đề cương văn học anh 1 dành cho dân ngôn ngữ anh

Question 6 1 His toys are carefully stowed away in a long box on top of the wardrobe, in case they would ever come in handy đồ chơi của anh ấy được sắp xếp gọn gàng cẩn thận trong một chiế.

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Question 6:

1 His toys are carefully stowed away in a long box on top of the wardrobe, in case they would ever come in handy

đồ chơi của anh ấy được sắp xếp gọn gàng cẩn thận trong một chiếc hộp để trên tủ quần áo, trong trường hợp này chúng không còn được sủ dụng nữa

2, mother said we could not afford a new car now /

Mẹ nói rằng bây giờ chúng ta không có đủ tiền để mua một chiếc xe mới

3, I put a chair under the window, and a stick out my head /

Tôi đặt chiếc ghế cạnh cửa sổ , và gạt bỏ mọi suy nghĩ trong đầu

4,I attached no importance to my mother's advice /

Tôi không còn để tâm đến những lời nói của mẹ nữa

5 father had an extraordinaty capacity for amiable inattention

Bố đã có một khả năng phi thường khi không chú ý đến tôi

6, I began to think that God wasn’t quite what he was cracked up to be

Tôi đã bắt đầu nghĩ rằng Chúa không như nhũng gì người ta nói

7, he was taking up more than his fair share of money

Ông đã có những chia sẻ công bằng về tiền bạc

8, father stared incredulously at his watch

Bố tôi nhìn đồng hồ một cách đầy ngờ vực

9, I was all against having to go out and beg like the old woman on Fridays

Tôi sẽ phải ra ngoài và di ăn xin như bà cụ già vào thứ sáu

10 the injustice of her behaviors got me down

Mẹ đã có những hành vi bất công với tôi

Question 7:

1 Father was in the army all through the war—the first war, I mean

Bố đi lính suốt cuộc chiến - ý tôi là - chiến tranh thế giới lần thứ nhất.

2 Up to the age of five, I never saw much of him, and what I saw did not worry me.

Cho đến khi tôi lên năm, tôi chẳng gặp ông nhiều, và những gì tôi nhìn thấy chẳng làm tôi

lo lắng

3 Sometimes I woke and there was a big figure in khaki peering down at me in the candlelight Đôi khi chợt tỉnh giấc, tôi thấy một dáng người to lớn mặc đồ ka-ki đang ngắm nhìn mình dưới ánh nến

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4 Sometimes in the early morning I heard the slamming of the front door and the clatter of nailed

boots down the cobbles of the lane

Đôi khi vào lúc sáng sớm, tôi nghe tiếng đóng cửa trước và tiếng giày ống nghiến lạo xạo trên sỏi đường vào nhà

5 These were Father’s exits and entrances.

Những âm thanh này là âm thanh lúc Bố về và ra đi

6 Like Santa Claus he came and went mysteriously.

Như ông già Nô-en, ông đến rồi đi hết sức bí ẩn

7 In fact, I rather liked his visits, though it was an uncomfortable squeeze between Mother and

him

Thực sự, tôi cũng thích những chuyến viếng thăm của ông, mặc dù phải chen lấn rất khó chịu giữa mẹ và bố.

8 He smoked, which gave him a pleasant musty smell, and shaved, an operation of astounding

interest

Ông hút thuốc, làm ông có mùi ngai ngái dễ chịu, và cạo râu, một hoạt động làm tôi hết sức tò mò.

9 Each time he left a trail of souvenirs.

Mỗi lần ông đều để lại một loạt những món quà lưu niệm.

10 There was a bit of the magpie about Father.

Bố là người thích tích góp những vật vặt vãnh.

Question 8

1 After that I went into Mother’s room and climbed into the big bed

Sau đó tôi đi vào phòng mẹ và leo vào cái giường lớn

2 She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes

Mẹ tỉnh giấc và tôi bắt đầu kể mẹ nghe về kế hoạch của mình.

3 After breakfast we went into town; heard Mass at St Augustine’s and said a prayer for Father, and did the shopping

Ăn sáng xong chúng tôi vào thành phố; dự lễ Mi-xa ở nhà thờ St Augustine và cầu nguyện cho Bố, rồi đi mua sắm.

