ứng dụng logic mờ điều khiển nối lưới cho tubin gió sử dụng máy phát điện đồng bộ nam châm vĩnh cửu

UNG DUNG LOGIC MCf DIEU KHIEN NOI Li/cfi CHO TUBIN GIO APPLYING FUZZY LOGIC FOR CONTROL OF GRID CONNECTION OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WINDTURBINES Tom tit Nghi§n c i ^

UNG DUNG LOGIC MCf DIEU KHIEN NOI Li/cfi CHO TUBIN GIO

APPLYING FUZZY LOGIC FOR CONTROL OF GRID CONNECTION OF PERMANENT MAGNET

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WINDTURBINES

Tom tit

Nghi§n c i ^ si^'dung va khai thac Hkn qua ngudn nang luong tai tao ndi ehung va nguon nang lifpng gid ndi

rieng de phat dien co y nghTa thiet thUc den viec gi^m bien doi khi hau va giam sif phu thugc vao cac ngudn

nhien lieu hoa thachcdnguy CO can kiet,gay6nhiemmditruefng,fle dieu khien tuabln gio van hanh duoc toi

UK vdi van tdc gid nhSt dinh, thi he thdng phai tudieu chinh theo suthay dm cua van toe va hudng gio Cdng

nghe suf dung G C bo iKeu khien kinh ^en con gap nhieu han che trong he thdng dieu khien tUdieu chinh

6ai bao da dua ra difcrc ket qua mo phdng dieu khien ndi ludi cho tuabin gid s^ dung may phat ^en dong

bd nam cham v!nh cOu (PMSG) theo gi^i thuat logic md nham duy tri eong suat phat tdi da ciia he thong bat

chaptSi noi vdi he thong

Tirkhda: Nang luong t^i tao; nang lUOng gid;tuabin gio; PMSG; logic md

Abstract

The research on using and exploiting effectively renewable energy sources in general and wind energy

sources to generate electricity is meaningful to reduce thedimate change anddependence on fossil energy

sources which are at risk of both being exhausted and causing environmental pollufion For the purpose

of operating efficiently of wind turbine at a certain wind velocity the system must function and be

self-adjusted to the diange of wind speed and direction Conmilling technology based on classical controllers

still have many drawbacks in self-adjusted controlling The article gives the result of modulating

grid-connected control of an integrated wind turbine using PMSG, applied fuzzy logic algorithm to maintain

maximum capadty of the systems with disregard of connected power loads

Keywords: Renewable energy;Wlnd energy; Wind Turbine; PMSG; Fuzzy logic

NO Le Km Anh

TnffmgCaodang Cdng nghiep Tuy Hoa

Email tdh]ekimanti@gmail,com

l.OATVANO^

Ngay nay, nhu cau sCf dung nang

li/ong cCia con ngi/di ngay cang tang

Nguon nang gio la nguon nang luong

sach, khong gay 6 nhiem moi trudng,

dong thcfi tiem nang ve trQ lifong nang

Ngay nhan bai: 10/8/2014 Ngay chap nhan flang; 20/10/2014

luong gio 6 nudc ta rat Idn.Theo so lieu cua Ngan hang The gidi, tiem nang gio cua Viet Nam (d do cao 65m) rat kha quan, udc dat 513.360MW, Idn hcJn 200 Ian eong suat nha may thCiy dien Son

La va hon 10 Ian tong eong suat d u bao

cua nganh dien den nam 2020 Day se

la nguon nang luong co tiem nang de khai thac va bo sung vao nguon dien ludi qudc gia, thay the dan cac nguon nang lUdng hoa thach ngay cang can kiet va cai thien dUdc moi trUdng sdng Cdng nghe hien nay cac tuabin gio thudng sd dung hai loai may phat dien PMSG va DFIG, nhung khi yeu cau may phat dien dieu khien d toe do cao, thudng sd dung may phat dien PMSG Viec Lfng dung logic md dieu khien noi ludi cho tuabin gid sd dung may phat dien PMSG nham hudng den phat trien ludi dien thong minh va dieu khien linh hoat cac nguon nang luong tai tao

2 HE THONG DIEU KHI^N U6\ Ll/Cri TUABIN Gl6 SKf DUNG MAY

P H A T D I | N DONG Bp NAM C H A M VINH CLTU (PMSG)

2.1 Khai niem he thong dieu

khien noi lUdi

Trong lUdi dien nhd (microgird) noi ehung va ludi dien sddung tuabin gid ndi rieng, ve phUOng thdc van hanh, cd hai phUdng thdc van hanh 0 6 la van hanh doc lap va van hanh noi ludi, cho

du la van hanh doe lap hay van hanh noi ludi, dieu phai dam bao van de on dinh he thong va chat luong dien nang phai nam trong gidi han tieu chuan cho phep Bai bao de xuat phucJng thdc van

