Tidn trinh giao ning tir nhidn cho cdng ddng Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, tidn trinh thuc hidn hoat ddng giao rimg tu nhien cho cgng ddng d xa Huong Giang gom 5 birdc: i Thdng nhdt gii
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Dd tai nay nhlm muc tidu nghidn cmi thuc tiang quan ly, khai thac tai nguydn ritng tnrdc va sau khi giao cho cdng dong quan ly Ddng thdi, danh gia ket qua cua hoat dpng quan ly bao ve va phat tri^n rimg tu nhidn do
c6ng dong thtrc hidn Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, b cgng dong th6n Phii Trung, so hd dSng k]^ tham gia
quan ly va bao vd rimg la 5 ho/54 hd; cdng dong thdn Phii Nmh, sd ho dang ky tham gia quan IjJ^ va bao vd rimg la 9 hQ/47 ho Vide xay dung quy uoc cua ban quan ly ning cdng ddng chii yeu la do npi bd cdc thanh vien trong cdng dong tvr xay dung Ket qua nghien cuu cung cho t h ^ rang, trudc khi cdng ddng 2 thon nhan quan ly rimg thi da sd cac loai tai nguyen ning deu bi khai thac d miic dp cao Tuy nhien, sau khi giao riing
thi miic do khai thac tai nguyen ning ddu giam xudng miic thdp, thSm chi a miic khdng khai thac Ve bd
may td chitc quan ly co 100% y kien dieu tia danh gia tdt, 76,67% y kien danh gia tdt vd m^t td chiic hpi hpp
va sinh hoat cua cPng dong Ve boat dong vd sinb va phong chdng chay rung, 16,66% y kidn danh gid a miic
tmng binh vi cdn mpt so it hp gia dinh thuc hidn chua nghidm tuc Vd hoat ddng xiic tidn tdi sinh va phat tridn rung, boat ddng n^y chi dat miic trung binh va kdm
Th)sh6a: Bit Iim nghidp, cdng ddng, din tdc thidu sd, quy udc guan ly rimg, xa Hmmg Giang
1 BAT VAN HE
Rimg cua Vidt Nam chidm tren 70% tdng didn
tich tu nhien va la noi cu tni cua it nhat 1/3 dan sd
qude gia Vi vay, vimg rimg nui Vidt Nam giii mdt vi
tri quan hgng hong tidn trinh phdt trien ciia ddt
nudc Day ciing la noi sinh sdng eua ddng bdo cac
dan tdc thidu sd vdi ngudn lpi vd smh kd phu thudc
true tidp vdo tdi nguydn thidn nhidn, hong dd chu
yeu la tdi nguyen rimg vd dat rimg 6 mpt vai qudc
gia, hong mdt thdi gian ddi rimg thudc su quan ly
cua Nha nudc nhung hd thdng quan ly nay da khdng
cho hidu qua eao do thidu can bd kidm Idm trong khi
didn thich rimg qua ldn CTrdn Diic Vidn va Mai Van
Thdnh, 2005) Kinh nghidm cua mdt sd ntrdc nhu
Trung Qudc, Inddndxia, Nepan cho thdy, tinh trang
rimg se h d ndn tdt hon bang each phan quyen quan
ly rimg (Nguydn Vmh Quang, 2003) O Viet Nam,
qudn ly rimg dua vdo edng ddng da xudt hien tii lau
ddi hong cac edng ddng dan tdc khac nhau va dang
h d thdnh mdt hong nhirng phirong thiie quan Iy phd
bien d Viet Nam, tdn tai song song vdi cae phuong
thiic quan Iy khac nhu quan ly cua lam trudng Nha
nudc, xdy dung huong udc, luat tuc bao vd rimg
(Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009) Qua tiinh chuydn
doi ddn tii quan ly tap trung cua Nha nudc sang thira
nhan su tham gia cua ddi tupng quy md nhd da gdp
Trudng Dai hoc Ndng Lam, Dai hpc Hud
