ddng thdi phat buy the manh tir thuc tien phat trien dat nude de xay dung mdt md hinh phat trien cdng nghiep mui nhgn, cd kha nang canh tranh, chiem ty trgng dang ke tai thi trudng trong
Trang 1HIEN TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN NGANH CONG NGHIEP DAU KHI VIET NAM
Trong xu the toan ciu boa va hdi nhap
kinh te qudc te vi the ciia Viet Nam dang
ngay cang dugc khing dinh Cdng nghiep
Viet Nam ndi chung va nganh Dau khf ndi
rieng dang hgc hdi kinh nghiem ciia cie nude
di trudc ddng thdi phat buy the manh tir thuc
tien phat trien dat nude de xay dung mdt md
hinh phat trien cdng nghiep mui nhgn, cd kha
nang canh tranh, chiem ty trgng dang ke tai
thi trudng trong nude va qudc te; cd khi nang
tao bieu irng lan toi din dit va keo theo su
phat trien ciia cac nganh cdng nghiep khac
Chi nhu the nganh cdng nghiep Viet Nam
mdi tao ra nhirng diem nhan nhirng budc tie'n
manh me riit ngan nhanh khoing each ddi vdi
cac nude khac Md hinh i'y se tao nen bin sac
PHAM MANH HA cdng nghiep Viet Nam trong ky nguyen mdi
-ky nguyen toan cau hoi va hdi nhap kinh te qudc te
I HIEN TRANG NGANH DAU KHI VIET
NAM
L Tim kiem va tham dd Dau Khi Vdi vai trd la khau diu trong cdng nghiep dau khf cdng tic tim kiem tham dd ludn dugc Chinh pbii Viet Nam quan tam dau
tu ca ve ky thuat cdng nghe Day dugc xem
la mdt trong nhirng hoat ddng quan trgng nhat ciia Tap doan diu khi Viet Nam Muc tieu giai doan nay la xac dinh tiem nang va gia tang trir lugng diu khf, phat hien them nhieu
md mdi dim bao nhu ciu ve sin lugng dau khi cho dit nude
^^ ^_^^ Nam
Niroc ^~~^
Viet Nam
Ngoai khoi
Dat lien
1996
4
4
0
Bang 1
1997
3
3
0
1998
3
3
: Sd gian kh
2000
7
7
0
2001
7
6
1
oan th
2002
8
8
0
am dd
2003
7
7
0
dang boat ddng
2004
10
8
2
2005
12
10
2
2006
14
12
7
*-2007
15
13
2
2008
16
14
2
Ngudn: Tap doan dim khi \ iet Nam
khi den nay dugc trien khai nhanh tren dien rdng tir dat lien, den them luc dia va cac viing dac quyen kinh te tren bien Tir khi Luat diu tu
ra ddi (12/1987), den nam 2(X)5 trir lugng diu khi phat hien lien tue gia tang rat dang ke
Bieu do 1: Tru lugng dau khi phat hien gia tang hang nam
DKhi
Qua tim kiem tham dd cho den nay cac
tinh toan du bao da kbang djnh tiem nang diu
khi Viet Nam tap trung chii yeu d them luc dia
(phan dat lien chi cd 2 phat bien ve khf) Diem
ndi bat trong cdng tic tim kiem tham do diu
1988 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Ta't ca trir luong dau ciia cac be dugc trong dd cd md Bach Hd la md dau Idn nhat phat hien cho den thdi diC-m hien tai deu d
thc'm luc dia dudi 200m nude Trong sd
nav cd 24 phat bien dau khi d be Cuu Long
Pham Manh Ha, IhS, V len nghien cuu Moi
Iruong va Phat trien ben vung
m
Trang 2Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
Viet Nam; 27 phat hien khi (hoae kbi
-diu) phan bd d cac be Nam Cdn Son
Malay - Thd Chu, Ciru Long va Sdng
Hong Tuy nhien, do dac diem hinh thanh
va phat trien rieng cua tirng be tram tich,
nen tiem nang ciia be dau khi ciia mdi be
cd khac nhau vdi cac dac trung chinb ve
diu khi da phat hien d eic be nhu sau:
- Be Cuu Long: Chii yeu phat hien dau
trong dd cd mdt so md dang khai thac (Bach
Hd, Rdng, Rang Ddng Ruby, Luc Ngge, Su
Tir Den, Phuong Ddng) Diy la be cd tiem
nang chiira nhieu diu md nhai Viet Nam va
hien tai be dang trong giai doan phat trien
dinh cao
- Be Nam Cdn Son: Day la be phat hien ci
diu lin khf, trong dd ed 1 md dau Dai
Hiing; 1 md khi Tay Lan Dd dang khai
thac Mdt sd md khf (08 md) dang phat
trien va dua vao khai thac trong thdi gian
tdi (Rdng Ddi, Rdng Ddi Tay, Hai
Thach )
- Be Sdng Hong: Tai day, chii yeu phat hien
khf, trong dd md khf Tien Hii C va D14
dang dugc khai thac, mdi so phat hien khi
khac d phia Nam be Sdng Hong Nhin
chung miirc do tham dd d be Sdng Hong
cdn rat thip
- Be Malay - Thd Chu: Phat hien ca dau va
khi Trong dd cd 1 md khi d viing chdng
lin giira Viet Nam va Malaysia dang dugc
khai thac (Bunga Kekwa - Cai nude) Phia
Bic eiia be (Viing giip them luc dia Thai
Lan), chu yeu phit hien khi Mdt sd md
dang dugc thim dinh (Kim Long, ac Quy
Ca Voi Hoa Mai, Sdng Ddc )
- Be Phii Khanh: Cac danh gia gia dinh ve
Phii Khanh cho thiy d day cd ca diu va
khi Vdi vi tri dia ly gin bd gin cac nha
may che bien dang trong giai doan xay
dung, neu dau khi d md Phu Khanh dugc
xac dinh rd rang hon ve tiem nang va sdm
dua vao khai thac thi day se la nhirng uu
the rd net ve thi trudng tieu thu
- BeTu Chinh - Vung May: La be cd trien
vgng dau khi dii tai day chua cd cac boat
