Md dau Bun dd Id chit thai phdt sinh ra tii cac nha mdy san xuat alumin, Hipn tpi, tren the gidi, ty le xi> ly tdi sir dyng doi vdi bun dd cdn thip khoang 5%, phan Idn luang bun dd thai
Trang 1A l Q T SO NGHIEN CLL TR.AO DOI VE THAI V.A L i t GIU BL N DO TREN THE GIOI
TS Biii Thanh Hoang, TS Ngu>tn Quoc Thinh
(len Khoa hgc Cong ngh4 Md - \ Inacomin Bien lap: ThS Hodng Minh Hung
Tom tit:
Bdt bdo dd tong quan cdc phuang phdp do thdi vd liru giir bitn do tren thi gidi, nghien cuu cac bai thdi him dd cu thi nhu -iughinish {.-ii-xcr-len), Binh Qud (Trung Qudc) vd Tdn Rai (Viet Wim), tir do dua ra mgt sc'f nhdn xet trao ddi lien quan den vdn ndy
1 Md dau
Bun dd Id chit thai phdt sinh ra tii cac nha
mdy san xuat alumin, Hipn tpi, tren the gidi, ty le
xi> ly tdi sir dyng doi vdi bun dd cdn thip khoang
5%, phan Idn luang bun dd thai ra da va dang
dupc d l thai va luu gitr bing cac phuang phap
khac nhau Vi vay, phuang phdp thai, luu giu
thi ndo d l dam bdo tinh an todn, mdi trudng
vd kinh t l Id mpt v i n de Idn vd cd nhieu tdc
djch thai, gia tdng sire ep cpng ding va thyc tiln Id phuang phdp ndy tien tdi phai ngirng dp dyng
2.2 Do thai vio vung trung (Lagooing)
Biin dd tir nhd mdy dup'c bam vao cdc viing trung cac viing trung cd the Id ty nhien ho^c cdc thung lung cd ddp chdn dam bdo vCrng chdc cho tuu giu biin thdi Viec dp dyng phuang phdp thudng tan dyng vung cd dja hinh ty nhien hodc dOng tdi hoat dpng sdn xuat ciia cdc nhd mdy cdc Idng moong do khai thac md ho^c d i t tpo cdng dong dan cu vd mdi trudng ty nhien xung
quanh Nghien ciru, tim hilu ve cdc phuang
phdp thdi vd luu giu bun dd tren t h i gidi qua
dd due riit kinh nghipm khoa hpc vd thyc tien
d l vpn dyng phii hap cho dieu kten cua ngdnh
cdng nghipp nhdm cdn mdi me d Vipt Nam Id
rit can thilt
thdnh Khi l i l n hdnh phuang phdp nay, can Idp lot xung quanh vd ddy d l hpn c h l toi da vi0c thodt djch tir bat thdi vdo nudc ngam Ldp Idt dan gtan nhit la dung mpt Idp d i t set l i y tir
d i t dd thai trong qud trinh khai thac mo hope trong khu vyc, tuy nhien, vdi mdt Idp ndy thdng
thudng khdng dam bao De ndng cao kha ndng
2 Cac phuang phap do thai va luu g i u chong tham cd the dung k i t hap vdi cac lopi biin dd tren the gidi
Cdc phuang phap do thai vd luu giir biin dd
gim cdc dpng sau [5]:
2.1 D6 thii xuong biin (Seawater discharge)
Ld phuang phdp do thai tryc tilp bun do
xulng btin, thudng Id bun do duac dan dudng
Ing ra xa bd vd do vao bun bien sau LTu dilm
cua phuang phdp ndy Id giam duac dp lyc ve
nhu cau su dyng dat, khdng cdn tien hanh cat
tpo ddng cCra bai thai, giam cac tac dpng tdi mdi
trudng so vdi do thai tren d i t lien nhu 6 nhiem
byi d nhiem nudc mdt vd nudc ngam cdc
kim loai dpc hpi thoat ra tir bai thai Tuy nhien
phuang phdp ndy Ipi cd nhuac diem dd la lam
vting bien bj bao phu bdi mau do tang dd dye
ciia nudc biln d i n tdi pha hoai he sinh thdi,
tilm an phdt tan cdc kim lopi ddc hpi vdo m6i
tn/dng biln, tac dOng Idu ddi tdi hp smh thdi n6i
Chung va chudi thuc dn ndi neng, mit di mpt
luong kiem vd alumin cd gid trj di theo bun vd
mang nhya ehlng tham, vdi dja ky thu$t Lfu dilm cua giai phdp ndy Id giam chi phi sir dyng d i t n l u tpn dyng duac dja hinh phu hap, khdng yeu cau phai co dac ho0c Ipc bim d6 trudc khi do, han c h l duac 6 nhiem nhd cd Idp chong thim Tuy nhidn, phuang phdp ndy d n c6 dipn tich Idn de luu chira, can c6 k l hoach
va von d l ddp irng yeu c l u dong cira phgc h i i bai thai, mat di mpt luang kiem vd alumin c6 gia trj di theo bim va djch thai Mat khdc, neu khdng duac trung hda, se tpo nen mpt dpng h i cd dp kiem cao ddi hdi cao v l ddp irng an toan m6i trudng doi vdi con ngudi, ddng vdt hoang dd, dich kiem va chit dOc hpi cao thodt ra doi vdi m6i trudng nudc mdt vd nudc ngim, chi phi xdy dyng va duy tri cao khd khan trong cai tao ddng cua bdi thai
2.3 D6 thii khd trii nhiiu Idp (Dry stacking)
Bun do sau qud trinh rua duac c6 ddc thdnh dpng hon hop cd ham lupng chat rdn tCf 48-55"?'
