Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky'''' niim 35 ndm I''''ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi Viet Nam Hd Noi 10 2010 NHLTNG KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU THlTC NGHIEM CONG NGHE KHONG BA THAI TRONG SAN XUAT BIODIESEL Tir D A U THl/C V A T VIE[.]
Trang 1Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky' niim 35 ndm I'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
NHLTNG KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU THlTC NGHIEM CONG NGHE
KHONG BA THAI TRONG SAN XUAT BIODIESEL
Tir D A U THl/C V A T VIET NAM
• • •
Ho Son Lam
Viin Khoa hgc vdt lieu itng dung (lAMS) Sabll, Mgc Dinh CM, Qudn I Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh
sanlamho05(d),vahoo com
Tom tat:
Bdi viit giai thiiu sa luge vi cdng nghi khdng bd thdi trong sdn xudt biodiesel tit ddu thue vdt Viet nam Ndi dung gdm nhirng kit qud thue nghiem thu dugc trong qud trinh nghiin citu sdn xudt biodiesel a qui md phdng thi nghiim vd qui md pilot Nhung kit qud vi vdn ep bin nude di tir vd hgt ddu ihirc vdt, cdc chdt ed hogt linh sinh hgc trich ly tir hgt diing ldm thude trit sdu sinh hgc, thuc dn gia siic vd chdt tdng trgng tu bd hgt Trong qud trinh sdn xudt biodiesel, ngodi sdn phdm chinh Id B-IOO dgt lieu chudn, cdn cd Glyxerin dugc nghiin cuu di sdn xudt polyme ttr phdn hiiy sinh hgc
Abstract:
This pgper describes recent develgpment on investigation from using Vietnamese Vegetable Seed oil as bio-diesel In the Process of Biodiesel producdon, non-waste technological was study and development The result show thai, some byproduct war beginning to take shape and has good chance to use like composite material from husk of seed; bioaclive substance like saponyl agent from process extraction bad of seed lo use as insecticide; animal food from bait of seed and glycerin as raw material to synthesis ofbiopolymer
I.Dat van de:
a/Sff luge Ijch su phdt triin biodiesel: Nghien ciin sir dyng diu thuc vat lam nhien
lieu da dugc Rudolf Diesel tiln hanh each day tren 100 nam Nam 1895, dng da sir dyng diu Lac cho viec thu nghiem cac ddng co dit trong ciia minh, vin dugc su dyng loai diu cd phan doan nang tir dau md Cdng trinh nay dugc cdng bl nam 1900 tai Paris Exposition Nam
1916, ddng ca diesel dau tien dugc xuit sang Argentina, Gutien-ez, da dimg diu Thiu diu dl thir nghiem lai nbirng y tudng ciia R.Diesel, nhung nhirng khd khan vl ty trong, do nhdt trong qua trinh phun nhien lieu da lam cho nhung nghien cim nay khdng phat triln duac Diu Cp Cling dugc sir dyng cho myc dich nhien lieu thay diu diesel tir nam 1920 Mdt trong nhirng cdng b6 sdm nhat ve viec img dyng ester ciia diu Cp dugc cdng b l vao nam 1942 Din 1944, cung mdt ngudi Argentina khac, Martinez de Vedia da tiln hanh lin diu tien viec pha trdn (bleding) dau diesel vdi dau thyc vat vdi ham lugng diu thyc vat tir 30-70% Tac gia da su dung nhieu loai dau khac nhau nhu Bdng, Hudng duong Lac ' va chay thir ddng ca trong
420 gid Cac thdng sd va ket qua dugc ghi nhan, cho thiy cdn nhilu vin dl chua thi giai quyet tren dpng co dd Tir nam 1920 den nam 1947 ngudi ta ghi nhan din 99 cdng trinh sir dung dau thyc vat lam nhien lieu diesel Han nira, vao thdi dilm dd, diu md dang kha dii dao trong khi dau thuc vat chua du cung cip cho viec san xuit diu an, cac nghien cim cua Rudolf Diesel bj roi vao quen lang Cac cupc khung hoang nhien lieu xiy ra trong nhirng nam 70-80 da thiic day cac nha khoa hpc trd lai vdi y tudng ban diu ciia Rudolf Diesel va cac nha khoa hpc tien bdi, ket qua la mpt loat cac nghien cim vl sir dung diu thuc vat duac tiln hanh