ddng khoan tim kiem tham dd Hien be
dugc cac dinh gia thdng nhat la tdn tai ca
diu va khi
Trir lugng dau khi Viet Nam da xac minh gia tang nhanh trong 15 nam qua Nhin chung nhieu phit hien diu khf thugc loai md ed cau triic phiirc tap md khi cd bam lugng CO, hoae HiS trung binh boac cao Hon nira, cdng tie tham dd mdi tap trung d viing nude ndng (200m) vdi tdng dien tich cic Id da ky hgp ddng chiem 1/3 dien tich them luc dia Nhirng phat hien ve dau khf mdi day d them luc dia phia Nam nude ta da tang them niem tin va thu hut su quan tim ciia cac nha diu tu la: Id 09-2, gie'ng Ci Ngir Vang - IX (ket qua thir via thu dugc 330 tin diu va 170.000m' khi/ngay) Ld 16-1 gie'ng Voi Tring - IX (ket qua 420 tin diu va 22.000m' kbi'/ ngiy) Ld 15-1 gieng
Su Tir Vang - 2X (820 tan diu) va gieng Su Tir Den - 4X (980 tan diu/ngay) Trien khai tim kiem tham dd md rdng cac khu md Bach
Hd, Rdng Dai Hiing vdi cac gieng R-10, 05-DH-10 cho kei qui 650.000 m' khf ngiy dem
va ddng dau 180 ti'n/ngay dem; Gieng R-10 khoan ting mdng da cho kei qui 500.000 m' khi/ngay dem va 160 tan Condensate/ngay dem Tiem nang diu kbi chua phit hien d dien ti'ch cdn kha Idn Day la co hdi, ddng thdi Cling tiem an nhieu thach thiire boat ddng tham dd tim kiem ciia Tap doan dau khi Viet Nam
Den nay Tap doan da ky 57 hgp ddng dau khi (35 hgp ddng cdn dang cd hieu lire), vdi cie tap doan va cdng ty diu kbi qudc te' dudi nhieu binh thiire hgp tie khac nhau nhu: Hgp ddng phan chia sin phim (PSC), Hgp ddng hgp tic kinh doanh (BCC), Hgp ddng dieu hanh chung (JOC), Lien doanh (JV) vdi tdng vdn diu tu tren 7 ty USD Tip doan diu khi Viet Nam da tie'n hanh khao sat tren
300 nghin km tuyen dia chin 2D gin 40 nghin km" dia chin 3D khoan 600 gieng tim kiem tham dd thim lugng va khai thac vdi tdng sd met khoan tren 2.0 trieu km Mdt sd gieng khoan cd phat hien diu khi quan trgng trong thdi gian gin diy, da md ra cac quan diem tim kiem tham dd mdi, gia tang trir lugng diu khi, tao ra su quan tam ciia cac nha diu tu: Phat hien kbi tai gieng Ddng Quan D-IX, viing triing Ha Ndi, phai hien diu khi tai gieng Rdng Tre -IX Id 11-2 phat bien dau tai GK 16-1-TGT-lX Id 16-1 va
15-Nghien ciru Phit then ben virng, so 2 (23) - Thing 6/2009
Trang 3Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
1-SN-lX Id 15-1,15-R, 103-BAL-lX, gia
tang trir lugng 30-40 trieu tan quy diu/nam
Vdi tiem nang nay birc tranh diu khi
Viet Nam ngay cang trd nen rd net Muc
tieu gia tang trir lugng diu kbi trong nhieu
nam trd lai day lien tue dugc hoin thanh
vdi miirc tir 30 - 40 trieu tin diu
2 Khai thac Dau - Khi
Mdt nam sau ngay thanh lap, ngay
25/7/1976, nganh diu khf da phit bien ngudn
khi thien nhien diu tien tai gieng khoan sd
61 d viing Triing Sdng Hong Nam nam sau,
Bieu do 2: San lugng
thing 6 nam 1981, ddng khi cdng nghiep d
md kbi Tien Hai da dugc khai thac de dua vao phuc vu sin xuit Ngiy 26/6/1986, Xi nghiep Lien doanh dau khi Viet - Xd da khai thac tan diu dau tien tir md Bach Hd, ghi mdt mdc da'u quan trgng - Viet Nam da cd ten trong danh sach eic nude khai thac va xuat khau diu thd tren the gidi, khing dinh mdt trien vgng hua hen cho nganh cdng nghiep diu khf dat nude Ke tir dd, sin lugng khai tbic dau khf Viet Nam tang len khdng ngirng
khai thac Dau - Khi
1986 1994 1985 1996 1997 1993 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 K 4
hoach 20O9
• Khai thac Dau D Khai thac Khi
Cac du in tim kiem tham dd va khai
thac diu khi, cd dac thii riii ro cao, cdng
nghe hien dai, vdn dau tu Idn Vi viy, trong
xu the hdi nhap, boat ddng hgp tic qud'c te
phai chii ddng va sang tao de dip irng yeu
ciu thu hiit dau tu nude ngoii vao Viet
Nam Trong thdi gian qua Tip doan diu
khi Viet Nam da thanh cdng trong viec keu
ggi diu tu nude ngoii, diy manh chuyen
giao cdng nghe va dao tao va xiirng dang
dugc Nha nude Viet Nam giao phd viec
kie'm soat, quin ly va phat trien nganh cdng
nghiep diu khf Hien nay, cd khoang 39
cdng ty dau khf nude ngoai, den tir 34 qudc
gia dang hoat ddng tai VN, trong khudn khd
27 du an khac nhau, vdi tdng diu tu hon 7
ty USD Viet Nam dung hang thu 4 trong
khu vuc ASEAN ve trir lugng diu kbi vi
dirng thir 3 ve khdi lugng khai thac bang
nam
Nhim dam bao an ninh nang lugng cho
dai nude, ben canh vice md rdng boat ddng
tham dd khai thac d trong nude Tap doan dau khi Vict Nam da ti'ch cue trien khai diu tu tim kiem tham dd, khai tbic diu khf d nude ngoii Hien tai, Tap doan da va dang trien khai tbinh cdng boat ddng tim kiem, tham dd (Id 433a va 416b), Iraq, Mdng Cd Budc diu mang lai nhung tbinh cdng ding khich le nhu viec khai thac diu tir md Cendoz (Ld PM-304 Malayxia), phat hien mdi cac md dau d Ld SK-305 (Malayxia) hay d Angieri va Iraq