S o 2 4 2 0 1 4 • Tap (hi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 1 5

IMiMLlilltMCONG NGHE

Hinh 1 So do can triic co ban he thdng dieu khien ndi ludi tuabin gid sif dung

may phat dien PMSG

hanh noi lUdi, khi cd nguon dien gio noi vao ludi phan phoi

He thdng noi ludi bao gom: Tuabin gid sd dung may phat

dien PMSG bao gom eac thanh phan co ban nhd hinh 1, He

thdng tuabin gid qua may phat dien Chora dien ap (AC), qua

bp chinh lUu (AC/DC) dien ap ra mot chieu (DC) Va dien ap

mot chieu nay duoc dua den bo ehuyen doi hai trang thai

(DC/DC), sau do den bp nghjeh luu (DC/AC) eho ra dien ap

xoay chieu (AC) va thUc hien ndi ludi

2.2 Mo hinh tuabin gio

Theo [1], eong suat cua tuabin gid duoc tinh theo bieu

thdc:

(1) Trong do: P^: Cong suat dau ra cua tuabin (W); C (X,P): He

so bien doi nang lupng (la ty so gida toe dp dau canh X va gdc

c^nh p); A, Tiet dien vdng quay cua canh quat (m^); p: Mat dd

cua khong khi, p - 1,255 (kg/m^); v la van tdc gid (m/s).Td

bieu thdc (1) ta thay van tdc gid la yeu to quan trpng nhat

cua cdng suat; eong suit dau ra tang theo luy thifa 3 van tdc

He sd bien doi nang lUOng CJ,X j3) cua bieu thdc (1) theo

[2], dupe tinh nhu sau:

Nhd ta da biet ty- so toe dp dau canh tuabin gid va toe dd

la: X trong do oj toe dd quay cua tuabin, R ban kinh

cua tuabin, v van toe cua gio Mdmen cua tuabin gio duoc tinhnhusau:

OJ 2 X (4)

Mat khac tuabin gid cd the van hanh theo cac quy tac dieu khien khac nhau tuy thuoc vao toe dp cOa gio Difdng eong bieu dien moi quan he gida P^ va toe dp gdc, (hinh 3)

Td cac bieu thdc (1), (2), (3), (4) da phan tich d tren, mo hinh

tuabin gid duac xay ddng tren Matlab/Simulink vdi thong

so dau vao toe do gid, toe do cCia may phat dien va thongs6 dau ra mdmen, (hinh 4)

, = C p ( ^ , | i ) i

C^(>., p ) = 0.5176 ( — - 0 , 4 p - 5)e '• - 0.0068 X, '(2)

vdi J - = ] 2:2!i (3)

X, ?.+ 0.08p 1 + p '

Hinh 2 la dUdng eong bieu dien moi quan he gida C va X,

Hinh 2 Dirdng eong mdi qjan he gida C vaA

25 30 35 «0 45 SO SS

Tac dl) gdc

Hinh 3, Dudng eong moi quan giUa P^ va tdc do gdc

Hinh 4 M6 hinh tuabin gid

2.3 M6 hinh may phat dien PMSG

Mo hinh may phat dien dong bp nam cham vinh cuU (PMSG) cd hai loai he true tpa do ddpc sd dung: he tpa doa0 gan cd dmh vdi stator va he tpa dp dq con gpi la he tpa cid tda hudng t d thong rotor, Theo [3], phdong trinh dong dien

va dien ap eua PMSG bieu dien tren he tpa dp dq nhd sau:

di.d 1 • ! - „ 1

" - ^ « * (51

dt

dt

1 1 Vp

T „ "• L „ '" ' I (6)

Trong do: L^^ dien cam Stator do d vi tri dinh cUc; L^ dien cam Stator do d vi tri ngang cue; ip t d thong cue (vTnh cilu);

T ^, T ^ la hang s6 thdi gian Stator tai vj tri dinh cdc PhaeJng trinh momen tinh nhd sau:

-1Kb ( L „ - L „ ) ]

m

I ^ i - ^

Hinh 5 Mo hinh may phat dien PliflSG

Dda vao cac bieu thdc (5), (6), (7) (hinh 5) de xay dung mo

hinh PMSG tren Matlab/simulink

3 XAY DLTNG B O D I ^ U K H I I N M d

Viec xay ddng bp dieu khien md dua vao so do cau true

c0 bcin he thdng dieu khien md, nhd hinh 6 gom 4 khoi: khoi

md hda, khdi hop thanh, khoi luat md va khoi giai md

Hinh 8 Gia trj ngd ra cua tap mcf

Luat suy dien md neu (if) thi (then) dupe sd dung de

dieu chinh linh hoat cac he so K^ K, theo quy luat sau: neu

sal so la nhd (S) thi Kp, K, be (S); neu sai sd la Idn mang gia tri

am (NL) thi K^, K, Idn (NL); neu sai so la Idn mang gia tri dUong

(PL) thi Kp, K, Idn (PL) Giai md ddpc sd dung ky thuat giai md

centroid cho cac he so K^ K,, nhu hinh 9,10

Hinh 9 Quy luat thay doi cua K^

Hinh 10 QuyluatthaydoicuaK,

3.2 Bo dieu khien md PI cho dong dien

Theo [5], bp dieu khien md PI cho ddng dien bao gom hai thanh phan {1^, 1 ) Bp dieu khien md PI cho dong dien cung tdcJngtU nhu bp dieu khien md PI dien ap, chi khac la cac gia trj cCia 3 tap md ngd vao va 3 tap md ngo ra Luat hpp thanh neu thi va ky thuat g i l l md centroid

- Bd dieu khien md PI cho ddng 1^^ vdi cac tap gia tri md ngovaova ngo ra, nhu hinh 11,12

H'inh 6 So do cau true co ban he thdng dieu khien md

3.1 Bo di^u khien md PI cho di^n ap

Theo [4], bp dieu khien md PI cho dien ap sd dung ham

lien thuocTrapmf cho tap md ngd vao va ngd ra.Ti'n hieu sai

lech ngo vao bao gom 3 tap md NL, S, PL (Negative large

Small, Possitive large) vdi cac tap gia tri md, nhu hinh 7

Hinh 11 Gia trj ngd vao cua tap md

Hinh 12 Gia tri ngd ra cua tap mb

Giai md dUOc sd dung ky thuat gi^

he so K^K|, nhu hlnh 13,14

md centroid cho cae

Hinh 7 Gi^ tri ngo vao cua tap md

Tin hieu ngd ra cung bao gom 3 tap mdNL, S, PL (Negative

large, Small, Possitive large) vdi cac tap gia tri md, nhU hlnh 8

Hinh 13 Quy luat thay doi cua Kp

Hinh 14 Quy luat thay doi cua K|

- Bp dieu khien md PI cho ddng Isq vdi cae tap md ngo vao va ngd ra, nhuhinh 15,16

HEEHIS-CdNGjyiGHi

U

Hinh 15 Gia tri ngo vao cua tap mo

H"inh16.Giatringdrac{iatapmd

G i l i m d d d p c s d d u n g ky t h u a t g i a i m d c e n t r o i d c h o eac

h e s 6 K p , K , , n h U h l n h 1 7 , 1 8

Hinh 17.Quy luat ttiay ddi cua K,

Hinh 18 Quy luat thay doi eua K^

• W h o n x e f ; T r o n g h e t h o n g d i e u k h i e n b p d i e u k h i e n PID

b a o g o m 3 k h a u : P: t y le, (: t i c h p h a n , D; v i p h a n C o n b p d i e u

k h i e n PI b a o g o m : P: t y le, I: t i e h p h a n Ky t h u a t d i e u k h i e n d d i

h d i d a p d n g n h a n h ( n h u d i e u k h i e n d d n g d i e n , t o e dp ) t h i

t h u d n g d u n g b p d i e u k h i e n PI, m a c k h a c m d m e n q u a n t i n h

c u a m a y p h a t d i e n PMSG la h a m bae n h a t , n e n d u n g b d d i e u

k h i e n PI la p h u h p p h o n so v d i d u n g b o d i e u k h i e n PID

Cae b i e n v a o ra c u a t a p m d s d d u n g b d d i e u k h i e n PI v a

cae (uat h p p t h a n h cua b p d i e u k h i e n m d (1^^, 1^) d d p c t h e

hienhlnh19,20va21

\ I

Hinh 19 Ngd vao va ngd ra eua PI dieu khien mci

Hinh 21 Cac luat hop thanh eua 1,^

4 X A Y D U N G M 6 H i N H V A M 6 P H O N G T R E N M A T U B

S I M U L I N K

4 1 X a y d u m g m o h i n h t r e n M a t l a b - S i m u l i n k

- T i n h t o a n t h o n g s o c u a d d d n g d a y ( h l n h 22):