e'o KHCNM SO I 2017 * \I(H | Ki (IN( MO
Trang 2mdi tien hanh d l thai Hon hap bun duac vpn tich bai thdi, phii hap vdi mpi dia hinh, k g chuyin tdi bai thai bdng dudng Ing va duoc trai c i n dpp Idn vd chi yeu cdu bd bao nno, y thanh Idp tren di^n tich cua bdi thai de khir nude cd nguy ca tham hpa khi cd dja cnan vi u bdng thdo khd va bay hai dudi dnh ning mpt bun dd dong nhit duac k/u 9 ' ^ ' ° ' : ' " f ° " f / ^ T ^ trdi phuang phdp ndy lam eho biin dd khd, ham sue khang cao d l i vdi hda Idng khi tiepxuc vai luong chit r i n dat tdi 62-65% Ngodi ra thilt nudc vd dung djch; nguy co rd n chdt o nniem
k l tien tiln cdn bao gom viec thdo nudc dp h ia tir bun dd thip; than thien vdi moi truong va cai dudi ddy nhdm tang tinh on dinh cho bai thdi tao bai thai nhanh, de dang Nhup-c diem cua Ngudi ta dp dyng phuang phap thai khd nhieu phuang phdp nay Id dau tu thiet bi cao va chi Idp doi vdi nhung noi thilu dien tich dit, su phi vpn hanh t i n cho khau Ipe kho bun d6 trudc dyng d i t han c h l va ddt; d i t phdng, d i t tham khi do thai [3]
thiu nhieu; nai cd yeu c l u cao doi vdi bdo vp 2.5 Uch sir phit triin cua cic phuang phip mdi trudng; dia diem bdi thai ndm canh nha mdy do thai bun dd
alumin Tinh uu viet cua phuang phdp thai kho Thdng qua nghien ciru phuang phap do thai nhieu Idp nay Id: An todn giam duoc nguy hpi tir 1965-2007 cua 17 nha may alumin (chilm cho ngudi vd dpng vat hoang da; thai khd nhieu 440/^, tren tong so 76 tripu tan san phim alumin Idp cho phep tang chilu cao ciia bai thai, dieu to^p cau ndm 2007) cho thay ty Ip dp dgng cdc
md bai thdi udt thdng thudng khdng thyc hipn phu-ong phap do thdi dugc the hi0n tren hinh 1 duac xet v l gdc dp kmh t l , nhu t h i , sir dyng ^5]
dipn tich bai thai cung it han Nhupe dilm ciia j^^^ng qua hinh 1 cho thay xu hudng phdt
phuang phdp nay la cd the khd khan d nhung ^^.j^j.^ ^^ phuong phap thai bim dd xulng biln khu vuc cd luanq mua nhilu kha ndng boc hoi , •, ,; »,A„ wim/^ trnnn rAi trs-i trii khA nhieu Idn tdi thdi vao vung trung roi tdi trdi khd nhieu Idp
Ndm 1965, cd 1 nha mdy do thdi bim dd xulng khu vyc c6 luang mua nhieu kha ndng t
kem; chi phi trong qud trinh do thai ton kdm han
vi bun trudc khi thdi phai duac c6 dpc d mirc d0
nhat djnh, qua trinh thai phai thyc hipn theo cac
quy trinh nghiem ngdt va cd t h i phai tiln hdnh
cd vipc dung may bira de dao ldp bim cho mau
khd [3,5]
2.4 Phutyng phip thai khd (Dry disposal)
Bim dd sau qua trinh rua dugc Ipe khd thanh
dpng bdnh (c6 hdm lugng chit rdn >65%) Bim
dd khd dugc vpn chuyin d l ra bai thai bdng dtd
hodc bdng bdng tai chuyen diing Phuong phdp , , , , , • , - ,.• £
.,•> u - i UA J .a' i- •' u * ^ \i - hlinh 1 Lich su phat tnen cua
do thai khd cd uu diem la: giam thieu dugc dipn , > , , ,
cac phtrang phip do thai bun do Bing 1 Dirli^u vi thgc hanh do thii eua 17 nha may nghidn cOv giai dogn tir nim 1965-2007
1959
t963
1967
1972
1973
