Mô phỏng mức độ ô nhiễm môi trường nước biển khu vực ven biển phường bãi cháy, thành phố hạ long, tỉnh quảng ninh

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M O P H O N G M i r c D O 6 N H I E M M O I TRU'OfNG NU*6fC BIEN K H U VU'C VEN BIEN P H i r d N G BAI C H A Y , T H A N H P H O HA L O N G , T I N H QUANG NINH

D3ng XuSn Thiro-ng', Bam Thj H^nh', D6 Van Hai^ Hodng VSn Hung^'

' Trudng Dgi hoc Nong Idm - DM Thdi Nguyin 'Trudng Cao ddng Cgng ddng Lao Cai

TOM T A T

Nuac ta co viing biin r6ng han ba lin dien tich dit liin, la noi co nguon tai nguygn sinh vat vo ciing quy gid dong vai tro het siic quan trong doi vdi su ton tai va phat trien ciia dat nuac Tuy nhien, trong nhiing ndm gan ddy moi trudng nude viing ven bien phai doi mdt vdi tinh trang 6 Chdy la trung tam luu trii vd cac djch vu ven bd vdi quy mo quoc te, 6 nhilm m6i trudng nude bien da trd nen ngdy cdng nghiem trgng Nghien cim yeu to anh hudng dgn chdt lugng nude bien

vd mo phong mirc do 6 nhilm tai khu vuc ven bd phuong Bdi Chay, thanh pho Ha Long c6 :? nghTa quan trgng cho cong tdc quan ly moi trudng vd 1dm co sd cho sir phat trien du lich - dich vu Ket qua nghien ciiu da xac djnh dugc mgt so yeu to dnh huong tdi moi trudng nude va md phdng su lan truygn 6 nhilm tii cac diim quan trie

TCr kh6a: Yiu td dnh hudng, Mdi trudngven bien, nude biin, Bai Chdy, Hg Long

DAT VAN DE

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chung Bign va ven bign con la noi nhiiu

nganh kinh te cimg khai thac, nhieu do thi, du

lich va giai tri ven bign ke ca thg thao ciing

anh hudng tdi da dang sinh hgc bien

(Lg.V.khoa)

Nam trong viing du lich - thuong mai cua

vinh Ha Long, Bai Chay la trung tam luu trii

va cac dich vu ven bd vdi quy md quoc t i vdi

rit nhigu loai hinh khac nhau, van de d nhigm

mdi trudng nude bien trd nen ngay cang

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bign va md phdng mirc dp lan truygn d nhigm

tai khu vuc nghign ciiu va dg xuat bien phap cai

thien chit lugng nude, bao ve moi trudng vjnh

Ha Long theo hudng phat trien bin virng

* Tel 0989 372386 Email hvbungin74@yahoo com

VAT LIEU, PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtl Vat lieu nghien cuu

- Ban dd nen Bai Chay va cac tai lieu quan trac lien quan;

- Phieu dieu tra ve mot s6 ygu td anh hudng dgn chat lugng nude bien;

- Phin mim PRIMER version 5.0 va ArcGIS version 10.1

PhuoTig phap nghien cuu

- Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu vd tdi lieu sa cdp: Thu thap thdng tin dir lieu khdng gian va

dir lieu thudc tinh vi cac mat digu kien tu nhign - kinh te xa hdi, cac sd lieu hien trang quan trac va van ban phap luat, cac dinh hudng quy hoach cua dia ban nghign ciiu Kgt hgp phuong phap diiu tra, phdng vin va diiu tra thuc dia dg thu thap day dii thdng tin bign dgng tren thuc dia

- Phucmg phdp tong hap vd xir ly so lieu: Bao

gdm xu ly sd lieu trgn phan mim Excel va xir

ly sd lieu dieu tra tren phan mgm chuyen dung PRIMER 5.0 Cac sd lieu khac de kit ndi duoc trgn ArcGIS 10.1 cin xay dung theo cac trudng thudc tinh va cd trudng thugc tinh lam chia khda de ndi dii lieu khdng gian va giira lieu thugc tinh

