KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q TIM HIEU MOT S6 CHUONG TRINH TINH TOAN THOY NHIET HAT NHAN PHUC VU NHIEM VU DAU TAD CHDYEN NDANH Iran Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Huy Cdng Phdng QLKH&HTQTJrUdng Dai hoc O
Trang 1KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q
TIM HIEU MOT S6 CHUONG TRINH TINH TOAN THOY NHIET HAT NHAN
PHUC VU NHIEM VU DAU TAD CHDYEN NDANH
Iran Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Huy Cdng
Phdng QLKH&HTQTJrUdng Dai hoc Oien lUc
Tdm tdt: Trong nha mdy dien hat nhdn, cong nghe ve Id cung nhu nhCfng tinh todn vgt ly ve Id, dgc biet la
nhdng tinh todn ve thuy nhiet hgt nhan la nhifng vdn de quan trong nha't, co tam dnh hUdng Idn nhdt ve chdt iddng cung nhu ve tinh an toan cua Id ndi rieng vd cua ca nhd mdy noi chung Chinh vi vgy, viec t'lm hieu ve cdng nghe cOa cdc the he Id phan dng cung nhU tim hieu ve cdc chuong trinh tinh todn thuy nhiet hgt nhan Id het sdc can thiet vd cd tdm quan trgng dgc biet Bai bdo trinh bdy tong quan ve cdc the hi Id phdn dng cung nhude cap den mgt so chuang trinh tinh todn ve thuy nhiet
NhiJng kien thdc ve cdc logi Id va cdc kien thdc ve tinh todn thuy nhiet se Id nhdng tdi Heu het sdc bo ich cho sinh vien ndi neng vd phuc vu ddc lUc cho nhiem vu ddo tao nhdn ldc diin hgt nhdn ndi chung d trddng Dgi hoc Dien li/c
Mddau
Trong nha may dien hat nhan,
cdng nghe v l Id cung nhu nhdng tinh
toan vat ly v l Id Id nhdng van de quan
trpng nhat, cd tam i n h hudng Idn
nhat ve chat lupng cung nhu ve tfnh
an toan ciia n h i miy Chinh vi viy, viec
tim hieu ve cdng nghe cua cac the he
Id phan ufng cung nhu tim hieu v l cie
chuong trinh tinh t o i n thuy nhiet hat
nhan l i het sdc can thiet, nham trang
bj cho sinh vien chuyen nginh dien
hat nhan nhuYig kien thUc ed sd
Vdi d i e thii la mpt ehuyen nganh
het sUe mdi m l nen tdi lieu de phye
vu giang day chuyen nganh nay cdn
dang rat han c h l , n l u khdng mudn
ndi la hau nhU chua ed gl Cac ndi
dung ma bai bdo nay de cap se ddng
gdp duac mdt phan eho viee khac
phye nhCmg su ban c h l ve tai lieu do
Ndi dung ey the ciia bai bao bao gdm
nhdng van de sau d i y :
I Cac the h^ 16 phan CTng
a) The he I
Cic Id thude the he niy bat
ngudn tU nhCfng mau thiet ke ban dau
duoe p h i t triln de sd dung tren tau bien eudi nhdng n i m 1940 Ld phin iimg thUdng mai dau tien tren t h i gidi vdi cdng suat 5 MW Nha miy dien hat nhan thUdng mai dau tien tai My la Shippmgport van hanh vao nam 1957 vdi cdng suat 60 MW Cac Id phan dng thUdng mai nguyen mau (prototype) van hanh vao nhdng nam 1950 - 1960 nhu Shippmgport (My); Dresden - 1, Calder Hall - 1, Magnox (Anh); hay UNGG (Phdp) Phan ldn chung deu da hoae dang dupe dd bd do da trd nen Idi thdi vi khdng edn hieu qua cao v i mUe d i m b i o an t o i n thap
b) The he 11
Cac Id the he nay ddOc phat trien
tU the he I Da cd nhieu thay doi d i n g
ke trong thiet ke va k l c i ed mdt sd kieu hoan toan mdi so vdi the he trude Cic Id phan Ung dUdc xay dUng vao dau nhdng ndm 1970 va 1980
