ddng th&i mgnh dan di xudt cdc biin phdp cdn thuc thi trong thai gian t&i v&i mong mudn cd the ddng gdp "doi diiu " di PVN vugt qua cdc thdch thirc va tan dung tiim ndng to lan ve CDM ci
Trang 1CO CHE PHAT TRIEN Si\CH (CDM) TRONG NGANH CONG
NGHIEP DAU KHI VIET NAM - CO HQI VA THACH THU'C
Nguyin Buc Huvnh
Nguyen Giam d6c TT NCPT An Todn va M6i Truong DK
Le Thi Phuyng - TT Ut> & CGCN - VDK
Email: ndhuvnh pv@vahoo.com.vn
Nghi dinh thu Kyoto ndm 1997, cgt mdc quan trgng trong no lire todn cdu vi bdo v4 moi tru&ng vd phdt trien ben virng Ldn ddu tien chinh phu cdc nuac tham gia nghi dinh thu dd chdp nhdn su rang bugc vi mgt phdp ly ddi v&i mire phdt thdi khi gdy hieu hi$u un^ nhd kinh (GHG) cua minh Nghi dinh thu da dua ra cdc ca chi hgp tdc nhdm muc dich dgt dugc chi tieu gidm phdl thdi GHG doi vai cdc nuac phdt trien, dong th&i ho trg phdt trien bin vitng & cdc nuac dang phdt trien
Bdi viit ndy se di cap t&i mgt so ngi dung chinh cua CDM ca hgi vd thdch thirc trong qud trinh thuc hien cdc du dn CDM trong nganh cdng nghiep ddu khi Viet nam ddng th&i mgnh dan di xudt cdc biin phdp cdn thuc thi trong thai gian t&i v&i mong mudn cd the ddng gdp "doi diiu " di PVN vugt qua cdc thdch thirc va tan dung tiim ndng to lan ve CDM ciia nghdnh nhdm dem Igi Igi nhuan tdi da trong sdn xudt kinh doanh md vdn thuc hi$n tiiu chi "Phdt triin bin vitng " cho nganh cdng nghi$p ddu khi Viet nam
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) IN PETROLIUM INDUSTRIAL O
VIETNAM - OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGES
With agreement from 37 induslrilized countries and the EU Kyoto Protocol
is a global world where the polluting party pays the cost of their emissions The goal is to achieve emissions reductions, where it is the most cost-effective Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market based instrument under Kyoto Protocol ofUNFCCC:
- Assits developing countries in suistairiable development while at the same time contributing to the ultimate objective of the convention
- Developed countries to support project activities that reduce GHG emissions in the
Developng Countries in return for Certified Emission Reduction (CER 's)/Carbon Credits
The Kyoto Protocol sets GHG emissions redudction targets for developed countries including Economies Transition 5.2% calculated from the
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I Stf lirgx: ve ccr che phat trien sach (Clean Development Mechanism-CDM)
Co chi phat triin sach (CDM) la co chg hpp tac qudc xk mod trong Enh v\rc m6i
trucmg giira cdc qu6c gia dang phat trien va cac quoc gia cong nghi?p h6a nhdm lam gidm phdt thai khi nha kinh (GREEN HOUSE GAS~GHG) tren pham vi toan ciu dugc thiet l|p trong trong dieu 12 cua nghj dinh thu Kyoto (thang 12/1997) Voi cam ket phai cat gidm phat thdi GHG, cdc qudc gia c6ng nghiep hoa phdi ddu tu, doi mdi, cai tien c6ng ngh$ vdi chi phi rat t6n kem ma hi$u qua mang Iai khong cao thi c6 mgt each Idm tot hon la tien hdnh dau tu nhiing du dn CDM 6 nhiing quoc gia dang phat trign, noi trinh dp c6ng nghe chua cao, moi trudng chua bj 6 nhiem nang voi chi phi dau tu thap hon