4 If the afternoon is fine we either went for a walk in the country or a visit to Mother’s great friend in the convent, Mother St Dominic

Nếu buổi chiều đẹp trời hoặc chúng tôi đi dạo ở miền quê hoặc viếng thăm người bạn tuyệt vời của Mẹ ở nữ tu viện, Mother St Dominic.

5 Mother had them all praying for father

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Mẹ nhờ họ cầu nguyện cho bố,

6 Every night, going to bed, I asked God to send him back safe from the war to us

khi đi ngủ, tôi cầu xin Chúa đưa bố về với chúng tôi an toàn.

7 Little, indeed, did I know what I was praying for!

Mặc dù còn nhỏ nhưng tôi biết mình đang cầunguyện gì!

8 One morning, I got into the big bed, and there, sure enough, was Father in his usual Santa

Claus manner

Một sáng nọ, tôi leo vào chiếc giường lớn, và không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa, bố đang nằm đó,theo kiểu Ông già Nô-en thường khi của ông

9 but later, instead of uniform, he put on his best blue suit, and Mother was as pleased as

anything

Nhưng sau đó, thay vì mặc đồng phục, ông lạimặc bộ đồ vét xanh đẹp nhất của ông, cònMẹ thì hết sức hài lòng.

10 I saw nothing to be pleased about, because, out of uniform, Father was altogether less

interesting

Tôi chẳng thấy gì để hài lòng cả, vì, không mặc đồng phục, bố hoàn toàn chẳng thú vị bằng lúc mặc đồng phục.

Question 9

1 The crew of the ship was mostly “scalawags” that no respectable captain would employ them

➔ Trên tàu chủ yếu là đoàn người vô dụng nên họ không được người đội trưởng trọng dụng

2 The fire smoldered for many days, inside the coal

➔ Ngọn lửa cháy âm ỉ trong nhiều ngày qua trong đống than

3 These were the men without the drilled- in habit of obedience

➔ Đây là những người đàn ông luôn không có thói quen tuân thủ

4 The people’s memory about him was everlasting

➔ Ký ức của mọi người về anh ta ta luôn luôn được ghi nhớ

5 The ship would burst out suddenly fore and aft before they can clear out

➔ Đột nhiên con tàu bị vỡ ra từ phía trước và phía sau trước khi mọi người kịp thoát thân

6 He told us that it was part of our duty to save for the underwriters as much we could of the ship’s gear

➔ Ông nói với chúng tôi rằng đó là một phần nhiệm vụ của chúng tôi để tiết kiệm cho chủ tàu cũng như bảo vệ các thiết bị trên tàu.

7 The captain was very quiet, but off his balance, evidently

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➔Vị đội trưởng khá yên lặng nhưng rõ ràng là đã mất sự bình tĩnh

8 We let some heavy things slip overboard on the quiet

➔ Chúng tôi để cho một số vật nặng trượt từ trên mạn tàu xuống biển 1 cách nhanh chóng

9 I was ordered with two hands into the boats to get them ready for the time when it would be proper for us to leave the ship

➔ Tôi nhận được lệnh xuống tàu chờ thời điểm thích hợp để sẵn sàng cho chúng ta rời khỏi tàu

10 I had not only my share of the work, but also had to keep at two men who showed a constant inclination to lay themselves down and let things slide

➔ Tôi đã không chỉ đảm nhận việc của mình mà còn phải coi chừng hai người đàn ông luôn có ý định chịu khuất phục và bỏ mặc tất cả.

Question 10

1 For anything I know, I may have some wild ideas of running all the way to Dover when I gave

up the pursuit of the young man with the donkey cart

Đối với bất cứ điều gì tôi biết, có lẽ tôi có một số ý tưởng điên rồ tìm mọi cách để đến Dover khi tôi đã từ bỏ theo đuổi công việc vớ vẩn như người đàn ông trẻ tuổi với chiếc xe lừa kéo.

2 I sat down on a doorstep, quite spent and exhausted with the efforts I had already made

Tôi ngồi xuống ngay trước cửa, hoàn toàn mệt mỏi và kiệt sức với những cố gắng tôi đã thực hiện.

