ĐẢO NGỮ (INVERSION) I Đảo ngữ là gì? Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh Ví dụ She never goes out on Sunday (câu thường[.]
Trang 1ĐẢO NGỮ (INVERSION)
I Đảo ngữ là gì? Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước
chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh
Ví dụ: - She never goes out on Sunday (câu thường)
=> Never does she go out on Sunday (câu đảo ngữ – người viết/nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến việc
không bao giờ của cô ấy) (Cô ấy không bao giờ ra ngoài vào Chủ nhật.)
II Các cấu trúc của câu đảo ngữ
1, Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định)
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V
(không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì.)
Ví dụ: Peter rarely studies hard => Rarely does Peter study hard (Hiếm khi Peter học hành chăm chỉ.)
2, Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
* Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V… (Nếu như… thì …)
Ví dụ: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping
=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping
(Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.)
* Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V (Nếu như … thì …)
Ví dụ:
If I had money, I would buy that car => Were I to have money, I would buy that car
(Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.)
If I were you, I would work harder => Were I you, I would work harder
(Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)
* Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII (Nếu như … thì …)
Ví dụ: If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache
=> Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache
(Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.)
Chú ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên.
Trang 23 Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc
Ví dụ: No sooner had he come than she left => Hardly had he come when she left
(Ngay sau khi anh ấy đến thì cô ấy rời đi.)
4, Đảo ngữ với until
It was not … until that…: mãi cho đến khi
=> Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …
Ví dụ: It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me
=> Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me
(Mãi cho đến khi tôi làm mẹ tôi mới biết mẹ yêu tôi đến nhường nào.)
6 Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ cách thức (trạng từ)
Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ: Beautifully did she sing (Cô ấy đã hát rất hay.)
7 Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):
Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ: Very often have we tried to do it but we fail
(Chúng tôi đã cố gắng làm rất nhiều lần nhưng đều thất bại.)
8, Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place):
Phó từ + V + S
Ví dụ: Here comes the fall (Mùa thu đã tới đây.)
9, Hình thức đảo ngữ với now, thus, then, here, there
- Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.
Trang 3Ví dụ: There comes the bus = There it comes (Xe buýt đã tới rồi.)
10, Đảo ngữ với so … that và such… that
So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that… (đến nỗi mà)
Ví dụ: This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times
=> So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times
(Cuốn sách này thú vị đến nỗi mà tôi đọc nó rất nhiều lần.)
SUCH + BE(chia) (+ A/AN) + N + THAT + S + V + O
Hoặc:
SUCH (+ A/AN) + N + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O
Vd: - Such is a beautiful girl that all boys love her (1 cô gái quá đẹp đến nỗi bọn con trai đều thích)
hoặc - Such a beautiful girl is she that all boys love her.
11, Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf)
Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf)
Ví dụ : No books shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on
(Từ bây giờ tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nào nữa.)
12, Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY
Only one: chỉ một
Only later: chỉ sau khi
Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này
Only in that way: chỉ bằng cách kia
Only then + trợ động từ+ S+ V: chỉ sau khi
Only after+ N: chỉ sau khi
Only by V_ing / N: chỉ bằng cách này/ việc này
Only when + clause: chỉ khi
Only with + N: chỉ với
Trang 4 Only if+ clause: chỉ nếu như
Only in adv of time/ place: chỉ lúc/ở
Only … + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 1 mệnh đề)
hoặc Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 2 mệnh đề)
Ví dụ:
Only one time did I meet Obama (Tôi chỉ được gặp Obama mỗi một lần.)
Only when I talked to her did I like her (Chỉ khi tôi nói chuyện với cô ấy thì tôi mới quý cô ấy.)
12, Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: không một lúc nào
On no condition: không với điều kiện nào
On no account : Không một lí do nào
Under/ in no circumstances: không một trường hợp nào
For no searson: không một lý do nào
In no way: không một cách nào
No longer: bây giờ không còn nữa
No where: không một nơi nào
Ví dụ:
Under no case should you leave here
Trong bất cứ trường hợp nào bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi đây.