Ld diu khf diu tien tai md Cendor - Id PM304 tai Malaysia - da mang ve cho Viet Nam nhirng ddng ngoai te diu tien khai thac dugc tir nude ngoai 'Trong tuong lai khdng
xa, tiem nang to Idn tir cac md "vang den" eiia Viet Nam d ngoai nude, dugc ky vgng se ddng gdp die lire vao sin lugng khai thac diu khi ciia Tip doan diu khi Qudc gia Trong thdi gian tdi Tap doan diu khi Viet Nam tich cue nghien ciiru, danh gii tim kiem cac co hdi diu tu tai mdt sd khu vuc cd tiem nang d chau Phi, Nam My,
Nghien ciru Phat then ben vifng s6 2 (23) - Thing 6/2009
Trang 4Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
Trung Ddng Ddng Nam a va cac nude
thugc Lien Xd cu, Tim kiem tham dd dau
khf d nude ngoai, nhat la cac cdng ty xuyen
qud'c gia se tao ra nhirng cii hich quan
trgng thiic day kinh te - xa hdi Viet Nam
phat trien trong thap ky tdi
2.1 Khai thac vd tieu thu dau
Bang 2:
Viet Nam hien cd 7 md diu dang boat ddng khai tbic sin xuat ra 7 chiing loai diu thd cd thdng sd khac nhau: Bach Hd Rdng Dai Hung, Ruby, Rang Ddng Bunga Kekwa/ Cai Nude v i Su Tir Den Nhin chung ca 7 loai diu thd nay deu thugc loai chit lugng cao dat mii'e gia cao hon diu thd ehuin Brent tren thi trudng the' gidi
San lugng khai thac a cac mo
Dem VI: t.000 Idn
Ten m o
Bach H o
R6ng
Dai Hung
PM3
Ruby
Rang Dong
Su Tir Den
Tong
1998
SL 8.95
506
304
250 -10.016
% 85,5 5.0 3.0 2.5
-100
2000 i 2002
SL 10.178
512
320
290
560
750 -12.610
% 80.7 4.0 2.5 2.3 4.5
6
-100
SL 11.596
528
360
330 1.054 1.346
%
76.2 3.5 2,4 2.2 6.9 8.8
i
15.214 100
2005 1
SL 11.900
600
420
390 1.240 1.450 -16.000
% 1
74 3,8 2.7 2.5 7.88 9,12
-100 1
Cudi thing 2 nam 2009 nha may Igc diu sd
1 Dung Quit da cbfnh tbiirc dugc van hanh vdi dir
kie'n nhap dau thd tir tap doan BP.Tinh den thdi
diem nay khdi lugng xuai khau dau thd ciia Vict
Ngudn: Tap doan dau khi Viet Nam
Nam tuong duong vdi sin lugng khai thac Xuat khiu dau thd ciia diu khf Viet Nam chii yeu dugc thuc hien xuai khiu true tiep, tu tham gia dam phan ky ket vi thuc hien hgp ddng
Bieu do 3: \uat khau, doanh tliu va nop njjan sach nha nuoc
(Trieu tan) 2 8 0 05('^9^'""''°"9'
T 300
m - • 280
21 3 4 X • • 260
^ l ^ - V ^ - - 240
220
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 K^
hogch
2009
I iXiiat khau Dau •Doanh thu Nop ngan sach nha nu'dc
Ngudn: 'lap doan dau khi \ iet Nam
Neu nam 1997 chiing la xuat khau 9.7
trieu tin va dat doanh thu 18,5 ti ddng;
nim 1998 xuai khau gin 12 trieu tan dau
va doanh ihu hon 19.000 ti ddng (tang
22% sin lugng xuai khiu, va 2% doanh
thu) thi nam 1999 Vict Nam xuat khau
14.8 trieu tan (lang hon 25% so vdi nam
1998) va doanh thu dai htm 32 ty ddng
tang hon 68% doanh thu so vdi nam 1998 Trong sudt 10 nam dac biet la giai doan
2000 -2005 sin lugng khai thac va xuat khiu dau thd ciia Viet Nam da lien tue tang trudng trung binh khoang 11%/nam Nam 2004 nhu da de cap gia diu thd lang kha cao nen doanh thu xuii khiu dat han 114 ti ddng Nhirng nam tiep theo
Trang 5Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
sin lugng xuit khiu tuy cd giam di trdng
tha'y (nam 2005 giam gin 6% so vdi
2004; nam 2006 giim 5% so vdi 2005),
nhung doanh thu xuit khiu lai tang dot
bien, tang 34% eiia nam 2005 va <52%
ciia nam 2006, so vdi doanh thu xuat khau
ciia 2004 Ben canh cac ye'u td do tinh
hinh thi trudng tieu thu diu thd tren the'
gidi cd nhieu bien ddng thuan Igi, thi gii
diu tang cao da tic ddng khdng nhd den
ke hoach sin xuit v i xuit khau Tren san
giao dich tai nhirng thdi diem nam 2005
va 2006, dac biet la nam 2008, ehi sd
index diu khf ludn cao Gii diu thd cd
nhiJng thdi diem len tdi 147 USD/thiing
vao thing 7, cham ngudng 149USD/thiing
trong phien giao dich ngay 24/11/2008,
thie't lap mdt mure gia cao nhat trong lich
sir Nguyen nhan chinb sir leo thang cue
nhanh eiia gia diu la ddng USD mat gii
ky luc so vdi ddng EUR; Td chiire eic nude
xuit khiu diu md (OPEC) quyet dinh khdng
ting sin lugng va die biet tie ddng true tiep
tir khiing hoang tai ehinh the gidi, nhimg nude
cd ngudn cau sd 1 the gidi phai cit giim du
trir va tieu thu nhu My, Trung Qudc
2.2 Khai thac vd sif dting khi
- Khd ndng khai thac khi d cac mo
Trong thdi gian diu, mdt lugng khf ddng
hanh ding ke phun len tir be Cim Long, mi
chii yeu li md Bach Hd bi dot bd tai cac gian
khoan bien do dieu kien chua cho phep diu tu