vd hien tai van dang dupe v i n hdnh thuong mai Cae Id phan dng nhU:
Ld dp luc (PWR: Pressurized Water Reactor), Ld nudc sdi (BWR: Boiled Water Reactor) cua cic nudc My, Phap; Ld p h i n Ung nude nhe (WER:
Vodo-Vodo Energo Reactor) va Ld phan dng hat nhan kieu kenh nang lUdng cao (RBMK: tieng Nga: reaktor bolshoy moshchnosti kanalniy ciia Nga; Ld CANDU nudc nang (Canada Deuterium Uranium) eua eie nudc Canada, An Dp; la nhdng vi du dien hinh ciia Id the he II [2] Chung dupc gpi la cic Id phdn dng nUde nhe (LWR: Light Water Reactor) do dUdc sddyng eae phUdng phdp ehii ddng truyen thdng bao gdm eie t i c ddng dien hoae cd khf thyc hien theo lenh Mdt
sd he thdng edn dUdc t h i l t k l van hanh theo k i l u thy ddng lam viec khi ed ngudi dieu khien hoae mat ngudn dien t u diing Da sd cic nha
m i y dien hat nhan tren t h i gidi dang van hdnh theo cdng nghe nay va 2/3
sd nha m i y dang xay dung eung theo
md hinh the he t h d II Thdi gian hoat ddng eua eic Id t h i he 11 la 40 nam trong khi the he I chi cd 30 nam
c) The he III
Cie Id the he III la cac thiet ke mang tinh eii tien so vdi the h i 11.Tfnh
Uu Viet hon eiia t h i he Id ndy the h i l n
d nhUng dae diem sau: a) Hodn thien
ffien & ff&i soni '^ 15
Trang 2El KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
cdng nghe nhien lieu; b) Dp an toan
eao hdn; c) Tieu chuan hda cae t h i l t
ke; d) Khi nang t y dpng hda eao hon
vdi it sU can thiep eua con ngUdi; e)
Nang suat nhiet cao hon [2,3]
d) The he 111+
Mac dil cac Id the he III mdi ra
ddi, nd lai da dupe nhieu chuyen gia
xem nhu da ldi thdi vl ciing mdt ky
thudt vdi cic Id PWR Gia thdnh xdy
hdn cic loai the he 11 khoing 1,5 den
2 lan (ddn g i i eho 1 kW cdng suat
da thue day cic nha khoa hoc t i l n tdi
cic chuang trinh nghien cdu ve t h i
he Id phdn dng mdi the he 111+ cho
hieu q u i vd tdi Uu hdn
e) The he IV
Ld phan dng hat nhan the he IV
dang dupe 10 nUde ehung sde nghien
eUu trong khudn khd Hiep dinh FIG,
do My d l xUdng tU n i m 2000 vdi 6
kieu Id bao gom 3 Id neutron nhanh
vd 3 Id nhiet da dUde lUa chon
Cae Id tuong lai nay ed khuynh
hudng t i l n tdi chu ky kin, nghTa Id
cie Id phai ed k h i nang ddt ehiy
phan Idn chat thai (Id nhanh) de dap
dng 4 tieu chuan chi'nh la tiet kiem
tai nguyen; t i l t kiem v l ehu ky nhien
lieu; han che chat t h i i phdng xa; va
han c h l sU lan rdng vu khi nguyen td
Vi dang edn trong thdi ky phdi
thai, nen phan ldn eic Id nay, t r i n
ly thuyet Id an toan hdn, nhUng
ehua the xuat hien tren thj trUdng
trd mpt phien b i n ciia 16 p h i n dng
nhiet dd rat cao {VHTR: Very High
Temperature Reactor) la mdt trong
6 kieu t h i l t k l cho Id p h i n dng hat
nhan the he mdi - the he IV) va dUdc
gpi la Nhd m i y hat nhan t h i he mdi
(NGNP: Next Generation Nuclear
Plant) se duoc hodn t h i n h trong
n i m 2021.[4]
II Tim hieu mot sd chUtfng
trinh t i n h toan thuy nhiet hat nhan
An t o i n trong van hanh nha
m i y dien hat nhan ed y nghTa vd
ciing quan trpng; bdi vl nd lien
