Nguyen Quang Vinh* 'Trung tam Dubao Khi tuang ThOy van Trung Uang, 86 Tai nguyin vaMdi trudng 'Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd N6i ^Vien Nghien cUu Qudn ly Bien v
Trang 1I MO PHONG MOT SO Q U A TRINH PHONG HOA DAU
TRONG M O I TRUONG BIEN
ThS Nguyin Quoc Trinh\ TS Nguyin Minh Hu^n=
TS Phiing Dang Hieu^ ThS Nguyen Quang Vinh*
'Trung tam Dubao Khi tuang ThOy van Trung Uang, 86 Tai nguyin vaMdi trudng
'Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd N6i
^Vien Nghien cUu Qudn ly Bien va Hai dao, Bd Tdi nguyin vd M6i trudng 'Oai Khi tuang Cao khong, Bp Tdi nguyin vd Moi trudng Email: maitrinhvmh@gmail com
Tdmtit
Bd; bdo gitfi thieu vimd phdng mot sd qud trinh phong hda ddu theo phaang phdp thi tich htfu hgn vd mo hinh phong hoa ddu dexem xet cdc qud trinh phong hda thay ddi laang ddu (nha boc hai, phdn tdn, nhu taang hda vd hda tan) Dtfa trin cdng trinh nghiin ctfu thdng qua cdc cdng thtfc daac dp dung phd biin nhieu nhdt trin thi gidi, so sdnh kit qud va sd lieu phdn tich, nhdm tdc gid dd xdy dtfng cdc phaang trinh thich hap, stf dung thieu hut ddu nha phdn tdn Idng dgng ddu trong na&c, dimd phdng cdc qud trinh phong hda ddu, tinh todn qud trinh lan truyen cahgc, qud trinh bayhtri, xdc dinh tyle nhu taang hda cua ddu trdn phu thugc vda tinh chdt ddu vd tdc ddng cua mdi traimg Ttf khda: Trdn ddu, cdc qud trinh phong hoa, md hinh todn hoc
Su CO tran dau gay tac ddng nghiem trpng den moi
trudng, cac he sinh thai va kinh te - xa hoi khu vUc ven
biln Khi dau tho hole s i n pham tinh che tii dau md tran
tr^n bien se bat dau dien ra mot loat eae qua trinh chuyen
ddi phijfe tap cd thay doi theo thdi gian va khdng gian
Cac ket q u i hoat ddng cua eae qua trinh phu thudc vao
elc tinh chat, thanh phan cija dau, eae thong so tran ra va
d i l u kien moi trudng t u nhien (khong khi va niidc] xung
quanh
Cac qua trinh t i i nhien gom vat ly, hda hpc, sinh hoc
v l moi trudng bien (Hinh 1) Cic q u i trinh phong hoa dau
la mpt tap hop cOa elc q u i trinh vat ly v l hda hoc thay doi
elc thupc tinh eCia dau tran gay 6 n h i i m
Hien nay ed rat nhilu loai mo hinh dupe xay dung de
md phdng tif elc md hinh quy dao don g i i n tdi eae mo
hinh ba chieu tinh toan chi tiet qua trinh lan truyen va bien doi eCia dau sau khi x l y ra su cd, Cae k i t q u i nghiin ciJu thudng phu thuoc vac mpt hay nhilu yeu td eua cac
q u i trinh vat ly, hda hpc, sinh hoc va phu thudc vac cac dieu kien mdi trudng, khi tupng va h l i van Cac q u i trinh nay eo the gom: qua trinh loang dau ea hpc ngay sau khi
d i u t h o i t ra khoi ngudn; qua trinh phan tan tU nhiin; q u i trinh nho tuong hda, boc hoi hda tan, oxy hda, phan hCiy smh hpe, phan huy do I n h sang mat trdi
Tren co sd ket qua nghien cdu tren the gidi, nhom
t i e g i i d l xay dung cac eong thiJe tinh toan qua trinh lan truyen eo hpc, qua trinh bay hdi, xlc djnh t^ le nhu tUOng hoa cua dau tran phy thupc vao tinh chat dau v l t i e ddng cua mdi trUdng