siu hon Nam 1995, he thdng dudng dng din
khi tir Bach Hd vao dat lien dugc lip dat thi
cd the ndi ring nginb cdng nghiep khf dugc
bit diu tir day
Hien tai, khi nang cung cap khf Idn nbit
va cd hieu qui nbit la tir ngudn khi thugc md
Nam Cdn Son Tir cudi nim 2002, Lan
Tiy/Lan Dd bit diu cung ci'p khf vdi luu
lugng 4 - 5.10^mVnam va cd the dat bet
cdng suit ciia dudng dng Nam Cdn Son la
7.10^ mVnam sau nam 2010 Theo dinh gii
cua cac chuyen gia, vdi cic phat bien kbi
mdi, bdn trung Nam Cdn Son se dam bio cho
sin lugng khai tbic tren 30 nam
Cic ngudn kbi ddng hanh tir bdn trung
Ciru Long cung cip mdt sin lugng dinh
5.10'mVnam vio 2005, nhung cd the giim nhanh xudng cdn 3.10'^mVnam vao nam 2010 Tuy nhien, mdt sd cic md diu khf khac tai bdn trung Ciru Long se dugc phit hien va lam tang them sin lugng nay nhung ndi chung cic md dd tuong ddi nhd
va ft cd kbi nang phit trien khai thac kinh
te Ben canh dd, vdi cdng suit ban che ciia dudng dng Bach Hd (4.10^mVnam), phuong in giai quyet khac cho sin lugng khf ddng hinh du tbira khdng van chuyen he't vio bd dang dugc Tap doan tim phuong
in giii quyet
Bdn triing Sdng Hdng nim ngoai khoi phia Bic vi mien Trung Viet Nam, cd tiem nang khai thac dang ke Tuy nhien, nhiing phit hien phin Idn khf d day bi nhiem COT kha cao (60 -90%), nen vdi trinh do cdng nghe hien tai chua cho phep khai thic, sir dung mdt each hieu qua Bdn trung Malay - Thd Chu vdi mdt sd Id
cd trien vgng nhung trong thdi gian tham dd vira qua cho thiy khu vuc nay chi cd cac md khi nhd
- Su dung khi
Phit dien vin la ITnh vuc tieu thu khi thien nhien Idn nhat, vdi hieu suit nhiet cao nhat Hon nira, vdn diu tu xay dung cac nha miy nhiet dien khdng cao, thdi gian xay dung nhanh trang thiet bi ggn nhe, it gay d nhiem mdi trudng
+ Du an khf cdng nghiep Idn diu tien la du in
thu gom vi sir dung khf ddng hanh ciia md Bach
Hd vi md Rang Ddng bing dudng dng Bach Hd
- Phii My Mdt du in ddng bd, cd tdng du toin len tdi 460 trieu USD da dugc thiei lap Do viec dim phin vdi eic nha diu tu nude ngoii keo dai, Uong khi dd lugng khf ciir tiep tue bi ddt bd Tap doan diu khf da phai timg budc tu thu xep vdn
de thue lam thiet ke tdng the va ddng thdi td chue di'u tbiu xay dung ngay phin dudng dng ngoai bien tir cudi nam 1993 Day la cdng trinh diu tay ciia cdng nghiep khf Viet Nam dugc hoan thanh 4/1995, cung cip 17 tneu mVngay cho nha miy dien Ba Ria, thay the cho 180.000 tin diu Diesel (DO), bang nam phai nhap khiu
de phuc vu cho nha may dien Cdng trinh nay da danh diu mdt sir khdi diu ding khich le ciia mdi nen cdng nghiep khi thue thu
Nghien ciru Phit then ben vijmg so 2 (23) - Thing 6/2009
Trang 6Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
De an nay da cung ci'p khf cho Nha
may Dien Ba Ria va khu cdng nghiep Phii
My khoang hon 2 ty m-* khf mdi nim (chii
yeu cho Dien - Dam) Mdt phin lugng khf
nay dugc sir dung cho sin xui't phin bdn
ciia Nha may Dam Phu My, vdi san lugng
dam dat 2,2 nghin tan/ngay da gdp phin
binh dn gia phan bdn tren thi trudng vi dip
irng dugc nhu ciu phin bdn ciia nganh
ndng nghiep Ngoii ra khf tir de an Bach
Hd - Rang Ddng cdn dugc diing de lim
nguyen lieu cho nbi miy khf boa long
(LPG) Dinh Cd sin xui't tren 300 nghin tin
LPG mdi nam
Diu nam 2000, cdng trinh dudng dng
din khf Bach Hd da di vao dn dinh vdi cdng
suit dua len bd l i 4 trieu mVngay Ben canh
dd, nha may khf hoi Idng Dinh Cd cbfnh
thirc di vao hoat ddng tir ngay 9/7/2000, bit
diu cung ci'p LPG cho thi trudng tieu thu
trong va ngoii nude, giam bdt lugng khf
phii nhip khau de tiet kiem ngoai te Trong
nim 2005, san lugng khf LPG dat 156.656
tan trong dd 132.164 tan dugc cung cap cho
thi trudng trong nude va 24.492 tan ban ra
thi trudng nude ngoai Tfnh den thdi diem
nay, sau hon 10 nam van hanh, dudng dng
din khf Bach Hd da dua vao bd bon 15 ty m'
khf ddng hanh tir cic md Bach Hd va Rang
Ddng, ddng thdi cung cip hon 2 trieu tin
khf hoi long cho thi trudng trong nude
-I- Cudi thing 11 - 2002, he thdng dudng
dng din kbi Nam Cdn Son cdng suit van
chuyen tdi da 20 trieu m"* kbf/ngiy dem,
tuong duong 6 ty m^ khf/nam, cbfnh thiire hoan
thanh va dua ddng khf diu tien ciia md Lan
Tiy - Ld 06.1 vio bd Diy li dudng dng din
khf hai pha dai nhi't the gidi hien nay Tdng
chieu dai ciia dudng dng la 399 km, gdm 362
km dudi bien, 9 km tren bd, dua khf ve nha
miy xir ly khf Dinh Cd, vi 28 km tuyen tren
bd, dua khi tir Dinh Cd den nha may dien Phu
My Khi eiia Nam Cdn Son da phuc vu bei sue