phan phat hidn rimg vd ndng cao sinh kd cua ngucri dan, rimg dang ngdy cang dupc giao nhidu hon cho cpng ddng dd hp diing ra true tidp quan ly Md hinh giao rimg cho edng ddng quan 1;^^ dau tidn d Thua Thidn - Hud dupc Hat Kiem lam huydn Phii Lpc thuc hidn tai thdn Thuy Ydn Thuong vao nam 2000 Qua ddnh gia hidu qua thuc hidn md hmh nay da khang | dmh vide giao rimg eho cOng ddng quan ly cd tac ddng tieh cue ddn vide giu rimg cung nhu phdt tiien vdn ning da giao COng ddng nh§n rimg ehu ddng I hong vide phdng chdng chay rimg, tudn ha dd xu ly nghidm eae vu phd rimg hai phdp, ciing nhu dau tu kinh phi dd phat tridn vdn rung thdng qua hdng cdy ban dia hoac khoanh nudi tai sinh rimg (Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009) Mac dii chl la budc dau, nhung vide quan ly rimg dua vdo cdng ddng da tao dieu kidn de phat huy vai trd ciia edng ddng tham gia vdo cdng tde quan ly vd bao ve rimg Tir kdt qua do
md hinh giao rimg tu nhidn cho edng ddng quan 1^ bdo vd da dupc nhan rdng ra cac huydn khdc ti^n todn tinh Tinh ddn ndm 2010 didn tieh rimg ti; nhidn tai Thira Thidn - Hud da giao cho cdng ddng, nhdm
hd va hd cd tiie qudn Iy la 11.873,9 ha, hong do huydn A Ludi 6.224,3 ha, huydn Nam Ddng 3.219,2
ha, huydn Phii Lpc 1.645,1 ha vd huydn Phong Dien 785,3 ha (Nguydn Trpng, 2010) Do dd dd quan ly tai nguydn rimg mdt each hieu qua va bdn virng, khdng tiid bd qua vai h d eiia cgng dong, nhirng ngirdi dan
Trang 2sdng gdn ning trong vide quan ly, bao vd vd phat
tridn rimg Phat huy su tham gia cua cdc cgng ddng
tiong vide quan ly ngudn tai nguydn rimg vira mang y
nghia phat huy truyen thdng ddn tgc, vira cd ttid tao
ra cdc phirong thiic quan ly rimg cd hidu qua va ben
virng hon Muc tidu cua bai bao nham nghien ciiu
thuc trang qudn Iy va khai thae tai nguydn rimg trudc
vd sau khi giao cho cdng ddng Ddng thdi, danh gia
kdt qua cua boat dpng quan ly bao vd va phdt trien
rimg tu nhien do cdng ddng thuc hidn Tir do, dd
xudt mdt sd giai phdp nhdm tidp tuc nang eao hidu
qua ciia md hinh ndy
Z PHUONG PHAP NGHBV CUU
Dd thuc hidn nghidn cuu nay, tae gia da hdn
hdnh thuc hidn cdc phuong phap nhu thu thdp sd hdu
thir cdp tu edc co quan, ban, ngdnh vd quan Iy tdi
nguydn ddt, tai nguydn rimg eiia xd, huydn, tinh vd sd
Hdu so cdp thdng qua phdng van bang phieu dieu tra
30 hd dan d 2 thdn Phii Trung va Phii Ninh thudc xa
Htrong Giang kdt hpp vdi quan sdt thuc td, hao ddi
kinh nghidm vdi edc thdnh vidn Ban quan If Rung a 2
thdn Dua hdn nhiing tdi Hdu, sd Hdu thu thap dupc,
tidn hdnh tdng hgp, thdng kd va phan tieh hdn phan
mdm Excel Ngodi ra, cdn tham khao ^ kidn eua cac
chuydn gia, can bd quan ly lmh vuc quan ly dat dai,
quan Iy tdi nguydn rimg nham ghi nhan cac phan hdi
ve nhirng uu diem, khd khan va vudng mac eua md
hinh
3 KET QUA NGHDl CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1 Khdi qudt dia bdn nghidn aiu
Huong Giang la xa mien niii d vimg ttiuong
ngudn sdng Huong, ndm vd phia tay cua huydn Nam
Ddng each trung tdm thi hdn Khe Tre khoang 8,50
km Xa Huong Giang cd tdng didn tich tu nhidn la
772,30 ha, hong do, ddt ndng nghidp Id 547,15 ha,
chiem 70,85% tdng dien tieh tu nhidn; dat phi ndng
nghiep Id 76,64 ha, chid'm 9,92%; ddt chua sii dung la
148,51 ha, chidm 19,23% (UBND xa Huong Giang,
2014a) xa cd 6 ttidn gdm Tay Linh, I h u a n Hoa, Tay
Lde, Phil Trung, Phu Ninh, Phu Thuan Todn xa cd
367 hd, tdng sd dan la 1.475 ngudi Trong dd, sd
ngudi hong dp tudi lao ddng la 751 ngudi; ngudi
