fuyen tap Cdng trinh Hdi nghi Khoa hpc Cor hoc Thuy khi Todn quoc, Phan Tliiet, 2008 205 iTng dung quy hoach dong xay dung chuong trinh tinh toan dieu tiet nam theo mo hinh tat djnh cua ho chiia nha m[.]
Trang 1fuyen tap Cdng trinh Hdi nghi Khoa hpc
Cor hoc Thuy khi Todn quoc, Phan Tliiet, 2008 205
iTng dung quy hoach dong xay dung chuong trinh tinh toan
dieu tiet nam theo mo hinh tat djnh cua ho chiia nha may
thuy dien lam viec doc lap
Nguyen The Hiing, Le Hiing
Tnrdng Dai hoc Bdch Khoa Dai hoc Dd Ndng
Torn tdt: Tinh dieu tiet muc nude hd chira nhd mdy thiiy dien la mdt vdn de phire tap
viec dieu del hgrp ly tdi nguyen nude trong hd chua cd y nghia hln sue quan tron^ ddi
vai nen kinh tc qudc ddn De ndng cao hieu ich dien ndng thi ben canh vice phdt triin
ngudn dien trao ddi nhdp khdu thi viec tim dugc mot sach Iwgt tol int van hdnh ho
chira thuy dien se lam tdng sdn lirgng dien Bdi hdo nay, chung tdi gidi thieu xdv dung
md hinh todn tdt dinh xdc dinh che do van hdnh dieu tiet tol iru ho chira lain viec dgc
lap, dimg phuang phdp qui hoach dgng de giai vd lap chuang trinh tinh bdng ngon
ngir lap trinh hudng ddi lugng Borland Delphi
Applying dynamic programming to construct program of
calculating for annual regulation according to deterministic
model of independent-working reservoir hydroelectric
power plant
Abstract: Calculating water level regulation in reservoir for hydroelectric power
plant Is a complex problem Reasonable water resources regulation in reservoir plays
an important role in national economy In order to increase electrical energy
elfectlveness beside the development, exchange and Import of electrical power
sources, we must find out an optimization policy In opertating hydroelectric power
reservoir, because It can increase the electrical energy of hydroelectrical plant In
this paper, we introduce the construction of deterministic mathematical model to
determine optimal regulation of Independen-working reservoir, applying dynamic
programming for finding its solution and establishing the program of caculating by
Borland Delphi object-oriented language
1 Gioi thieu
Theo phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien dien lye qudc gia giai doan 2006 - 2015, cd dinh
hudng din nam 2025, nhim gdp phSn dap ung nhu cdu phat tricn kinh te - xa hdi cua ca nude
vdi mirc tang GDP khoang 8.5%) - 9% nam giai doan 2006 - 2010 va cao ban, thi dy bao nhu
cau dien nude ta se tang d muc 20%) nam trong giai doan 2006 - 2015, ddng thai chuan bi
phuong an tang d mirc 22% nam cho trudng hgp tang trudng dot bien
De dap ung nhu cau tren, ben canh viec phat trien nhap khau va trao ddi dien nang,
nham nang cao hieu ich dien nang, tilt kiem cac ngudn nguyen vat lieu hiem, ciing nhu gop
phan vao viec cai thien mdi trudng, nganh dicn, ddng thai phai tien hanh hai bien phap:
quan ly nhu cau va nang cao hieu qua khai thac nguon dien
NIU tim dugc mdt sach luge van hanh tdt, mot trong nhiing bien phap cd the thyc
hien mang tinh kha thi cao dl khai thac dien nang cd hieu qua dd la van hanh tdt cac nha
may thuy dien, cd the tang hieu su§t vl mat dien nang nam cua tram thiiy dien 2-3%