quan tdi khdng ehi van d l kinh t l
cua nha miy, an toan ciia con ngudi trong khu vUc nhd m i y ma cdn i n h hudng tdi c i cae cU d i n va mdi trudng trong khu vUc xung quanh
Cie su ed va tai nan x i y ra doi vdi nha m i y dien hat n h i n thdi gian qua la minh chdng cho viec nay Dae biet tai nan x i y ra vdi n h i m i y dien hat nhan Fukushima cua N h i t Bin
t h i n g 3/2011 la mdt minh chdng
Tai nan tai nha m i y dien hat nhan Fukushima dd dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi mdi trudng vd con ngudi khdng chl cua Nhat Ban md ddi vdl c i t h i gidi; ldm i n h hUdng nang n l tdi nen kinh t l N h i t B i n ; ldm thay ddi
ea chinh sieh n i n g lUpng cua Nhat Ban Gia tri to Idn ma nang lUpng hat nhan mang d i n cho eon ngUdi la rd rang Song viec sddung ngudn nang lupng nay mdt cich an toan ed y nghia sdng cdn va dUpc t h i gidi dac biet quan tam De d i m b i o an toan eho hoat ddng cua nha may dien hat nhan; trong dd ddm bdo cho hoat dpng an t o i n cua Id phan dng hat nhan cd vai trd rat quan trpng
Chinh vi vay, viec hieu b i l t thau dao hoat dpng ciia Id p h i n Ung hat nhan ndi chung vd cdc qud trinh vat ly, dac biet cac qua trinh thuy nhiet trong
16 cd y nghTa rat quan trpng Tat e i eae nude ed nha m i y dien hat n h i n
d i u ed dpi ngu tinh t o i n thuy nhiet
Viec tinh todn thuy n h i l t trong 16 phdn dng khdng ehi giiip hieu biet qua trinh dien b i l n trong boat ddng eua Id p h i n Ung de viec van hdnh an
t o i n ; md nd edn giup hieu dUoc eae dien bien theo thdi gian khi cdsUco
va tai nan Dieu nay rat hdu feh; bdi
vi nd giup cie ehuyin gia, eie nha van hanh tien dodn cac dien bien se
x i y ra de ed hudng khac phuc, giup gidm thieu h i u qud cua tai nan Viet Nam se xdy dyng nha may dien hat nhan trong tUdng lai rat gan trong khi ngudn nhan lUc dang thieu,
d i e biet chiing ta ehua ed dpi ngu ehuyen gia v l tinh toan thuy nhiet;
cung nhu ehUa ed cd sd ddo tao nao day cie chuong trinh tinh toan nay
Day chfnh Id ly do chiing tdi lUa chpn viee tim hieu, n g h i l n eUu chddng trinh tinh t o i n thuy n h i l t vdi muc dieh phyc vu viec dao tao
Hien nay, mdt so chuong trinh tinh t o i n thuy nhiet cho Id phin Ung hat nhan dang dupc sUdung, nhutd: CATHARE, TRACE, COBRA, RELAP
a) ChUtfng trinh CATHARE
(Code for Analysis of Thermal-Hydraulics during an Accident of Reactor and Safety Evaluation) Id
chuong trinh tinh t o i n thuy nhiet duoc phat trien tai GRENOBLE bdi
ed quan nang lupng nguyen t d Phip (CEA), Cdng ty dien lUe Phdp (EDF), Cdng ty FRAMATOME-ANP va IRSN vdo nhdng n i m 70 cua t h i k^ trudc ChUdng trinh nay dupc phit trien nham thuc hien tinh t o i n vdi do chinh xic cao cho tai nan 16 phdn Ung nudc ap luc: tai nan mat chat lam
mat (ed nhd va cd Idn, is vdng sd cap
hay t h d cap) Do ra ddi sau, chUdng trinh Cathare cd t h i vien sd lieu ehUa nhilu v i dupe sU dung chii yeu tai Phip va mdt sd nude sd dyng cdng nghe Id phdn Ung hat nhan eua Phap ChUdng trinh tinh toan CATHARE bao gdm ba phan dupe chia thdnh 3 file thuc thi:
CATHARE pre-processing (READER.exe): dpc file dd lifu dau vao, sd ly d d lieu dau vao, phat hien loi, cung cap thdng tin eho vi&c tinh toan
- CATHARE calculation (CATHAR exe): thUe thi vile md phdng dua tren tinh t o i n thiiy nhiet
- CATHARE post-processing results {POSTPRO.exe): trich xuat kit qui phdn tich cho viec phan tich kit qud Ngoai ra ehUdng trinh CATHARE cdn cd t h i dUdc md rdng bang each ket hpp vdi eie ehUdng trinh khac nhU: chUdng trinh tfnh t o i n Notron 3D (CRONOS), ehUdng trinh tinh
t o i n thuy nhiet vimg hoat (FLICA)
va chuong trinh tfnh todn tai nan
n g h i l m trong (CARE2)
Ctf sit toan hoc ap dung trong
CATHARE
ChUdng trinh CATHARE dUdC viet dua tren viee giai cic phUOng trinh: Can bang nang lupng vd khdi lupng; phuong trinh c i n bang xung luang Cy t h i ed:
Trang 3KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q
- 4 phUdng trinh vd hUdng (phuong trinh c i n
b i n g nang lUpng va khdi lupng cho moi pha Idng
(nudc) v i khi (hoi nude))
- 2 phuong trinh vector (phUdng trinh can bang xung
luang cho moi pha nudc v i hdi nudc)
- 4 phUdng trinh van ehuyen khi khdng ngUng ty
(diing cho cie khi nito, hydro, oxi, khdng khi)
- Cac phuang trinh van chuyen 12 thanh phan hda
phdng xa
Cau true cua chUtfng trinh CATHARE
Chuang trinh CATHARE dupe xiy dyng theo eau true
modul Cic modul khie nhau dimg de md phdng eae phan
khic nhau trong tfnh t o i n cic thdng sd cua Id phan dng
Nghien cihi sijrdung chUtfng trinh CATHARE cho 16
phSn ij^g WER cDa Lien Bang Nga
ChUdng trinh tinh todn thiiy nhiet CATHARE dUpc viet
cho Id PWR ciia phuong Tay Ld WER v i Id PWR (Id PWR cua
cac nude Au, My) cd mpt sd diem khie nhau trong t h i l t
kl, cu the la blnh sinh hdi n i m ngang trong IdWERva
t h i n g ddng trong Id PWR
TU quan diem md phdng thuy nhiet, diem khic biet
d i n g k l nhat gida Id WER va 16 PWR la t h i l t ke eua binh
sinh hdi Trong ed hai trudng hpp, nude lam mat vdng sP
cap ehiy trong cae dng nhd cua blnh sinh hdi Cac dng
binh sinh hoi nam ngang trong trudng hpp Id WER va
thang ddng trong Id PWReCia phUdng Tay Ben vdng thd
cap, nude sdi va hon hpp nUde - hdi nude ehiy len
theo phuang t h i n g ddng Do dd, trong trudng hpp
cua blnh sinh hoi t h i n g dUng, ddng ben thd cap chu
yeu Id song song vdi ddng ben so cap cdn trong trudng
hpp Id WER, ddng ben t h d cap chii yeu la vudng gde vdi
ddng ben so cap D i l m khdc biet quan trong thU hai gida
2 loai Id la vj tri eua he thdng ECCS Trong hau h i t cae
thiet ke Id p h i n dng cua phuong Tay, nudc cap cdu t d
he thdng ECCS duoc bdm vao kenh lanh va hien tupng
nhung lanh b l mat trong viing hoat xay ra t d d i y
den dinh viing hoat Trong khi dd, trong mdt sd t h i l t
ke eda 16 WER, nudc cap edu edn dUdc bdm tryc tiep
vao khoang luu hdi hoae khoang tren viing hoat hoie c i
hai.Vivay, vimg boated the dUdc cap nudc c i t d dudi len
vdtUtren xudng Hon nda, nudc lanh duac ham t d he
thdng ECCS v i o khoang tren viing hoat g i y ra hien
tUdng ngung tu trong mdt the tich ldn Cic khic biet nay