1960
1963
1964
1995
Kiitvi
Quvonsland Ak«nhi» L m K
G<N>«Akjmha
C V G BauxkMt Wontoy Ali«nr>a Wagarup
Trang 3biln 2 nhd may d l thdi vdo vimg trung Phuang
phdp thai khd nhieu Idp dugc phat then vdo
nhung ndm 1970 T7 le cdc nhd may su- dung
phuang phap trai khd nhieu Idp tang len va
dugc xem Id hudng uu tien d l i vdi cdc nhd may
xay dyng mdi trong dd cd mpt nhd mdy chuyen
doi tu phuong phdp trai khd nhieu Idp sang do
thai khd So nhd mdy dp dyng phuong phap trai
khd nhilu Idp tie 44% (nam 1985) tang len tdi
70% (ndm 2007)
Hien nay, phuang phap trai khd nhieu Idp
dugc thira nhdn Id phuong phdp cd tinh uu viet
ve kinh t l vd mdi trudng: Giam dien tich do thai;
tilm an thap nhat rd ri djch thim tir bdi thai ra
mdi trudng vd tpn thu dugc djch kiem de tudn
hodn Id Idn nhat
3 Nghien ciru mgt so bai thai bim dd dien
hinh
3.1 Bii thai biin dd nhi miy Aughlnish
(Ai-xa-len)[4,6.8 }
Nhd mdy alumin Aughinish ndm d mien
Tdy - Nam cua Ai-xo-len, cd san lugng alumin
khodng 1,5 tripu tIn/ndm vd lugng bim dd thai
ra khodng tren 1.05 tripu tan/nam Ndm 2015,
Wor1d-aluminlum.org chpn bai thdi bim dd
Aughinish la bai thdi bim dd c6 thiet k l va thye
hdnh tien tiln cua the gidi theo phuong phdp
thdi khd trai nhieu Idp (Dry stacking) Quy hopch
ciia bdi thai ndy t h i hipn trdn hinh 2
Cdc hpng myc chinh cua bdi thai g i m khu
chira bim, hp thing muang thu gom nudc ri
vd chay tran tir bai thdi, ho chira nudc mua va
nude ri ra tir bdi thdi C l u true cua bdi thdi ndy
the hipn tren hinh 3
Bdi thdi liic d i u cd dipn tich 71.5 ha, sau dd
tdng len 103.5 ha va cd tong sue chira 13.1 tnpu
m3 se dugc do d i y vdo ndm 2010 t h i tich dpt
dugc theo nhu thiet ke Ddy cua bat thai dugc
ching thim bdng Idp mdng chat deo Bun dugc
chua trong cdc dpp da Ipc cd chieu cao 2 m,
tinh tdi ndm 2010 khi k i t thiic bdi thai dugc xdy
dyng 7 cap ddp va cd tong chilu cao Idp bim la
26m so vdi myc nudc ngam Nudc thoat b l mdt
bdi thai tir bdi thai biin dd dugc thdm qua cdc
ddp Igc vd chdy vdo muang xung quanh bdi that
vd chdy vdo ho chua nudc mua va nudc thim
Nudc tir h i ndy dugc bom quay trd Ipi d l phye
vy nudc rua bim do cua nha mdy Hinh 4 the
hi$n bai thai Aughinish trong qud trinh d l thdi
3.2 Bai thai bun dd nhi miy alumin Binh Qua
- Quang Tay (Trung Quoc) [1,2]
Nha may alumin Binh Qua thuoc huyen Binh Qua, tinh Quang Tay, Trung Quoc, mdi nam nha may do thai khoang 1,7 trieu tan biin vdi do am 72%, la mgt trong cdc bdi thai bim do thyc hanh
do thai tot nhdt Trung Quoc Bai thai bim do ndy dugc bat ddu tiln hanh do thai tir nam 1995, dipn tich cua bai thai la 45 ha, dugc phan thanh
5 khu do thai (hinh 5), cac khu luan phien hoat dgng (cap biin, phai bim, d i p dap), bai thai bun dugc thiet k l do thai theo nhieu cap (hinh 6) Dap CO sd cd chilu cao S-^-IOm, dap boi tich mdi
(g O
Hmh 4 Bii thii bun do Aughinish
KHCNM M) 1/2017* M O I I K I (JS(, MO
Trang 4Hinh 5 Phan khu bai chira bun do Binh Qua