- Phutmg phdp diiu tra thuc dia: Khao sat

thuc dia vi dac diim dia hinh khu virc nghign

ciiu va dieu tra vg cac ngudn thai ra khu vuc

nghien ciiu

- Phuang phdp bdn dd: Tdng hgp cac dif lieu

thu thap duoc va td chiic theo cac trudng cu

thi: ID, pH, do mudi, do due, diu ma, TSS,

amoni, Fe v.v su dung Kriging trong Arcgis

md phdng lan truyen d nhigm

KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ

Bang 1: Ket qud quan trdc tgi khu vuc

Hien trang moi trirdng nude ven hien

p h u ^ g Bai Chay nam 2014 Tai khu vuc phudng Bai Chay tign hanh quan trie tai 5 diem Dudi day la vj tri cua 5 diim quan trie: Diem Dl (Bgn tau du lich Bai chay: 107° 1'48.43"E va 20°56'37.65"N); diem D2 (Bai tim Bai Chay: 107° 2'5].44"E

va 20°57'5.11"N); diim D3 (GiiJa ciu Bai Chay: 107° 3'58.17"E va 20°57'32.99"N); diim D4 (Cang B12: 107° 3'46.76"E va 20''57'5I.70"N); diim D5 (Cang Cai Lan: 107° 3'20.37"E va 20°58'27.50"N),

Bai Chdy, thdnh phd Hg Long 2014

TT

1

2

4

( 7

9

10

ThBng s6

P "

D9 muoi

D9diic

Dau md'

TSS

Amdni

Fe

Mn

BODS

Conform

BoTi vi

-(%.)

NTU

mg/1

mg/1

mg/1

mg/1

(mg/l)

(MNP/100ml)

Dl 8,19

25 13,1

20 0,17 0,1 0,07 1,9

150

Vi tri quan D2 7,09

30 0,036

21 0,12 0,09 0,8

90

D3 8,18 20,1 0,322

16 0,11 0,08 6,9

20

trie

D4 7,98 27.1 24,05 0,8

18 0,145 0,09 0,1 1.35

135

D 5 7,78

24

28 0,405

20 0,18 0,1 0,07 6,9 2,1

250

QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Bai t a m

6 , 5 - 8 , 5

-0,1

50 0,1 0,1

>4

-1000

C i e noi khac

6 , 5 - 8 , 5

0,2

50 0,3 0,1

1000

So sanh cac chi tieu quan trac

Tdng hgp ket qua phan tich cua cac nam 2011, 2012, 2013, va quy I - 2014 cho thay 11 chi tieu quan trie eg su bien ddng qua cac nam rat khac nhau Trong dd chu y nhit la sir biin dpng ve diu

md, amoni tang len dang ke va gip nhigu lin so vdi tieu chuan cho phep

STT

1

2

4

6

8

10

11

Ten chi tieu

pH

D9 muoi

TSS

DSumS

Amoni

Zn

Mn

Conform

DO

BOD5

Don vj

(%.)

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/lOOmI mg/l mfi/1

2011 8.15 25.7 35.07 0,018 0.095 0.093

103 6.24 8.4

K i t q

2012

8.11 27.4

30 0.871 0.15 0.035 0.08 0.08

154 6.64 2.88

ua p h a n

2013 8.18 30.1

20 0.704 0.15 0.035 0.08 0.087

150 6.55 1.9

tich Quy 1-2014

8.05 30.4

18 0,81 0.17 0.032 0.09 0.087

150 6.64 4.03 Mot so yeu to anh den chat lugng moi truong nude biin khu virc phuang Bai Chay

Tong hgp 100 phieu dieu tra bao g6m: 40 philu di6u tra vS ddi tugng Idiich du lich, 40 phieu 46i tugng nguoi dan dja phuong, 20 phi6u d6i tugng quan ly Ti6n hanh x i ly so lieu va dung Primer phan tich dQ lieu ta thu dugc ket qua sau;

130

Bieu do 01: Mdi quan hi giiia cdc yiu td dnh hudng

din 0 nhiem nude bien khu vw-c nghien cuu (MDS)

Bieu dd tren ndi len ty le ddng dang ciia mdt

sd ygu td anh hudng dgn chat lugng nude

bien qua diiu tra nhdm ddi tugng khach du

Ijch tai khu vuc nghign ciiu cho thay he sd

tuong ddng cua cac ygu td bien dgng tu

83-100% (similarity) Trong do cao nhat la ygu

td ddng gdp tai chinh va xu ly nude thai cd h?

so tuang dong dat 99 %

Bilu 6b 02: Mdi quan hi giiia cdc yeu to dnh

hudng din d nhiem nude bien (PCA)