ddt ra cdc yeu eau dac biet ddi vdi cae chudng trinh tinh
toan vl eie ehuong trinh nay khdng ed k h i ndng md t i
cac hien tUpng n i y hoie khdng duac ddnh gia mdt
each thfch dang
Cac k i t qua d i n h g i i va kiem ehdng chi ra ring
cd the sd dyng chUdng trinh CATHARE eho eie nghien
cdu danh gia an t o i n thCiy nhiet eho Id WER Tuy nhien,
danh gid ciing ehi ra rang mdt sd van de can phii dupe
d i n h g i i lai sau khi cd cic d d lieu tU cae thyc nghiem khic
nda Cic van d l nay chii y l u lien quan d i n eae blnh sinh hoi nam ngang cung nhu sU ngUng tu, t i c h pha trong cic dng ben so cap cua blnh sinh hdi
b) ChUtfng trinh tinh toan thuy nhiet RELAP 5 (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program)
Chuang trinh RELAP5 duac phat tnen bdi phong thi
nghiemqudcgia Idaho-INEELddaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory) dUdi su d i t h i n g ciia Uy ban dieu t i l t hat nhdn hoa ky (USNRC) eho cie phan tich
b i l n ddi chuyin t i l p vdl Id nude nhe Chuong trinh ndy dupe lien tuc phat tnen t d phien ban dau tien Id RELAPSE nam 1966, sau dd la RELAP 2, RELAP 3, RELAP 4 Net mdi die trung chinh cua RELAP 5 la viec sd dyng md hinh chat Idng kep, khdng cdn bang, khdng thuan nhat, md hinh thiiy dpng hpe eho md t i trang thai chuyen tiep ciia he thdng ehuyin tiep hai pha Md hinh thuy ddng hoc la mot chilu, md hinh chat long kep cho ddng trpn hai pha Idng-hoi ed t h i chda ea cac thanh phan khdng ngUng tu trong pha hoi hoae khdng tan trong chat Idng 8 phUdng trtnh eiia trUdng dupe giai eho tdm bien khdng phy thudc gdm:
Ap suat, hai bien nang lUpng ben trong ciia hai pha (Iciia pha Idng va 1 eiia pha hoi), the tfeh hoi (bpt), hai bien toe
dp ciia hai ddng pha, lupng chat khdng ngUng tu, mat dp cha't hda tan (vidy Bo)
- Stf do khdi ciia chUtfng t r i n h RELAP 5
RELAP 5 (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program) dupe viet de tinh cae thdng sd ciia 16 p h i n Ung hat nhan trong trudng hpp hoat ddng binh thudng eung nhu trong trudng hop chuyen t i l p va sy ed
RELAP5
So do ldm viec tong the cua Relop 5
Trong dd:
INPUTD: Khdi sd lieu Idi vao: sd ly, kiem tra sd lieu trong file input; chuan b| cae khoi dd lieu can t h i l t cho cic tinh t o i n sau nay
TRNCTL: khdi trang thai dn dinh v i chuyen tiep (transient/steady-state): handles eho e i q u i trinh hoat ddng dn dmh va qua trinh chuyen tiep
STRIP: Khdi chuyen t i l p so lieu tinh todn
ffien A ff&i songl \j
Trang 4[j D
1
I TRNSET I I TRAN | | TRNFIN |
I CHKLEvI
I CONVAR I
: c
Sddo khoi dung de tinh todn trong qud trinh chuyen tie'p
Trong do:
TRNSET: khdi lien k i t cie mang d d lieu; qudn ly qua
trinh tinh toan
TRAN: khdi q u i n ly eae qud trinh chuyen tiep
TRNFIN:khdi qudn ly qud trinh goi vd giai phdng sd
lieu sau khi da tfnh toan
CHKLEV: khdi mUc, d i l u khien sU dich chuyen cdc
mUe 2 pha
TRIP: khdi he thdng danh g i i eic trang t h i i logic
TSTATE: khdi tfnh t o i n trang t h i i nhiet ddng hpc
ciia nudc
