tuandv@vpi.pvn.vn Tom tSt Ludng nhiin lieu LPG/diesel duc/e sddung khd pho bien tren the gidi, giup da dgng hda ngudn nhien liiu, gdp phdn gidm 6 nhiem mdi trUdng.. Trong bdi bdo ndy,
Trang 1NGHIEN CLTU THIET KE, LAP DAT VA QUY TRINH VAN H A N H XE O TO
SIJ DUNG LUONG NHIEN LIEU LPG/DIESEL
KS Dao Van Tuan, ThS Tran Mai Khoi, ThS Vu An, ThS Nguyin Thj Thu Hi^n ThS H o a n g M a i C h i , ThS Ta Q u a n g M i n h , KS LUOng Van T h U d n g , 1 i i S N g u y e n Van Nhan
Viin Ddu khi Viet Nam Email tuandv@vpi.pvn.vn
Tom tSt
Ludng nhiin lieu LPG/diesel duc/e sddung khd pho bien tren the gidi, giup da dgng hda ngudn nhien liiu, gdp phdn gidm 6 nhiem mdi trUdng Tuy nhiin, dViet Nam mdi nghien cdu thd nghiem hien trUdng dgng ddn H Trong bdi bdo ndy, nhdm tdc gid gidi thieu mpt sd nguyen tdc thiet ke, Idp ddt, quy trinh van hdnh deddm bdo an todn cho cdc
xe chuyen ddi sang sddung IUdng nhiin lieu LPG/diesel vd de xudt mpt sd gidi phdp ve cache, chinh sdch dephdt triin ben vdng, hieu qud viec sddung lUdng nhien lieu LPG/diesel eho giao thdng van tdi d Viet Nam
TUkhda: Thiit ki, lUdng nhiin lieu LPG/diesel
I.Gidfi thieu
Viec stf dung ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel cho eic
phUdng tien giao thdng van t i i la mot trong nhCfng g i l l
p h i p quan trong giup g i i m 6 nhlem moi trUdng do khf
t h i i dpng ed g i y ra De dam b i o an toan v i hieu q u i cho
eac xe sif dung ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel can nghien
eufu tU khau thiet ke, l i p dat cho den quy trinh van hanh
cho phij hpp vdi ttfng ddng xe,
Bai b i d gidi thieu mpt sd ket q u i nghien cuifu ve
thiet ke, lap dat va v i n hanh he thdng c l p LPG tren
ddng xe k h i c h Transinco dang sif dung don nhien lieu
diesel
2 Thiet ke, tap dat he thong cap LPG cho xe khach
Transinco
2.1 Khdo sdt vi tri Idp ddt hi thdng cdp LPG
£)di vdi ddng xe khich Transinco co dpng ed d phia
sau, trong qua trinh l i p d i t p h i i ehia thiet b\ cung cap
LPG t h i n h 3 cum chi tiet d 3 vi tri khac nhau:
Cac chi tiet nhu bp hda hai LPG, van dien tCf, bo
Ipc LPG, vdi phun v l e l m bien i p suit tang ap dudng nap
duae lap d i t trong khoang chu'a ddng ea de d i m b i o
giam tdn that nhiet va t h u i n ldi cho viec lly nude lam mat
tU dong cd;
- Binh ehtfa LPG dupe lap trong khoang dung dd eua
xe de t r i n h bi va dap khi xe di ehuyen v l t h u i n tien cho
viec nap LPG tai cic tram nap;
Bd ECU, edng t i e ON/OFF, dong hd bao mufc LPG,
role dUde lap d i t tren khoang III de Hi xe de quan sit va
dieu khien
2.2 Thiet ke vj tri Idp ddt binh chda LPG tren xe khdch Transinco
Viee thiet ke he thdng c l p LPG phai d i m b i o sU phan
bd trpng lupng len cie true eua xe d td sau ell tao phai tUdng t u nhu xe dtd nguyen mau; d i m b i o kfch thudc chieu dai v l chieu rpng eua 6 to khdng thay ddi; cong nghe dan g i i n , phu hpp vdl k h i nang eung Ung vattu,
trinh dd edng nghe eCia cac ca sd sin xuat trong nUdc C
to sau ell tao d i m b i o ehuyen ddng an toan tren mpi loai dudng giao thong