I hang gieng nam 1991, chuang trinh nghien cim sir dyng Biodiesel ciia CHLB Dire bit diu
Trang 2Tieu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt liiu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
chinh thirc boat dpng, the ma 10 nam sau san lugng Biodiesel ciia dire da dat tren 1 trieu tin/nam Chi trong thdi gian tuong ddi ngan hang loat cac nha ma}' san xuat nliien lipu biodiesel d qui md cdng nghiep vdi cdng suat vai tram ngan tan/nam da ra ddi, tap trung nhieu nhit d Dire, Italia, Ao, Phap, Thyy Dien, Tay Ban Nha Tdng cdng suit hien nay cua chau au
la 2 trieu tin Trong khi do tai chau A, viec nghien cim va img dyng BDF cung phat trien manh, tieu bilu nhu: An Dp, Trung Qu6c, Nhat Ban, H6ng Kong Ngoai ra, cac nude Chau Phi va Chau Uc ciing dang budc diu trien khai nghien cim nhieu ve BDF Trong thyc te, tren thi gidi, nude sir dyng rdng rai BDF nhat hien nay la Hoa Ky vdi nliieu chinh sach un dai
b/Tdc dung cua Biodiesel doi v&i nhu cdu ndng luffng, bdo ve moi trudng vd xda ddi
gidm ngheo: Sir dyng nhien lieu cd nguIn glc sinh hpc khdng chi cd tac dyng ve mat kinh te
va nang lugng, ma cdn cd lgi vl mdi trudng Cac nha Idioa hpc da chi ra rang neu sir dyng 1kg biodiesel se giam 3kg khi CO2 thai, so vdi diesel diu md Cac nghien cim ciia chiing tdi
cho thiy ' niu pha 5-15% BIO-/IAMS (mdu do chimg ldi sdn xudt) vdi diesel, hdm litgn^ hydrocarbon trong khi thdi cita mdy phdt diin gidm, vd gidm han V: niu pha 10% Cdc chdt gdy ung thu nhu NO, NOx gidm theo thdi gian ldm viic cita ddng ca, cdng Idu cdng gidm.[\'\ C6 thi neu ra nhiing tac dyng quan trpng cua viec sir dyng biodiesel:
l.Gdp phan giai quyet nguyen lieu cho viec san sinh ra nang lupng:van de nay da dugc nhilu nude tren the gidi img dyng Chi rieng trong khdi ASIAN, cac mrdc nhu Thailand, Philippines, Indonexia, Malaixia deu cd chuong trinh nghien ciin va sir dung dau thyc vat lam nhien lieu Biodiesel Chau Au da pha 5% Biodiesel vao diesel dau md ke tir 1/1/2005 va tdng cdng suat san xuat Biodiesel hien nay dat khdang 2 trieu tan/nam
2.Bao ve moi trudng: sir dyng dau thyc vat lam nhien lieu gdp phan bao ve mdi tmdng tren hai khia canh:
-i-Nbiing cay cho dau cd the la than thao, cd the la than gd dugc trdng d nhieu dja hinh khac nhau, khdng ken chpn, cd the phii xanh dat trdng ddi trpc, chdng xdi mdn va bac mau dat, tao ra mdt lugng oxy Idn va hap thy mpt lugng CO2 dang ke, lam trong sach bau khi quyen Trong chu ky sdng ciia minh, thdi gian cay xanh hap thy CO2 va giai ph6ng Oxy nhieu hon thdi gian san sinh ra CO2
-i-Nhien lieu Biodiesel tao ra lugng khi thai cd it chat dpc hai hon nhien lieu diesel dau md: khi sir dung 1kg biodiesel cd the giam 3 kg CO2 so vdi diesel dau md cac chat ddc hai khac cung giam
3.Biodiesel ( Dau thyc vat) gan lien vdi dai bp phan dan cu va dien tich dat viing sau , viing xa Vi vay, phat trien va ii'ng dyng biodiesel la ca hdi cho ngudi dan d nhirng viing nay
cd the ty minh xda ddi, giam ngheo, cd the lam giau tren chinh manh dat can edi ciia minh
c/Tmh hinh nghien cuu & Viet nam: Ci Viet Nam trong vdng 20 nam trd lai day da