3 I trudged on miserably, though as fast as I could, until I happened to pass a little shop,

Tôi lê bước một cách khổ sở, càng nhanh càng tốt , cho đến khi tôi tình cờ đi ngang qua một cửa hàng nhỏ

4 My late experiences suggested to me that my selling the waistcoat might be a means of keeping off the wolf for a little while

Theo kinh nghiệm gần đây của tôi khiến tôi nghĩ rằng việc bán chiếc áo ghi lê của mình có thể là một cách thoát khỏi kẻ thù trong chốc lát.

5 A plan had occurred to me for passing the night, which I was going to carry into execution

Một kế hoạch đã xuất hiện trong đầu tôi vào đêm qua, điều mà tôi sẽ mang theo thực hiện

6 It cost me some trouble to find out Salem House; but I found it,

Nó khiến tôi gặp một số khó khăn để tìm ra căn nhà Salem; nhưng tôi vẫn tìm thấy nó.

7 I lay down again and slept - though with a knowledge in my sleep that it was cold

tôi nằm xuống và ngủ- mặc dù trong tiềm thức trong giấc ngủ của tôi rằng trời rất lạnh

8, I had not sufficient confidence in my friend Trades

tôi không có đủ niềm tin vào đối tác làm ăn của mình.

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9 At last I found one that I thought looked promising.

Ít nhất thì tôi đã thấy một điều rằng suy nghĩ của mình có vẻ đầy triển vọng.

15 The morning had worn away in these inquiries

Buổi sáng tôi đã nghĩ đi nghĩ lại những thắc mắc ấy.

Question 11

Hope is a short story written by John Galsworthy included in a book called “A commentary” The story’s title is Hope however it illustrates a picture of a poor lam man.

He had been a deep-sea fisherman After an accident, his leg had shrunk and become shorter than it should have been Getting away from sea, he drags his shrunken limb though the ground, finding groundsels- food for cages canaries, to earn some pennies for him and his wife’s life.

Through the story the seaman appears as a self- respected, courage, optimistic, and responsible man He is self- respected because he takes no advantage of his lame leg His customers may thing that he wanted to take something of of his lame leg In fact, he earn do that if he likes.

However, he is too self- respected to receive any advantage from his lame leg The story trikes a deeper chord of our sympathy and emotion.

Answer

He used to be a depth seaman After an accident, his leg had shrunk and become shorter than it should have been Getting away from sea, he drags his shrunken limb through the ground, finding groundsels – food for caged canaries, to earn some pennies for him and his wife’s life Through the story, the seaman appears as a self-respected, courageous, optimistic, and responsible man.

Question 12

There are 3 characters in the story: Larry-protagonist, his mother and father Write about

a little boy Larry and the relationships with his parent A young boy of 5, Larry, who grows

up in his own safe world with just himself and his mother He is attached to his mother and wants her to belong only him and consider his father rival for her attention Everything was fine when his father was away for war because Larry got all the attention and love from the mother He is very angry when his mother take care his father Larry is jealous of losing his mother’s undivided attention When the father returned from the war, Larry felt that he had to share his mother with his mother and disliked that Then, Larry tried to do everything he could to get to his mother’s attention and started seeing his father as his rivial

Answer: The war was the most peaceful period of his life He is attached to his mother and wants her to belong only him and consider his father rival for her attention.

Everything was fine when his father was away for war because Larry got all the attention and love from the mother He is very angry when his mother take care his father Larry is

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jealous of losing his mother’s undivided attention When the father returned from the war, Larry felt that he had to share his mother with his mother and disliked that.

Question 13

Hope is a short story written by John Galsworthy included in a book called “A commentary” The story’s title is Hope however it illustrates a picture of a poor lam man.

He used to be a depth seaman After an accident, his leg had shrunk and become shorter than it should have been Getting away from sea, he drags his shrunken limb through the ground, finding groundsels – food for caged canaries, to earn some pennies for him and his wife’s life Through the story, the seaman appears as a self-respected, courageous, optimistic, and responsible man He is self-respected because he takes no advantage of his lame leg His customers may think that he wanted to take something out of his lame leg In fact, he can do that if he likes However, he is too self- respected to receive any advantage from his lame leg.