Binh chtfa LPG cd ket c l u hinh tru nam ngang, kfch thudc O330 x 950mm, dung tieh 65 Ift Tren binh cd van
cd khf ddng md LPG b i n g tay, van dien tif ddng md LPG, ddng hd bao mUc LPG va van nap LPG (Hinh 1) Binh ehufa LPG dupc lap d i t tren tam thep dem day 2mm thong qua hai dai kep d hai phia d i u binh (Hinh 2) Dai kep dupc l i p len t i m thep b i n g cic buldng Ml O.Tam thep dem duoc lap len khung xUdng dpe san xe b i n g 4 buldng M10 Binh chtfa LPG dupc lap doe theo ehieu dai t h i n xe Van nap LPG dupc hudng ra ben ngoai giiip thao t i c bdm
Hinh J Ket cdu binh chUa LPG
Trang 2\ ©
V
Hinh 4 Ket cdu cua bd hda hot LPC
Hinh 5 Kit cdu cua van dien tU
nap thUe hien de dang, thuan tien eho viec dong md van
Cd khf tren binh chda LPG va co the quan sit ddng hd
b i o mufc LPG khi dtfng ben ngoii xe
2.3 Phuang dn cdp nhiit vd bdtribp chuyen doi hda hai LPG, van dien tdlen xe
Nhien lieu LPGtufdanglongdUdcchuyen sang dang hdi b i n g bp hda hdi (Hinh 4), Bd hda hPi LPG dUdc ch^ tao bang nhom, ben trong cd mdt khoang rdng chda LPG va dudng nUdc di xung quanh khoang nay LPG tU binh chda qua dUdng dng dan vao trong khoang cua bd hda hdi thong qua van mpt chieu, van
cd the dieu ehinh lUu lupng LPG di qua trudc khi v i o khoang hda hoi
Bd hda hoi duoc cap nhiet bang nudc lam mat dong cd Tren bp hda hdl eo gan eim bien nhiet Khi nhiet do nudc > 50°C, elm bien se tac dung de dong eong tae nhiet thdng mach dien ap c l p cho ECU de dieu khien he thdng c l p LPG
De d i m b i o LPG Idng khdng v i d bo hoa hdi khi nhiet dd nude lam m i t eon t h i p , van dien tufdUdc g i n trudc bp hoa hoi (Hinh 5) Van dien tU ehi lam viec khi
du hai dieu kien: dpng co dang d trang thai l i m viec v i nhiet dp nude lam mat qua bp hoa hai s SCC
De d i m bao an toan eho dpng co, LPG trudc khi vao dudng nap ddng ca dupe di qua bd Ipe LPG {Hinh 6) Bp loc LPG Ipc cic bijl, can bj lan v i o LPG trong q u i trinh sin xuat hoic q u i trinh nap LPG
Sau khi khio sit, tinh t o i n vj trf l i p d i t , toan bd thiet bj bd hoa hdi, van dien tif, bd Ipe LPG trong khoang dpng cd dUpe dat tren mdt t i m b i n g sat, sau
dd g i n vao s i t xi cCia xe Bin ve l i p dat bo hda hoi, van dien ttf va Ipc LPG dupe the hien tren Hinh 7
2.4 Thiet ke Idp ddt ECU vd cdng tdc ddng md LPG ddng xe khdch Transinco
Bo ECU eua he thdng cung cap LPG (Hinh 9) co g i n ddng hd hien thi i p suit t i n g ap dUdng nap; ddng thdi
cd eae phfm chu'c nang de cii dat he thdng LPG trong q u i trinh lap d l t va van hanh he thdng
Cdng t i e dong md LPG (Hinh 9) cd t i c dung eung cap dien i p cho t o i n he thdng cap LPG Tren cong
t i c cdn ed cae mufc LPG de bao lUpng LPG trong binh chtfa Vi the, vi tri lap dat ECU va cdng tac ddng md LPG p h i i dupc d l t tai khoang lai, cho phep l i i xe cd the ddng md he thdng c l p LPG va kiem tra hien trang lam viec cua he thdng LPG
Trang 3C O N G NGHE - C O N G TRINH DAU KHI 1
Cong tSc nguon chinh
Hinh 8 Cdc bdphdn cap LPG cho xe khdch Transinco
Cum thii't bl dieu khien
\
MAX Al
V V ?