No longer does he live next to me
Bây giờ anh ấy không còn là hàng xóm của tôi nữa.
13, Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also….
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also….
(không những mà còn)
Ví dụ: Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully
(Không những anh ấy giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát rất hay.)
Trang 5Bài 1 Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1 He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone
=> So
2 He hardly bought a new bike when he had an accident
(1) => Hardly (2) => No sooner
3 The thief ran away
Trang 6(1) => No sooner (2) => Scarcely
10 If you had followed the advice, you would have succeeded
Bài 2 Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 She had never been so happy before
=> Never before………
Trang 72 I have never heard such nonsense!
Bài 3 Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 One rarely finds good service these days
Trang 86 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
=> Little………
7 He has seldom seen anything stranger
=> Seldom………
Bài 4 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 He is my friend as well as yours
Trang 9Bài 5 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang
5 A sleeping dog was lying under the table
=> Under the table _
6 His brother had rarely been more excited
Trang 105 They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
=> Only
Bài 7 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1 If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win
Trang 111 If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.
Bài 9 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1 The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach
Trang 13=> Only _
6 I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you
=> Never
7 A sleeping dog was lying under the table
=> Under the table _
8 His brother had rarely been more excited
Trang 1419 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
Trang 1533 He has seldom seen anything stranger
Trang 1647 If you meet her, please call me!
a will be she love b she loves c she won't love d she will love
2 Not only _ but she is also very intelligent
a she is beautiful b beautiful she is c is she beautiful d beautiful is she
3 No sooner _ out that it rained
a did I go b I went c had I gone d I had gone
4 Seldom _ the guitar
a he plays b does he play c he doesn't play d he does play
5 Hardly _a word whether son came back
a couldn't she say b she could say c she couldn't say d could she say
6 Often _ a meeting
a do we have b we do have c have we d we have
7 Many a time _ he wants to marry me
a said he b he said c has he said d he has said
8 Only at weekend _ my kids to Water Park
a I don't take b do I take c I take d I do take
9 So old _ that she couldn't dance
a She wasn't b she was d wasn't she d was he
10 _ here yesterday, you would have met me
a Were you b you were c Had you been d You had been
11 On the battle field _
a the tanks did lie b the tanks lay c did the tanks lie d lay the tanks
Trang 1712 At no time _ greater opportunities.
a did women had b has women had c does women have d have women had
13 Not once into her eyes
a he looked b does he looked c did he look d looked he
14 _ has the work bee so easy
a Never b only by c When d For
15 Now here _ such cooperative staff
a you can findb you found c you could find d can you find
16 Never before _ in an carnest attempt to resolve their differences
a have the leaders of these two countries met
b the leaders of these two countries have met
c have the leaders of these two countries meet
d met the leaders of these two countries
17 Not only the child, but also the grandparents _
a is joining b joins c were joining d has joined
18 Seldom _ a newspaper
a buys Anna b does Anna buy c bought Anna d Anna does buy
19 Not only at the post office, _ at the grocery store
a does Mary work/but she also works b works Mary/but she also works
c does Mary work/but does she also work d had entered she
20 No sooner _ the house than the phone started to ring
a had she entered b she had entered c entered she d had entered she
Exercise 2
1 Only by saving money _ a house
a he buys b he can buy c can he buy d buy she
2 Not even once _ the truth
a he tells b he tell c tells he d has she told
Trang 183 Choose the correct inverted form.
