca rot dugc che biSn t6i thi^u theo phuang phdp da mo ta cr muc 2.2 B6 tri thi nghiem g6m 4 cong thuc theo bang 1 Cac thi nghiem
dugc lap lai 3 ikn
Ket qua thi nghiem la tnmg binh cua 3 iSn lap
sdi dnh hudng eua xu ly chdn
Che do xu ly CRl Ca rot dugc che biSn toi thieu theo phuofng phap da mo ta 6 muc 2.2, khong >
ly chan, chua bao quan
Ca rot dugc chd bien toi thieu theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc 2.2, c6 xu ly
c h ^ 85i:2°C trong 30 giay, chua bao quan
CR3 Ca rot dugc che bien toi thieu va bao quan theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc
2.2, khong xir ly ch4n, bao quan trong digu kien lanh 5-7°C, sau 10 ngay CR4 Ca rot dugc che bien toi thieu va bao quan theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc 2.2, CO xu ly chan 85±2°C trong 30 giay, bao quan trong didu kien lanh 5-7°C, sau 10 ngay
2.4 Phircrag phap lay mau
Theo TCVN 5102 - 90 (ISO 874 -1980)
2.5 Phmmg phap phan tich mau
Xdc dinh hao hut khoi luang lu nhien:
Theo cong thirc: X(%) = (Ml-Mi)lOO / Ml
Trong do, Ml la khoi lugng mlu truac bao
quan (gam); Mi la khoi Iugng m^u a lan theo
doii
- Xdc dinh dp cung: Su dung may do do
Cling Bertuzzi SP 137 (Italia)
- Xdc dinh su bien doi mdu sdc: bang may
do mau Color Meter cua hang Color Tec
PCM/PSM (My)
Nguven tac: Dua tren su phan xa anh sang
tii be mdt mau tai bo phan quang pho cua may
Kdt qua do the hien qua cac chi so L, a, b
dirge thd hidn ra tren may
Trong do: L la gia tri bieu thi do tuang
phan den-tring cua mau co gia tn tir 0^100; a
la gia tri bieu thi tir mau xanh nuac bidn- mau
dd CO gia tri -60-60; b la gia tri bieu thj tir mau
xanh da troi- mau vang co gia tri tir -60^60
- Ddnh gid chdt luang cdm quan: theo
TCVN 3215-79
2.6 Phirong phap xu ly so lieu Xir ly so Heu bang Exel va phan mem IRISTAT 4.0
III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Anh hirong cua xu ly chan trong che bien toi thieu ca rot
a) Anh hudng cua xu ly chdn den mdu sdc
cd rot che bien toi thieu khi bdo qudn
Kdt qua cua xir ly chan den mau sac ca rot chd bien toi thieu sau khi bao quan 10 ngay cr 5-7 "C dugc bieu didn trdn bang 2
Kdt qua bang 2 cho thay do sang L va chi so
mau sac a ciia cac mau co su khac bidt a miic y
nghia a=0,05 (gla tri L ciia mau CR4 la 51,5 trong khi do gia tri nay ciia mau CR3 chi dat 40,45, cac gia tri a giiJa mdu CR4 va CR3 ciing tuang img la 20,6 va 18,22 Nhu vay, mau ca rot chd
bidn t6i thidu co chkn cho giii mau sang tot hon
mlu khong chan a cimg didu kien bao quan 5-7 *'C sau 10 ngay Dieu nay co thd giai thich
la qua trinh ch4n lam vo hoat enzyme nha vay mau CR4 it bi bidn d6i hem so vai mlu CR3 (la mdu khong chdn, con qua trinh ho hap gdy bien doi dinh duang va mau sac nhieu hem)
Trang 3Bdng 2 Anh huang xir ly ehdn din mdu sdc cd rdt chi biin tdi thiiu