2 Mot so qua trinh phong hoa dau
2.1 Qud trinh lan truyen ddu cahgc
Qua trinh lan truyen dau ed hpc la mdt trong eac qua trinh quan trpng trong di chuyen ban dau cCia dau loang, Cac luetic dpng trong qua trinh lan truyen dau ca hpe nhu ddng chiy be mat, gid va chuyen dong roi do sdng vd [1,2,3] Cdng thu'c eua Blokker [4]; Xlc djnh ban kinh va do day dau loang phu thuoe vao trang thai moi trudng va dac
d i l m tinh chat d i u vdi tham so Blokker ban thue nghiem
v l tien tnen theo thdi gian
dRm
Hinh 1 Cdc qud trinh phdn buy dau tu nhien trin bi6i dl - = kb(p^-p)(p'P^)h
Trang 2limin=[{i''^]h{P.-p)(P P.Y''T *^^'
h = \{V/7ry '\p^!(^p(p^ p)hf ]' (lb)
Cdng thde ciia Fay [5] xlc djnh ban kinh va dien tieh
dau loang phu thupc vao trang t h i i moi trudng va dac
diem tinh chat dau Gil thuyet q u i trinh hoat dpng phan
thanh 3 pha, bao gom quan tinh - trpng lUe (Pha 1), trong
lue - nhcft (Pha 11) v l nhdt - Lfng suat b l m i t (Pha 111) tien
t r i l n theo thdi gian
Pha I: R„,„, = llAlApgVl
, ~y
2,6j( vdi t < 12 gio
A^2,l7r\lAp^j^l^ - v d i l 2 g i d < t < l tuan
: «,„„3=2,30|
Ap = ]—^
P
& ) " •
vdi 1 tuan < t (2e)
Cdng thifc ciia Mackay [6] xlc djnh dien tieh loang
dau phu thuoe vao dac diem tinh ehat dau theo thdi gian
h+lO-'
Cong thilz cua Lehr [7] xae dinh ban kinh va dien tich
lan truyen dau phu thugc vao dac diem tinh c h i t dau va
trang thai moi tradng va tac dpng co hpc
't =lt{p.'P-^y)'\' 6 0 ) " ; (4j
fi™« =^™„ +0,03[/'''l'- ''{i 66f';A = {Kl4)R^„R^
Cong thifc ciia Yapa [8] xae djnh b i n kinh va dien tich
loang dau phu thupc vac trang thai mdi trudng v l dac
diem tinh chat dau Gil thuylt qua trinh hoat dpng phan
thanh 4 pha, bao gom quan tinh - trpng lUc (Pha 1), trong
lue - nhcft (Pha ll), nhdt - u'ng suat be mat {Pha III) va can
bing (Pha IV) t i l n trien theo thdi gian
Pha I: ^ „ , +i k'-' vdi t < 12 gid (5a)
Pha II:« , 0.98 1 - i l y,"
p.)
Vv-v d i 1 2 g i d < t < 1 tuan(5b}
Pha II = 1,61 vdi 1 tuan < t < 1 thang (5c)
Pha IV: «_„,=10'(p'"fe)r' vdi 1 tuan < t < 1 thang (5d)
Cong thdc cCia Mackay [6] va Reed [9] xae dmh dien tich loangdauphuthuoc vao dac diem tinh chat dau theo thdi gian
dA
dt = K^vV"'; A =!tRl^ : V =rrhRi,i h = VIA Cong thij'c ciia Al-Rabeh [10]: Vet dau cd the dUdc xae
dinh la mpt hinh ellipse trong mpt he quy chieu Descartes vdi he true tpa dd la XI v a Y l ma tpa dp tam Ia{x1,yl)= (0,0) va trijc XI la trung hudng gio Hinh ellipse vet dau theo thdi gian g i i djnh la ddng tam
r _ r., + Ar., >•„ r_„ + A r „ r^ ^ r_ ^^j
M, A j Uo; 4x60 A«™ = A/^™„ ¥0,03Ut'V- 3At
(7b)
l,60j 4x60 OUa he tpa do Descartes quy udc theo hudng gio ve
he quy ehieu thuc Descartes he thong toan cau dUdcbien doi nhu sau:
x = xlxco&^-ylxsin^;y-xlxsin^ + ylxcosp (8}
Cdng thifc eiia Warluzel va Benque [11], Tkalich [12]:
Mo hinh dpng tUc dau tran eo t h i dii kha nang de ehinh xlc theo elc phuang trinh Navier - Stokes