bat dau cd nhirng cdng trinh nghien cim ve biodiesel, tuy nhien do cdn mpt s l han cbl trong ket qua nghien cim ciing nhu chua cd nhiing chinh sach khuyin khich tir phia Nha nude nen biodiesel chua dugc img dyng rdng rai Nhin chung, cac cdng trinh tap trung chu ylu vao nghien cim ca ban, ca che phan ung, xiic tac, cracking trong hai nude Viec dilu ehl va thir nghiem BDF tir dau thyc vat tai nude ta bit diu dugc quan tam tir nhiing nam 1980 Trong khoang 5 nam gan day cac nghien cim ve dieu cbl BDF dugc chu y nhilu, chii ylu theo phuang phap este hda vdi ngudn nguyen lieu tir diu dau nanh, diu dira, dau an phi thai Mpt s6 cong trinh nghien ciin phan img transeste hoa bing sdng sieu am [2,3]
d/Xu the thai dgi: Sir dyng BDF gdp phin giai quyet an ninh nang lugng, thay thi
ngudn nhien lieu hda thach dang can dan, gdp phan da dang hda va tao ra ngudn nang lugng sach Trong tuong lai, khi cac ngudn nang lugng tmyln thdng can dan thi kha nang sir dyng ngudn nhien lieu mdi se cd nhilu triln vpng ban Do dd, dang nhien lieu mdi dugc tao ra tir
Trang 3Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010
dau thyc vat cd the se la tiln dl cho viec djnh hudng phat trien cay thyc vat cd dau \ a md rdng nganh cdng-ndng nghiep san xuit va tinh che dau thuc vat Iam nhien lieu d qui md Idn
Tuy nhiin, niu chi sdn xudt biodiesel thi gid thdnh sdn phdm se dnh hudng din khdng nhitngkhd ndng ung dung md cdn dnh hudng din ngudi trdng nguyin liiii-ld nhirng viing kinh li khd khdn, thu nhdp thdp Do dd, cdn thiit phdi cd mdt cdng nghi hodn chinh, tgo rg ciing liic nhiiu sdn phdm khdc nhgu trin mdt dan vi nguyen lieu, de hg gid thdnh sdn phdm ciing nhu dn dinh gid thu mua nguyin lieu, bdg ddm ngudi trdng cd thi song dugc vdi sdn phdm ldm rg ciig minh Dd chinh Id cdng nghi khdng bd thdi trong sdn xudt biodiesel tir ddu thuc vgt ciig Viin Khoa hgc Vdt lieu lfng ditng
H.Nhiing ket qua nghien ciru thuc nghiem
De phyc vy cho rnyc dich san xuit nhien lieu sinh hpc, chiing t6i da tiln hanh nghien cim d6ng bp nhieu van de lien quan nhu sau:
- Nghien cuu t6ng the cac loai hat cd diu beo dang cd tai Viet nam
- Nghien ciin cac san pham phy dong hanh vdi qua trinh san xuit biodiesel
- San xuat thir nghiem B-lOO dat tieu chuin va thir nghiem tren dpng ca
- Nghien ciin sy anh hudng ciia cac mach hydroeacbon trong B-lOO len thanh
phan khi thai
ILL Cac loai dau beo o Viet nam co thi lam nguyen lieu cho Biodiesel
6 Viet nam, nam 1924 CREVOST va LEMARIE da thing ke dugc 70 loai cay cd diu
Nam 1970, PHAN KE LQC da suu tim dugc 474 loai thupc 330 chi ciia 96 hp thyc vat Din nhihig nam gan day V.N.TU va cac ddng nghiep d Vien khoa hpc Viet nam da thing ke dugc tren 564 loai ciia hon 100 hp cay cd diu Dac dilm vj tri dja ly da tao cho nude ta dilu kien trdng va thich nghi nhilu loai cay cd diu ban dja cung nhu nhap ngoai, lam cho danh sach cay cd_dau ngay cang dai them va phong phii ca vl s l lugng va chit lugng Nhirng cay cd diu phi bien d nude ta dugc cac nha khoa hpc ciia Vien khoa hpc Viet nam xip thanh 51 loai trong
19 hp [4,5,6,7] 0 day chiing tdi chi gidi thieu mpt s l diu cd thi sir dyng lam nguyen lieu cho san xuat Biodiesel:
Bdng I B-IOO ciia mdt sd logi ddu beo Viet ngm;
Diesel dau mo
n-parafin
n-DecanCioH22
n-CetanCioH34
Napten
Decalen
C10H20
Metyldipropyl-Decalylmetan
Cetan
77,02
100
48,85
20,98
B-lOO
Diu t h y c v a t Viet nam