Mau
thi nghidm Nh^n x^t cam quan v^ mau sJlc
Chi so mau sac
do tren may Mau vang cam sang, deu, dep 40.45" 51.65° CR4 Mau vang cam chuyen do, rat deu, d^p hap dan 51,50' 20,60' 51,21"
(Cdc gid trj trong cung mgl c0l cd chi so mS khac nhau Ihi khac nhau cd nghTa a muc y nghia a=0.05)
b) Anh hudng cua xic ly chdn din dp cimg
cua cd rdt chi biin tdi thieu khi bdo qudn
Kdt qua khao sat anh huang ciia xu Iy chdn
ddn do Cling ciia cd rot che bien toi thidu dugc
bidu didn trdn bdng 3 Kdt qud bdng 3 cho thay,
mau CR4 (mau cd rot che bien toi thieu co
chan, bao qudn sau 10 ngay a 5-7°C) co do
Cling dat 90,13% so vai mdu CRl (mdu ca rot
che bidn toi thieu, khong chan, chua bdo qudn),
su khac bidt c6 nghia 6 miic y nghia a=0,05
Dieu nay chiing co su giam do ciing cua ca rot
sau khi chan va bao quan, tuy nhidn miic do
giam khong Ion vd it co dnh hucmg den cau tnic
ciia san pham
Bang 3 Anh hudng xu ly chdn den dg cOng
cua cd rot che biin tdi ihieu
Mau thi nghiem
CRl
CR4
Do Cling (kg/cm'')
27,47' 24,76''
(Cdc gid tri trong ciing mgl cgt co chi so mS khac nhau
thi khac nhau co nghfa a mucy nghla a=0,05)
c) Anh huang cua xic ly chdn din chdt
luang cdm quan cd rot chi biin tdi thiiu khi
bdo qudn
Kdt qua danh gia cdm quan cdc mau cd r6t
chd bidn t6i thidu theo TCVN 3215-79 dugc thd
hien trdn bdng 4
Bang 4 Ddnh gid cdm quan cdc mdu cd rdt
ehe bien idi thiiu
Mau thi
nghiem
CRl
CR2
CR3
CR4
Miu
s3c
(trong
so 1,2)
5,0
5,0
3,5
4,5
Miji
(trpng
so 0,8)
5,0
4,5
4,0
4,5
Vi (trpng s6 0,8) 5,0 5,0 4,0 4,5
Tr?ng thii (trpng s6 1,2) 5,0 4,5 3,5 4,5
T6ng diem 20,0 18,6 14,8 18,0
Kdt qud bdng 4 cho mgt so nh$n xdt sau:
So sanh mau CRl vd CR2 cho thay co sir bidn ddi chdt lugng, d^c bift Id miii, v; va t r ^ g thai cua ca rot chd bien toi thidu c6 vd khfing co chiin Ket qud chi ra rdng che dg chan nh? chdn 85±2°C trong 30 giay) co lam giam miii, vi va trang thai cua cd rot so vdi mau khong bi xur ly nhift, tuy nhidn miic do giam nho va sdn pham van d^t chat Iugng tot Tong didm cam quan ciia mau CR2 giam 7% so voi mau C R l
So sanh mau C R l vd CR3 nhdn thdy co su
su suy gidm chat Iugng cam quan r5 ret ciia cdc mau cd rot che bien toi thieu, khong chdn, bao qudn 10 ngay a di^u kidn cr 5-7''C (suy gidm tdng didm cdm quan tcri 26%), trong khi do su suy gidm tdng diem cdm quan cua cac mau ca rot chd bidn toi thieu, co chan, duoc bdo qudn cung thcri gian va dieu kien chi Id 3,2% (so sanh
m l u CR2 va CR4) Di^u nay cho thdy qua trinh chan Iam vo hoat enzyme nha v|.y mau CR4 giii dugc mdu s i c t6t han vd it bi bien doi chat Iugng han nhieu so vcri mau CR3 (Id mdu khdng CO qud trinh chan nen vdn con qua trinh
ho hap Iam t6n that dinh duang, bien doi mdu sac vd chat Iugng trong qua trinh bdo qudn)