dh duh dvh d
Cong thiJc cua Nihcut [13] va Arkhipov [14] xae djnh
dp day va ban kinh loang dau phu thupe vao die diem tinh chat dau va trang t h i i moi trudng
- g / y : / = 0,95-I,15 Cong thu'c ciia Johansen [15] va Tomassini [16] xae djnh ban kinh va dien tich loang dau phu thupc vao dac
d i l m tinh chat d i u va trang t h i l moi trUdng
.WsiP^z^m"
= Ar'';A = 0J54!^
P.-^^
(11)
Cong thifc eiia Fay [5] va Fengqi You [18] xae djnh dien tieh loang dau ban d i u va dien tich lan truyen dau phu thuoc vao dac diem tinh ehat dau va trang thai moi trudng va t i e dpng co hpc
52 DAU KHl-so 4/2015
Trang 3^''(>-jL]s}ir,,^^,,c: p j
ciyip.,- p)gv
(12)
^ = 2 2 7 0 ^ - 1 F " ' ( ; / 6 0 ) " ' + 4 0 U ^ - l | y^'Ul\tim)
Cdng thdc cua Al-Rabeh [10] va Chao [19], Berry [20]: Xae
djnh ban kinh va dien tich lan truyen dau phu thupe vao dac
d i l m tinh chat dau va trang thai mdi trudng va tae dpng eo
hoe
"^ =1,7 1 - "•"UJ
\Â{7LI4)R^^^Â^
Cong thijfe ciia Chao [19] va Ehsan Sarhadi Zadeh [21 ] ỴiiC
dinh ban kinh va dien tieh lan truyen dau phu thupe vao dac
diem tinh chat dau va trang thai mdi trUdng va tae dong co
hpẹ
(ij-= R,„ +0,95F C/„
J = 2270 -i-i! l r ((/60)
•' u„ (tim)
Td cac cdng trinh nghien ciJu tren, nhdm tac gia dUa ra
he thong cdng thde lien quan den qua trinh lan truyen cd
hpe cua d i u tran phu thupc vao tfnh chat dau va tac dpng
eua mol trudng [22]
1 - ^
A
p\gK ;ff = , P t : * = — ;
(15a)
C'2\(.p,-P)gv,
A = 2n.5pr"\tl60y" +2lJ5!i—U^"{ll60) d^b)
V
V P J VWJ A
&R = M, + 0,95;*"'K="f—1 ' " ^ ^
^ " l60j 4x60
DUa he tpa đ Descartes quy udc theo hudng gip ve he
quy chieu thuc Descartes he thdng tpan elu đdc bien doi
nhu sau:
= 1 4 5 i l - ^ T V " f ~ ^ r ^ ^ - (i5e)
^ t pJ UoJ 4x60' ^ '
,x = xl X cos^ - j;l X sin^ ; ji; ^ J:I X sinp + _vlX cos^ (15d)
' =x'^ +y- (15e) 2?iR' R^
Trong do:
f^mm ^^ f^max- ^ ^ " ^^'^^ ^^^ 'ôHg thgo Wnh ellipse
nhdva Idn (m);
R^^^; Ban kinh dau loang trong cac pha i (m);
Ấ Dien tich dau loang ban dau (m^);
A: Dien tich dau loang (m^);
h:Opday Idpdau (m);
p va p^: Mat dp eua dau va nUdc (kg/m^);
V va v^: He so nhdt dpng hpc cua dau va nUde
(-7,6 X 10-3 ^2^-^ jju-^i ^QoQ (^2/5 ^^Qgj j.5tj 1^^ 55
Blokker (4,5);
K,: He so thUc nghiem (~ 17,5/s) (s');
C, va C^: He so tuong Lfng 1,14va 1,45;
V:The tich dau tran (barrels) (1 barrels = 0,1589m^}; t:Thdi gian (s);
a: Sufc cang mat ngoai (N/m);
g: Gia toe trpng trUdng (m/s^);
U^: Van toe gid d do cao 10m (knots, 1 knots -1852/3600m/s);
u va v:Van tdc loang dau (m/s);
D^ : He so khuech tan dau (m/s);
Q: Dau phan tan do qua trinh phong hda;
q: LUu lupng dau (mVs);
il va \ij Dd nhdt dpng lUc dau va nUde (Ns/m^ hoac
cP);
r: Khoang each tiftam den vi tri x v a y ( m ) ; t:Thdi gian (s)
2.2 Qud trinh bay hai