a Into the room came the teachers
b Not only lazy she is but she is naughty
c No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another
d A and C are correct
4 Not only _ beautiful but she is graceful as well
a did she b she was c is she d she is
5 No sooner _ than he begins to be washed
a is a human being born b was a human being born
c a human being born d a human being had been born
6 Seldom _ treated like that
a I have been b am I c I am d I had been
7 Over there _ the shop that sells souvenirs
a is b are c has d have
8 Never before _ such a disaster
a they suffer b they have suffered
c had they suffered d they had suffered
9 Only if I had known the difference _ the more expensive car
a would I bought b I would have bought
c would I buy d would I have bought
10 Neither Mary nor her friends _ going to the party
a is b are c was d a or b
11 Only once a day _ home
a does Mary leave b left Mary c Mary leaves d will Mary left
12 Only once a day _ home
a we can speak b can we speak c we speak d we cannot speak
13 Many a time _ this mistake
Trang 19a he makes b he has made c did he make d will he make
14 Never _ the exact cause of earthquakes
a scientists discovered b did scientists discovered
c do scientists discover d have scientists discovered
15 Nowhere else _
a they can go b can they go c they can't go d can't they go
16 Only when at home _ her children
a does she scold b she scolds c has she scolded d she has scolded
17 Not a penny _ me
a did he give b he gave c he has givend he has gave
18 No longer _ women bear a lot of children
a does b did c doing d do
19 Among them _ several sacks of white flour
a were b is c be d are
20 On a hill in front of them _ a great castle
a standing b stand c to stand d stood
Exercise 3
1 "This store has such high prices"
"I agree Never again _ here"
a I wll shop b will I shop c I do shop d shop I
2 "Is this machine often in need of repair?"
"No, _ problems to arise"
a Seldom don't we expect b We expect seldom
c Seldom we expect d Seldom do we expect
3 "I can't see the stage very well from here"
" _"
a Neither can't I b Neither I can c I can't neither d Neither can I
Trang 204 Not until the early 1900s _ to vote in the United States.
a women were allowed b were women allowed
c they allowed women d when women were allowd
5 Only recently _ a favourite sport in the United States
a has jogging becomeb has become jogging
c when jogging became d as jogging has become
6 "This is one of the oldest trees in the world"
" _ such a big tree"
a Never I have seen b I haven't never seen
c Never have I seen d I have seen never
7 "What happened to jean' new car?"
"No sooner _ it than someone ran into her"
a had she bought b she bought c did she bought d she ad bought
8 "I would like to apply for the sales position you advertised"
"I'm sorry No longer _ applications for that position"
a are taking we b we are taking c are we taking d we taking
9 Amoebas reproduce by dividing _
a and other protozoans b as do other protozonas
c other protozonas do too d we taking
10 _ a higher concentration of people than in Tokyo and Mexico City
a nowhere there is b Nowhere is c Nowhere is there d Nowhere there ins't
11 "Did you like your trip Niagara Falls?"
"It was beautiful Hardly ever _ such a spectacular sight"
a can see you b can you see c see you d you can see
12 "Can children swim in this pool?"
"Yes However, at no time _ alone"
a shouldn't they swim b they should swim
Trang 21c should swim they d should they swim
13 Only during the early twentieth century _ in the United States
a liquor was prohibited then b that liquor was prohibited
c when liquor was prohibited d was liquor prohibited
14 "I don't like this tossed salad very well"
"Nor _"
a I do b I do either c do I d I like it either
15 Not only _, but he also plays the piano and writes his own songs
a does Billy Joel sing b Billy Joel sings
c If Billy Joel sings d what Billy Joel sings
16 Nowhere _ more prevalent than in warm, swampy places
a mosquitoes are b mosquitoes is c are mosquitoes d is mosquitoes
17 Only when the ground is kept moist _ germinate
a grass seeds will b will grass seeds c grass seeds does d does grass seeds
18 Not until Columbs discovered America _ to Europe
a was bananas brought b bananas were brought
c were bananas brought d bananas was brought
19 Never gain _ Greta Garbo appear in films after he retirement in the forties
a was b do c is d did
20 Rarely _ professional boxers remain active beyond the age thirty-five
a do b did c are d were