So sanh mdu C R l va CR4 cho thdy chdt tugng cdm quan mau CR4 kha tot, (chi giam 10% tong didm cam quan), Mau CR4 giiJ dugc mau sac, vi nggt tu nhien, cdu tnic san phdm rat tot, san pham khong hd hi xa ciing loi hay g§ h6a Vai tfing didm 18 thi mdu CR4 d^t loai kha theo TCVN3215-79 ^ ^ '
d) Anh hudng cua xu ly chdn den chi tieu
vi sinh vdt ciia cd rdt chi biin toi thieu Idii bdo qudn
Kdt qua phan tich mau ca rot chd bidn tfii thidu CR4 dugc bidu dien tren bang 5
Trang 4Bdng 5 Kit qudphan tich cdc ehi tieu vi
sinh vgt vd chi tiiu dinh du&ng ehinh ddi vdi sdn
phdm ed rdt chi biin idi thiiu sau 10 ngdy
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tta chi ti6u
T6ng s6 vi sinb
vithi^ukhl
T6ng s6
Coliforms
E.coli
Cl per&ingens
S aureus
Salmonella
Donvi
CFU/g
MPN/g
MPN//g
CFU/g
CFU/g
/25g
Phuong phap thu TCVN 4884:2005 TCVN 4884:2005 TCVN 4884:2005 TCVN 4884:2005 TCVN 4884:2005 TCVN 4884.2005
Ket KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH
Kdt qud bdng 4 cho thay mdu san phdm ca
rfit chd bidn tfii thieu CR4 co cac chi tieu vi
sinh vdt nam trong gioi ban cho phep theo QD
46 - 2007 cita Bg Y te Nhu vay che do chan
85±20C trong 30 giay ket hgp vai cdc xur Iy
khac (dd mo ta Of muc 2 phdn phuang phap
nghidn ciiu) dd tieu diet va lic chd dugc cac vi
sinh vdt nhcr v^y cfi hidu qud bao quan cao
3.2 Thiet bj chan ca r^t oang suat
250-300 kg san pham/ gi&
a) Lua chpn nguyen ly hogt dpng
Thidt kd theo mfi hinh thidt bi chdn lidn
tuc kieu vit tdi
Sir dung hai nuac bao hoa Iam nguon
nhidt cung cdp
Tinh todn thidt ke kha nang tuy chinh
nhidt do va thcri gian chan sao cho phii hgp vo^i
cdc chd do xil ly cong nghd
4
Hinh L Sa dd nguyen li hogi ddng
ciia mdy chdn kiiu vit idi
I - Khung do mky; 2 - ThCing lam vi^c; 3 - Mang tho^t li?u ;
4 ^ Canh vit tai h^u ; 5 • Dpng co; 6 - Mdng cip li?u ;
7 - B a o on c^ch nhi^t
Nguydn Iy hoat dgng: Mang vit chdn dugc cdu t^o 2 vo Cdp nhidt gidn li^p cho dung dich chan bang hai nuoc bao hoa qua lap vo ngoai, dung dich chdn co the dun nong ddn 90'*C, Nguydn lieu dugc cap vao mdng (6), va dugc vit
tm lucri chuydn ra mdng thodt Ii?u (3), thai gian chan dugc didu chinh bdng dfing co vo cap (5)
b) Mpt so ca sa tinh todn
Khfii Iugng chdn dugc trong 1 vong, kg:
D'n
m=Tj-~T.p
Trong do: m - khoi lugng chdn, kg; D - duong kinh mang tdi, m; T - buac vit tai, m; p - khfii lugng rieng cua cii, qua, kg/m^; -q - he s6 dung tich hihi ich
- Toe dfi quay can thidt trong 1 phiit:
60m Trong do: Q - nang suat cua may, kg/h
- Chidu ddi mang tdi:
60 Trong do: t Id thai gian chan, s
c) Mot so kit qud tinh lodn
- Ducmg kinh mang tai chdn: D = 500 mm
- Chidu ddi mang mang tai chdn: 1800 mm
- Buac vit: T ^ 200 mm
- T6c do quay ciia vit tai: n = 5 -^ 10 v/ph
- Nang suat 200 - 300 kg/h
- Cong sudt tidu thu 1,8 kW
