KHOA HQC - CONG N G H E : Q Lcfi toa soan Nhdng ndm qua, cdc ddn vi trUc tiep sdn xudt,kinh doanh vd qudn ly lUdi didn trUc thugc EVN dd khdng ngdng phdt huy tinh sdng tao, hoc hoi vd n
Trang 1KHOA HQC - CONG N G H E : Q
Lcfi toa soan
Nhdng ndm qua, cdc ddn vi trUc tiep sdn xudt,kinh doanh vd qudn ly lUdi didn trUc thugc EVN dd khdng ngdng phdt huy tinh sdng tao, hoc hoi vd nghien cdu bdng logt cdc sdng kien cdi tiin khoa hgc kjf thudt trong qudn If vdn hdnh dUdng ddy, trgm biin dp nhdm ddm bdo cung cdp dien an todn, hiiu qud cho kbdch hdng sddung diin Nhdng sdng kiin cdi tiin ky thudt do dd Idm lai cho ngdnh dien vd Nhd nddc hdng ngdn t! ddng Tgp chi Dien vd Ddi sdng xin dUdc trich ddng nhdng sdng kiin tiiu bieu do tren chuyin muc Khoa hgc cdng nghi
Do ddc tuyen dien ttd ddng
SU can thiet cho bao duong
may c^t dien cao the
Phan Bdn Thien
Mpt trong nh&ng gidi phdp deddnh gid dtfpc chdt Ittong bp tiep diem ho quang md khong cdn phdi md khoang cdt id phep do ddc tuyen dien trd dpng, chdn dodn chuyen sdu cdc mdy cdt cao the Ket qud do ddc tuyen dien trd dpng Id mpt trong nhihig co sd quan trpng quyet djnh bdo dtfdng cd dieu kien cdc mdy cdt dien cao dp vd sieu cao dp
I Dat van de:
Cic may cat d i f n eao dp va silu
cao dp d i p hd quang bang khf SF6
dang sfl dyng vdi cap d i l n dp 110 kV
trd len h i u h i t d i u cd 2 bd tiep d i l m
song song cung van hanh gdm t i l p
d i l m chfnh v i t i l p d i l m hd quang
Moi loai t i l p d i l m cd cau tao, t h i l t ke
vd nhdng chdc ndng khic nhau trong
qud trinh ddng hodc c i t mdy cit
Cie t i l p diem hd quang ed vai
trd rat quan trpng nen phai dupe
kiem tra thudng x u y i n , phat h i l n kjp
thdi cdc k h u y l t t i t de cd k l hoach
b i o dudng, xd ly hoae thay t h i kjp
thdi d i m bdo ddng cat ddng tai,
ddng vdo diem sU cd (ngan maeh)
hodc khi e i t ddng ngan maeh tren
ludi d i l n khdng gay ra sued hay ehiy
nd khoang eat
Mudn danh g i i dupe ehat lflpng
bd t i l p diem hd quang can phii md khoang eat, nhflng ddi hdi ehi phf rat ldn do phai eat dien trong thdi gian dai, t h i o lap va xfl ly eic san pham thfl cap efla khfSF6 cung rat phflc tap
Mdt trong nhdng g i i i phap de
danh g i i dfloc ehat Iflpng bd t i l p diem hd quang m i khdng can p h i i
md khoang cat la phep do d i e tuyen
d i f n trd ddng, chan doan chuyen siu cie m i y e i t eao the Ket qud do dde tuyen d i l n trd dpng la mdt trong nhflng cO sd quan trpng quyet djnh bao dfldng ed dieu k i l n cae m i y cat dien eao dp vd sieu cao dp
II- Cau tao, cong dung va qua trinh lam viec cDa cac tiep diem trong khoang cat
1- Cdu tgo, cong dung cdc logi tiep diim trong khoang cat
- Tiep diem ehinh dupc ma bae
hoie bang bac cd d i f n trd thap, dupe
t h i l t ke bang v i t l i f u chju sU t i n g nhiet dot ngdt kem hon rat n h i l u so vdi tie'p diem hd quang, tiep diem chfnhedtdedungkhimayeitdaddng, mang phu t i i van hanh binh thudng
- Tilp diem ho quang lam bang v i t lieu chju tang nhiet dot bien Idn va