Trang 2(fng dung qui hoach ddng xdy dung chuang trinh tinh todn diiu tiitl
206 ndm theo md hinh tdt dinh cua hd chira nhd mdv thdy dien lam viec ddc lap
Bai bao nay gidi thieu md hinh loan va chuang trinh tinh loan dugc thilt lap cho bai
loan don hd vdi muc lieu phat dien lam viec 6oc lap bang ngon ngir Borland Delphi Lfng
dyng chuang trinh tinh cho hd chira thuy dicn EA Krdng Rou, kit qua tinh loan dugc so
sanh vdi cae phuang phap dudng chi thang va phuong phap bilu dd dilu phdi
2 Mo hinh toan tat dinh xac dinh che do van hanh toi uu ho chira dieu tiet
nam cua nha may thiiy dien
Ham myc tieu dugc chgn la san lugng dicn nang cua nha may thuy dicn dat eye dai
irng vdi trj sd mirc nude van hanh o cac khoang thai gian trong nam cua ho chira lam viec
doe lap Cac dicu kicn gidi ban ciia ho chira trong trudng hgp nay la cong su5t van hanh,
luu lugng qua Tuabin gidi han ve myc nude, va mot s6 rang budc tuong ung
Md hinh loan tat dinh xac dinh chi do van hanh tdi im hd chira dilu tilt nam cua nha
may thuy dien cho nhu sau
Ham muc tieu
E, =.j9.81./7,.//,.^,,/r = 2^9.81.;;, A/,//,.^, -^ Max d)
0 1
Cdc rdng budc:
V,,, = v,+W,-w > " I " xa-i (2)
^,=MN„H,) (3)
H, = Zn-i-ZHL-i- AH (4)
Z,-n =f2f(V, + V,.,)/2J (5)
Zi^HL =ffW,,.,/TJ (6)
Zjau= MNDBT Zeuo, = MNDBT MNC < Z, < MNDBT N,„„ < N, < N,
(7) (8)
(9)
ell- (10)
Ei : Dien lugng trung binh thdi doan 1
(kwh)-V i : Dung tich hd cudi thd doan (hay ddu ihdi doan I.l)(ni^);
Trang 3vmryen The Hiing Le Hiins 207
V, : Dung tich hd dau thdi doan i (nr);
W,a.i : Tdng lugng nude ra khdi hd chua trong thdi doan i (m'^) ;
q : Hicu suat trung binh cua tram thiiy dien trong thdi doan i
Hi : Cdt nude phat dicn trung binh trong thdi doan i (m);
ZTL-I : Muc nude thugng luu trung binh trong thai doan i (m);
ZHL-i • Muc nude ha luu trung binh trong thdi doan i (m);
Zjau '• Muc nude dau chu ky dieu tiet fm) ;
Zcu6i: Muc nude cudi chu ky dieu tiet (m) ;
MNC: Myc nude chet (m);
MNDBT : Myc nude dang binh thudng (m);
Npiin: Cdng suat tdi thieu cua tram thiiy dien, trong trudng hgp hd chira dieu tiet nam
thi day la cdng suat dam bao cua tram thiiy dien (kw);
; Ngh.i: Cdng suat gidi ban ti'am thuy dien trong thdi doan dugc xac dinh tuang irng vdi
cac kieu Tuabin khac nhau (kw);
• Q, : Luu lugng nude van hanh qua Tuabin trong thdi doan i (m /s);
I Qmm-i: Liru lugng tdi thieu phu thugc vao yeu cau dam bao muc nude ha luu trong thdi
doan i (nr/s) ;
I Qmax-i: Lim lugng Idn nhdt qua Tuabin trong thdi doan i (m/s);
• t : Thdi gian tinh cua thdi doan i (hour)
3 Xay dung thuat toan va c h a o n g trinh tinh
Phuang trinh truy loan ngugc theo ly thuylt qui hoach dgng img dung de eye dai gia
tri ham muc tieu nang lugng ky hieu E dugc xac djnh nhu sau
E,,, (Z,,,^.) = Max{E„ (Z,„_,, Z„_,,) + £„., (Z„_,, Z,)) (13)
Vdi
^orr (Z,, , ) : Gia trj luy tich tdi un dien nang cua ham muc tieu cd dugc khi hd chira
til thdi dilm ban ddu Z^ din myc nude Z^j vao cudi chu ky dieu tiet (thai diem n);
- E (Z Z , ) : Gia tri luy tich tdi uu dien nang trong giai doan n ciia ham muc tieu
n V n / * / i - l , A ' •' • "^
tir trang thai muc nude Zj den muc nude Z^;