HTADV: khdi tinh todn qua trinh truyin nhiet
HYDRO: khdi tinh todn thiiy ddng hpe
RKiN: khdi tinh t o i n ddng hpe 16 p h i n Ung
CONVAR: khdi he thdng dieu khien
DTSTEP: khdi d i l u khiln bUdc thdi gian trong tfnh t o i n
- Nguyen tac hoat ddng cua RELAP 5
Cac thong so dau vao
De chay chuong trinh, ngUdi thyc hien phal xay
dung file dau vao (input file) theo dinh dang qui dinh cua
RELAP 5 Chupng trinh se dpc eae y l u cau v i sd lieu trong
input file va thue hien ede budc tinh toan va cho k i t q u i
ra (output) theo yeu cau eua ngUdi sd dyng dudi dang sd
Relap 5 duac v i l t tren ngdn ngdfortran; do vay input
file can dUdc viet theo dung mau ciia fortran RELAP 5 qui
dmh 1 ddng ed 96 ky tU; neu sd lieu dUa vdo tren 1 ddng
nhd hdn 96 thi cae ky t y trdng dupe dUa vao cudi ddng
de cho dil 96 ky tU Tuy nhien chi 80 ky t y dau tien dUpc
sddung eho ehUPng trinh RELAP 5; 16 cdt edn lai diing
de chu giai De thuan tien, chi 72 cpt duPc sd dyng cho
sd lieu tinh t o i n ; 8 edt cdn lai ciia 80 cdt diing de danh sd
ddng va eae khoang trdng
Mdt b i n input RELAP 5 bao gdm it nhat 1 card ten,
cac card tiiy chon, card sd lieu va card ket thiie
- Cach thiiTc chay chUtfng trinh RELAP 5
Sau khi xdy dung xong input file; dting input file dua vao ehUdng trinh RELAP 5 d l tinh toan ede thdng Chuong trinh se tinh t o i n c i c thdng s6 quan tam cua 16
p h i n Ung (da ehi ra trong input file) vd cho k i t qua ra (out put file)
Mot so ket qua tinh toan tren RELAP 5;
Sd dung ehuong trinh tfnh toan RELAP 5 de tinh mpt
sd thdng sd ciia 16 phan Ung trong trudng hdp chin lanh
bj vd Sd do bd trf thf nghiem nhu hinh dudi Vet vdtai phan nam ngang ciia chan lanh;cd dang hinh trdn, dudng kfnh 27 cm; v i t vd hudng len tren Gid sii, Id dang van hdnh d trang thdi binh thudng vdi cdng suat 100% Tai thdi d i l m t - 200s, vet vd bat dau xuat hien Chiing toi
di tinh cic thdng sd: Nhiet dp, dp suat trong Id; nhiet dp v6 thanh nhien lieu; boat ddng ciia bdm dp suit cao, bam dp suit thap, ACC; Kit q u i tinh todn dUdc chi ra dudi day
L6 phan Ung
Hinh 2 Vj tri vet vd
1.2 Mot so ket qua tinh toan
-^15
^ 1 0
Luu lu^ng ECC
— HPI
—ACC LPI
200 300 400 500 600 700
Thdi gian (s)
Hinh 3 Lt/u luang dong ECC
Trang 5Sau khi c h i n lanh bj vd, i p suat he thdng g i i m , dan
tdi khdi ddng he thdng cap nude khi'n cap ECC
Sau khi v i t vdxuat hien, dp suat trong thiing Id g i i m
xudng cdn 9,61 MPa (sau 20 giay); luc nay bdm dp suat
cao dUdc khdi ddng, bdm nudc vao thiing Id; nhUng do
sau 115 giay bdm i p suat cao ngdng vi h i t nudc; Lue
nay van dupe m d ra de chuyen nUdc tU ACC vdo thiing
Id Do nudc t d v e t v d t i l p tuc chdy ra ngoai, i p suat trong
thiing Id t i l p tuc gidm; sau 240 giay, khi i p suat g i i m tdi
1,12IVlPa thi bdm ap s u i t thap khdi ddng, cung cap t h i m
nudc eho Id p h i n Ung
Luu lugng d6iig khi bj \
Muc nudc g i i m dan do mat nudc tU vet vd, sau do tang mpt lUpng nhd do duac cung cap nUdc tU ACC va cac
he thdng cap nUdc khan cap khdc
250 300 350 400