nhieu D6i Iai, cdc doanh nghi?p diu tu nhan dugc chung chi giam phat thdi da dugc cong nhan (CEIU) d6 dap ung chi tieu giam phat thdi ciia quoc gia Cung voi cac co che khac cua nghi dinh thu Kyoto, CDM giiip cho vi?c thiet lap mgt khuon kho phdp ly mang tinh toan ciu cho cho cac budc khoi ddu nham kiem chS va ki6m sodt xu hucmg gia tang phat thdi khi gay hieu umg nhd kinh (GHG), dua ra cdc muc tieu giam phdt thdi chinh va thoi gian thuc hien cho cdc nudrc phat trien (cdc nude c6ng nghi?p), h6 trg, khuy6n khich cac nuoc dang phdt triln thuc hi?n cdc du an than thien voi moi trudng nhlm phdt triln bin vimg
1.1 MIIC H@U
Vdi 159 quoc gia tham gia I^ nghi dinh thu Kyoto vao ndm 1997, 39 qu6c gia cong nghiep phat trien da cam kit cdt gidm sdn lugng khi thai CO2 xuong miic 5,2% cua nam
1990 Tuy nhien sau do My vd Uc da tu ch6i tham gia nghi dinh thu nay nen san lugng khi thai CO2 dugc cdt giam din nam 2012 chi cdn 1,8% so vdi nam 1990 [1]
Hinhl Cam kit gidm thieu khi thdi CO2 cua 38 qudc gia cong nghiep phdt triin
Trang 31.2 Ph^m vi va cac dieu kifn cua cdc di^ An CDM
Pham vi:
Cd 15 ITnh vyc khac nhau thugc phgm vi thirc hien cdc du dn CDM , tuy nhien cac kilu dir dn CDM ma Viet nam va cdc qu6c gia khac tren thi gidi da dang ky thuc hien thudng t^p trung vdo cdc ITnh vuc sau day:
Cdc du dn trong ITnh vuc sdn xudt nang lugng
Du dn sii dying hgp 1^ nang lugng
Nhdm du an giao thdng
Cdc du an trong ITnh v\rc khai khoang hay khai md
Nhom du dn trong rimg hay tai tao rung
Nhdm dir an phat thdi nhien li?u Du an "Thu h^i va sii dung khi ding hdnh tir md
R ^ g ddng" cua Viet nam la d\r dn dau tien trSn thi gidi da dugc LiSn hgp quoc cdp chiing chi CERs [2]
Sieu kifn:
Mgt du an CDM chi cd thS thuc hien dugc khi du an dd dap ling day du cdc CKIU ki§n sau day:
Ap dung cho cdc nude dang phdt triSn
Du an de xuat phai chiing minh dugc hoat dgng nhd dd gidm dugc phat thdi GHG Chiing minh tinh ben vung va hgp phdp
Tinh khd thi cua du an phdi dugc dap iing khi cd CDM va dugc can nhdc trudc khi thyc hi6n du an
Dang ky du an CDM vdi co quan thdm quyen qudc gia Viet Nam (DNA) va LHQ Bdn chiing nhdn gidm phdt thdi (CERs) cho cdc nude dd phdt trien
Khdng sir dung quy c6ng vd ngu6n vdn ODA de thuc hien du an
L2 Cac loai khi gay hi^u ung nha kinh (GHG)
Da phin cac ngu6n nhi^n lieu khdng the tai tao nhu than dd ddu, khi khi hi dit chay
se sdn sinh ra hang loat cdc loai khi khac nhau gay 6 nhiem moi trudng trong dd bao gdm: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SFfi Theo nghi dinh thu Kyoto 6 loai khi kl tren khi bj thit thodt ra khi quyen thi chiing sS c6 khd ndng pha hiiy ting Ozon va gay ra hieu ung nha kinh va bat ky sg giam thieu nao cua mot trong 6 loai khi nay thi deu cd the xem xet dS thuc hiSn du dn CDM
1.3 Cac birdc thyc hi^n du- dn CDM
Cac budc triln khai mgt dy dn CDM la khdng don gian tuy nhien cd thi tdm tdt qui
Trang 4136
Hinh 2 Thi truang tin dung gidm phdt thdi (tin dung Carbon)
"Tmh bSn vung" cua du an-Ld su ddnh gid tdc dgng cua du dn CDM ddi vdi sy phat trien b6n virng ciia nuoc chu nhd nhu Vi?t nam chang han Mgi quoc gia c6 thS xdc dinh tieu chi "bSn viing" cho rieng minh