ngodi dd tudi lao dgng Id 724 ngudi (UBND xa
Huong Giang, 2014b) Dia hinh cua xa ehu yeu la ddi
mil phan bd d phia bdc, do cao trung binh Id 245 m so
vdi muc nude bidn, noi cao nhat Id khu vuc mil
Hagier eao 526 m, edn lai Id nhiing ddi nui thap
- ' 1 HWffl Riu
^ " » « ' I
Hinh 1: So dd dia bdn nghidn cuu
Ngudn: Cdng ttidng tin didn tic tinh Thua Thien - Hue
3.2 Hidn tr^ng ddt ldm nghidp cda xa Huong Giang
Kdt qua didu tra cho thay, xa Huong Giang cd 437,03 ha ddt ldm nghidp, chidm 57,40% didn tich ddt
tu nhien Trong dd, dat cd rimg tu nhidn san xuat la 146,30 ha va ddt rimg trdng san xudt la 290,73 ha Xa khdng cd dat rimg dac dung vd rimg phdng hd Ddt rimg cua xa Huong Giang tuy kha da dang vd phong phu vdi nhidu loai eay hdng nhung chat Iupng khdng cao Rimg chii ydu la rimg tnmg binh va rung ngheo, tham thuc vdt it, dd che phu eiia rimg khdng eao
3.3 Md hinh quan 1^ rimg cOng ddng tai xa Huong Giang
3.3.1 Tidn trinh giao ning tir nhidn cho cdng ddng
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, tidn trinh thuc hidn hoat ddng giao rimg tu nhien cho cgng ddng d
xa Huong Giang gom 5 birdc: (i) Thdng nhdt giiia cdc ben Hdn quan va thanh lap Ban Quan ly Rimg epng ddng (BQLRCD) Idm thdi; (u) didu h a tai nguydn rimg tu nhidn; (m) du thao phuang an, kd hoaeh va quy udc quan Iy bao vd va phat tridn rimg; (iv) td chuc hop thdn thdng qua du thao phuong dn, kd hoach 5 nam va quy ude quan ly bao ve vd phat tridn rimg; (v) trinh Uy ban Nhan ddn (UBND) huyen phe duyet
3.3.2 Cic hoat ddng quan ly rung tu nhien cua cdng ddng
a Thanh lip bd miy td chuc quan ly
BQLRCD ttidn Phu Trung va tiidn Phii Nmh deu
do cgng ddng thdn tiianh lap va UBND xa cdng nhan Nhirng thidt chd ndi bd cting dugc to chiie xay dung nhu quy udc quan ly bao vd rimg va quy dmh
Trang 3cac quyto duoc huong loi theo quy dinh cua cdng
d6ng Nhung nhiem vu cua BQLRCD thdn la xSy
dung kl hoach quan ly rimg cong dong va cac hoat
dong lita quan; phan cdng nhom hp thuc hien M
hoach quan ly rimg; huy dpng cac nguon luc de thuc
hien ke hoach quan ly rimg; kilm tra, giam sat viec
thuc hita ki hoach quan ly rimg cong dong, ciing
nhu khai thac lam san va phan chia loi ich tit rimg
cOia cong dong va lap bao cao kit qua thuc hita ke
hoach quan If nmg cong dong dinh k^ cho UBND
xa O cOng dong thon Phii Tnmg, so ho dang ky
tham gia quan ly va bao v6 rimg la 5 h6/54 ho, chilm
ty le 9,25% ho dSn trong thon Tuong tu, cOng dong
thon Phli Ninh, sl ho dang ky tham gia quan ly wi
bao v« rimg la 9 h6/47 hO, chlem ty le 19,14% h6 dan
trong thon Cac hi dan dang ky tham gia voi Unh
than lu nguyen vi lpi ich chung cua cpng dong
Trong nhilm k^ 2010-2014, do sl ho tham gia quan
\f va bao ve rimg 6 hai thon cbn h ^ chl nta xa
Huong Giang da gpp so hO tham gia o hai thon thanh
1 cdng dong dl c6 dilu kien thuta lpi tham gia quan
1^ va bao ve rimg hon Bd may to chiic dupc phan cap
rd rang tir ban quan ly den cac nhdm trudng va culi
cimg la c^c thiinh vien
b Xay dung quy uac quan ly bao ve va phat triin
rimg
Ket qua nghita cuu cho thSy, viec xay dung quy
uoc ctia cdc BQLRCD chii ylu la do ndi bd cac thanh
vita trong cdng ding tu xay dung, trong dd nhiing
ngudi dirng dau cic BQLRCD ddng vai trd chu dao