cap CO chieu cao 6 m va dugc dap bdng chinh
bim dd Tinh tdi nam 2008, phan khu so 1, 2, 3
da do tdi cap dap boi tich thu 2 (tong chieu cao
ldp bim Idn nhat Id 20m), phan khu so 4, 5 da
do tdi cap dap boi tich thir nhat Phdn khu 1, 2,
3 eua bai chira bim dd sir dung dat set de chong
tham toan bp day vd mat trong cua dpp co sd
Phan khu 4, 5 cua bdi chira bim dd sir dung bun
do khd vd mdng chong tham de lam tang chong
thim hon hgp Tren be mat tang chong tham
cd phu mpt tang thodt nudc dd dam phoi cap,
mdt phan dung djch kem theo bim dd s§ boc hoi
ty nhien, cdn mpt phan khac tham qua bdi thai
dugc thu vdo he thong thu nudc dudi day bai
chLPa roi dua vdo b l thu hoi nude Nudc tie ddy
duac bom tuan hoan trd lai phye vy san xult
CLia nha mdy Khi cd mua Idn, n l u nhu nudc
mua khdng kjp chay qua tang thodt nudc dudi
ddy se chdy vao ong thep thoat nude trung tdm
(ong ndy ndng chieu cao theo chieu cao tang
dan cua bai thai), phan ddy ong thep noi tryc
tilp vdi cCra thodt nudc cua ong thep bpc sgi
de dan ve be thu hoi nudc va nhanh chdng xa
ra khu b l chira, dam bao ben trong bai chira
khdng tich mpt lugng nudc Idn, dam bao an
todn cho bdi chira Theo thiet ke, quy hoaeh sir
dyng d i n dpp con cap 8 den d p 9 thi se ddng
bdi chira, tong dung tich chua bim dd dy kiln
Id 12.000.000m3
Ben cpnh dd, sau han 40 nam hinh thdnh vd
phat trien cdng nghipp nhdm ndm 2014 Trung
Quoc da ban hdnh Tieu ehuin GB 50986-2014
Tidu chuan thilt k l bdi thai bun dd khd, cd hipu
lyc thi hanh bdt d i u tir ndm 2015 (va hi^n la
nudc duy nhit cd Tieu chuan chuyen nganh cho
bai thai bim dd) [7] Trong dd, cd d l epp d i n vipc
cd t h i thiet ke bai thai bim dd theo nhieu d p
Hinh 6 Mgt cit bai chira bun dd Binh Qui
dap, dpp CO sd cd chieu cao khdng nhd hon
5m, dpp bdi tich mdi d p cd chieu cao tir 4-^Qm
Viec thilt ke va do thai tai Tnjng Quic hi^n nay rat chil trpng d i n van de vira dam bao an todn nhung cd hipu qua ve kinh t l Qua nghidn ciru, Tieu chuan GB 50986-2014 va bai thai Binh Qud
CO nhieu diem giong vd tuong ding Phuong phdp do thai cua bai thai bim do Binh Qua vd cac net chinh cua Tieu chuin GB 50986-2014 duac xem nhu phuang phuong phap do thdi khd trai nhieu Idp theo kilu Trung Quoc
3.3 Bai thai bun dd nhi miy alumin Tan Rai (Vi$t Nam)
Nhd mdy alumin Tan Rai thu0c thj tran LOc Thang, huypn Bdo Ldm, tinh Lam Dong, nhd may hopt dpng vdi cdng suit 650.000 t i n
alumin/nam Theo tinh todn, 6e san xult 1 t i n
alumin tie nguon bdxit Tan Rai se thdi ra khodng 1,05 t i n biin do khd vd khoang 1,20 t i n dung djeh kem theo bun do Nhu vpy, moi ndm nhd may thdi ra khoang 660.000 tan biin dd khd vd khoang 760.000 tan dung dich di kdm Theo thilt
ke, ham lugng chat thdi rdn cua biin dd tpi nhd may khoang 682g/l Tuy nhien, thyc te hipn nay chl dat dugc 530g/l Tinh d i n culi ndm 2015, lugng biin dd thdi ra vdo khodng 989.537m^ Lugng bim dd thai ra tinh trdn mpt don vj sdn