"Tinh bd sung' ciia d\r an- Id y nghla ve mat mdi trudng cua nhd dau tu, se giam dugc bdng viec gidm phat thdi GHG
Thi trudng mua bdn tin chi cdc bon (CERs) tren todn cdu phdt trien rat nhanh chdng N6u nam 2005 mdi cd 11,1 ty tin thi nam 2006 la 29,6 ty tin, nam 2007 Id 59,4 ty tin vd
nam 2008 la 94,8 X^ tin va dy kiSn vdo nam 2012 con s6 ndy se Id 4001^ tin [1] 1.5 Cac CO s& pbdp ly, th chirc thijrc Men, thu ti^c dang k^ vd phS duy^t cdc dir an
CDM tai Viet nam
Ctf sdphdp-ly
Nhdn thiic dugc tim quan trgng ciia nghi dinh thu Kyoto nSn Viet nam da sdm tham ^ nghi dinh thu ndy Ci trong nude chinh phu Viet nam cung da timg budc ban hdnh nhiSu van bdn phdp luat khde nhau nham tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho cdc td chiic, ca nhan thuc hien CDM d Viet nam.Trong dd ddng luu y nhdt Id:
Chi thi 35/2005/CT-TTg ngay 17 thang 10 nam 2005 cda Chmh phu va thuc hi&i Nghi djnh thu Kyoto vd,
Thdng tu lien tich s6: 58/2008/TTLT-BTC-BTN & MT ngdy 4 thdng 7 nam 2008
Trang 5ndm 2007 ve mgt sd co che, chinh sach tai chinh ddi vdi du an dau tu theo co che phdt
trien sach
1.6 Cac phuong ph^p ludn dp diing cho cac du an CDM trong nganh cdng nghiep
dau khi
D I mdt dy an CDM dugc UNFCCC chap thu|in thi dy dn dd phai su dung it nhlt mdt
trong cdc phucmg phdp luan da dugc -Lien hgp qudc phe duyet Hien nay mdi chi cd
khoang 50 phuong phap ludn da dugc Lien hgp qudc ph£ duyet dang dp dung cho tat cd
cdc du an dang trien khai trSn toan thS gidi [2]
Mgt sd phuong phdp ludn dudi day da dugc Lien hgp qudc phS duyet de danh gia
cdc du an CDM cho nganh cdng nghiep dau khi:
AM 0009 - "Thu h6i vd sir dung khi tir cdc gieng khoan ma nlu khdng lam the thi
phai dot bd" (Recovery and utilization of gas from wells that v/ould otherwise be
flared)
AM 0037 - "Giam thieu vi?c d6t bd va su dung khi a cac thiet hi xii ly dau va khi"
(Flare reductions and gas utilization at oil and gas processing facilites)
• AC 009 - "Phuong phdp nen da dugc bd xung cho viec chuyen doi nhi6n li$u
cdng nghiep tir than, dd, dau bang khi thien nhien" (Consolidated baseline
methodology for Industrial fuel switching from coal or petroleum fuel to natural
khi:
Mpt sd phuong phdp l u ^ khac da dugc phe duyet cd liSn quan tdi cdng nghi?p dau
AM 0023 - "Giam thilu su rd ri tir he thdnp phan phdi khi thien nhien bang cdch
thay thi cdc 6ng ddn cii bing gang bdng cac dng nhya polyethylen" (Leak reduction
from a natural gas grid by replacing old cast iron pipe with polyethylene pipes)
Cac phuong phap l u ^ da dugc de trinh cho viec thu hdi vd tdng trii CO2 nhung
van chua dugc phe duy?t la;
NM 0167 Oil Field, Vietnam
NM0I68 LPG Processing, Malaysia
1.7 Mot so dijr an CDM da va dang triln khai d^ nganli dau khi.[7]
Dy an thu hdi va sii dung khi ddng hanh md Rang ddng
Sd tin dung phdt thdi ciia du dn: 6.74 trieu tan CERs
S6 CERs da nhdn dugc qua dy dn (3/2008): 4,4 trieu tin CERs
Ddng gdp cua du dn;Tdng them ngudn khi sach, Dien sach (thay the diesel), gidm thieu d
nhiem, gidm nh^p khiu LPG
Dy an sur dyng khi thien nhien phdt dien tai nha may dien chu trinh h6n hgp Nhon
Trang 6S6 tin dung phat thdi; 1,000,000 Tdn CO2 / nam