Qua trinh bay hoi cd anh hudng ldn nhat d i n luong dau con lai tren mat nUde hoac dat sau khi su co tran dau xay rạ Trong vai ngay, loai nhien lieu nhe nhu xang bay hai hoan toan d nhiet dp mdi trUdng xung quanh, trong khi ehi eo mpt ty le nhd cua dau nang han (Bunker C) bay haị Toe dp bay hoi cua dau phy thuoe ehii yeu vao thanh phan eua daụ Su bay hoi cua mgt so loai dau dien hinh dao dpng tiT 20 - 50% va tham ehi tren 90%
Trang 4
' ^
^V'ilVl'
, T , "P "T-.-r
Hinh 2 Bon kinh loang ddu theo thdi gian (a), Oiu ky loang ddu phu thudc vdo the tich
ddu trdn (b} 1231
\ ^^^^p^^^—
-\
i ^i c Jc^^ +
-1 l \ \
1
r
j ^ r ^ ^
CtLQ
, ^
&-y^
/ * 1 >
—-^^ 1
1
J \/
-^1 1
Hlm^
Hinh 3 Bdn kinh loang ddu dudi tdc ddng cua dong lUc [1 Oj)
vdi xang hay d i u nhe [9, 24,25] Cic t h i n h p h i n dau nhe
trong hon hpp dau la th^nh phan de bay hai nhat, ed the
bay hoi d i n 75% t h i tieh trong vdng vai ngay, ddi vdi dau
trung binh ed the bay hoi den 40% t h i tich Vdi dau nang
thi bay hoi chi khoang 10% trong vdng vai ngay dau Vdi
cic loai d i u thanh pham nhe nhu xang, dau hoa thi dau
ed the bay hai hoan tcan
Cdng thifc ciia Mackay [26] v l Stiver [27] phu thupe
vao dae diem tinh chat dau va trang thai mdi trudng va tae
dpng cd hoc sCf dung ham eiia dp API eCia dau [2]
(16)
f=10,3^InLU,3^-^-^|exp[6,3-10,3^]
r=457,16-3,13447.4P/; T^ =1356,7-241,36 hi(API)
Cdng thitc cua Mackay [6] va Yapa [8] phu thudc vac
dac d i l m tinh chat d i u va trang thai mdi trUdng va tac
dong CO hoc
AM„
F, = -\luP+[r)\CKU'
C\ ^ " "
RT^VpxlO'-\nP = \0.6(\~T/T): C = l\5^,9API-"''';V = ^ ^ (17)
"• l o V
T = 542,6 - 30.275^P/ + 1,565^/= - 0,03439^P/'
+ 0,0002604,4/7*
Cong thife eua Reed [9] phu thupc vao dae d i l m tinh chat dau, khoi lupng phan tCfva trang thai mdi trudng vS tae dpng ca hpc
,PAM^
RT
UOJ
M^=i&V„p
Cong thufc Riazi [28] phu thupe vac dae diem tfnh chit
dau va t i e dpng ca hpc
F = KJJ'' -^/iinP-io.eci-r/?;);
F ^ - l - e x p -^/ (19) Cong thijfc eua ASCE [19] p h u thudc vao d i e diem tinh chat dau va t i c ddng c d hpc, trong k h o i n g thdi gian
" / ) " " 5 r '
(20)
RT/,P,
Cong thufc eua Marquardt [29] va Bergueiro [30] phu thupc thdi gian duoc danh g i i qua tde do gid va bifc xa (true t i l p va g i l n tilp)
r, =aln(l + if/60) (21) Cong thu'c ciia Mackay [26] va Lehr [7], Berry [20] phu
thupc vao dac diem t i n h chat dau va t i c ddng co hoc, trong khoing thdi gian
R-Z Rf
In — = i S
U.J
RT [T-C^ T.-C^j
C = 115%,9APr'""-, Cj = 0,19(r-18,0);
A,S = 8,75 +1,987 log(r)
T = 542,6 - 30,275,4P/ + 1,565API' -0,03'l39APr +0,00Ca6MAPl'
(22a|
Cdng thdc cua Stiver [27], Ehsan Sarhadi Zadeh [21]
va Aghajanloo [31] p h u thupc vao dac diem tinh chat dau, phan loai d i u va trang thai mol t r d d n g va tae dpng cd hgc
si!f d u n g d d lieu t h i nghiem d e xae dinh cae thpng sd dn
thiet n h u d m d hinh OILMAP, n h u n g m o hinh ADIOS bang ham cua dp API cua dau [1,2]
.,=,.|„«iilpeJ,,-«,l
_ , r = 532,98-3.1295/(/'/
Dau tho:
r , =985,62-13,597,4W
, T = 645A5-4,65SSAPI