Man hinh hien thi
\ Cong lac bat/tit LPG Hinh 9 Ket cau bd dieu khien LPG (ECUj vd cong tdc bottdtLPO
Hinh W M chup tiiUc tevi tri ECU vd cdng tdc LPG khoang idi tren xe
Sau khi tien hanh l i p d i t he thdng cung c l p khi LPG len xe nhU tien trinh n^u tren, xe khich Transinco cd thiet
ke tdng the sau c i i tao sO' dung 6MC ludng nhien li^u
LPG/Diesel(Hinh11)
2.5 Quy trinh kiem tra he thdng cdp LPG vd van hdnh xe
2.5.1 Kiem tra hi thong cung cdp LPG sau khi I6p dot
Sau khi lap dat xong toan bd he thdng eung c l p LPG, eIn hieu chinh ty le nhien lieu LPG/diesel {gdc phun sdm ddng ed) eho phu hpp v l tien hanh kiem tra nhu sau: Cic mdi l i p ghep d i m b i o dii ben trong q u i trinh suf dung xe 12 t h i n g ;
Lam sach cie mat kim loai trong q u i trinh l i p them cic chi tiet de trinh m i l mon cic chi tiet khac trong ddng cP;
Md van co khi tai binh LPG, kiem tra hien tupng rd
ri LPG ctia binh chda;
Bat eong t i c he thdng cap LPG, kiem tra rd ri LPG 6 cac diem ndi va tren toan dudng dng;
Dinh ky 12 t h i n g hoae 100.000km (tiiy theo dieu
kien nao dat ducic trUdc) tien hanh kiem tra an toan lai tai
cic diem ndi, dudng dng dan LPG
2.5.2 Quy tnnh van hdnh xe sau chuyen doi sang sd dung LPG/diesel
Tien hanh nd may xe tai eho kiem tra nhiet dp kich hoat cong t i e nhiet ctia bp hda hai LPG eho cae xe chuyen ddi; Sau khi nap ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel lan dau, kiem tra lai tinh trang xe bang cich nd miy, thay ddi ehe dp ga trong 15 phut;
Tien hanh chay ra k h o i n g 30 - 50km {sau khi l i p d l t
he thdng cap LPG) de kiem tra k h i n i n g hoat ddng dn dinh cua he thdng cap LPG;
Kiem tra ap s u i t t i n g I p dudng nap LPG v l nhi^t dd
d i u boi tron sau mdi quang dUdng chay 500km
Trang 4r 1 ~^
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W/nA T T Thiet ke tong the sau khi ldp dat he thong cung cdp LPG cho xe khdch Transinco
3 Ket qua thCf nghiem hien trUcfng giufa xe khach
Transinco sd d u n g dcfn nhien lieu diesel va lúdng
nhien lieu LPG/diesel
Ket q u i thif nghiem duac the hien b i n g đ thi so
sinh true tiep giUa xe khieh Transinco sif dung đn nhien
lieu v i ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel eho thay t i c đng cua
nhien lieu đi vdl khi t h i i cic xe thtf nghiem
Tuf cic do thi bleu dien p h i t t h i i (Hinh 1 2 - 1 5 ) cho
thay, c i hai xe d td thuf nghiem sau khi chay thtf nghiem
hien trUdng 30.000km lam cho khe hd giufa piston va
xilanh tang d i n den qua trinh chay kem hon, tieu thu
nhieu nhien lieu hPn nen tang do khdi va p h i t t h i i nhieu
CO, HC, CỘ Dac biet, xe suf dung dan nhien lieu diesel
t i n g phat t h i i nhieu CÔ, HC hdn so vdi xe stf dung ludng
nhien lieu LPG/diesel
3.1 Kit qud thd nghiem qua phdn tich đu boi tran sau
qudng dudng 30.000km (dinh kjf 6.000km lay đu bdi trcm)
Dau bdi tran PLC Komat CF disac sd dung trong
qua trinh chay thif nghiem hien trUdng Cac ket qua thtf
nghiem qua p h i n tfch cic ehi tieu hda ly eua cac mau d I u
bdi trdn dupe tong hpp trong Bing 1
Tif cic ket qua tren eho t h i y mtfc do thay đi cie ehi