Tdng ngudn thu hang trong sudt thoi gian tin dung lOnamdiu: 120.000.000 USD
Du an xu ly nude thai thu hdi Biogas dy dn Ethanol Qudng Ngai va Phii Thg
S6 tin dung phdt thai: 180.000 Tdn CO2 / nam
Tdng ngudn thu trong giai d o ^ tin dung 10 ndm dau cua dy an: 18 trieu USD
Du dn thu hdi khi ding hdnh tai vdm bac md B^ch Hd
S6 tin dung phdt thai: 120.000 Tdn CO2/ nam
Tdng ngudn thu trong giai doan tin dung 10 ndm diu cua du dn: USD 14.400 000 USD/nam
Du an thu gom khi ddng hanh md Nam Rdng - Ddi mdi
S6 tin dung phdt thdi (14ndm) 6.346.078 CERs
Tdng ngudn thu cua du dn > 63 tri$u USD
II Cof hoi va thach thirc cho viec triin khai cac du an CDM d PVN
II.l.Ticm nang giam phat thai khi gay hi|u ung nha kinh (GHG) trong nganh cong nghiep dau khi (Chi gidi han cho CH4)
Cd thi ndi nganh cdng nghiep ddu kh! chiia dung mgt tiem nang to ldn ve kha ndng gidm thieu phdt thdi GHG Kha ndng nay t6n tai d tdt cd cac cdng doan hogt dgng tir tham
do khai thac, van chuyen,tang trii den Igc ddu, chS bien dau khi va phdn phoi san pham Cd nhimg nghien cim cho thdy hang ndm cd tdi 150-170 bcm (billions cubic meter) khi thien nhien dd bi dot bd tren toan the gioi, chiem tdi 25% lugng tieu thu khi dot hdng nam cua cd nude My dieu nay ciing ddng nghia co them 400 trieu tin CO2 thai vao khi quyen mdi nam [4] Mdt ket qua khde d chuong trinh nghien ciiu "lEAGHG" ciia co quan nguyen tu qudc te (lEA) cho thay hang nam nganh cdng nghiep diu khi toan cdu da thai ra tir 40-70 trieu tan CH4 vao khi quyen [5], sd con sd nay se cang cd y nghTa khi ta biet rang mdi tan CH4 cd miic do gay hieu iing nha kinh tuong duong 21 tin CO2 qui ddi Tap doan ddu khi quIc gia Viet nam (PVN) hang nam khai thdc tren 24 triSu tin dau qui ddi tir hang chuc md diu/khi khac nhau, cd mgt he thing kho cang va dudng dng ddn khi trong tuong Iai gdn dai tdi hang ngan km, da cd nha may loc diu Dung quit vd dang xdy dung hai td hgp Igc hda diu khac, cd cdc nha mdy nhiet dien, thuy dien du kiln cd the san xuat tdi 30% san lugng di?n qudc gia vao nam 2015, da va se cd hai nha mdy sdn xudt phan dam vd da va dang xay dung ba nha may san xuit cdn sinh hgc cdng suat
1 OO.OOOtin/nha mdy Vi vay cd thi khdng dinh PVN cd mgt tilm nang ddi dao va phong phii de triln khai cdc dy an CDM trong cac hoat ddng ciia mUih gdp phin tich cue vao viec giam thilu phat thdi GHG d Viet nam
ILl.l.Tim nang giam phat thai GHG a khau dau (upstream) ciia PVN [6]
CJ cac gilng khai thac khi (thu hdi khi thira d ddu mieng gilng) d cac md khi do
Trang 7Sir dung khi ddng hdnh vdi muc dich khde hon la dot bd vi du nhu d md Bsich hd,
Rang ddng, Su tii den,
d dudng dng ddn khi, tram van, tram bom nen cua cdc tuyIn dudng dng ddn khi
Bach hl-Dinh cd, Lan Tay/Lan Dd-Dinh cd, PM3-Cd mau hay Dinh cd-Cdng Cai
mep
Tir viec bdo duong, hoat dimg boat dgng cua cac dudng 6ng din khi kl trSn
CJ cdc thdp ddt bd khi thiia ciia cdc gieng khoan dang khai thdc dau khi
Thu hdi hoi tir cdc be chiia dau th6 (bao gdm d cac kho chiia diu d ngoai khoi,
condensat)
Thu hdi CO2 tir dau/khi dugc khai thac vd bom trd Iai via dl tang thSm h? sd thu
hdi dau (6 md PM3, mo Thien LTng trong tuong Iai.)