pham Mp^ la 1,017 tan bun dd/l t i n alumin
Bim dd thdi ra ngoai dugc dua ve h i chira
de luu giu toan bp biin dd cua Nha mdy trong khodng 35 ndm H$ thing hd chua dugc thiet k l vdi hai h i chinh: H i biin s6 1 dung tich khodng 8,3 ln0u m^, su dgng cho 15 ndm d i u ; ho biin s i
2 dung tich khoang 11,4 tri^u m^ su dgng cho
20 ndm cuoi cua Nhd mdy) Giai dopn d i u , h i biin s i 1 dugc chia thdnh 8 Id, m l i 16 di§n tich khodng 16ha, dugc ngdn bdi ddp xdy b i n g d i t
Trang 5^
Hmh 7 BSi thii biin 66 nhi may Alumin - Tan Rai
sdt Mdi d i e phia trong cua cdc dap, ddy ho vd
mdt doe phia trong eua thdnh h i dugc chdng
thim d l ngan sy rd ri dung djch bun do ra mdi
trudng xung quanh
Nguyen tdc thdi bun do: Id so 1 vd so 2 cua
h i biin so 1 dugc su dyng dong thdi: Id 1 chu
ylu chira bun do, Id so 2 c6 nhi^m vy chtnh Id
dieu chinh luu lugng nudc cho Id so 1 vd giu
an todn cho Id s i 1 Khi Id s i 1 d i y thi dua biin
sang 16 s6 2 vd dua 6 so 3 vdo si> dyng vdi
trinh ty tuong ty nhu tren Hipn nay 16 so 1
dd do day vd dang d l thai vao Id s i 2 [3] Theo
thiet ke, vi§c d l thai vao cac Id chi tiln hanh vdi
m|t d p do thai vdi chilu cao Idp bim khoang
8+1 Om Thdng qua thilt ke vd vpn hdnh ciia bdi
thai bim dd Nha mdy alumin Tan Rai cho thiy
tuong dong vdi phuang phdp do thai vao bim
do vdo vimg trijng Lagooing
3 Mpt so nhpn xet, trao doi
Thdng qua nghien ciru cac phuong phdp d l
thai bun dd trdn t h i gtdi Ijch su phdt trien vd
cdc nghien ciru cg t h i , cd mOt s i y kiln trao doi
nhu sau:
- Vi0c dp dyng phuang phdp do thai cho cdc
nhd mdy alumin d n dugc xem xet tren nhteu
phuang dipn ve dilu kipn khi hau dja hinh yeu
d u v l bdo v§ moi trudng cua tirng khu vyc
Tuy nhidn, phuang phdp thai khd trdi nhieu Idp
dugc xem Id hudng uu tien d l i vdi cdc nha may
xay dyng mdi, nd Id phuang phap phdt huy
dugc ting hgp cdc mdt: an todn, kinh t l vd mdi
trudng Oi kdm vdi vipc phai thyc hipn cd dac
biin tn/dc khi thdi trdi biin dd nhieu Idp thi xu
hudng ndng chilu cao t l i da Idp biin do thai mdi
cd tinh kinh t l Thyc tiln da cho thiy 2m mdi
d p va da xay dyng 7 d p d bdi thai Aughinish (Ai-xo-len), 4-5^m moi d p va dd xdy dyng 3 d p dap d kieu bai thdi Binh Qud (Trung Quoc) Vdt lieu ddp dap thir d p cd sy khdc bipt nhu doi vdi bdi thai kieu Aughinish (Ai-xo-len) Id dpp dat dd c6 the Igc nudc thim, cdn doi vdi kilu bai thai Binh Qua (Tnjng Quoc) Id dap chinh bdng bim thai khd Oilu nay cung se phan nao anh hudng tdi chi phi xdy dyng bai thai
- Da phan cdc t>ai thai deu cd Idp chong tham, tuy nhien, moi quic gia cd nhirng yeu d u khdc nhau De ndng cao khd ndng chong thim,
cd t h i dimg k i t hgp Idp ehlng tham bdng dat set vdt cdc loai mdng nhya chong tham, vdi dia
ky thudt
- Vi§e ldm khd biin thdi, thodt nudc mua chay trdn vd ri tham cd cdc dang chinh: (1) Ket hgp