He is courageous because he is a trier form year’s end to year’s end in spite of his illness If any other man was in his condition, they may die or drop out But this old man is different;

he always says “I hold on till I drop” In the story, the author also compares the old lame man with a clipped-wing bird The bird has clipped wings; the man has a lame leg But both try to regain the air: “On such occasions his gray blue eyes, which had never quite lost their look of gazing through sea – mists, would reflect the bottom of his soul, where the very bird of weariness lay with its clipped wings, forever trying to regain the air.”

He is optimistic because he believes in the future In the story, the author wrote: “To the dispassionate observer of his existence it was a little difficult to understand what attraction life could have for him …” It is clearly that people cannot understand what attracts him in his blacken life and what helps him to put up with “the blackness of his continual tolls and pains” The writer also explained: it seems, on the whole, unreasonable was worse in this life And in the matter of a life to come, he would dubiously remark: “My wife‘s always telling me we can’t be worse off where we’re going And she’s right, no doubt, if so be as we‘re going anywhere” It means that there is nothing worse than his current condition; therefore, he always looks forward to the future.

He is responsible because he tries to care his family He has many things to thought of his gouty rheumatism, of herrings for his tea (his family’s meal), of his arrears of rent, not only

of his lame leg Obviously, his supports for himself and his ill wife without any help show his responsibility

John Galsworthy devoted virtually his entire professional career to creating a fiction but entirely representative family of propertied Victorians – the Forsyte However, there are some short stories that strike a deeper chord of our sympathy and emotion….

Question 14

To help readers get an overall understanding of the story “My Oedipus Complex”, the explanation of the phenomenon “Oedipus Complex” and the short summary have been introduced A thorough insight, however, of the story asks for more careful analysis, especially about the main character of the story – Larry It can be said that his distinct characteristics are fully and impressively depicted with the author’s special writing technique

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Larry appeared at the beginning of the story as a five year old little boy Like other children of the same age, he was typically childish and nạve, which was expressed throughout the story with his specific actions and thinking During the 1st world war, he lived with his mother since his father was in the army He saw that his house was the only house in the terrace without a new baby He talked that with his mother, but she said they

“couldn’t afford till father came back from the war because they cost seventeen and six” How do you think about this explanation? It’s simply a joke or a trick for children because they are so nạve and simple Larry should leave readers deep impression when he compared: “The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knows that they couldn’t afford seventeen and six” This led him to think of “a cheap baby” and his mother “wanted something really good” For the little boy, the presence of a new baby was just like the appearance of “something” new which could be bought at high or low price The detail could refer a new baby in Larry’s eyes to a doll How childish he was!

When he mother asked him to pray for his father, he “asked god to send father back safe from the war” Unlike his mother, “little indeed did I know what I was what I was praying for” That made obvious difference between adult’s thinking and that of a child He did that just as following his mother’s word, not for anything else

His childish characteristic was also described through the way he realized the world around him Under the eyes of a five year old child, every action of his parents was seen from a very different angle

When he walked with his father into the town, with his own observance, his father “had no proper interest in trams, ships and horse” Only children with their childish psychology should pay attention to such things, but should not adult, of course

In the world of a child, very normal things sometimes also put in serious actions and that’s the case of the little boy As he saw, …

At tea time ‘talking to Daddy’ began again, complicated this time by the act that he had an evening paper, and every few minutes ,he put it down and told mother something new out

of it I felt this was a foul play…”

That his mother talked to his father is a very serious thing and has great effects on him Readers also see the phrase “talking to Daddy” is put in quotation mark elsewhere in the story when Larry showed his childish attribute

Being childish is one of the most notable characteristics of the main characteristics of the main character In addition, the boy was also characterized with jealousy of a child He was jealous of no one but of his own father With the man’s presence in his house, Larry had to witness squeeze between mother and him and that made him feel “uncomfortable” His mother could have hugged him only before his father turned back from the war Now his mother seemed to give her love to “the total stranger”, not to him anymore He was envious with what the man was receiving and he had to gain what should belong to him, he thought.

“Man for man, I was prepared to compete with him at any time for mother’s attention” The unpleasant feeing of jealousy was on surge in his souk when his father “had it all made

up for him by another people, it left me no chance Several times I tried to change the subject without success” He even felt jealous when his mother talked with his father, not

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with him He had been familiar with the self-centered world in which his mother gave all her love and care to him.