trong vide xay dung quy uoc Chinh quyen dia
phuong va co quan tu v& nhu Phong NN&PTNT,
Phdng TN&MT, Hat Kilm lam, Ban Quan ly Rimg
phong hd chi ddng vai trd tu van, thiic d£y va thdm
dinh vl m$t phap li^ Tien trinh xay dung quy uoc ciia
BQLRCD gom 4 budc: (i) Soan thao npi dung quy udc quan 1^ bao ve va phat triln rimg; (ii) to chiic cac buoi hpp thdn de thao luan, gdp y thong nhat quy uoc; (iii) girl quy uoc quan ly bao vd va phat triln rimg Ito chinh quyln dia phuong tham dinh va phe duydt; (iv) thdng qua quy udc quan ly bao vd va phit trien rimg Nhu vay, vide xay dung quy udc quan IJ bao ve va phat trien rimg cua thdn Phii Trung va Phii Ninh the hien dupc tinh dan chu va dam bao c6 sij tham gia cua cdng ddng Tuy nhiln, ndi dung cua bang quy udc rat don gian, chi thi hien trach n h i ^ quyen lpi ciia nhiing ngudi tham gia v^ quy dinh nhimg dilu dupc phep, khdng dupc phep thuc hifn Bang quy uoc ciing chua cd nhtmg dilu khoan rang budc vl trach nhiem va quyln han ciia cac thanh vita lanh dao BQLRCD; trach nhidm v4 quyen han
ciia cac nhdm trudng; chua quy dinh vl thu chi vi su
dung cac ngudn tai chinh
3.3.3 Thac trang quan Iy vi khai thic tilnguy&i rung truoc va sau Mil cong ddng nhin quan ly
a Thuc trang quin ly va khai thic 01 nguyin rung trudc khi giao cho congddng
Dl xac dinh cac loai tai nguyta rimg bi khai thac, do ludng miic dd khai thac va mdc thoi gian giao rimg cho cdng ddng quan ly, nghita ctiu da tiln hanh dilu tra 30 hd gia dinh tai cdng ddng thdn Phil Trung va Phii Ninh cua xa Huong Giang Kit qua dilu tra cho thay, dien tich dat rimg tu nhita trta dia ban hai thdn la 97,73 ha, thudc Idai rimg ti; nhidn san xuat do Lam trucmg Nam Ddng quan 1^ Ngoai viec khai thac hpp phap cua cac don vi nha nudc, httng ngay ngudi dan trong v^ ngoai thdn va cdc xa lan can diu tham gia khai thac cac san phfoi tir rimg Mtic
dp khai thac cac tai nguyen rimg dupc thi hita qua bang 1
Bdng 1 Mtic dO Idiai thdc cdc loai tdi nguydn rimg trudc vd sau khi giao rimg cho cOng ddng
thdn Phli Trung vd Phii Ninh Cac loai tdi nguydn rimg
Cdc loai gd ed gid tri kmh td cao (Lim, Gd, Kidn kidn)
Cac loai gd thdng dung khac (Chd, Dao, Trudng)
Mat ong
Hatuoi
Ddt
May
Ldndn
Ddng vat rime (Khi, Cheo Mane Sde Chdn Tnit, Lgn, Rdn)
Trudc khi giao cho edng dong
+++
++
+++
+-H-+++
++
+++
•H-+
Sau khi giao eho edng ddng
0
+ +
0
+
0
+ +
Ghi chu: khai thac cao (-H^), khai thic trung binh (++), khai thac thap (+) vi khong khai thic (0)
114
Trang 4Ket qua d bdng 1 cho thdy, cdc loai sdn pham
rung nhu cae loai gd cd gia tri kinh td, lam san ngoai
gd va ddng vat rimg ddu hi khai thac d miic dd cao Y
kidn eiia ngudi dan dupc phdng vdn eho rdng, cac
loai Idm sdn ndy cd nhu cdu tidu thii cao vd bdn ed gia
til ldn cho ndn bi khai thdc nhidu Duy nhdt chi co
loai go thdng dung dugc ddnh gid d miie do tnmg
binh, vi mue dieh khai thdc cac loai gd ndy chu yeu
dd su dung hong gia dinh nhu lam nhd hoae chudng
trai Nhu vay, trudc khi cdng ddng hai thdn Phu Ninh
vd Phu Tnmg nhan quan ly rmig thi da sd cac loai tdi
nguydn rung ddu hi khai thdc d muc dd cao Nguydn
nhdn ldm cho tai nguydn ning bi khai thdc d miic do
cao khdng chi do cae co quan nhd nudc khai ttiac cae