ed diem ndng ehiy eao nhu Wolfram-Copper dflng cd tae dung dap ho quang khi eat hodc khi ddng phu tdi hoae ddng ngan maeh Lue do, tiep
ffien Jk ff&i songl \j
Trang 2diem se ddng vdo dau tien trong qua trinh ddng v i edt ra
cudi cung trong qud trinh cat ddng t i i hoae ddng sy
-Ddi vdl cic mdycat SOOkV, ngoai khoang eat chinh
edn cd them eie khoang phu: Khoang dien t r d ddng
trudc CO tiep diem d i f n t r d d l han ehe dao ddng q u i
d i f n i p khi ddng m i y cat vao dudng d i y sieu eao ap dai
luc khdng tdi va khoang ty phan i p dung d l chia d i u
dien ap tren cic khoang khi may eat eat va han e h i tde
dd phye hdi d i f n i p
Hinh 1: Cdu tgo bin trong khoang cat llOicV
2- Sa do md phdng tUdng dUc/ng ve phdn dien cdc
logi tiep diem trong khoang cdt
Trong qua trinh eat bode ddng t i i , ddng sued ehuyen
dan tfl t i l p diem chfnh qua tiep diem hd quang hoae theo
ehilu ngUde lai Cd t h i md phdng tfldng dudng eic loai
t i l p d i l m trong khoang cat v l phan dien nhu sau:
a- Boi vdi mdy c6t cd 1 khoang cdt:
Cae may cat 110 kV, 220 kV thudng ehi cd 1 khoang
eat eho 1 pha cd so dd dien tuang dUOng nhuhlnh ve dUdi
(hinh 2)
I: Tidp diam chinh MC
2: Tiap diem hd quang MC
Hinh 2: So do tuong duong 1 khoang cdt
b- Doi vdi MC nhieu khoang cdt Cac may c i t 500 kV thudng cd t f l 2 d i n 4 khoang cat
eho 1 pha cd so dd dien tuong duang nhu hinh ve dfldi (hinh 3)
Hinh 3: Sddo tddng duong mdy cat cd 4 khoang cdt
trin 1 pha
l : T i l p diem ehinh MC;2:Tiep d i l m hd quang; 3:Tilp diem d i l n trd; 4: Tu phan ap c
Odi vdi MC ed 2 hoae 3 khoang c i t cau tao van gidng nhu tren chf bdt sd khoang hoae cd loai khdng cd tiep diem dien trd
3- Qud trinh Idm viec vd chdc ndng cua cdc tiep diem trong khoang cdt
Hinh 4: Qud trinh cot cda khoang cat 110 kV-ABB
Thfl t y lam viec cae t i l p diem trong khoang eat miy eat nhfl sau:
3 ? - Boi vdi mdy cat 110- 220 kV:
a- Khi may e i t ddng: Tiep d i l m hd quang 2 ddng
trude de dap hd quang rdi d i n tiep d i l m ehfnh 1 ddng de mang tdi van hanh
b- Khi may e i t e k : T i l p diem ehinh 1 cat trude, ddng tai ehuyen qua t i l p diem hd quang 2, rdi d i n t i l p diem hd
quang 2 eat cd l i p may cat, hd quang dugc d i p tat trong
tiep diem ho quang
3.2- Doi vdl mdy cat 500 kV:
a- Khi may c k ddng:Tilp diem dien trd 3 ddng trflde,
d i n tiep diem hd quang 2 ddng de dap hd quang rdi din
tiep diem chfnh 1 ddng de mang ddng t i i van hanh
Trang 3KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Q
b- Khi m i y cat cit:
+ Loai m i y eat ed tiep diem d i f n trd tham gia v i o qua
trinh c k (kieu FX-32D, 3AP5FI ): t i l p diem dien trd cat
trude, den t i l p diem ehfnh 1 c i t Ifle ndy ddng t i i chuyin
qua tiep diem hd quang 2, rdi d i n t i l p d i l m ho quang 2
c k cd ldp m i y cit, hd quang dflpc dap t k trong t i l p d i l m
hd quang
+ Loai mdy c k cd t i l p d i l m d i f n d i f n trd khdng tham
gia vao qua trinh e k (kieu 550 MHMe-4Y, t i l p diem dien