That world now seemed to having gone far away due to the man’s being, his jealous feeling was certainly inevitable, and it could be even said that all his feelings towards his father derived from his jealousy to him

Readers may wonder why Larry did such actions with his father Was his so childish to learn their relationship or any other reasons? The answer might even lie in his selfish personality being more likely to prevail since his mother once gave all her love to him It seemed that he now had to share the exclusive privilege to a “total stranger” His being selfish made him “rack my brain to know what to do with him” He even though “Either father or I would have to leave the house I wanted to be treated as an equal in my own home” He felt uncomfortable when his mother let the man sleep in the same bed, which she had once said to be unhealthier In his eyes, it was obvious that she was so partial with the man For his father, his mother asked him to be quiet, not to wake the man “I wanted to talk He wanted to sleep – Whose house was it, anyway?”

The above characteristics are the main ones associated with the little boy Larry Apart from these, he was also imagine and sensitive How beloved he was when he imagined the talk between Mrs Left and Mrs Right when putting his feet out from under the clothes In his invented drama situation, the lifeless objects also had their own personalities Mrs Right was “demonstrative” and Mrs Left was “mostly contented herself”.

His sensitivity was seen clearly through his psychology in the morning when he woke up with his promise of not waking his father “I didn’t feel in the least like the sun in deed I was bored and so very, very cold I simply longed for the warmth and depth of the big feather bed”.

Question 15

As an orphaned ten years old Jane lived with the Reed family who despised her at Gateshead Hall Mrs Reed decides to send Jane off to school at Lowood The head master,

Mr Brocklehurst was cruel and hypocritical in his preaching For a short period Jane teaches at Lowood Jane leaves Lowood and gets a job as Mr Rochester’s foster daughter, Adele’s governess at Thornfield Even though Jane’s master is a little harsh, Jane eventually finds Rochester to be fascinating and attractive in his own way Mr Rochester proposes to Jane when he confesses his love for her and she accepts But their wedding is interupted by the discovery that Rochester is already married to a nad women he keeps locked away on the 3 rd floor Jane decides to leave the Moor House St Johns slips a letter under her door Its content asks her to consider marrying him Jane leaves the house after informing Diana and Mary that she will be gone for several days She goes back to Thornfield At a nearby inn, she learns what had occurred at Thornfield Mrs Rochester had been sly Rochester helped everyone out of the house He tried to convince Mrs Rochester to come down from the mansion’s flaming roofs Unfortunately, she jumped off the roof to her death As a result of the incident, Mr Rochester is blind and has a mutated hand But Jane reunites with him and they marry.

Answer: How was Mr Rochester after the fire?

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After the fire his one eye was knocked out, and one hand so crushed He was helpless, indeed- blind and a cripple.

Question 16

Youth is a short narrative, largely autobiographical It is about a young sailor’s 1 st voyage

to the East Everything went contrary on the journey The ship, Judea, was old and leaky, and had to return to port to be repaired There were continual heartbreaking delays before she put to be again The ship run into furious storms an began to leak again, so that for days on the end men had to pump to keep her afloat Then in the Indian Ocean a fire started As the Judea was carrying coal, the fire was difficult to put out, and now water had

to be pumped into her to prevent her from burning The fire smoldered for many days, and just when seemed to have been got under, there was a violent explosion Eventually, another ship came to the rescue and began to tow the Judea on her way.

Answer: 2.How was the characteristics of the crew on board stated by the writer?

These were men without the drilled-in habit of obedience They would be a lot of profane scalawags without a redeeming point They all knew well enough how to laze and shirk Question 17

The development of Jane Eyre’s character is central to the novel In the extract (when Jane, after living far from her master for a long time, decides to come back to Thornfield Hall), Charlotte Bronte portrays her Jane Eyre as a strong-willed and decisive, devoted to love and faithful woman with sensitivity despite her physical unattractiveness.