E , (Z , Z , ) : Gia tri tdi uu dien nang sinh ra khi ddi tugng di chuyen tir trang thai
ban ddu den trang thai Z„.\ da dugc xac djnh
- Tinh loan dugc bit ddu tai cudi chu ky dilu tilt (i=n) va ket thiic tai dau chu ky
dieu tiet (i = I)
Trang 4208
(fng dung qui hoach ddng xdy dung chiro'ng trinh tinh todn dieu tiet uani theo md hinh tat dinh cua hd chira nhd mdv thuy dien lam viec ddc lap
- So dd thuat loan va chuang trinh tinh dugc xay dung bdng ngon ngir lap trinh
hudng ddi tugng Borland Delphi
T r a d u - l i e u M N U l <3au v a M N [ k ] c E£L7
T r a VV.3au u ' n g v d i m u ' c n u d e c 5 a u M N [ j ]
T r a W c u d i u ' n g v d i m u ' c n u d e c u o i M N [ k ]
T i n h W x S - i = W t n ^ n g - i - l - W d a u - i - W c u o i - i
F a l s e
-W F - -W x a - i
T r u e
W E - , = W x a - i
Q b q - i = V V E - i / T ,
G i a t h i e t T-iai = l
T f n h H b q i = Z b q t l i Z t i q h l i H t t
-| l - l g t - l = T - -| g t - i — O O O O H
Hinh 1 Thudt todn tinh dien ndng Elt^^Max
Trang 5"^iven The Hiins Lc Hiins
209
ffinh 2 Chircmg trinh tinh van hcinh hd chira NMTD
4 Ung dung chu-OTig trinh tinh cong trinh thuy dien Ea Krong Rou
ling dung chuong trinh tinh loan da thiet lap d tren de linh cho cdng trinh thuy dien
EA Krdng Rou va so sanh vdi eac phuang phap duong chi thang va phuang phap bieu dd dicu phdi
4.1 Cdc thdng sd cdng trinh thuy dien EA Krdng Rou
Myc nude dang binh thudng MNDBT =606(m)
Cdng suat Idp may N|n,=28 (MW);
Luu lugng Idn nhat qua nha may
_Q„„,=6,52(mVs);
Cdt nude nhd nhat Hmi,, =
494,2(m)-Muc nude chit MNC=590(m) Cdng sudt dam baoNjb=7,76(MW); Cot nude Idn nhdt H^ax = 537.24(m);
Cdt nude tinh toan H„ = 507,0(m),
Trang 6210
(fng dung qui hoach ddng xdy dung chuang trinh tinh todn dieu tiet nam theo md hinh tdt dinh cua hd chua nhd mdv thuy dien lam viec ddc lap
Bdng
Nam
T.l
T 2
T.3
T.4
T.5
T.6
T.7
T.8
T,9
T.IO
T.ll
T.12
TB nam
1: Liru luang ddng chdy den
(3 ndm)
1999 9.34 3.79 1.62
0.8
2.11 2.13 0.97 0,51 2.32 11.22 17.61 • 22.94 6.28
2000 16.96 6.89 2.89 1.56 4.39 4.35 1.88 1.26 4.49 13.83 21.22 14.88 7.88
2001 6.03 2.53 1.21 0.72 0.51 0.44 0.38 0.56
1.5
11.71 11.38 5.08
3.5
Bdng 2 Diic tinh dung tich Idng hd
F(km^)
0
0.01 0.08 0.36 0.81 1.57 2.25 3.02 3.71 4.96 5.77
W(ioW)
0
0.02 0.21 1.23 4.08 9.93 19.43 32.55 49.35 70.95 97.75
Z(m)
570
575
580
585
590
595
600
605
610
615
620
Bdng 3 Quan he ddc tinh muc nu&c ha luu Q=f(Z)
Q(m^)
0
1.3
8
20.6 53.9
104
172
254
354
Zhi(m) 53.5
54
54.5
55
55,5
56
56,5
57
57.5
Q(m')
465
581
714
852
1022
1246
1488
1572
Zhi(m)
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
Trang 7Wgiivcn The Hiins Le Hiing
211
4.2 Kit qud tinh cdng trinh thuy dien EA Krdng Rou
Bdng
Thang
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4 Ket qud tinh dao ddng muc nude hd ti
MNTL (m)
606
606 605.5 604.5 604.5 604.5 603.5 597.5
590
598
606
606
Thang
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
MNTL (m)
606
606
606 605.5
606
605
601
594
590
601
606
606
Thang
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
'on£_3ndm
MNTL (m)
606
606 605,5 604,5
603 601,5
600
598
590
601