die lire cho sin xuat dien cua cac nha may
dien d Phii My va boat ddng ciia nha may
dam Phii My vdi sin lugng khoang 3 ty
mVnam Lugng dien dugc sin xuat tir khf
thien nhien tai trung tam nhiet dien Phii My
hang nam bao dam khoang tren 40% tdng san
lugng dien qud'c gia, ridng miia khd nam 2005 tren 50% Die biet, tijr cudi thing 5 - 2005 den nay, dudng dng diu khf Nam Cdn Son da thir nghiem thanh cdng viec ning cdng suit van chuyen khf len hon 13 trieu m"* khf/ngay dem, phuc vu kip thdi cho san xuat dien trong miia khd vira qua Viec chinh thiire dua du an khf Nam Cdn Scm di vao boat ddng la mdt mdc diu quan trgng trong su phit trien ciia cdng nghiep khi Viet Nam, gdp phan tich cue vao su phat trien kinh te di't nude, die biet la cic tinh khu vuc mien Ddng Nam Bd
+ Diing 13h ngay 2/5/2007,'ddng khf diu tien tir md PM3 Viet Nam - Malaysia thugc du an cdng trinh Cum Cdng nghiep Khf - Dien - Dam Ca Mau da cham bd va cung ci'p cho nha may Dien Ca Mau 1 chinh thiire van hanh thuong mai thanh cdng len he thdng ludi dien qud'c gia He thdng dudng dng din khf PM3 - Ca Mau dai 332 km, trong dd phan trdn bien 289 km va tren bd
43 km; cdng suit van chuyen khf 2 ty mVnam vdi tdng vdn diu tu 299,3 trieu USD He thdng nay se cung ci'p khi cho Nha miy dien Ca Mau 1 vdi cdng sui't 720 MW,
va nha miy dien Ca Mau 2 vdi cdng suit
720 MW da dugc hoan thanh dung du kien
vi dua vio sir dung tir nam 2008 Ca 2 nha may dien cd nhu cau sir dung khoang 1700 trieu m^ khi/nim He thdng dudng dng din khf PM3 - Ca Mau du kien se van chuyen ngudn khf tir Id PM3 va Md Cai Nude Cac
Id niy da dugc thim lugng ky ludng, trir lugng chic chin khoing 28.15 ty m \ san lugng khf dua vao bd khoang 1.45 - 2.0 ty m"* khf/nam
3 Trien vong cdng nghe loc, hoa dau Neu nhu tim kiem, thim dd va khai thac
la khiu thuong ngudn, thi cac boat ddng lien quan den che bie'n gdm: tang trir, van chuyen, xir ly, che bien Ige dau, hoi dau, phin phdi va kinh doanh sin phim diu khf (hoae sin phim din xuit tir dau khf) , thugc khiu ha ngudn trong linh vuc diu khf Tir viec tip trung chii yeu vio linh vuc thugng ngudn, sau hon 10 nam thanh lap nganh Tip doan diu khi Viet Nam da md rdng sang linh vuc trung ngudn
va ha ngudn
3.1 Loc dau
Nghien ciru Phit trien ben vurng, so 2 (23) - Thing &2009
Trang 7Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
Diu md Viet Nam khai tbic bien nay chii
yeu la diu thd va phuc vu true tiep cho viec
xuit khiu Ngay sau kbi Viet Nam khai thac
tan diu thd diu tien nam 1986 tir md Bach
Hd, thi ddng thdi ke hoach xay dung nha may
Igc diu cdng suit khoing 6,5 trieu tan/ nam
da dugc tridn khai nghien ciiru Tuy nhien, do
nhieu nguyen nhan chii quan va khach quan,
nha miy Igc diu sd 1 Dung Quit lidn tue bi
"Idi ben" vi den cudi thing 2/2009 Viet Nam
mdi cd sin phim Igc diu cbfnh thuc tir nhi
may nay Tap doin diu khf Viet Nam dang
ciing nha tbiu Technip (Phap), JGC (Nhat),
Reunida Technica (Tay Ban Nha), trien khai
hgp ddng phit trien, thiet ke tdng the ciia gdi
1 vdi viec bd sung bai phin xudng xir ly LCO
bing Hydro va ddng phan boa Naptha nhe
Vdi cdng suit 6,5 trieu tan/nam, nbi may Igc
diu sd 1 Dung Quit dugc ap dung cdng nghe
che bie'n siu, hien dai tren the gidi va cho sin
pham: LPG, xang khdng chi, dau hoi, nhien
lieu phan luc, diesel (DO), diu mazut (FO) vi
Propylene de san xuat Polypropylene
Mac dii nha may Lgc diu so 1 Dung
Quit vira mdi dugc dua vao van hanh, nhung tir
thing 4 nam 2008, Cbfnh phii da quyet dinh
trien khai xay dung nha miy sd 2 Nghi Son tai
khu kinh te Nghi Sen, Thanh Hda Du in niy cd
tdng mire diu tu 6,2 ty USD va cd cdng suit 8,4
trieu tin diu thd trong mdt nam giai doan diu
vi cd the nang cip len 10 trieu tin diu thd mdt
nam
Hon mudi nam, sau khi cbfnh thirc quyet
dinh chgn Dung Quit de xay nha miy Lgc
diu sd 1, Viet Nam dang ndi lai y tudng xiy
dung cum cdng nghiep lgc hoi diu d Long
Bang 3: Cac nha may
Son (Ba Ria - Vung Tau) Vdi du an nay Tap doan diu khf Viet Nam mudn khai thac tdi
da Igi the ve dieu kien tu nhien, vi tri kinh te giao thuong dich vu qudc te, thuc diy phit trien kinh te - xa bdi khu vuc, hinh tbinh cum cdng nghiep diu khi tap trung lien hoan
ed tim cd trong khu vuc Cum cdng nghiep niy cd chirc nang dap ung vi diy manh cac loai hinh dich vu chuyen nganh diu khi trong nude va qud'c te Nha miy lgc dau sd 3 se la hat nhan ciia eic ve tinh gdm cac nha may va