loai gd cd gia tri kinh td dd ddu tu phdt tridn co sd ha
tdng ciia dia phuong ma cdn cd nhiing nguydn nhdn
khde, cu thd: (0 Vi khdng cd nhiing hoat ddng muu
sinh khac ngodi san xuat ndng nghidp vdi nang suat
thdp, ngirdi dan sdng xung quanh khu vuc rimg nay
budc phai kidm kd muu sinh bdng cdch khai thdc tai
nguydn rimg mpt cac bat hpp phdp Hp quan rudm
rang, rimg Id cua edng ddng do dd hg ed quydn khai
thdc cae san pham tu rung di bdn ldy tidn phue vu
cho cudc sdng hdng ngdy; (u) do Idm tnrdng vd hat
kidm lam khdng du kha nang qudn ly vi didn tich
rimg qua ldn va ngudn luc ciia cae eo quan ndy edn
rat han chd Mat khde, do dia bdn hidm hd, giao
thdng di lai khd khan, do dd cac eo quan quan ly
rimg khdng thd Idem sodt dupc Ihuc trang khai thac
tidi phep tai nguyen rimg; (iii) do co quan quan ly
chua thuc su thu hiit su tham gia eua edng ddng va
chinh quyen dia phirong vdo vide bao vd tdi nguydn
rimg; (iv) nhidu Ioai gd da trd ndn cd gia tri cao vd da
thu hilt su ehii y eua ngudi ddn, la ddng co khidn hg
bdt chap luat phdp dd sdn sang khai thac nham phuc
vu nhu cau muu sinh eua minh
b Thuc tiang quan ly vi khai thic tii nguydn
ning sau khi giao cho cdng ddng
Kdt qua b bang 1 cho thdy, tir khi giao rimg cho
cdng ddng quan ly thi miic do khai thde tai nguydn
rimg ddu giam tir miic cao xudng miie thdp, thdm chi
d miic khdng khai thde Su thay ddi miic do khai thdc tdi nguydn rung dugc ngudi dan 1;^ gidi nhu sau:
- Ngirdi ddn da cd y thiic qudn Iy vd bao vd rimg thdng qua quy udc dtroc cdng ddng vd chinh quyen dia phuong chiing nhdn Tuy nhidn, vdn edn mot sd
hd ddn vdn con Ien liit khai thdc gd va san bat ddng vat hong rimg cua cdng ddng quan ly
- Hidn tai trong khu rimg cua cdng ddng quan ly, cac lam san gd, lam sdn ngodi gd vd ddng vat ning cd gid tri kmh te hien nay khdng cdn nhidu, tham chi bidn mdt nhu Iim, Gd, Uoi Do dd, ngudi dan chuyen sang khai thde tdi nguydn rimg d cac khu rimg khae
ed eae loai lam san cd gia tri kinh td cao hon
- Tnrdc day, do eude sdng khd khan, ngudn thu nhap chii ydu dua vdo san xudt ndng nghidp, do dd
hg phai khai thdc tdi nguydn rimg Hidn nay, cac boat ddng hdng rimg kinh td phdt tridn nhu keo va cao su
da eho thu nhap cao hon so vdi vide di rimg eho ndn ngudl ddn da giam vao rimg de khai thdc tdi nguydn Vide giao rimg tu nhidn cho cdng dong quan ly
da gdp phan thay ddi nhdn thiic cua ngudi dan khi hg tham gia vao tat cd cdc hoat ddng giao rimg Ngirdi ddn nhidt tinh tham gia cdc boat ddng didu h a rimg, thdo ludn xdy dung quy udc bao vd phdt trien rimg,
ke hoach qudn ly rimg cdng ddng Ddn thdi diem hidn tai, phan ldn khu rung dupc giao cho edng ddng thdn Phli Ninh va Phii Trung quan ly vd phdt trien rung khd tdt, tinh hang vi pham quy udc vd khai thdc rimg hai phep cd chidu hudng gidm di dang kd Do
dd, cd the khang dinh rimg cdng ddng la hirdng di diing ddn hpng vide quan ly tai nguyen thidn nhidn rimg hidn nay
3.4 Ddnh gid kdt qud ciia hoat d$ng quan ly rimg do cdng ddng t h i ^ hi^n
3.4.1 Kdt qui dinh gii nhiing hoat ddng da thuc hidn
Kdt qua danh gid cdc ho^t dOng quan ly bdo vd
va phat tiidn rimg cua hai thdn Phu Trung vd Phu Nmh duoc the hidn d bang 2
Bang 2 Kdt qud ddnh gid cdc boat dpng quan I^ vd bao vd rimg ciia hai cdng ddng