trd dd c k lai khi t i l p diem m i y c^t ddng): T i l p diem chfnh
1 c k lue nay ddng t i i ehuyen qua tiep diem hd quang 2,
rdi d i n t i l p diem ho quang 2 c i t ed l i p m i y cat, hd quang
dugc dap t k trong t i l p diem hd quang
Ill- Nhiimg su c^ b^t thudng n i m ngoai pham vi
danh g\A cda cac hang muc thi nghifm th&ng thucfng
cua may cit
- Cde hang muc thf nghifm miy eit hien nay dang
i p dung tai cic don vj nhU: Chup sdng do thdi gian hoat
ddng mdy cat, do d i f n trd tiep xfle, kiem tra chdc n i n g
p h i n d i l n , k i l m tra phan truyin ddng ca, k i l m tra khi
SF6 de ddnh g i i tdng quan mdt mdy cat van h i n h binh
thudng hay khdng
- d mdt gdc dp nao dd cac k i t q u i nay khdng du cd
sd tin eay de ehan d o i n sau eie ehi tiet eua mdy eat Cd
nhdng true t r i e bat thudng tren cac t i l p diem hd quang
m i cae hang muc t h i n g h i f m may c i t thdng thudng ehi
ed the p h i t h i l n dflpc khi cie true t r i e da Idn d giai
doan eudi, edn cic giai doan trudc do thi h i u h i t khdng
phdt h i l n dugc de cd ke hoach thay the bao dfldng phii
hop Ddi vdi cdc true t r i e nay can hang mue ehan dodn
chuyen sau ban nhu hang myc do d i e tuyen d i f n trd
ddng may eat
- Hang mue do dde tuyen d i f n trd ddng may e k cd
the tim ra dupc ede true trie trong eae khoang cat nhusau:
(xem eu the d cdc hinh i n h thuc te di kem)
1- Cdc true t r i e bat thudng tai cic d i l m t i c h ra eudi
eung hoae t i l p xfle dau tien ciia cie t i l p diem hd quang
(hinh 5,6)
2- Dp an mdn eua cdc t i l p d i l m hd quang v i t i l p
diem chfnh may eat vfldt q u i mfle thdng thfldng hay tdi
mUc di thfldng ma khdng c i n md khoang c i t ra (hinh 5)
3- T i l p diem ddng va t i l p diem tinh cfla may cat
khdng thSng hang (Ifch tim), eae tiep diem hd quang
boat ddng khdng dUpe tron tru (hinh 6)
4- Chat lupng t i l p xuc efla eic t i l p diem hd quang
xau do q u i trinh eat sU ed ngan maeh hoae e k ddng tai
trong van hanh Odi vdi m i y e k khi SF6, eie sin pham thfl
cap cfla khf SF6 sinh ra tren m i t tiep diem l i m gidm chat
lfldng tiep xfle cfla eae tiep diem hd quang (xem hinh 5,7)
Tiip Oiim cQ R5, laiin hu hgi
Mdnnht M6nn$ng Huhong
Hinh 5: Cdc tiep diem ho quang bi ro, mon vd chdy
Hinh 6: Tiep diem ho quang ddng bi lich tdm va tiep diem
ho quang tinh bihuhal
Hinh 7: Chdt luang tiep xitc cua cdc tiep diem ho quang xdu do cdc san pham thd cdp cua khiSF6 sinh ra trin mat tiep diem Idm giam chdt Iwgng tiep xuc cua cdc tiep diem ho quang
IV- Dac tuyen dien trd dong
1- Dgc tuyin diin trd dpng cdc tii'p diem mdy cdt cao the
- Khi do d i f n trd tiep xue, chi ed the do dfloc dien
trd tiep diem chfnh d trang thai tinh khi MC da ddng, cdn
t i l p d i l m hd quang dd bi ndi tat khdng danh gid dflpc
Trang 4S KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Co nhflng trudng hdp, t i l p diem hd quang da bj hdng,
nhung dien trd t i l p xfle van tdt, dan den t h i l u sdt trong
danh gia mfle dp van hdnh an toan cua mdy cat