D o a n d u d n g d a y (L^) c d c h i e u d a i 0 , 5 k m

D i e n t r d t r e n d d d n g d a y : R^^ 0 , 3 5 6 n / k m x 0,5km =

0 , 1 7 8 Q ; d i e n k h a n g t r e n d U d n g d a y : X ^ ^ 0,3226Q/km x

0 , 5 k m - 0 , 1 6 1 3 0 ,

D o a n d u d n g d a y ( L ^ c o c h i e u d a i 0 , 4 k m

D i e n t r d t r e n d U d n g d a y : R^ - 0 , 2 4 2 6 O / k m x 0,4km =

0 , 0 9 7 0 4 0 ; d i e n k h a n g t r e n d d d n g d a y : X ^ - 0 , 3 6 1 4 n / k m x

0 , 4 k m = 0 , 1 4 4 5 6 0 ,

D o a n d u d n g d a y (L^, L^, L^) c d c h i e u d a i 0 , 1 k m , sddung

c u n g l o a i d a y d a n v a t i e t d i e n d a y b a n g n h a u , n e n dien trd

t r e n d U d n g d a y : R , - R^- R, - 0 , 4 3 7 O / k m x 0,1 k m = 0,04370;

d i e n k h a n g t r e n d d d n g d a y : X j = X ^ = X 5 - 0 , 3 0 2 n / k m x O , 1 k m

- 0 , 0 3 0 2 0

Hinh 22, So So tinh toan cho dudng day

Bang 1 Cac thong sd to ban cua PMSG Cdng suat may phat

So cue(p) Tdc dd rotor (u) Bien trd Stator (Rs) Dien came Stator (Ls) Mdmen Tif thong

6kW

2

175 rad/s 0,4250 8,4 mH

40 Nm 0,433 Wb

4.2 Ket q u i mo phdng tren Matlab - Simulink

=i:n_:

Hinh 23 Cac bd dieu khien mcf

Hinh 24 iJng dung logic md mo phdng dieu khien ndi ludi cho tuabin gid SLTdung may phat dien PMSG

4.2.1 Kit qud md phdng khong c6 bo dieu khien md (hinh 25-30}

./'

T a i thay doi y

Hinh 25 Tdc Sd cua rotor (rad/s)

Hinh 26 Cac dac tinh mdmen

Tai thay doi

- s r u / V t * — • • * • - ^ • —

Hinh 29 Ddng dien ndi tudi U (A)

'^'"«iVJ''i!i»l

HJnh30.QienapnmlirdiU,»{V>

•M!WJ!Miic6NGNGHE

4.2.2.Ketquam6ph6ngcdb6dieu^khienmdJhinh31-36)

' Momen CO

Momen dien

•i«iMi>iMiwiiimiiiiiiin«iM»*itBi

Hinh 32 Cac dac tinh momen

y

iiinh 34 Cong suat phan Idiang O(Var)

5 K^T L U A N

Qua ket qua md phdng ta thay, dng dung logic md de

dieu khien noi ludi eho tuabin gid sd dung may phat dien

PMSG da phat huy ddi da cdng suat phat ra cua tuabin, tai

thdi diem t - 0,1s ddng tai noi lUdi, ta thay bd dieu khien

md t u dieu chinh va cae gia tri ludn lam viec d trang thai

on djnh so vdi khi khdng dung bd dieu khien md Md hlnh

dieu khien noi ludi nham hudng den viec phat trien ludi dien

thong minh va dieu khien noi ludi linh hoat eho cac nguon

nang lUOngtaitao

Phan bien khoa hoc: PGS TS Tran Bach

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1], Saikumar,Saravanan,R,v,Sandip, vijaysndhar, "Modeiling and control of

a Wind Turbine using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator" International

JoumalofEngineeringSeieneeTeehnology(IJEST),2011,

[2], CMBhende, S.Mishra, "Permanent Magnet Synchronous

Generator-Based Standalone Wind Energy Supply System" IEEE Transactions on Sustainable

Energy, 2011

[3], Alejandro Rolan, Alvaro Luna, Gerardo Vazquez, Daniel Aguilar,"Modeling

of Variable Speed WindTurbme with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator"

IEEE Intermation Symposium on Industnal Electronia, 2009

[4j Huynh Quang Minh, Nollet Frederic, Essounbouli Najib, Hamzaoui

Abdelaziz, "Control of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine for

stand-alone system using fuzzy logic" France, 2011,

|5j, Evgenije Adzk, Zoran Ivanovic, Milan Adzic, Vladimir Katie, "Maximum

Power Search in Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Logic Control" Acta Polytechniea

Hungarica, 2009