thdn Phii Trung vd Phii Ninh (N=30) cac hoat ddng
Bd may tx) chiic quan ly
To chiic hdi hpp
Tuan tra bao ve rimg
Ve sinh va phdng chong chay rimg
Tai sinh va phat trien rimg
T6t(%)
100 76,67 83,34 83,34
Trung binh (%) 23,33 16,66 16,66 33,34
Klm(%)
66,66
Trang 5Kdt qua d bdng 2 eho thdy, ve bd may td chiic
quan ly: 100% y kidn ddnh gid tdt vd ttieo y- kidn eua
nhiing ngudi dirge phdng vdn, bd may nay dupc phan
cap rd rang tir Ban Quan ly ddn cdc thanh vidn, ddng
thdi cae ttianh vidn tham gia quan ly vd bao vd rtmg
ti-dn tinh than tu nguydn, vi lgi ieh chung cua edng
ddng Ben canh dd, vide bau chgn ra ngudi lanh dao
duoc thuc hidn mdt each ddn chii, cdng khai vd dugc
dai da sd ngudi dan trong thdn hn nhidm Tuy nhidn,
vd lau ddi, bd mdy nay cdn phdi cd tu cdch phap nhan
vd dupc hao quyen thuc su Ndu khdng ed quyen lyc,
hp khdng ed dupc tinh hpp phdp md hg cdn dd dai
didn chinh quydn xii ly cdc trudng hgp vi pham quy
udc bao vd rimg cua cdng ddng va khd duy tri dtroc
hd thdng quan ly rimg cdng ddng hidn nay
Vide td chiic hdi hpp va sinh boat eiia edng ddng
dugc thuc hidn khd tdt hong giai do^n ddu va da it
nhidu gdp phdn cdi thidn nhdn thiic eua ngudi dan
Hdn quan ddn qudn ly bao ve va phdt tridn rimg
(76,67% y kidn ddnh gid tdt) bang cdc boat ddng nhu
td chtic cae budi tga ddm, hdi thao chia se kinh
nghidm cho ngudi dan hong cdng ddng Nhung giai
doan sau, hoat ddng ndy da cd phan giam di do vide
giai quyet tranh chdp khdng thudc ttiam quydn ciia
ban quan ly Hon nua, vide kliai thdc hai phep ngay
cang phiic tap va ndi dung cdc budi sinh boat thdn it
ldng ghep thdo ludn chia se kinh nghidm ndn da lam
cho hoat dpng hdi hgp Ididng dupc thudng xuydn
nhu trudc (23,33% y kien ddnh gid trung binh)
Vd boat ddng tuan ha, bao vd rimg: kdt qua d
bang 2 ciing eho thdy, hoat dOng tudn ha, bao vd
rimg d cdng ddng thdn Phii Trung va Phii Nmh dugc
ddnh gid d miic tdt 83,34% Vide giao rimg cho cdng
ddng da han chd, ngdn c h ^ vide tu do khai thae tdi
nguydn ning va da gdp phdn tdi sinh rung tu nhien
Tuy nhien, vdn cdn mgt sd vu khai thae gd hdi phep,
lan chidm dat rtmg edng ddng dd ldm nuong ray, nha
d bdi ngudi ddn eae xa ldn cdn
Vd hoat dOng vd sinh va phdng chdng chdy rimg:
kdt qua d bang 2 cho ttidy, 83,34% y kidn danh gid tdt
vd 16,66% y kidn ddnh gia d miic tnmg binh vi edn
mdt sd it hp gia dinh thuc hidn chua nghidm tiic Mat
khde, tir sau khi cd su vide hanh chdp dat ctia ngudi
dan xa Huong Hiiu ndn BQLRCD da it td ehiic tudn
tra bao vd ndn vide hoat ddng vd sinh phdng chdng
chay rimg cting it didn ra
Vd boat ddng xiic tidn tdi sinh va phdt hidn rimg:
hoat ddng ndy ehi dat d mux: tnmg binh vd kem,
tirong ung 33,34% va 66,66% Nguydn nhdn ehinh la
do d cdng ddng thdn Phii Trung va Phu Ninh da •
khdng duge hd h p kuih phi cung nhu ky ttiuat ndn ]
khdng thd tu lam gidu vd phuc hdi rimg Mat khdc, ' rimg llic mdi dupc giao da d miic rimg ngheo va cM dua vdo ddng gdp cay gidng ciia cdc thanh vidn tham ' gia vdi ky thudt trdng cdn kem
3.4.2 Nhung khd khin tiong ho^t ddng quan ^ -rirng d(ia vio cdng ddng dxa Huong Giang