tieu trong q u i trinh chay thuf nghiem nhU sau:
Od nhdt đng hpc 6 lOÔC eua cae mau d i u
(Bing 1) tren c i hai xe sau 30.000km chay thif nghiem thay
đl khdng nhieụ Do do, eo the coi hai loai nhien lieu đng
ed hoat đng dn dinh trong q u i trinh chay thuf nghiem
Nhiet dp chdp chiy cua dau (Bing 1) tren c l hai xe
UPG/dlesel |
240001im 30 0POI<m
Hinh 12 Phdt thdi HC cua hai xe SOU qudng dudng thi^ nghiem 30.000km
Hinh 13 Phdt thai do khdi eda haixe sau qudng dudng thit nghiem 30.000kni
sut dung LPG/diesel va diesel khoing bien đi kha gidng nhaụ Tuy nhien, den eudi chu ky chay thuf nghiem nhiet
do chdp chiy cua xe sir dyng LPG/diesel duy tri cao hdn
xe sif dung dan nhien lieu diesel khoang 7 - 8°C
Trang 5Tri sd kiem tdng cua dau boi trdn (TBN) tren c i hai
xe thif nghiem ed xu hUdng giam dan va het chu ky thay
dau deu con eao Dieu nay eho thay duf tru' kiem cua dau
Cdn tdt Xe chay LPG/diesel eoTBN cao han xe chay diesel
cd the ly glai lUdng nhien lieu khi chiy mang tinh acid
t h i p hdn nhien lieu ddn diesel
TU ket q u i p h i n tfch, ham lupng kim loai trong
dau bdi trdn ciia 2 xe thtf nghiem sau moi ehu ky thay d i u
Hinh 14 Phdt thdi CO^ eda hai xe sau qudng dUdng thii nghiem 30.000km
• • 1
• 1
1
:
!
I 1
Hinh 15 Phdt thdi CO cdo haixe sau qudng dudng thUnghiem 30.000km
6.000km tuong ddi thap, cho thay hai nhdm nhien lieu thil nghiem khong I n h hudng den cac ehi tiet chju ma sat Qua do, hien tUdng m i l mdn eung nhuan mon cae chi ti^t trong ddng cd la t h i p , i n h hudng khong dang k^ den tu6i thp cic ehi tiet trong dpng ed
Lupng nhien lieu Ipt xudng dau bdi tran: Him lupng nhien lieu Ipt xudng dau boi trdn {Bing 1) ctia cie mau dau bdi trpn rat thap d ca 2 xe thi^ nghiem, co the khang dmh e l 2 loai nhien lieu LPG/diesel va diesel khoang suf dyng cho 2 xe khdng I n h hudng den seeming, xilanh, piston va eac chi tiet khie eua ddng ed trong sudt qua trinh thtf nghiem Dae biet, mufc dp Ipt nhien li^u xudng dau bdi tran cua xe chay LPG/diesel qua phin tfch cho thay thap han so vdi xe chay diesel
3.2 Kit qud thd nghiem qua cde ehi tiit ma sdt ehinh
Ket qua thCf nghiem qua eac chi tiet ma sat chinh cua hai xe khach Transinco thdng qua p h i n tich hat kim loai m i l mdn trong dau boi tran b i n g phUang phap Ferrograph Viee danh gia c i e Ferrogram thu dUdc tif
c i c mau dau cua cic xe thuf nghiem dupc the hien tren
B i n g 2
Theo Bang 2, cae hat dang khuc, dang cau, hat mai mon nghiem trpng, dang m i l mdn cat khdng xult hien Tuy nhien, sau 24.000km co xuat hien cic hat dang oxide kim loai den, oxide kim loai do 6 xe ddn nhien lieu diesel
tuy d mii'e nhd Tren ea sd dd cd the d i n h g i l c l hai loai
nhien lieu LPG/diesel va diesel khong g i y I n h hudng xau den dau bdi tron v i tinh trang bdi trdn ciia xe Qua cae ket q u i p h i n tich mdt sd ehi tieu chfnh cfla ddng ca nhu chi tieu phat t h i i , p h i n tich dau boi trdn vS cie ehi tiet ma s i t chinh eua ddng ea ed the khang djnh viec chuyen ddi khdng thay ddi tfnh nang ky thuat cila
xe khaeh
Bing1.Ketqudphdntichcdcchitieuaio2xechgythUnghiemsou6.000km,i2.000km,i8.000km,24.000kmvd30.000km