™ < ' ^ " ' ' ' " ' * ^ ^ r , =388,19-3,8725^;
4 =-0,572-(0,0162;) + (0,045r);
S, =7,288-(0,0087;) + (0,024r)
(23)
(23a)
(23b)
Trang 5Cdng thdc cua FIngas [32]:TCrsd lieu do dac tdthucte,
thi nghidm 6a dua ra cdng thdc xae dinh luong dau bay
hoi ehi phu thupc nhiet do theo thdi gian
;^=[0,016S(%D)+0,0045(7,-288)]ln((/60)
hole F, = [0,0254(%c)+ 0,0010(7; - 2 8 8 ) V ^
Td k^t qua cac cdng trinh nghien cdu tren, nhdm tac
g l l da dua ra he thong cdng thde ll^n quan den qua trinh
bay hdi eua dau tran phu thupe vap tinh chat d i u va tac
ddng cua mdi trddng [22]
, , „ T KJuH'At
'H^ + S J - ^ sxpl (25)
(25a)
r = 542,6 -30,275.4P/ + l,565.4F/'0,03439/4/'/^
+ 0,0002604.4P/'
T; =1356,7-247,361n(^P/)
Diu tho: T; = 985,62 -13,597AP! va dau tinh che:
r =388,19-3,8725^/'/ (25b)
SG =
4=-0,572-(0,0167;) + (0,045r);
B^= 7,288 -(O.OOSr^) + (0,024r)
141,5 , „ , 141,5
(25e)
•.API =
SG 131,5;F = lOV '
^ P / + 131,5
Trong do:
F^:T:;'iedaubayhai(%);
a v i b:Tham so phu thudc (Bing 1);
C:Tham sd phu thupc ehi so API;
%D:Ty le (%) trpng lUpng bay hdi d ISO^C;
Se:S6 Schmidt (Se = 2,7);
P^: Ap suat khi quyln (Pa);
P: Ap suat hai dau (atm hole Pa);
TvIT^: Nhiet dp dau va mdi trudng (K);
T • Gradient nhiet dp eiia dau va toe dd boc hoi;
p: Mat dp dau (kg/m^);
API: Sd dau phu thupe mat do (mVkg);
K^: He sd Snh hudng cua gid (0,00252);
U^:Toe dp gid (knots, 1 knots = 1.852/3.600m/s);
A: Dien tieh vet dau (m^);
V^: T h i tieh phan tif (1,5 x 10^ - 6,0 x 10" mVmol); Mm: Khdi luang p h i n tif (kg/mol);
M:Trpng luang dau trung binh (2,52 x 10' kg/mol);
R: Hang so khi (8,206 x 10"' atm mV(mol K)); V^:Thetieh dau tran ban dau (m^);
V: The tieh dau tran (m^);
h: Dp day Idp dau (m);
R^^: Chieu dai vet dau theo gid (m);
A^ va B^: Tham so phu thuoe nhiet dd dau va gradient nhiet dp dau;
V^: T h i tich dau mat di eiia thanh phan i do bay hai (in');
Zi:Ty le dau thanh phan tren tong dau Zi = Ei / lEi (%); P: Ap suat hoi eua thanh phan i (Pa);
Mi:Trpng lUOng thanh phan i ((0,1,10,0)x lO^kg/mol), p^: Mat dp dau thanh phan I (kg/m^);
At: Budc thdi gian (s);
t:Thdi gian (s)
2.3 Qud trinh nhu taang hda
Nhu tuong hda la q u i trinh phan t i n nude vao d i u tran dudi dang cie hat nUde nhd xen ke C o c h l hinh thanh nhu tuong ed t h i bat dau qua trinh cic hat nude x i m nhap xen ke vao dau vdi kich thudc khoang 10 - 25pm (hoac 0,010 - 0,025mm) Neu dau eo dp nhdt nhd thi, nhijfng hat nudc se x i m nhap nhanh va nhieu Mat khae n l u dau cd
do nhdt ldn thi hat nUdc se kho xam nhap vac dau
Cong thu'c ciia Rasmussen [33] ty le nhu tuang dau tuong quan gio theo thdi gian
l-sxp[-K^Ks{l + U.Jt]
(26)
Cdng thde eua Shen va Yapa (1988) [34], Chao [19], Ehsan Sarhadi Zadeh [21]: Ty le lUpng nude trong dau tuang quan gid va loai dau theo thdi gian
Bing 1 Tham sdo vdbphu thudc theo Morquordl[29]
TT
1
2
Khodng nhiet ff6 C^}
16,8-25,8
16,8-25,8
Van toe gi6 (m/s)
i
5,7
1 6,8
BuTcxa
a 5.564 6,282
fUc tiep