606
606
Bdng 5 Ket qud dien ndng trong (3 ndm) ciia thiiy dien Ea Krdng Rou theo 3 phuong
phap Phuong phap dicu tiet
van hanh hd chira
thuy dien
EuMax 10''(Kwh)
Phuang phap Dudng chi thang 446.09
Phuang phap dicu tiet thco bieu dd dicu phdi 501.37
Phuang phap dieu tiet tdi uu 508.1
* Ket qua dao ddng myc nude hd dugc bicu dicn d hinh 3
* Kit qua bilu dicn tinh loan luu lugng dilu licl (3 nam) trong toa do xien theo cac phuang phap qui hoach dgng, phuong phap bicu dd dicu phdi va phuang phap dudng chi thang dugc bieu dicn d hinh 4
Z,i(m)
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
t(thang)
Hinh 3 Bidu diin dao ddng muc nirac hd chira (3 ndm) nhd mdy thuy dien
Trang 8212
(fng dung qui hoach ddng xdy dirng chuang trinh tinh todn dieu tiet nam theo md hinh tdt dinh cua hd chira nhd mdv thiiy dien lam viec ddc lap
120 00
110 00
100 00
90 00
80 00
70 00
60 00
50 00
40 00
30 00
20 00
10.00
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1
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1
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1 <
1 i
1
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1
*
• \
\
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t(tliang)
Hinh 4 Bieu dien da dieu tiet (3 ndm) trong tog do xien theo 3 phirang phdp
6 Ket luan
- Van hdnh theo phuong phap qui hoach dgng se cho ta dicn nang Idn hon khoang
1,3% so vdi phuong phap bieu dd dilu phdi, va 12,2% so vdi phuang phap dudng chi
thang
- Vice van hdnh xac duib dicu till thco phumig phap dudng chi thdng cd uu dilm la
xac dmh luu lugng dicu tiet nhanh nhung do chinh xac rdt thdp vi mdc sai sd chu quan ciia
ngudi ye, khi van hanh theo bilu dd dilu phdi nd se thien vl an toan klidng tan dung kha
nang tdi uu nhdt trong van hanh dl ndng cao hieu sudt phat dicn
- Khi tinh loan myc nude van hanh theo phuong phap qui hoach dgng, vice kilm tra tu
dgng cac rang budc se loai bd de dang cac phuang an khdng khd thi
- Tim myc nude idi uu ciia ho chua cd kha nang lam tang muc nude ho va lam gidm
vice ban che cdng sudt do thieu cot nude
- De cd the irng dung chuang trinh tinh nhdm gidi quylt bai loan tim chi do toi uu dai
h^n thco mo hinh tat dmh trong van hanh hd chiia thi phai dung phuang phap hieu chinh ,
dan che dg theo duang qua trinh dong chay dugc hieu chinh ddn cho din cu6i chu ky dilu \
tiet ^
- Phai thucm^ xuycn ban true do dac cac sd lieu ddng chdy tren cac nha may thuy dien
dang van hanh de co the biet dugc nhieu ban quy luat ddng chay, tao dilu kien tdt eho viec I
khai thac van hanh ho chua theo phuang phdp qui hoach dgng ' I
Trang 9Umiven The Hiing, Lc Hung 213
Xai lieu tham khao
fl] Nguyin Nhal Le (2001), "Toi uu hda irng dung", NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat" Ha Noi
\2] Pham Phy (1975), "Co sd nang lugng ciia tram thiiy dien", NXB Dai hoc va tmng hoe chuyen
nghiep Ha Noi
[3] Mohammad Karamouz - Ferenc Szidarovsky - Banafshed Zahraie (2003), "Water resources
systems analysis", Lewis Publishers, United States of America
[4] Larry W.Mays, Yeou-Koung Tung (1992), "Hydrosystems engineering and management"
McGraw-Hill, Inc, Singapore