- Kich thuac: 2000 x 700 x 1300 (mm)
- Vat lieu Inox SUS 304
d) Khdo nghiem mdy chdn
Khdo nghiim che dp ldm vi^c
Chd do lamvidc:
Cfing sudt dfing ca vo cap: 2.2 kW Tfic do quay cua vit chan: 6 - 8 v/ph Thai gian chan: 30 gidy Nhidt do chdn: 85-90°C Sfi nguoi van hanh: 01 Kdt qua khao nghidm danh gid anh huong cua nang sudt chan den chat lugng sdn phdm vd cfing sudt tieu thu cua dong co thd hien tren bang 6
Trang 5Bang 6 Anh hudng cua ndng sudt
^ ~ — ^ 1 _ _ _ ^ Chi tilu
^"~~~-^,^dinh gii
Ning suat, Icg/h ^^^~ ~^^
200
250
300
chdn den chdt luang sdn phdm vd
Ty le sin pham dat ygu c^u, % TBI
99,3 99,1 98,4
TB2 99,1 99,1 98,1
TB3 99,4 99,0 98,1
TB 99,3 99,1 98,2
cone sudt tieu thu diin
C6ne suit P kW
TBI
1,10 1.19 1,32
TB2 1,08 1,21 1,30
TB3 1,09 1,20 1,30
TB 1,09 1,20 1,31 Ydu cdu ky thuat: Sdn pham ca rfit sau chan
dat ydu cau cong nghe la nhiing sdn pham dugc
chdn 6 85°C trong 30 gidy (ty le dat ydu cau
>99%)
Kdt qud khdo nghidm cho thay may chan
lam vide fin dinh, khi chan san pham cd rfit voi
nang sudt Q < 250 kg/h cho chdt lugng san
phdm tfit (voi tren 99% san pham ca rfit chan
ddm bao ydu cau cfing nghd, ty Id dap nat nho
hon 1%) va cfing sudt didn tieu thu la khong
ddng kd, P < 70% cfing suat thidt kd
Dp tin cgy vd tinh an todn cua thiet bi
May lam vide khfing rung, khfing co
tidng dfing la, khfing fin, khong ro ri nuac,
khong ro ri didn, nhidt do vo dfing ca va o bi
khfing nong ( t ° < 7 0 ° C )
Thao tac vdn hdnh dd dang va dam bao
an todn
IV KET LUAN
Da khdo sdt dugc dnh huong cua chd do
chdn den ca rfit che bien tfii thieu, tir do chiing
minh dugc rang cd rot che bien tfii thidu dugc
xii ly chan 85±2 C trong 30 giay cho hieu qua
bdo qudn ro ret San phdm co thd bao quan
dugc 10 ngay 6 dieu kien a 5-7°C voi chdt
lugng cdm quan tot, dinh duong on dinh va
ddm bdo cac ydu cau vd ve sinh an toan thuc
phdm
Tren co so do dd lira chgn nguydn ly hoat
dgng, tinh todn thidt ke, che tao va khdo nghiem
thdnh cong thidt bi chdn phuc vy ddy chuydn
chd bidn t6i thidu ca rfit ndng sudt 250-300kg sdn phdm/gi6 Thidt bi hoat dgng fin dinh va phil hgp voi dieu ki^n Vi?t Nam hidn nay
Hinh 2 Mdy chdn lien tuc
TAI LI5U THAM KHAO
1 Jingtair Siriphanich (2004) "Minimal processing of tropical Fruits" Postharvest Handling of Tropical Fruits 312, 127-137
2 Dr Tipvanna (2006) "Fresh-cut Technology: Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables for Export" Thai-French Seminar on Fruit and Vegetable: Quality and Safety Ngarmsak Khon Kaen University, Thailand
3 I A Xokolov (1976) Co six thilt kk miv san
xu3t thuc phara (Nguyen Trpng The dich) Nhi xuat bin Khoa hpc K5^ thu^t
Ngaynhan bai: 12/10/2013
Ngay pban bi^n: 25/10/2013 Ngirori phan bi^n: TS Nguyen NSng Nhucpng, Vi?n
ca di?n nong nghi?p vd Cong ngh? sau thu ho?w;h