Quang dudng -~
thijf nghiem (km)
Sau 12.000km
Sau 18.000km
Sau 24.000km
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thijf n g h i e m
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Bii b i o trinh bay c i c nguyen tac tU thiet ke, l i p dat
va v i n h i n h xe sif dung ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel trong
dieu kien dViet Nam mdt eieh an toan, hieu qua Tren co
sd dd, Vien Dau khf Viet Nam da thiet ke, lap dat v i chay
thijf nghiem t h i n h cdng cac 6 t d sif dung ludng nhien lieu
LPG/diesel tren thUc te dUdng trUdng d quang dudng dai
(30.000km} v l dam b i o c i c tfnh nang ky thuat ctia dpng ca
Cac ket q u i thuf nghiem ve ehi tieu phat thai chd t h i y
viec trien khai, n h l n rpng sif dung ludng nhien lieu LPG/
diesel cho c i c phuong tien giao thdng v i n tai se gop
phan quan trpng g i i m 6 nhiem mdi trudng
Nhdm t i e g i i de x u l t Chfnh phu v i cae Bo/Nganh
sdm x i y dung chfnh saeh hd trp eho viec u'ng dyng nhien
lieu khi trong giao thong van t i i d Viet Nam, ehu yeu nen
tap trung v i o c i e g i i i phap sau: m i e n / g i l m c i c loai thue
lien quan cho cac thiet bj ludng nhien lieu LPG/diesel; trp
gia khi LPG cho c i e xe autogas; g i l m phi dudng bd, cau
p h i cho phUdng tien cd sd dung nhien lieu LPG
1 Pham HOu Tuyen, Le Anh T u l n , Nguyen The TrUe,
Vu Khac Thien Nghien cdu sddung ludng nhien lieu LPG/ diesel tren dong ca diesel Tap chi Giao thong Van tai 2011 ;
1 + 2
2 V u A n v a n n k Nghien cCru sd dung luong nhien lieu diesel/khi hoa long (LPG) dong thdi chuyen doi dpng ca diesel tren xe buyt theo hudng phit hcyp nham giam thieu 6 nhiem moi trUdng tai cdc do thi Idn d Viet Nam V i e n D i u k h i
V i e t N a m 2 0 1 0
3 B l a c k m e r D o v e r C o m p a n y L / q u e / J e d g a s / i a n d 6 o o / c
2 0 0 8
4 F i t t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s Platinum series led map ecu under-bonnet LPG kit
5 D o o s a n I n f r a c o r e Maitenance Manual, Diesel Engine Dn46,D1146TI, Dii 46TIS
6 ww/w/.ch i p i t c o m a u
Study, design, installation and operating procedures for
buses using LPG/diesel fuel
D a o V a n T u a n , T r a n M a i K h o i , V u A n , N g u y e n T h i T h u H i e n
H o a n g M a i C h i , T a Q u a n g M i n h , L u o n g V a n T h u o n g , N g u y a n V a n N h a n
Vietnam Petroleum Institute
S u m m a r y
The use of the dual fuel LPG/diesel has been quite popular all over the world as one kind of alternative fuel and contributes to reduction of environmental pollution However in Vietnam, LPG/diesel trials have only been carried out on diesel vehicles for research purposes
In this paper, the principles ofthe design, installation and operating procedures of dual fuel vehicles will be presented Moreover, the authors make recommendations for using LPG on diesel engines and propose that some policies and mech-anisms to be developed for the sustainable development and effective use of LPG/diesel for transportation in Vietnam
Key words: Design, dual fuel LPG/diesel