Th6i gian (s)
Hinh 4 LUu Iddng dong vd
Luu lupng ddng vd gidm dan do i p suat giam bdi vi
lupng nudc trong Id g i i m ; nhiet cung cap tU thanh nhien
nhieu g i i m
&
1
OOOE-1-00
Pbaabdapsuat
y
^ \
^ ~ v _ _ _
Hinh 5 Phdn bo dp sudt trong Id theo thdi gian
Ap suit he thdng giam dan do mat nude va do 16
dimg hoat ddng, khdng edn nhiet sinh ra t d phdn dng
p h i n hach, ehi cdn nhiet t d p h i n ra phdng xa cua manh
p h i n baeh va eiia cdc ddng vi nhan tao; i p suat tai mpi vi
tri trong ldi 16 p h i n Ung hau nhu ddng deu
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Hinh 7 Luu Iddng dong tgi chan Ignh
Lull luang ddng nudetuan hodn tai chin lanh g i i m do
i p suat trong I d g i i m d a n v a d o l u d n g nUde trong 16 giam
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Hinh 8 Nhiet do be mat thanh nhien lieu tgi cdc diem khdc nhau.[l]
Do mat nudc qua vet vd; nUde edn lai trong Id phan Ung bde hdi lam mUc nudc trong thimg Id g i i m dan den cae thanh nhien lieu khdng dUdc lay nhiet bdi ehat t i i nhiet la nude Day l i nguyen nhan lam cho nhiet do b l mat thanh nhien lieu t i n g dan do mat nUdc (nhiet dupe sinh ra trong trudng hpp nay do phan ra phdng xa eua cae m i n h phan hach vd cae ddng vj nhan tao khac cd trong thanh nhien lieu); sau dd nhiet dp g i i m dan vl 16 phan dng ngdng hoat ddng va nude dupe eung cap t d bdm i p suat cao, ACC vd bam dp suat thap Nhiet dd b l mat thanh nhien lieu cao nhat tai diem gida thanh va g i i m dan v l 2 dau thanh Nhiet
dd be mat thanh nhien lieu tai vi tri sd 9/10 (gan dau tren eiia thanh nhien lieu) lai nhd hdn tai v; tri sd 1 (dau dudi thanh nhien lieu); hien tUdng nay dUoe giii thieh do ed nude d phan tren ciia ldi 16; cac tfnh t o i n cung chi ra d i l u ndy
- Mot sd dac diem can luu y trong qua trinh tfnh toan
Nhu da ndi d phan tren, RELAP S duac viet bang ngdn ngdfortran, do vay sd lieu Idi vao (input file) phai phan dau, m i y tfnh se khdng hieu hodc hieu sai dan den tinh todn nham
Trang 6H KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Vl nha may dien hat nhan dUdc
md hinh hda trong q u i trinh tfnh
toan, do vay sd lieu ldi vao (trong
input file) can dupc ehinh xic theo vi
trf thue tuong dng (vdi md hinh); sd
lieu ldl ra dUoe trd v l theo sd do md
hmh hda, khi lay sd lieu ra can ehu y
ldi vi tri thUe tuong dng
Can ed kien thdc v l thiet ke thyc
eiia nhd miy dien hat nhan can tinh
toan d l viee dua thdng sd Idi vao
(inputfile) chinh xac
Cdc ket q u i cua chuang trinh
tinh toan la cic k i t q u i toan hoc; sau
khi cd k i t qua nay; y nghia vat ly ciia
cie qua trinh vat ly, thiiy nhiet trong
tudng tan q u i trinh dien b i l n trong
16 p h i n dng de cd eie dng xd phii
hpp khi cd cic bat thudng xiy ra
trong q u i trinh van hanh
III Phuc vu dao tao n g u o n
nhan lUc cho dien hat nhan
Myc tieu cua ChUdng trinh dao
tao ky sU ve dien hat nhin d Dai hpe
Dien lyc la ddo tao ra nhdng can bpky
t h u i t lam edng t i e van hanh cac edng
doan trong nha miy dien hat nhan