Han che/giam thieu sy rd ri tir cac dudng dng ddn khi
n.1.2 Tim nang giam phdt thai GHG d khau sau (downstream) cua PVN[6]
O khdu sau cua nganh cdng nghiep ddu khi Viet nam, eg hgi giam phat thai GHG
thudng nam d cac hogt dgng liSn quan tdi cac qua trinh xu ly vd chi biln diu/ khi dl tgo ra
cac sdn phdm thuong mai mdi, chi tiet hon la nSn trdnh viec ddt khi thira, hoac cd the thu
hdi nhi^t thdi cung nhu giam thieu tdi da su rd ri khi cu the :
• O cdc thdp chung cat, Id sinh nhi^t cua cdc nha mdy loc ddu Dung quat, hoac d cdc td
hgp loc hda dau d Nghi xuan- Thanh Hda hay Long son-Bd ria Vung Tau
• CJ phan xudng xir ly, ddt khi du d cdc nha mdy loc hda ddu cua PVN
• Rd ri tir cac tram van ciia dudng dng dan khi trong cdc td hgp loc hda ddu
• Trong khi bao duong hay dimg hoat dgng cdc dudng Ing dan khi ke tren
CJ cdc tram bom khi thien nhien hay khi ddng hanh
Do khi du bi chdy kh6ng hoan todn d cdc nha may Igc hda dau
Hd tii cdc van vd cac mdt bic cua dudng dng dan khi trong ngi bg cac nhd may loc hda
dau
• CJ cac qua trinh hay noi thdng hoi ciia cdc be chiia dau thd hay cac sdn phim cua cdc
nha may Igc hda diu
• CJ cac Id ddt chit thai ciia cdc dy dn dau khi cua PVN
n.l3 Tiem nang giam phat thai GHG tir cac hoat dong san xuat khac cua PVN
• Thu hdi CO2 tir cac dy dn Amoniac/urea de gia tang san lugng urea
Tgn dung nhi?t du thira tir chu trinh dem cua de lap chu trinh ddi d cdc nha mdy nhiet
Trang 8Chuyin ddi nang lugng cdng nghiep (thay thi than, xSng, diu diesel, dau cdn bdng khi thien nhien) cho cdc nha may dien cda PV Power hay cdc dich vu cua PV Gas
Nhien li?u sinh hgc tir cdc nha mdy san xuit cdn sinh hgc cua PVN
Sir dung ndng lugng cd thi tdi tgo (thuy di?n, gid, dia nhiet, nang lugng mgt trdi) tir cac
du an ciia PV Power
Biogas (Nude thai tii cac nha mdy cin smh hoc.)