b 0,176
0,288
Bufcxagianti^p
a b 4,156 0,177
4,402 0,229
Trang 6f, = C , 1-eNp (27)
Cdng thdc cila Mackay [6], Reed [9] va Aghajanloo
[31] xem xet quan he gida toe dp gid va lUdng nude ehda
trong dau
f^.jH«.)f| (28)
Tir eae cdng trinh nghien eifu tren, nhdm t i c gia dUa ra
eong thu'c xae dmh t^ le nhu tUOng hoa ciia dau t r l n ma phu
thudc vao tinh chat dau va tac dpng eua mdi trUdng [22]
/^, = / : „ , x ( l + U „ ) - x I (29)
Trong do:
r v l F : Phan dau nhu tuong trcng nUde ban dau va
hien tai (%);
K^^: He sd khdp dudng eong thuc nghiem (1 x 1 0 * ^ 2
X 10^ doi vdi dau nhe va 4,5 x 10"*d6i vdi d i u nang);
U^:T6cddgi6(m/s);
C,: Phan nude chifa cue dai trong nhu tuang (0,7 vdi
dau nhe va 1,15 vdi dau nang);
K^ = 4,5 X 10* va Kg = 1,25 la eac h i n g sd;
Cj:Tham so phu thude loai dau (0,7 vdi dau nang va
0,25 vdi d i u nhe);
C3:Hesd(-2,0^10*);
t:Thdi gian (s)
3 Md ph6ng va danh gia ket qua
De md phong elc q u i trinh, nhdm tac g i i gia dinh
cic thong tin cd b i n v l dau va mdi trUdng xung quanh
la CO sd eho viec md phong cae qua trinh phong h o l dau
(Bing 2)
Tir Hinh 4 d i n Hinh 8 la k i t q u i tinh t o i n dua tren
cdng thifc ciia nhdm tac gia, cd so sanh vdi cic cong thu'c
da duoc cdng bo trong eae cdng trinh nghien cilu khic
2.1 Qud trinh lan truyen cahgc
Hinh 4,5 va 6 la ket qua tinh toan b i n kinh loang dau
dua tren cong thifc eua nhdm t i e gia, cd so sanh vdi eae
edng thifc da dupc cdng bo trong cac cdng trinh nghien
CLfu khac
Kit qua tinh toan ciia nhdm tac gia da thda man va
phij hop vdi xu t h i bien doi eiia elc eong thiJe khic Ngoai
i 5 6 DAH KHt-so 4/2015
Bdng 2 Bde diem ddu ihd duoc sil dung tmng mo phong cac gua Wnh phong hoa
TT
1
3
5
6
8
10
Y e u t o Mat do { k g / m ' )
O 6 n h a t d a u o 4 0 T ( c P ) Nhiet do d i e m soi (°K) Nhiet d p k h o n g khf (°K) Nhiet d o nudc [°K) Mat d d nudc (kg/m^)
0 6 n h o t nudc d 2 0 X ( c P )
Site cang be m a t dau (N/m^)
Toe d d di chuyen (m/s) Toe do gio (m.'s)
Gia tri 1
980 " J
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300 1022,5 0,0091
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in tich loang dau im2l dm tac ddng ciio dgng kc bien do: iheo thai gm
Trang 7Njnft 8 Bien ddi tyle nhu taang hda (fw) theo thi^gian
ra, ket qua eOa phuong trinh tinh t o i n bao gdm ca qua trinh bien
doi t u nhien va q u i trinh b i l n doi dUdi t i e ddng eua dpng iue
bien doi theo thdi gian Dudi tac dong cua ddng lUc thi qua trinh
nay bien doi rat nhanh va kha nang lan truyen phu thupc nhilu
vao cac y l u to moi trUdng nhU: gio, dong chiy be mat
3.2 Qud trinh bay hai
0 giai doan n^y, dau thd ed dae diem nhu trong Bang 2, toe
dd gio la 5m/s, nhi&t do nudc 2 5 ^ va nhiet dp khong khi 27''C
Hinh 7 trinh bay ty le b6c hoi theo tinh toan cua eac cong thdc ma
nhom t i c g i i da gidi thieu 6 phan tren Kit qua mo phong theo
cic phuong trinh tUOng doi phii hpp Neu co dO lieu ehi tiet v l eac