CO sd dich vu khic: hda diu, sin xuit dien cue, luyen thep, che tao co khf thiei bi diu khf, ddng tau; cing tdng hgp phuc vu cho khu cdng nghiep vi khu can cir dich vu tdng hgp Theo du kien, nhi may lgc diu Long Son cd cdng suit khoang 200 ngan thiing diu/ngiy, tuong duong 10 trieu tin/nam; dien tich xay dung khoang 400 ba; tdng vdn diu tu 6 ty USD
Ngay 16-11-2007, Cbfnh phu da ddng y chip thuan cho UBND tinh Phii Yen, cip gia'y chirng nhan diu tu du in xay dung Nhi miy lgc diu Viing Rd do Cdng ty Technostar Management Ltd (vuong qudc Anh) va Cdng ty Dau kbi Telloil (Cdng hda lien bang Nga), lam chu diu tu Theo cam kei, nha miy nha may lgc diu sd 4 phai dugc xay dung vdi cdng nghe tien tien, thiei bi mdi, bao dam ve an toan, mdi trudng, sin phim ciia nha miy dat yeu ciu chit lugng theo tieu chuan Viet Nam
Ngoai bdn nha may lgc diu tren Tap doan diu khi Viet Nam dang nghien ciru tie'p du an xay dung nha miy lgc diu sd 5 tai Cin tho
loc dau Viet Nam
^•" T.tin
Nha may"" ,.^^^
Dung Quat
Nghi San
Long Scm
Vung R6
can The*
Dia diem
Huyen Binh San - Tinh Quang Ngai
Huyen Tinh Gia - Tinh Thanh Hoa
Long San Ba Ria -Vung Tdu
Phii Yen can Tho
Cong suai
6,5 trieu tan/nam
Du kien 7 - 8.4 uieu tan/nam
Du kien cong suat 10 trieu tah/nam
Dir kien c6ng suit 3 trieu tah/nSm
Dir kien cong suat 2 trieu tan/nain
San pham LPG xang khong d u cMu hoi nhien lieu phan luc, dieseL dau mazut, Ftopj'lene
Nhien lieu va cac san pham hoa dau
(LPG); xang A 92, 95, 98; diu hoa va dau ZAl; dau diezel
Hoan thanh
Thang 02/2009 Nam 2013
Nam 2025
Nghien ciru Phit tnen ben viJmg so 2 (23) - Thing &2009
Trang 8Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat thSn nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
3.2 Cong nghe hoa dau
Cdng nghiep hoa dau la mdt nganh cdng
nghiep ri't mdi me d Viet Nam Do dieu
kien khich quan vi chii quan Viet Nam
chua cd dieu kien xiy dung cac khu lien
hiep lgc hoa dau hoan chinh De dap iimg
nhu ciu thi trudng va xui't phit tii xiy dung
nginb cdng nghiep hien dai, phuc vu cdng
cudc CNH - HDH dat nude, Tap doan diu
khf da chii truong phit trien nganh cdng
nghiep hoa diu theo hudng tir nhip mononer
tir nude ngoai ve che bien san xuat cic sin
pham hoi diu trong giai doan dau, sau dd
tie'n tdi sir dung nguyen lieu sin xui't trong
nude, qua viec hinh thinh va phit trien cic
td hgp hoa diu tren co sd ngudn nhien lieu
tir diu va khf, tao thanh mdt chu trinh khep
kin tir khiu lgc diu den khiu hoi diu Tap
doan diu khf da va dang trien khai cic du
in hoi diu sau:
- Cac du dn dd di vao hoqt ddng:
- Thing 1/1997, du an san xui't DOP (sin
xui't phu gia hoa deo), cdng suit 30.000
tan/nam, dugc thuc bien lien doanh giiia
PetroVietnam (15%), LG va Tdng cdng ty
Hoi chat Viet Nam da di vio sin xuat
- Du in sin xuii nhua PVC cdng suit
100.000 tin/nam Lien doanh giiia
PetroVietnam (43%), Petronas (50%) va
Tramatsuco (7%), da chinh thuc di vao boat
ddng tir thing 1/2003 Hien nay Tip doan
dang dam phan ban phin gdp vdn cho Cdng ty
Thai Plastics & Chemicals (Thai Lan)
- Du an nha miy sin xui't phin dam Phii
My, cdng sui't 740.000 tin ure/nam va
1.350 tin amdniic/ngay da cbfnh thiic di
vio boat ddng tir thing 9/2004, dip irng
hon 40% nhu ciu trong nude, gdp phin
binh dn thi trudng, dam bio an ninh luong
thuc qud'c gia Nhi miy la mdt cdng trinh
hda diu hang dau ciia Viet Nam vi khu vuc
Ddng Nam a, san xuat ure chi't lugng cao
dip irng phin Idn nhu ciu thi trudng, gdp
phin binh dn gia ca phin bdn trong nude
Sau hon 2 nam boat ddng, de'n nay nha may
da dam nhiem hoan toan viec van hanh,
lam chii dugc cdng nghe, dam bao cac sin
phim deu dat tieu chuan qud'c te
- Cac du dn dang trien khai:
- Du i n Nha may san xui't phin dam Ca
Mau cdng sui't 800.000 ti'n/nam, hien dang trong giai doan di'u tbiu EPC Du kien dua vao hoat ddng cudi nam 2010
- Du an Polypropylene, cdng suit 150.000 tan/nam (tai Dung Quit) Dir an dau tu hieu ehinh da dugc phe duyet, hien dang di'u tbiu EPC, vdi muc tieu trong nim 2009 nha may se
di vio van hanh
- Du an Td hgp hoa diu mien Nam: Tip doan dau khf Viet Nam dang cung vdi Tip doan Sian Cement, Cdng ty Thai Plastic va Tdng cdng ty Hoa chat dang trien khai lip
du an diu tu va chuin bi thanh lip Cdng ty lien doanh
Mdt sd du an khac dang trong giai doan chuin bi diu tu: LAB (nguyen lieu san xui't chit tiy lira tdng hgp); PET (so sgi tdng hgp); Nhua dudng, san xui't dung mdi Ndi chung, cie du i n ve boa diu edn gap nhieu khd khin vi chua khang dinh dugc du bao ciia thi trudng hoae su thieu chic chin ciia viec cung ci'p nguyen lieu ban diu tiT nbi miy lgc diu hoae tir ngudn khf
II MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRI^N
NGANH DAU KHI
1 Nghien ciiru md rdng thi trudng va khach hang
Hien nay, tuy sin lugng diu xui't khau cua Tap doan diu khf Viet Nam ngay cang ting nhanh, nhung cdng tic ngbidn ciru thi trudng, thu nhip thdng tin vd thi trudng, khach hang, nhu ciu, kha ning cung ung trdn thi trudng the' gidi thi cdn rat yeu kem Nghien ciiru thi trudng nhim dinh hudng cho san xuit dugc tdt bon, cho biet sin pham nen dugc ban d diu de mang lai bieu qua kinh te cao
Tir nam 1999 den nay, co ciu thi trudng diu thd eiia Tip doan diu khf da thay ddi tir 5 len den 9 thi trudng, chii ye'u la cic thi trudng Chiu A nhu Nhat Ban (chiem tir 30
- 40%), Singapor va thi trudng My Do vay, de dam bao cho qua trinh san xuit khai thac diu dugc thudng xuyen lien tue can phii cd sir duy tri tdt vdi cic khich hang truyen thdng ddng thdi tim kiem, md rdng them cic thi trudng mdi va chii trgng trong cdng tic phat trien cac thi trudng
Nghien ciru Phit trien ben virng so 2 (23) - Thing 6/2009
Trang 9Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
dang len nhu thi trudng My va Trung
Qudc
2 Tim vdn va su dung vdn co hieu qua
De dat dugc muc tieu phat trien dat ra,
van de quan trgng cd tfnh chit quyet dinh
cbfnh la kha nang tai cbfnh Trong giai doan
2001-2009 vi giai doan 2010 - 2025 la
nhirng giai doan phai tap trung xay dung
mdi he thdng phan phdi, cung nhu cic du an
ve che bien lgc hda diu, nen nhu cau diu tu
ciia giai doan nay ri't Idn
Trudc nhu ciu ve vdn Idn nhu vay Tap
doin diu khf phai cd nhirng giai phap de
buy ddng va sir dung vdn mdt cich cd bieu
qua
Trudc xu the mdi Tip doan diu khi cin
phii khai thic Igi the ve vdn kinh doanh eiia
minb De tang cudng vdn cho khau tim kiem
- tham dd - khai thic va kinh doanh diu
thd Tip doan diu khf cd the' thuc hien cac
giai phap sau:
- Trong linh vuc tim kiem tham dd va khai
thic cin phai md rdng hgp tic diu tu qud'c
te vi linh vuc niy ddi hdi vdn diu tu Idn,
rui ro cao ddi bdi pbii cd cdng nghe hien
dai ma mdt minb Tap doan diu khi thuc
hien khdng ndi
- Sir dung cd hieu qua ngudn vdn dau tu tir
cac quy tai chinb tip trung ciia cic don vi
thinh vien trong nganh dugc phep giir lai
Ngudn vdn nay dugc sir dung cho tit ca cac
boat ddng cua Tip doan diu kbi Huy ddng
vdn qua kenh thi trudng chirng khoan bing
viec phat hanh cd phieu, trai phieu dii ban
hay ngin ban (Nhu nam 2001, Tap doin
dau khi Viet Nam li cdng ty Viet Nam diu
tien tham gia thi trudng vdn qud'c te bing
viec ky ket thoa thuan nghien ciiru va phit
trien de an phat hanh trai phieu qudc te vdi
Tap doan dau khf ngan bang diu tu My
Morgan Stanley Dean Witer Tip doan dau
khi niy se giii" vai trd la nha tu vin tai
chinh vi la nhi bao lanh phit hanh trii
phieu qudc te ciia Tip doan diu khi Viet
Nam ra thi trudng qud'c te)
- Can cd su tang cudng hoan thien trong
cdng tie quan ly ciia cdng ty tai cbfnh diu
khf mdi dugc thanh lap de' dam duong vdi
nhiem vu tim ngudn vdn buy dgng cho cac
du in diu tu ciia toan Tap doan diu khf
- Quin triet chii truong tang cudng sir dung cac dich vu vi hang hoi thiei bi may mdc trong nude cd the sin xuat dugc, de tirng budc tiei kiem ngudn ngoai te va gianh cho eic du an trgng diem khic
- Cin cd su quan ly, kiem tra tai chinh trong ndi bd cic thanh vien ciia Tap doan diu khf trong viec diu tu cic du an de dam bao cac du in dd dem lai hieu qui kinh te cao va phu hgp vdi chien luge phat trien chung ciia toan cdng ty
De dat dugc cic muc tieu de ra Tap
doan diu khf cin phai cd ca che linh boat
bon trong viec quan ly, sir dung, tiet kiem huy ddng vdn giira Tap doan diu khf vdi cic don vi thinh vien Ngudn vdn Ion ciing vdi CO che quan ly cd bieu qua se dam bao cho Tip doin diu khf thanh cdng trong viec thuc hien cac muc tieu de ra
3 Dao tao chinh quy ngudn nhan luc Ngudn nhan luc la tai nguyen vd ban, cue ki quan trgng ddi vdi mdi mdt qudc gia ndi chung va mdi mdt doanh nghiep ndi rieng trong qua trinh phat trien
Ciing vdi qua trinh xay dung co sd vat chit, ky thuat, nganh diu khf cin xay dung dugc ddi ngu cin bd quan ly can bd khoa hgc cdng nghe vi cdng nhan ky thuat vdi him lugng tri thuc cao, din din thay the nhieu chiirc danh trudc day phai thue chuyen gia nude ngoai De trien khai mgi mat boat ddng ciia mdt nganh kinh te cd yeu ciu cdng nghe cao, diu tu Idn, kem theo riii ro cao, con ngudi la yeu td quyet dinh Tip doan diu khi Viet Nam cin diu tu, tap trung xay dung ddi ngu can bd, dat biet li nhirng can bd khoa hgc cd trinh do ky thuat cao Hang nam Tap doan diu khf Viet Nam cin cir cin bd, cdng nhan ky thuat di dao tao, bdi dudng d cac nude cd nen cdng nghiep diu khi phat trien Mat khac, tuyen chgn nhOrng sinh vien hgc gidi d cac trudng dai hgc trong nude giri di dao tao dai hgc va tren dai hgc tai cac co sd dao tao cd chuyen mdn cd kinh nghiem ve linh vuc diu khi d nuoc ngoai