n.2.Thdch thirc cho vif c trien khai cdc du an CDM d PVN
Mu6n tham gia thyc hien cdc dy an CDM thi cac nude phai ddp iing ba dieu kien sau day:
Ty nguyen tham gia
Chi djnh eo quan qudc gia ve CDM
Phe duyet nghj dinh thu Kyoto
Viet nam da dap iing ca ba dilu ki?n neu tren, nhung vifc trien khai cac dy dn CDM 6 nirdc
ta ndi chung vd d nganh cdng nghiep dau khi ndi rien^ thyc su la chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang cung nhu mong mudn cua chiing ta Thi du cho dieu riay la sd du dn CDM d Vi?t nam da
va dang thim dinh, phe duyet vd thyc hien chi chilm chua din 5% sd du dn tuong ty d nude lar^ gilng Trun^ qudc,[2] Rieng trong nganh cdng nghiSp diu khi den nay ciing mdi chi cd 1 du
dn CDM ve khi ddng hanh ciia md Rgng ddng la nhgn dugc chiing chi CERs cua Li8n hgp quIc, mgt con s6 qud khiem tdn cho mgt nganh kinh te miii nhgn hang nam ddng gdp tren
15% [7] GDP cua cd nude vd cd rit nhilu co hgi d& triSn khai CDM Theo chiing tdi viec
triln khai cac du dn CDM ciia PVN da gdp nhimg rao can sau day:
- Nhgn thuc va hiiu bilt vl bdn chdt cua CDM va nghj dinh thu Kyoto ciia mgt bg phdn khdng nhd cdn bg, nhdn vien lam vi^c trong nganh dau khi la rat hgn chi va thieu sau sdc,
cd ngudi thi hieu CDM chi la bien phap ling phd vdi mdi trudng, ngudi khac thi hieu CDM chi id CO hgi kinh doanh rat it ngudi hieu rang CDM la mgt sy hgp tdc cung cd Igi giita cac nude gidu vdi cac nude ngheo de gidm thieu sy ndng len ciia trdi dit va dem Igi Igi ich lau ddi cho nude ngheo
-Thilu cdc chinh sach cu thi de khuyin khich nganh diu khi triln khai CDM, ciing nhu chua
Idng ghep CDM (hay mdt hinh thiic tuong ta khac sau ndm 2012) vao chiln luge phat triln
cua nganh ddu khi
- ThiSu cdc thdng tin vd kien thiic trong viec thuc hien cdc du dn CDM, dilu nay da lam cho nganh ddu khi bd Id mgt sd co hgi trien khai CDM d mdt sd dy an cua ngEuih trong thdi gian qua
- Thieu cdn bg chuyen mon sau ve CDM trong nganh
- Cd the viSc tan dung sy hgp tac quIc tl trong luih vyc CDM chua cao cung nhu sy phii hgp vdi cac ngdnh cdc bg trong nude chua chdt che ciing la rao can cho PVN chua thi ddy nhanh
Trang 9II.3 Mot so kiln nghi
- Tuy chua dat dugc kit qua nhu mong mudn nhung PVN van la ngdnh kinh tl Vi?t
nam di dau trong cd nude ve thyc hien co che phdt triln sgch Tuy nhien vdi mong mudn
diy nhanh hon viec phdt triln cdc du an CDM cua PVN, ngudi vilt mong muln chia se
nhihig y kiln sau day vl cdng tac trien khai CDM cho ngdnh cdng nghifp diu khi Vi$t
nam:
- Tdng cudng nhan thiic ciia can bd, cdng nhan viSn trong PVN vl co chi phdt triln
sgch, Igi ich Idu dai md CDM se dem Iai cho doanh nghigp vd cho dit nude Dao tgo nguon
nhan luc cd chuyen mdn vl CDM dgc biet chii y ddo tao cho nh&ng ngudi lam vi$c d
nhihig noi cd kha ndng phat triln cac dy an CDM
- PVN nen de xuit vdi cdc co quan chiic ndng Viet nam &k din dan hodn thien cdc chinh
sdch dong bd vl luat le, tdi chinh va cdng nghe lien quan tdi CDM Trong dd dgc biet luu y