- Phep do d i e tfnh difn trd ddng ehinh la do d i f n trd
t i l p xue, nhflng dieu khae biet d d i y Id do d i e t u y i n dien
hanh trinh (hoae thdi gian) hoat ddng eua m i y eat, dien
trd duoc do va so sanh theo thdi gian xuyen sudt trong
toan bd qua trinh ddng hodc cat eiia m i y eat vd k i t q u i
hoae theo hanh trinh cat hoae dong efla mdy cat: Rddng =
F (hanh trinh hoae thdi gian) Quan he gida dien trd ddng
vdi hanh trinh hoae thdi gian t u i n theo dang ham sd vdi
2 b i l n sd la dien trd ddng va hdnh trinh hoae thdi gian
2- Tdm quan trgng cua phep do ddc tuyen dien
trd dpng
- Blnh thudng gia trj dien trd t i l p xuc ehi danh gid
dfldc t i l p d i l m ehinh chju ddng t i i blnh thfldng d trang
t h i i tmh, hang myc nay chfla danh gid dfldc trinh trang
y l u efla t i l p diem mdy e k lat xiy ra tren t i l p d i l m hd
quang do nhiet va nang Ifldng dfldc sinh ra bdi ho quang
trong moi lan thao t i e ddng va eat may c k Tiep diem
hd quang se bj an mdn theo thdi gian do cat ddng ngan
maeh, cat ddng tai
- N l u t i l p diem hd quang q u i n g i n hoie trong trinh
trang xau, mdy eat hoat ddng khdng tin eay, g i i m dung
lupng cat sfl cd mdy c k , be mat tiep diem ehinh bj hfly
hoai bdi hd quang do qua nhiet, dien trd tiep xfle t i l p
khoang ek
- Hang muc do d i f n trd ddng la hang muc ehlnh kiem
tra cic t i l p diem dap hd quang trong m i y cat vd cho phep
xae djnh mdt cich rd rang hon hien trang xdy ra trong
khoang eat may e k ma cac hang muc thf nghiem khie
khdng the hifn rd hoae khdng tim ra true trae, khuyet t i t
t r i n bd tiep diem hd quang
3- Nguyen ly do vd nhCmg vdn de cdn luu y khi
thdc hien:
- Nguyen ly ehung la bom ddng DC va do dien ap rai
tren 2 eye khoang e k trong thao t i e eat hoae ddng, tfl do
dac tuyen difn trd ddng dfldc xae djnh theo Dinh luat Om
- Tfnh toan dien trd theo thdi gian hoae theo hanh trinh
may e k nhd cae t h i l t bi phan tieh chup sdng vd mdt so
phu kien lap them Yeu cau t h i l t bj phai ed dp nhay cao,
phan dnh ehinh xae qud trinh qua dp chuyen trang thai
cfla cae t i l p diem ehinh va t i l p d i l m hd quang trong thdi
gian n g i n tren d i e tuyen
- Ddng d i f n do phal ldn de ed do p h i n giai tdt, trdnh
do rung euc bd efla tiep diem tren dd thj, d i m bao lay
duoc d i e tuyen dien trd ddng sach, chfnh xae, tin eay,
thfldng ddng do > 100A d i n 1000A, ddng do Idn phdn
anh gan vdi thfle t l van hanh hon Khi do ddng eao cap cd
dd ehfnh xic cao hon, do tin hieu dien i p va ddng dfla vdo may phan tfch cao han, han che dflpc eic tfn hifu nhieu khdng mong mudn, anh hfldng den k i t qua do
- Cd the do dde tfnh d i f n trd ddng ddi vdi ei hai thao t i e ddng va cat Tuy nhien, thudng do v i danh gia trong qua trinh eat, tdt nhat la do d toe
dp cat thap (nlu MC ed ehflc nang thao t i c eham)