Diu bdng vai Ninh thuan (18% C12-C16 ; 80%
C18-C20) Diu hat Sd Ha Giang (35%C8-C16 ; 64% C18-C20)
Diu hat Cao su Binh phudc (10% C14-C16, 88%
C18-C20) Diu hat Cai Ha giang (57% C18 va 40% C20) Diu gdn Tiln giang (16% C12-C16, 83% C18) Diu dira Tiln giang (20% C9-C10, 50% C 16,25%
CI8)
Cetan
47
49
47
46
48
49
Trang 4Tiiu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-01 !-3 CioHn-CgHn
Hydrocarbon
thffm:
Metylnaptalen
C10H7CH3
Octylnaphtalen
CioHyCgHiv
Dau diesel thuffng
pham
0
18,12
52-55
Dau Cam gao Tien giang (25% C8-C16, 70%> C18) Diu lac ( dau phong) Ddng nai (10%o C12-C16
85%C18) Diu dau nanh DlngNai(12% C14-C16 85%C18) Diu Cp niii Ha giang (Cui qua)(37% C6-C16-60%
C18) Diu cp niii Ha giang( nhan)(85% C6-C16, 13%C18)
Diu cp Malaixia nhap khiu (35%) CI2-C16, 63%
C18)
Dau thirc v a t Chau Au
• • Diu hat Hudng duang(12% C14-C16, 87% C18) Cai diu (rape) (6% C14, 81% C18, 12% C20
49
47
47
49
49
49
47
48
Qua bang 1, cd the thay rang cac loai dau beo Viet nam deu cd the dimg de san xuat
B-100 vdi chat lugng khdng thua kem cac loai dau ciia Chau Au hay Bac My Ngoai ra cdn mpt s6 loai dau khac hien dang dugc dau tu trdng nhu jatropha
II.2 Nghien cihi san pham phu trong qua trinh san xuat biodiesel
Nhu da trinh bay d tren, viec san xuat biodiesel lu6n gap phai van de trg gia C5 Due, ngudi ta phai trg gia cho nong nghiep de san xuat dau hat cai ( diu Rape) Khi Nha nude khdng the tiep tyc trg gia, van de gia nguyen lieu da lam cho nganh c6ng nghiep san xuit Biodiesel gap nhieu kho khan.Viet nam trong tuang lai ciing se gap phai tinh hinh tuong ty,
neu viing nguyen lieu tap tmng vao mpt so it nha diu tu D I kh6ng bj phy thupc, chung t6i da
nghien cim su da dang nguyen lieu nhu da trinh bay d tren
Hinh 2; Sa dd cdng nghi khdng bd thdi;
Hat dau TV —• Vo Van ep ben DUO'C
Ep dau Nhan Ba sau khi ep
Dau
SX biodiesel
Cac chat co HTSH
Thuc an gia siic
Thuoc trir sau SH
Biodiesel
Glyxerin thucng pham
NC tong hop Polyme tu phan huy tu glyxerin
Trang 5Hoi nghi Khoa hgc ky niim 35 ndm Viin Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10/2010
III.Co cau san pham ciia cong nghe
-i-Van ep composite ben nude tir vd
+Thu6c trir sau
+Thuc an gia siic
+Glyxerin va Biopolyme tir glyxerin
+Biodiesel
III.l Van ep ben nuuc [8]
Cac loai vd hat Trau, Sd Cao su, Jatropha, dugc xay nhd, sau dd trdn vdi phy gia va phdi lieu, ep d viing nhiet dp 220-230 °C, vdi luc ep la 30Kg/cm^ San phim la van ep bin nude, cd cac cac uu diem ban han van dang ban tren thj tmdng
PPinh 3 ; Sdn xudt thu nghiim vdn ep bin nude
+ Dien tich tim ep: 0,5m x 0,5m x 0,01m; Trpng lugng sgi thien nhien (xa dira, ram, ra): 0,5 kg;
Trpng lugng Phi thai: 0,8 kg; Trpng lugng phy gia: 1,2 kg; Luc ep: 30 kg/cm2
Bdng 2; Kit qud xdc dinh cdc tinh chdt vdt ly ciia tdm ep composite vd so sdnh vdi vdn ddm thi trudng nhu sau;
Ten
mau
1-A
2-B
3-C
4-D
Van
thj
trudng
Dp ben
u6n MPa
TCVN
365.1970
7,69
2,40
9,35
3,40
1,32
Dp ben keo MPa TCVN 364.1970 2,60 0,87 4,20 1,96
0,83
Dp ben khi ngam nudclanh 27-29 °C
2 gid, siy 60 °C trong 3h TC 04-90
Kh6ng thay ddi Khdng thay doi Kh6ng thay d6i Khong thay ddi
Ra
Dp ben khi ngam nude sdi va tilp tyc dun sdi trong
45 ph TC 04-90
Khong thay ddi Khdng thay ddi Kh6ng thay ddi Khdng thay doi
Ghi Chu
A,B,C,D
la thanh phan ciia mau
Ra
Trang 6Tiiu ban: Khoa hoc Vgl lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-0 !