thinh phan chung cit dau cd san, co the bo sung them sd lieu dau
vao khi mo phdng
3.3 Qud trinh nhu taang hda
Hinh 8 trinh bay ty' le nhu tuong b i l n doi theo thdi gian tinh
t o i n ciia elc eong thifc m^ nhdm t i c g i i dUa tren cac phuang
trinh gidi thieu 6 phan tren K i t q u i mo phong cic phuang trinh
dat dL/pe tuang doi phii hop Neu da lieu dau vao d i y dii ehi t i l t
v l eac thanh phan dau ehung cat, mo phdng ed t h i dupc ap
dung nhieu thanh phan l i m dau vao hon ntjfa
4 Ket luan
Mo hinh phong hda du doan hoat dpng eua
v i t dau loang tren b i l n , 11 eP sd de tinh toan toe
do truyen t i i khoi luong do q u i trinh phong hda quan trpng nhat: bde hOi va nhu tuong hda Ngoai
ra, ed t h i sir dung mo hinh phong hda d l tinh toan suthay doi cua tinh chat dau trong elc qua trinh nay Do thieu dCf lieu dau vao, nen nhdm tae
g i i thuc hien phep so sinh ky thuat giufa k i t qua tinh tcan theo cae phuong trinh eiia elc n h i khca hoc da cdng bo trude dd v l phuang trinh b i n thuc
nghiem ciia nhdm tae g i i die d i n h gia xae nhan mo
hinh toan hpc
Ty le that t h o i t khoi lupng dau phu thupe rat nhilu vac loai dau (tinh chat hda hpe va tinh chat vat ly), d i l u kien thdi t i l t (toe do va hudng gid, song, nhiet do) va cac thupc tinh ciia nude bien (dp mudi, nhiet dp) Tren thUe t l , md hinh phong hoa
se duac ap dung de tinh ty le dau that t h o i t dong
bp, p h i t trien sU on dinh ciia vet dau loang tren mat nudc Vay, mo hinh md phong do nhdm t i e gia
de xuat trong bai b l o nay la mpt phan ciia nghien cu'u thUc hien trong linh vUe md phdng so ciia dau loang trong moi trudng biln
Tai lieu tham khao
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International Journal of Environmental Research 2013;
7(1): p 81 -96
Simulation of oil weathering processes in marine environment
Nguyen Quoc Trinh', Nguyen Minh Huan' Phung Dang Hieu% Nguyen Quang Vinh*
'National Centre for Hydro-IVIeteorological Forecasting, MOWfif
^University of Science, VNU
^Institute for Marine and Island Research and Management, MONRE 'Aero-Meteorological Observatory, MONRE
Summary
The paper presents the application of two dimensional numerical model to simulate the oil slick spreading using finite volume approach and an oil weathering model (OWM) to consider the mass transfer processes (such as evaporation, vertical dispersion, emulsification and dissolution) Based on the most applicable expressions In the world and com-paring their results and available experimental data or analytical solutions, the authors have developed the suitable equations, using the oil depreciations as sink term in oil dynamic equation to simulate the oil weathering processes, calculate tbe spreading and evaporation processes, and estimate the emulsification rate of the oil spill
Key words: Oil spill, oil weathering processes, mathematical modelling