- Cach do do ft sfl dyng hon ddi vdi qud trinh ddng do phan truyin dpng cp khi khdng on dinh bang qud trinh cat thfldng cd eie rung ddng nhd gay nen eic sai sd khdng can t h i l t tren d i e tinh, hon nfla sy qua do ddng mdt ehilu tai thdi diem khi t i l p diem hd quang tiep xuc tao ra eic mfle nhieu khdng mong mudn, khdng quan sit dupe rd net sU thay doi d i f n trd tren d i e tfnh
V- Cac thong so chii yeu can xac dinh khi do
1 Cac thdng so can thiit :
- Do dae t u y i n d i f n trd ddng k i t hpp vdl do hdnh trinh t i l p diem ddng d l xac djnh (chan doan) dupe 6 thdng sd trong y l u sau:
+ Dae t u y i n dien trd t i l p xuc tiep diem ehinh + Die t u y i n dien trd tiep xuc tiep diem hd quang + Chieu ddi va thdi gian tiep diem ehinh + Chieu ddi vd thdi gian tiep diem hd quang -H Vi tri tiep xue tai phan t i l p d i l m hd quang + Dien tieh tieh luy dudi d i e tuyin dien trd (mO x mm)
- Phep do danh g i i duoc cic van de v l cd khf v i tudi thp ve d i f n efla t i l p diem chinh va tiep d i l m hd quang trong sudt q u i trinh hoat ddng cfla mdy cat Mouetnent stons
j-f: iMngih-of- - j — - j — oncinp cwloql- j — DiEpbceinentwhen
the-Hinh 8: Ddc tuyen diin trd dgng do dUdc vdl phdn mem CABA Win
2 Casd ddnh gid ddc tuyen diin trd dgng:
+ Dae tuyen dien trd dpng duac do lan dau dfla vao
v i n hdnh va trong cic dot thf nghiem djnh ky tiep theo d l
so sanh mfle dp suy giam chat lUpng tiep diem chinh va
Trang 5t i l p diem hd quang qua thdi gian van hanh
+ D i c t u y i n eua ede m i y c i t cflng loai: Kilm tra tinh b k
thudng k h i e b i f t don lesovdicicMCcungddisinxuatcung
kieu k i t cau thiet k l , cd cung loai vdt l i f u e h i t a o nhunhau
+ So sanh vdi d i e t u y i n dUpc cung cap bdi nha ehe tao
(neu cd)
3 Md td kit qud do cda mpt mdy cdt:
Cdc hinh i n h sau d i y md ta sd lieu do d i e tuyen dien
trd ddng cfla mdt m i y e k SF6 qua qud trinh van hdnh va
dai tu b i o dudng
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Aniag raniHipan —
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H'inh 9: Cdc thong so trin ddc tuyen diin trd dong
I.I|.ILUI,IJJI.I.IJ.I.IHJ1
Caalacl mrtl (IBIB)
Hinh 10: May cdt cd cdc tiep diem chinh
vd tiep diem ho quang tot
,.EmmmmmmM
yvJ
Hinh 17:77ep diem ho quang bi khuyet tdt qua
qud trinh van hdnh
KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Q
WllMMI
Main
JS 45 -iJ Contact Irani (nni)
Hinh 12: Tiep diem ho quang trdlai binh thUOng sau khi
dai tu
BUS
HQJH
IPWH
1768
60.3 1
Hinh 13: Tiep diem ho quong bi phdng diin
lai ben trong
Chl t i l u danh g i i v l trj sd Ra x Da (theo cac tai lifu nflde ngoai):
+ Ra X Da nam trong khodng 3-^5 mW.mm:Tilp diem
hd quang blnh thfldng + Ra X Da Idn hdn > 10 mW.mm:Tilp diem hd quang
cd khuylt t k
TAI L i i u THAIVI KHAO:
[1]- T i i lieu may eat eua nha che tao ABB, Siemens, Areva
[2]- Tdi lieu m i y ehup sdng ciia hang Programma-ThuyDien : EGIL,TM1600,TM1800, DRM 1800 [ 3 ] - T i i l i f u may ehyp sdng efla hang Doble-USA: TDR 9000
[4]-Tai lieu may ehup sdng cua hang Weis-Dflc: SAI 00 [5]- Cac phan mem dung cho cae may ehyp sdng: CABA,T-Doble,BTA