III.2 Nghien ciin trich ly Saponin trong ba DTV di lam thulc trii' sau sinh hoc [9]
Sau khi trich diu tir nhan hat, ba cdn khoang tir 35-53% so \'di nhan , vdi nha may san xuit 30 tin hat /ngay, lugng ba thai ra ciing khoang tren dudi 15 tan ba /ngay Trong ba chira mpt lugng Idn protein khoang 50%, cao ban khd dau nanh nhung cd chira mpt lugng saponin dang kl la 1 dpc t l dii vdi dpng vat do do khdng the lam thirc an gia siic khi chua loai saponin D I loai saponin ra kh6i ba , chiing t6i diing Methanol hoac Ethanol cd dp cdn
50-80%, d nhiet dp tir 50 °C din 65 °C Sau dd loai cin khdi hgp chat chira Saponin Cdng doan
tren dugc tiln hanh lai vdi dung mdi la Butanol Sau khi loai Butanol hgp chat tren dugc boa tan bing mpt lugng Ethanol rli kit tinh Saponin bing hon hgp ether-aceton( 1:4).Saponyl dugc diing lam thulc trir sau sinh bpclTng dyng cy the la cac loai tbudc diet bp dau den d miln Ddng Nam bp dang dugc thir nghiem vdi ket qua tdt:
Hinh 4; Sdn phdm Iu Saponyl
III.3 Thuc an gia sue va chat tang trong tir ba Dau thuc vat [10]
So sanh san pham len men ba DTV tir chiing nam moc Aspergillus niger K84 va vi khuan Bacillus sublilis vdi san pham nhap tir nude ngoai nhu Kemzym va Termamyl :
Kemzym la 1 san pham thirc an bd sung dung trong chan nudi san xuat d Singapore
dang sir dyng rong rai d Viet Nam Kemzym ciing la mpt che pham sinh hpc dugc san xuat tii' viec len men bdi chiing Aspergillus, san pham nay giau enzym, myc dich bd sung enzym cho thirc an chan nu6i, chiing giiip gia sue, gia cam tang trpng nhanh, tieu hao thirc an it, phong benh dudng mpt Gia ban d thj trudng Viet nam ( gia ciia nam 2005) la 40.000 ddng/kg
Termamyl la san pham ( amylase ciia hang Novo, Dan Mach dugc sir dyng de thiiy
phan tinh hot diing trong cong nghe san xuat dudng glucose, mach nha hoac san xuat cdn tir tinh hot Lieu diing lg Termamyl thiiy phan 1kg tinh bpt Gia ban hien nay d Viet Nam( gia ciia nam 2005) la 120.000 dIng/kg
Chiing tdi so sanh boat lyc enzym ( amylase, protease, cellulase va dam tdng so ciia
san pham A (ba DTV : ba khoai mi 8:2) len men tir nim mIc A.niger K84 va san phim B (ba DTV: bdt bap 1:2) len men tir chiing Bacillus sublilis vdi san pham kemzym va Termamyl
ciia nude ngoai Ket qua nhan dugc:
Bang 3; So sdnh sar
Chi tieu/ Mau
a amylasa(UI/g)
A 384,6
I phdm len men ciia
Kemzym 16,2
qui trinh (A,B)vdi sdr
B 366,7
phdm nhdp;
Termamyl
12362
Trang 7Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I 'iin Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
Qua bang nhan thiy san phim A cd boat lyc enzym ( amylase cap gap hon 20 lan va cellulase cao gip ban 2.5 lin va dam ting s l cao hon gip 55 lin ciia kemzym, nhu vay cd the thay thi kemzym bing san phim A san xuit tir ba DTV Ien men vdi nam moc Aspergillus niger K84 San phim B c6 boat luc ( amylase thip hon Termamyl gan 3.5 lan, dieu nay cho thiy CO thi thay thi Termamyl bing san phim B san xuit tir ba DTV len men vdi vi khuan