In fact, Jane is not physically attractive, “Nobody but him thought her so handsome She was a little small thing, they say, almost like a child” - says the inn-keeper However, she possesses her own inside beauty with many good virtues

Jane is described as a woman of strong will and determination When St John tries to persuade Jane to marry him and go to India with him to become a missionary’s wife, she refuses gently but strongly “My spirit is willing to do what is right; and my flesh, I hope, is strong enough to accomplish the will of Heaven…” She decides to terminate her musings “I will know something of him whose voice seemed last night to summon me” She is not very well but she does not want to waste any second to meet her beloved master so she decides to

go to Thornfield Hall alone in such an overcast and chilly morning Her feelings now are like “the messenger- pigeon flying home” which expresses her excitement and joy

Besides, Jane is faithful and devoted to love Refusing strongly St John’s proposal shows that Jane is very faithful to her true love - Mr Rochester She lives far from her lover for a long time and now she is rich, and a young man who loves her very much is still waiting for her but she always thinks of her beloved master She is so worried about him that she decides to meet him as soon as possible The way she calls Mr Rochester “my beloved master” lets the readers see how much she loves and admires him In the past, a year ago when on the road to Thornfield, Jane was so hopeless and objectless but now she is very happy because she is on the way returning to her true lover However, inside her, happiness

is mixed with worries She is worried a lot about her master’s fate, if he is stone-dead or not When she sees Rochester’s mansion, she stops at distance and a little bit hesitates but her love and decision are so strong that she grows very “bold and reckless” The desire for

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seeing him again is much greater than any natural force Her heart seems to stop beating when the man says “the late Mr Rochester”, and when she knows her master is still alive,

“I breathed again, my blood resumed its flow… God bless him wherever he was.”

Especially, Bronte has made the readers realize Jane’s great love for Mr Rochester when Jane decides to come back to her master and look after him even he is now useless, stone-blind and a cripple She wonders a lot of things in her mind with many questions: “Who besides him is there? His lunatic wife; and you have nothing to do with him: You dare not speak to him or seek his presence You have lost your labor, you had better go no farther.” She wants to meet her beloved master but she is afraid that he is beside his wife and she surely has nothing to do with him Gradually, she gets confused “Could I but see him! But a moment, surely, in that case, I should not be so mad as to run to him? I cannot tell – I am not certain…Who would be hurt by my once more tasting the life his glance can give me? ” She neither wants to be hurt nor makes her beloved master do She is too sensitive There exist many contradictions and complicated feelings within her However, above these, her love for her beloved master is greater than everything on the earth.

Question 18

In the extract “The sequel of my resolution”, David is described as a courageous, determined, strong- willed, but sentimental boy “The sequel of my resolution” describes the journey of David from London to Dover to find his aunt David seems to be very sentimental about the things around He feels sorry for Mr Dolloby when this man tells him that he would rob his family if he bought David’s waistcoat at the price David requires David is too kind to realize the trick of Mr Dolloby He is unhappy for the man’s family while that man does not feel sorry at all when he cheats a small, poor child like David The first day sleeping outside alone, he thinks “Never shall I forget the lonely sensation of first lying down without a roof above my head” David always thinks of his mother and aunt His mother’s picture in his mind encourages him on the way to Dover On the road David also meets ruffians who abuse him The ferocious tinker, who robs David’s silk handkerchief, knocks the woman going with him right in front of David’s eyes Witnessing these things, David says “I never shall forget seeing her fall backward on the hard road, and lie there with her bonnet tumbled off, and her hair all whitened in the dust; nor, when I looked once from a distance, seeing her sitting on the pathway, (which was a bank by the roadside), wiping the blood from her face with a corner of her shawl, while he went on ahead.” Despite difficulties, loneliness, hunger and thirst, David proved to be very courageous and determined He claims “In the midst of my distress I had no notion of going back” When he sells his jacket to an old, cunning man, though the old man denies paying David money; despite the scary, David tells him “humbly” that money is what he wants and

“that nothing else was of any use” to him And though David is so scared that each time the old man induces him to consent to an exchange he is filled with tears, he resists all these overtures and sits outside the shop waiting patiently for the money or the jacket Another example of David’s determination is that after the incident with the tinker, when he sees any of these people coming, he turns back until he can find a hiding-place, where he remains until they has gone out of sight Finally, after many struggles David finds his aunt’s house Acknowledging she is a sharp, gruffish and formidable woman who does not stand anything, David is still very brave when waiting to introduce himself and make his first impression to her with ragged shoes, dusty sunburnt, half-clothed figure, and tangled hair.

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