Qua 2 biiu do trgn cho thay yeu to trinh dp,

nghi nghiep va gidi ti'nh ciia khach du Hch rat

it anh hudng tdi su danh gia cac yiu td d

nhiem Vi ddi tuang dieu tra mang ti'nh chat

khach quan, nhirng cau tra Idi ciia cac ddi

tugng thudng dung vdi cam nhan, hg cd

nhung hiiu biet nhat dinh ve van de d nhigm

nude viing ven bign Tu bigu dd 02 cho thiy

cac yiu td cd mdi quan he khang kbit, anh hudng qua lai lan nhau Dac biet cac ygu td tren rit cd y nghTa, digu nay dugc the hien tren bieu dd 03 cac ygu td cd xu hudng gan nhau va hudng gin vao vi tri ciia gia tri 0 Tir thuc tiln qua trinh diiu tra va theo nhieu ngudi dSn tren dia ban, sd di d nhiem diu va rac nhu hien nay la do chinh quygn da cap phep cho qua nhigu tau du lich hoat dgng, trong khi kha nang thu gom, xu ly diu thai, chit thai cCia cac tau khdng dam bao Ben canh do khach du lich va ngudi dan cd y thiic kem viit rac biia bai Vi vay de bao ve mdi trudng dugc tdt ban can cd sir tham gia, ddng gdp cua ngudi dan, y thiic khach du lich va cdng tac quan ly tdt di san

Chinh vi vay, dg cai thien va dam bao mdi trudng viing nude ven bign sach dep, dam bag

he sinh thai thiiy sinh phat trien bgn virng, can phai cd nhirng bien phap thiet thuc tac dpng vao mot sd yeu td quan trpng cd anh hudng Idn trong so cac ygu td digu tra trgn

Md phong sir lan truyen 5 nhiem tu cac

diem quan trac

Qua qua trinh digu tra phan tich ta xac dinh dugc mdt sd ygu td quan trpng anh hudng tdi d nhiem ciia viing bien ven bd phudng Bai Chay Tii ket qua thu dugc ciia diim quan trie, tign hanh xay dung ban do lan truygn d nhigm SAN 06 VI r d QUAN TRAC VEN BIEN PHUONG BAI CHAY

Hinh 01: Vi tri 5 diem quan trdc tren viing biin phudng BSi Chdy

Kit hop vdi sd lieu thudc tinh cho cac diim quan fric, ta xay dung dugc ban dd sir lan truyin diu

md nhu sau:

BAN 0 0 MO PHONG LAN T R U Y E N DAU MO VEN B I £ N PhUONG BAI C H A Y

Hinh 02: Bdn do su lan truyin d nhiim ddu md

Tdng hgp cac chi tigu ta xay dung dugc ban dd tdng hgp cac chi tigu phan tich nhu hinh 03:

B A N B O M O P H O N G CAC CHl Tieu QUAN T R A C VEN B | £ N PHU-aNG B A I CHAY ThSnh ph6 Ha Long Tinh Quang Ninh

Hinh 03: Md hinh tdng hap cud cdc chi tieu d nhiim

Cac giai phap giam thieu 6 nhiim

Nhdm gidi phdp quan ly

- Giam sat nghigm ngat ddi vdi cac du an lan bign

- Tang cudng lire lugng kigm tra kiim soat, xu ly nghigm nh&ng trudng hgp vi pham cac quy djnh ve quan ly, bao ve Vinh Ha Long

- Phat trign tdt mdi quan be va tranh thu sir hd

trg cua van phdng UNESCO tai Ha Ndi, Td

chiic bao tdn thign nhien quoc t i (lUCN), Td

chiic bao ton ddng thuc vEit quoc te (FFI)

Nhom gidi phdp quan ly

- Giam sat nghiem ngat ddi vdi viec thuc

hien diing cac giai phap bao ve mdi trudng da

cam ket

- Dao tao, tap huan, nang cao nang lire va

nhan thiic cho can bd, nhan vign Ban quan ly

Vinh vi bao tdn di san va trach nhiem tham

gia bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai, cac boat

dgng phat trign du lich ben vung

- Tang cudng giao luu hgp tac vdi cac td

chiic, trudng D^i hgc, Vien nghien ciiu trong

nude va qudc tg, khu Di san thign nhign the

gidi va chuyen gia de trag doi, hgc bdi kinh

nghiem khoa hgc tien tign cho quan ly Di san

Nhdm gidi phdp ky thudt vd gidm sdt chdt

luang moi truong

- Diu tu thu nghiem he thdng nha ndi xi

mang ludi thep va nha noi vdi be ndi la nhua

plastic dg khac phuc tinh trang d nhigm mdi

trudng do phao xdp

- Ung dung he thdng Biofast de xii ly cho cac

nha ve sinh tai cac diem tham quan

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boat ciia ngudi dan va phuong an thu gom, xd

ly chat thai sinh boat con ngudi va ddi vdi cac

tau du lich

- Xay dung mang ludi diim quan trie mdi

trudng nude Da dang sinh hpc, tram tich,

phat bign-sdm cac d nhilm mdi trudng, cac

diem gay d nhigm va kign nghi xu ly

- Lign tuc diu tu, nSng cap trang thiit bi,

nhan luc de td chiic thu gom rac thai tai

nhiJng diim du Ijch trgn Vinh, tai cac lang

chai ndi va khu vuc dai ven bd Vinh

- Thuc hien cac phuang phap ly hgc, hda hgc,

sinh hgc xii ly nude thai trudc khi xa thai

KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI

Kit luan

Qua qua trinh nghien ciiu da dat dugc ket qua sau:

- Xac dinh dugc hien trang chat lugng nude biin va cac ngudn thai khu vuc phudng Bai ndi rigng va Vinh Ha Long ndi chung

So sanh su d nhigm qua cac nam de thay dugc diin biin chat lugng nude va anh hudng cua cac ngudn thai din chit lugng nude bien

va canh quan khu vuc nghien ciiu

Tu kgt qua dieu tra phdng van tdng hgp, phan tich mdt sd cac ygu anh hudng tdi mdi trudng nude ven bien Dieu tra 100 phieu cau hdi tap trung vao 3 nhdm ddi tugng dd la nhdm cac nha quan ly khu vyc nghign cii'u, ngudi dan dia phuong va khach du Ijch Bd phieu digu tra nay giiip nhan dinh dugc mot

sd ygu td mang tinh chit cam quan anh hudng den chat lugng nude bign ven bd dd la: vg hien trang chat lugng nude, cac loai chit thai, cac ngudn thai vao khu vuc va cdng tac quan

ly trgn dia ban phudng Bai Chay Tir do danh gia dugc cac ygu td gay d nhiem va dua ra bien phap dg khac phuc tinh trang d nhigm dd Xay dung dugc ban dd cac chi tigu gay anh hudng dgn chat luang nude va md phdng dugc sir lan truygn d nhigm tai cac digm quan trac Kien nghi

Dg cd ket qua nghien ciiu mdi trudng nude viing ven bd bien sSu sac hon, cd ti'nh tiing dung cao ban trong thuc tign cin:

- Hgp tac chat che vdi cac chuygn gia, vien nghien ciiu trong va ngoai nude, co quan, ban nganh dia phuang lign quan trong quan ly Vjnh Ha Long dg cd ngudn thdng tin dir lieu

sd lieu cap nhat mdi nhat

- Nghign cuu bd sung them cac ygu td anh hudng tdi mdi trudng nude biin vao bg phiiu cau hdi phdng van, ddng thdi digu tra tren dien rgng de ket qua cd tinh khac quan hon

- Tang cudng cdng tac nghien ciiu kit hgp ling dung cdng nghe va cdng tac nghign cuu

de cd dugc hieu qua nghien ciiu cao hon TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1 Michael Dennis, K Wayne Forsythe, Cameron

Hare, and Adrian Gawedzki (2012), Kriging Great Lakes Sediment Contamination Values

2 Michael A Mallin, Kathleen E WiUian^s, E ^ ^ l ^ J T ^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T S , Cartier Esham, and R Patrick Lowe (2000) Effect p a i i,„c Xay dung Ha Npi

of human d^elopmenl on bacteriological water 4, QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT (2008), Quy chuin

ky thudt qudc gia vi chdt luang nude bien ven bd quality „ , coastal watersheds Ecological ^ ^^ '^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^hvdmg Bai Chay, thinh phd

Applications 10:1047-1056 Ha Long (2013) Bdo ado hiin trgng mdi trudng

SUMMARY

STUDY OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE SEA

OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COASTAL AREAS BAI CHAY WARD,

HA LONG CITY IN QUANG NINH PROVICE

Dang Xuan Thuong', Dam Thi Hanh', Do Van Hai^, Hoang Van Hung''

'College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU

^ Lao Cai Community College

The sea area of Vietnam occupy three times of total land area, it has precious creatures resource that play an important role for the existence and development of the country However, the coastal water environment faces serious pollution and influence on the economic and social development

of the country in recent years In the reality Ha Long Bay, Bai Chay - residence center and services with an intemational scale, the issue of sea pollution has become more serious Facing the Quang Ninh Province has important meaning for the management of the environment and has basis for tourism development Study of factors through 3 main groups' factors (resident, tourists groups Simultaneously, emulating the spread of pollution from monitoring points helps us recognize the visual pollution of coastal water Thereby, People have solution to improve water quality that protect environment of a region of Tourism and Trading in Halong Bay

Keywords • Impact factor, environment coastal sea -water Bay Chay - Ha Long

Ngdy nhdn bdi:30/10/2014; Ngayphdn biin: 15/11/2014; Ngdy duyet dang- 05/3/2015

Phdn bien khoa hpc: TS Nguyin Thanh Hdi ~ Trudng Dgi hoc Ndng Lam - DHTN

Tel 0989372386 Email hvhungtn74@yghoo.com

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