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, chinh sdch cua Nha nudc ve qudn ly rung dua epng ddng cdn nhieu bat cap nhir ehua cd van bdn luat ndo dd cdp ddn tu ' each phdp 1^ cua cgng ddng, chua cdng nhdn quyen hgp phdp va trach nhiem cua cgng ddng dan cu thdn nhu mdt chu rimg that sir Cdc van ban quy pham phap luat ve dau tu va hn dung khdng quy dinh cOng ddng ddn cu thdn la ddi tupng dupc vay vdn dau tu va hirdng uu dai dau tu theo Luat Khuydn khich Ddu tu hong nudc khi tham gia vdo cac hoat dpng quan ly va phat tridn rung hi nhidn Vide phdi hpp giua cdc bdn hdn quan edn chtra thuc su hidu qua khi ma cdng ddng ehua cd nhidu tidng ndi va vai h d hong cdc boat ddng xir ly ede trudng hpp vi pham Mae du, da
cd nhimg cd gdng nhdt dinh nhung dudng nhu vide khai thde go, lan chidm ddt rung vdn dm thdm didn
ra Ddy la mdt khd khan Idn nhat hong vide bao vd rimg eiia edng ddng, vi rat khd cd Ihd kidm soat dupc cac ho9,t ddng khai thdc gd h a i phdp, didu ndy dnh hudng ldn ddn tam Iy eua edng ddng Nang luc to chiic vd quan ly rimg cua edng ddng edn han chd, dae bidt la nhiing vi tri lanh dao hong BQLRCD Khi
giao ning cdc cOng ddng chua nhdn dupc su ho tra
dang kd ndo eiia Chinh phu nhu ndng eao nang luc quan ly rimg cho cOng ddng va hd h p tdi chinh hong thdi gian hp chua cd thd ty ldy rimg nudi rimg Cdc
CO chd hudng Ipi hidn hdnh tu rimg thidu tinh kha thi, chua dupc van hdnh tdt va ngudi dan tnrdc mat ehua dupc hudng lpi gi dang kd tir rimg nghdo kiet, ndn ehua that s u thidt tha vdi vide bao ve vd phat tridn rung
4.KeTLUAN
- BQLRCD dupe ehinh quyen dia phuong thira nhan va cdng ddng iing hd giao rimg tu nhidn dd quan Ij^ va bao vd, budc ddu tao lap dupc co chd til quan ly hong cdng ddng Phdt huy dugc cac tdp qudn ciia ngudi ddn dia phuong ti-ong quan ly bao v$ rimg, kien tiiiie ban dia cua ngudi dan tiiy don gian nhung hidu qua cao Bd may td chirc qudn 1^ rimg o i a cdng ddng Id chat che, nhiing vi tii lanh dao BQLRCD dupc bdu chpn mOt each dan chu Cgng ddng da ed
116
Trang 6quy udc quan ly bao vd va phdt tridn rimg tiid hidn
mdi quan hd rang huge vd mat luat Id cua ede thdnh
vidn hong cdng ddng
- Trudc khi cdng ddng 2 thdn nhan quan ly rimg
thi da sd cae logi tdi nguydn rimg ddu bi khai thdc d
mifc dp cao Tuy ittiidn, sau khi giao rimg thi mtic dp
khai thde tai nguydn rimg ddu giam xudng miie thdp,
thdm chi d mirc khdng khai thac Hoat ddng Idiai thde
trdi phep tai nguydn ning sau khi giao vdn cdn didn ra
nhung tinh hinh quan V^ bao vd rimg tdt hon nhidu so
vdi trudc khi ning chua thudc ve cdng ddng
- Giao rimg cho cgng ddng quan ly khdng nhiing
tao didu kidn eho eae hd gia dinh trong cdng ddng
tham gia cdng tdc quan Iy rimg, ldm chu cae khu
rimg duoc giao md cdn tao didu kidn de cho ngirdi
ddn cd ca hdi hirdng lpi bi rimg, gdp phdn eai thidn
smh kd cua ngudi nhdn rimg Do tidm nang lao ddng
cdc hd gia dinh ddi dao, neu dupc hd trp va hirdng
ddn ky thuat bao vd, phdt trien va sir dung rimg,
ngudi dan sd hirdng ling mdt each tich cue gdp phan
phdt tridn rimg va cai thidn cudc sdng
B^ gidi quydt cdc vdn dd edn tdn tai eiing nhu td
chire thuc hidn ede boat ddng quan ly bao vd vd phdt
tridn rimg ed hidu qua nhu mong mudn, cdc tac gid
dd xuat mdt sd kidn nghi: (i) Cdng nhan cdng ddng
thdn ban la mdt td chiic cd tu each phap nhan, mdt