ty boc hai vd thu nudc trdn trung tdm vd ddy: (2) K i t hgp ty boc hai vd thu nudc trdn be mdt bdng cdc dap Igc xung quanh bdi thdi vd ddy bdi thdi Ngodi tdc dyng Id thu h i i nudc de tuin hodn cho nha mdy, vipc cd them Idp thu nudc dudi ddy cdc bdi thdi biin dd la hit sue d n thilt
d l tang tinh I n djnh cho bdi thdi
- Khi do thai theo phuang phdp khd trdi nhilu Idp cd t h i cd t h i ndng cao hipu suit sir dyng dit, tang it nhit Id tir 30-*-40% so vdi phuang phdp that vao vimg trung (thdt udt), ding thdi gidm thip dugc mi ro rd tham va vd ddp Ket lupn
Vipc cd nhieu thdng tin, kiln thuc v l bim dd
vd cdc kmh nghipm diic riit ttr cdc nudc tren t h i gidi ve bim dd ndi chung, thdi vd luu gii> biin dd ndi rieng Id rat quan trpng Thdng qua dd, cac th6ng tin, kiln thirc, kinh nghipm quy bdu ciia
t h i gidi d n dugc tuydn truyin, tilp tyc nghidn ciru irng dyng, cdi tiln phti hgp vdi dieu ki^n cua Vipt Nam, de ttr dd, nhdn thirc v l bim dd cua d n g dong, nhd qudn ly nhd ky thudt co
nhirng thay d l i can ban Thiet k l vd vdn hdnh i
bdi thdi bim dd tir nha may alumin qud an todn ' thi khdng kinh te nhung nlu chii trpng qud v l kinh te thi v i n d l an todn cd the bj de dpa, do
dd khdng ngimg nghidn ciru, tim kilm cdc gidi phap tiep can hdi hda cac yeu t l an todn - kmh te-mdi trudng phdi ludn dugc quan tdm chii trpng ttr dd gdp phan tdng tinh cpnh tranh, hi$u
qua cho cac nhd mdy Alumtn ciia Vi^t Nam I
©C^ KHf N\1 SO I 2017 * MOI TRLONG MO
Trang 6^
Til lieu tham khao:
1 Diln Dugc (2006), Phin tich tinh dn djnh
cua do doc bai thai bun dd Bayer dd thai bing
phutmg phip khd tif nhi miy alumin Tap chi
Dai hpc cdng nghiep Quy Chau
2 Au Ly Doat, Phan Khdc T h i , Nhieu Binh
Binh (2009), Phan tich tinh dn djnh eua bai thai
bun do Bayer bang phutrng phap kho theo phin
mim GEO-SLOPE Tap chl khoang san kim
loai
3 Tran Mmh Huan, George Banvolgyi (2014),
Luu giu; xt> ly vi tai su dung biin dd Nha xuat
ban Cdng Thuang
4 Ronan Courtney (2002), Development of
a rehabilitation system for the red mud waste
generated at the Aughinish Alumina Bayer plant
Institute of Technology Sligo
5 Greg Power, Maritus Grafe, Craig
Klauber (2009), Rev/ew of Current Bauxite Residue Management, Disposal and Storage: Practices, Engineering and Science Australian
Government
6 Residue Solutions Pty Ltd (2007), Residue Management Sustainabllity Rewew Aughinish Alumina Limited
7 GB 50986 (2014) Tieu chuan thiit ki bai thai bun do bing phuang phap khd Tieu chuan
chuan nudc cpng hda nhan dan Trung
8 www.worid-aluminium.org (2015), Bauxite Residue Management: Best Practice
Some research results about the red mud dumping
and storage on the world
Dr Bui Thanh Hoang Dr Ngu> en Quoc Thinh
In.stitule of Mining Science and Technology - llnacomin
Summar\:
The paper represents the red mud dumping and storage methods on the world as well as the reseaivh results on the red mud dumpsiles in A ughimsh (Ireland) Bmh Qua (China) and Tan Rai {Vietnam) and then prnvides some ideas relative to ihis problem