Nghien ciru Phit then ben virng s6 2 (23) - Thing 6/2009
Trang 10Pham Manh Ha - Hien trang va giai phap phat then nganh cdng nghiep dau khi
Ben canh dd, Tip doin diu khf cung
cdn phii cd su diu tu thfch dang cho trung
tim dao tao - cung iing nhin lire Viec
thanh lip trudng Dai hgc diu khf vao nam
2008 dugc Tip doan diu khf Viet Nam ky
thda thuan hgp tie vdi Bd Giao due vi Dao
tao l i mdt trong nhirng sir diu tu hgp ly cho
van de nhan lire eiia nganh
Vin de cudi ciing quan trgng nhi't l i
viec sir dung cac can bd cdng nhin vien sau
khi dugc cir di dao tao huin luyen, phii hgp
ly, phii khai tbic sir dung kien thirc cua
ngudi lao ddng mdt cich cd hieu qua nhi't
4 Tang cudng cdng tac tham do khai
thac
Hien nay, trong tdng sd 21 md da dugc
phat hien ed diu vi c i diu lin khi, chi cd 9
md dang dugc khai thac, sd cdn lai do dieu
kien ve dia hinh, cung nhu ve mat kinh te
chua dugc di vao khai thic boat ddng
Trong giai doan den nim 2010 cin phai
dua he't cac md cdn lai vao khai tbic de
khdng nhirng cung ci'p cho nha may lgc
diu trong nude ma edn dim bio cho xui't
khiu nhim thu them ngoai te ve cho dit
nude
Ben canh dd Tip doin tich cue ciing cic
cdng ty, eic td chue trong, ngoai nude day manh
cdng tic tim kiem thim dd, nbit la nhiing khu
vuc xa them luc dia, ddi bdi pbii cd thiet bi may
mdc hien dai mdi cd the' tien binh dugc Diy
manh boat ddng tham gia vao tim kiem, tham
dd, khai thic d nude ngoai la mdt trong nhirng
chien luge rit quan trgng de' Tip doan diu khf
Viet Nam nhanh chdng trd thanh mdt Tip doin
diu khi Idn manh khdng ehi d trong khu vuc mi
edn tren the gidi Cdng tie trien khai tim kiem,
thim dd khdng nhirng tin dung dugc Igi the nhd
quy md cua nganh diu khf Viet Nam, ma cdn
cung ci'p nguyen lieu diu thd tir nude ngoai ve
phuc vu trong nude
5 Hoan thien ca sd vat chat ky thuat
va tang cudng cdng tac nghien ciiru, iing
dung khoa hgc cdng nghe
Tip doan diu khf Viet Nam cd quy md ve
CO sd vat chit rat Idn nhung co sd vat chit de'
phuc vu kinh doanh dau thd rat ban che Hien
nay, dung tich ciia cac kho dir trir diu thd d cac
md la rat nho va thudng anh hudng den tinh
hinh khai thic Tip doan dau khf can phai bd sung, tang cudng them cic tau du trir diu thd nhim muc dfch gia tang khdi lugng du trir de' dam bao cho cac md boat ddng tdt va tao Igi the cho Tip doan dau khi trong didu kien thi trudng ed su bien ddng
Nganh dau khf vdi die thii la nganh cdng nghiep ky thuat hien dai Viec ddi mdi va chuyen giao cdng nghe la mdt ndi dung quan trgng, la nhu cau tit yeu khich quan khdng chi d tirng doanh nghiep ma edn d tirng qud'c gia Vay nen:
Thix nhat: Tap doan diu khf can phai diu tu
tang cudng cho cdng tie nghien ciin khoa hgc ciing nhu trang thiet bi cdng nghe trong khiu tim kiem thim dd khai thac nhim xac dinh cbfnh xic triJ lugng diu khf xac minh Tiep tue tim kiem phat hien them cic md diu khf mdi
Thir hai: Diu tu tang eudng cho nghien
cii'u ling dung khoa hgc vao thuc tien, cung nhu trang bi them may mdc hien dai trong khiu khai thac nhim tirng budc ning cao
he so thu hdi diu len miirc 40 - 50% hoae cao hon nhu cac nude khac Dieu nay lai cing dac biet ed y nghia ddi vdi lugng diu Idn cdn nam trong cac mdng niirt ne, eic md nhd md khic Tip doan dau khf cung cin phii ed ke hoach diu tu may mdc cdng nghe hien dai nhu gian khoan, he thdng thiet bi ndi ebo viec trien khai, khai thac diu khf d nhirng md xa them luc dia, cd do siu Idn, nhim gia ting thdm sin lugng cho dit nude
Thic ba: Tip doan dau khf Viet Nam can
phai cd ke hoach bien phap diu tu cho khoa hgc cdng nghe thiei bi miy mdc nhim thuc hien cdng tic dim bao an toan, ve sinh chdng
d nhiem mdi trudng cd the' xay ra tren bien hay tren dit lien, chdng lai su cd dd ri diu, tran diu, chdng lai sir tic nghen diu trong dng din diu
6 Thay doi co cau mat hang xuat khau Trong giai doan tdi Tip doan diu khi Viet Nam nen thuc hien chien luge xuit khiu "tinh" thay vi xuit khau "thd" nhu trudc day de ngay cang thu vd gia tri cao hon Su kien nha may lgc diu sd 1 Dung Quit da dugc van hanh thing 02/2009, (ke hoach trong tuong lai se trie'n khai xiy dung
Nghien cirj Phit then ben virng, s6 2 (23) • Thing 6/2009