ddi tupng dupc vay vdn ddu tu vd dupc hudng uu dai
ddu tu khi tham gia bao vd va phdt tridn rimg; (ii) edn
thu bift cdc du dn hd h p vdn, ky thuat eho cdng
ddng, di cdng ddng cd ngudn vdn eung nhu cae ky
thuat can thidt khi tham gia quan ly bao vd va phdt tridn rimg; (ui) chinh quyen dia phuong edn phdi td chiic danh gia cdng ddng dugc nhdn rimg sau mdi giai doan kdt tiiuc kd hoach 5 nam quan ly- bao vd va phdt tnen rimg Kdt qua boat ddng ddnh gia dd Id co
sd dd dua ra nhiing quydt dinh ve vide duy tri hoac thu hdi rimg da giao eho edng ddng nham ban chd suy giam tai nguyen rimg
TAI L i u THAM KHAO
1 Trdn Diic Vidn, Mai Van Thanh, 2005 Phan cap hong qudn 1;^ tdi nguydn rimg va sinh kd cua ngudi dan Nhd xudt ban Ndng nghidp, Hd Ndi
2 Nguydn Vinh Quang, 2003 Chinh sdch nhd nudc ve vide sir dung tdi nguydn rimg d cdng ddng mien nui Viet Nam
3 Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009 Su ddng thuan eiia ngudi dan ddi vdi hmh thiic quan ly rimg edng ddng tai Thira Thien - Hud Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Lam Hue
4 Nguydn Trpng, 2010 Danh gid kdt qua 10 nam giap rimg cdng ddng ed su tham gia eiia ngudi dan d Thira Thidn - Hud Ky ydu hdi thao "Quan ly rimg tu nhidn dira hdn quydn eua ngirdi ddn" Hue
5 UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014a Bdo edo ttidng
kd dat dai trdn dia ban xa Huong Giang nam 2013
6 UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014b Bao cao tinh hinh phdt tndn kinh td-xa hpi cua xa Huong Giang 6 thdng cudi ndm 2013
COMMUNiry BASED FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENTS CENTRAL VIETNAM: CASE STUDY AT HUONG GIANG COMMUNE, NAMDONG DISHUCT, THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE
Nguyen Huu Ngu, Phan Thi Phuong Nhi Summary
This article aims to study situation of management and exploitation of forest resources before and after delivering to community for managing Simultaneosly, assess results of management, protection and development activities of natural forest which performed by community The results showed that the ratio of households which registered to participate to manage and protect forest is 5/54 households and 9/47 households at Phu Trung village and Phu Ninh village, respectively The convention of forest management board is made by local community members The results also showed that forest resources are exploited with a high level before delivermg to community to manage However, it decreased to low level or even non -exploitation after delivering forest to coramumty About the management board, there was 100% of good level feedback About the organization of meeting and commumty activities, there was 76.67% of good level feedback About samtation and prevention/fight fire forest, there was 16.66% of medium level feedback because a small number of household had performed less seriously About the forest regeneration and development activities, it was rated at medium and weak level
Keywords: Forestland, community, ethnic minority, forestry management convention, Huong Giang commune
Ngudi phdn bidn: TS Dodn Hodi Nam
Ngdy nh0n bdi: 15/7/2014
Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 17/8/2014
Ngdy duydt dang: 24/8/2014