tdi nhung chinh sdch khuyin khich, hd trg cho cac dy an CDM nhd, lugng CERs khdng
nhieu cung nhu gidm bdt qui trinh, thu tuc triln khai CDM d Vi$t Nam dl nhilu don vi sdn
xuit de dang tilp can vdi CDM hon
- Phat trien nhanh cdc dy an, chuong trinh nghien ciiu vl "chuyin ddi nhien Ii?u" tir cac
nhiSn liSu truyen thing nhu than dd, xdng, diu sang dimg nguIn nhien ligu sgch hon nhu
khi thien nhien, khi sinh hgc
- U"u tien phat trien cdc dy an sdn xuit ndng lugng cd thi tai tao nhu: thiiy di$n vira va
nhd, nang lugng mat trdi, ndng lugng gid, dia nhiet va bdo dam triln khai thanh cdng
CDM khi thyc hien cdc du an nay
- Td chiic nghien ciiu tinh kha thi cua vi$c thu hdi C02 tir cdc md khai thac diu khi cua
Vi?t nam, tir cdc nha may di?n, dgm de bom xudng via cda cdc md diu nhdm gia tdng
khd nang thu hdi dau ma van gidm dugc lugng phdt thdi GHG D I kha nang nay nhanh
chong thdnh hi$n thyc PVN cin phdi hgp vdi bg tai nguySn vd mdi trudng dl Viet nam
chiing ta kien nghi len Lien hgp qudc nhanh chdng phe duy$t cac phucmg phap lugn lien
quan tdi "Thu hdi vd tdng trii CO2: NM 0167 Oil field, Vietnam & NM 0168 LPG
Processing, Malaysia" nham cd co sd ky thuat de trien khai cdc du dn "thu hdi vd chdn Idp
CO2 d Viet nam va PVN
Ket luan
Ngdnh cdng nghiep dau khi Viet Nam - Nganh kinh te mui nhgn ciia dat nude ciing
dang thi hien vai trd di ddu cua minh trong vi?c phat trien ben viing mgt ngdnh cdng
nghiep quan trgng cua dat nude De thyc hien dugc muc tieu "Phat trien ben vihig" PVN
dang trien khai hang logt cdc bien phdp cy the nham giii virng da tdng trudng ve kinh te
song van bdo ddm tiSu chi ve mdi trudng ma viec gidm thilu tdi da lugng chit thai dgc hai
vd timg budc phdt triln cdc cdng nghe it tieu thy cac bon Id budc phat triln hgp ly PVN
Trang 10De dat dugc hai tieu chi nay, PVN can phdi vugt qua cdc rdo cdn hi$n huu de thy:c hien
CO che phdt trien sach-CDM trong cdc hoat dgng sdn xuat kinh doanh Id mot bien phdp hihi hieu
vd khd thi
Ket thiic bdi viet ndy, tdc gid-ld nhihig ngudi da va dang cd nhilu ndm gdn bo vdi cdng tac an todn va bdo ve mdi trudng dau khi xin giii tdi bgn dgc suy nghi cua minh vl CDM: "TTidi gian la tien Moi ngdy trdi qua Id da danh mit nhOng Igi nhuan tg ldn dem Iai tir CO che phdt triln sach-CDM" ( Time is money every we lose is a day of lot COM revenues!
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Clean Development Mechanism-CDM Projects-Polar Designstodio 4/2009
[2] Clean Development Mechanism Project Design document form 9/2009
[3] Nhan T Nguyen; Minh Ha-Duong; Sandra Grainer l/2010.The Clean Development Mechanism in Viemam: Potential and Limitation
[4] Fmancing Oil & Gas sector - Gas Recovery and Flare Reduction Project, Monterrey
28 January,2009
[5] IPCC- Revised 1996, IPCC guideline for National GHG Inventories, Reence Manuel Vol.3
[6] CDM Opportunites in Oil & Gas Sector, EcoSecuryties-2008
[7] Bdo cdo tdng kit cdng tdc ndm 2009 vd triln khai cdng tdc ndm 2010 cua PVN
Ngiceti dgc nhdn xet: TSKH Nguyin Tdc An