Chinh vl viy viee n i m vdng edng nghe
v l eic loai Id, cdc Uu, nhupc d i l m ciia
chung de phuc vu cho cdng t i c v i n
hinh la mdt trong nhung nhiem vu
ehfnh eiia ngudi can bd ky thuat
LTnh vUcddotao kysu v i n hanh
n h i may dien hat n h i n la mdt Unh
vyc h i t sdc mdi m l d nudc ta Dai hpe
Oien luc Id dOn v\ dau tien trong ea
nudc duac giao thuc hien nhiem vu
nay Chinh vl viy, cic tai lieu d l phuc
vu giang day ehuyen nganh nay cdn dang rat han che, n l u khdng mudn ndi la hau nhu chua ed
Vdi phan gidi thieu v l cic edng nghe 16 phdn dng hat n h i n , d i e biet
la cdng nghe 16 eiia cac the he III, III+,
bai bao da cung cap nhUng thdng tin
nha miy dien hat nhan dang dUOc
dp dung tren the gidi, tU do tao duac
sU ddng thuan cung nhU su iing hp eho viec xay dung nhd m i y dien hat nhan d nudc ta, nham gdp phan gidm thieu s u t h i e u h u t v l nang lupng dien trong qua trinh edng nghiep h o i , hien dai hoa dat nudc,
Vdi phan gidi thieu cie ehUdng trinh tinh t o i n thuy nhiet hat n h i n , bdo b i o giiip ngUdi dpc cd duoc c i i nhin bao qudt v l linh vUc tinh toan cung nhu cd cac h i l u biet sau han
v l cac thdng sd ciia 16 p h i n Ung hat
n h i n trong trudng hop van hdnh blnh thudng va trong trudng hap
cd sU cd xiy ra ciing nhu gliip ngudi doc h i l u biet them nhdng k i l n thde trong viec p h i t hien va xd ly bUdc dau v l cdc sued do
Ddi vdi nhd mdy dien hat n h i n , cie thdng sd thu dupc trong viee tinh toan thuy nhiet trong Id p h i n Ung ciia eic loai 16 khdng nhdng giup cho eho cie eo quan cd trdch nhiem trong viec lua ehpn cdng nghe thich hdp
md c6n Id ca sd cho viec dam bdo an toinvtrdng qua trinh van hanh nhd miy.iD^ng thdi viec tinh toan ndy eung edn hdu fch eho viecrtrang bi thenj e^c kien thUe cho ngt36n nhdn Juc ($eiih?tJihan eua chung ta trong
n
I !
q u i trinh t i l p nhan vd qudn ly van hanh n h i m i y trong thdi gian tdi Trude mat, trong chuang trinh
d i o tao ciia chuyen nganh, mdn hgc mdn hpc thudc khdi kiln thUc ca
sd cua chuyen nganh Chinh vl vdy, nhdng k i l n thdc v l tinh toan thuy nhiet la h i t sde can thiet Bai bao da trang bi cho sinh vien nhCfng kiln thUc
CO bdn ve qua trinh truyin vd trao doi nhilt, v l q u i trinh t i i nhilt xay ra nhiet dp eie ehat tdi nhiet vdng 1 va vdng 2 trong blnh trao ddi nhiet Cac tai lieu tham khdo [1] TM.Ngpc, V.H.Hodn,
N.H.Cdng, V.V.Van, Tinh todn thuy
nhiit cua Id nddc Ignh sieu tdi hgn vdi
mo h'inh sdu phUdng trinh trong phan memAPROS, Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd cdng nghe ndng Idong so 5/2013
[2] http://vi/wv/.nucleartourist com/type/vver.htm
[3] Debu Majumdar "Nuclear Power in the 2 1 " Century: Status
& Trends in Advanced Nuclear Technology Development," lectures given at the workshop on Nuclear Reactor and Safety Trieste, 25 February - 28 March 2002 [4] B.A Semenov, "Nuclear power in the Soviet Union", IAEA Bulletin, Vol.25, No.2
[5] Jan van Cappelle,
"Characteristics of some of the Gen 111 designs" Symposium KIVI-NIRIA/NSS/ DYG, May 2005
/