Bgcillus sublilis
III.4.Glyxerin va Biopolyme tir glyxerin [11]
Thanh phin chinh diing dl san xuit loai vat lieu nay la tinh bpt, glyxerin (san pham phy ciia qua trinh san xuit biodiesel tir diu thuc vat) va mpt sd chat phy gia can thiet khdng gay dpc hai cho m6i trudng va sire khoe ciia con ngudi Loai Polyme nay cd the ty buy hoan toan sau 30 ngay (khi chdn trong dat)
Hinh 5; Sdn phdm biapolyme lit glyxerin ciig qui trinh
n i 5 Biodiesel[12]
Mpt so mau B-lOO dugc san xuat tir dau thyc vat Viet nam d qui m6 pilot 100 kg/ ngay de xac djnh che dp c6ng nghe ciing nhu hieu suat ciia phan iing dugc t6ng ket trong bang sau:
Bdng 5: Tiiu chudn Biodiesel ciia cdc mdu;
STT
1
2
3
Chi so Hoa ly
Ty trpng( g/ml)
Dp nhdt DH(mm^/s)
Ham lugng nude
Et>ieste
Dau Cao su
0,895 3,838 0,245
Et>'leste Dau Bong
0,897 3,790 0,173
Etyleste Diu Gon
0,896 2,477 0,206
Etyleste Dau Dieu
0,894 3,467 0.187
Etyleste Dau Dira
0,864 3,273 0.165
Trang 8Tiiu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-01
4
5
6
7
8
(mg/Kg) Chi sd axit (mg KOH/g)
Chisdlod(gl2/100g)
Tdng glyxerit(%)m/m)
Glyxerit ty do(%)m/m)
Ham lugng Etyleste (%)
0,621
115
0
0 99,80
0,907
112
0
0 99,96
0,291
110
0
0 99,88
0,655
105
0
0 99,59
0,20
90
0
0 99,97
Bdng 6; So sdnh cdc mdu Bio-I,2,3/IAMS vdi RME vd EDIN 51606
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Chi sd
Ty trpng
(15°C)
Dp nhdt DH
Ham lugng
nude
Chi sd axit
Chi sd lod
Ham lugng
Ester
Tdng Glyxerit
Glixerin tu do
Oxidation
stability
Nhiet dp chdp
chay
Chi sd cetan
Dan vi
g/ml
mm / s mg/kg
mgKOH/g gl2/100g
%m/m
%m/m
%ni/m
h
°C
RME
0,876
4,24
300
0,37 112,9 95,4
0
0 5,9
164
48
Bio-I lAMS
0,886
4,98
165
0,47
85 98,62
0,88
0
24
100
47
Bio-2 lAMS
0,890
5,02
187
0,45
100 98,54
0,88
0
24
105
45,6
Bio-3 lAMS
0,90
5,35
245
0,53
110 98,86
0,88
0
24
115
44,1
EDIN
51606
0,875-0,900 3,5-5,5
<300
<0,5
<115
>96,5
<i,o
<0,02
->110
-Hinh 6; Pilot sdn xudt biodiesel qui md 100 kg/ngdy
Trang 9Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
San pham biodiesel dugc thir nghiem tren ddng ca xe 6 t6 va dpng ca may phat dien, tren co sd dd, nghien cuu sy anh hudng cua dp dai mach hydroeacbon trong biodiesel len khi thai cua dpng ca va nit ra nhimg ket luan chinh sau:
1 Che dp lam viec ciia dpng ca anh hudng din ndng dp cac chit ddc hai cd trong khi thai Khi ddng co lam viec cd tai, ning dp cac chit ddc hai trong khi thai giam xuIng dang
ke
2 Thanh phan mach hydroeacbon trong biodiesel cung dugc chung minh la cd anh hudng den ndng dp cac chat ddc hai trong khi thai:
+ Dp dai mach hydroeacbon da anh hudng din ham lugng CO trong khi thai, vdi thanh phin mach hydrocabon C8-C16 la chii yeu ( 95% va 65% tuang ung) ham lugng
CO nhd Khi thanh phin mach hydroeacbon C18-C20 tang len, ham lugng CO ciing tang theo dang ke
+ Ndng dp NO2 giam hon vdi cac mau khac, cung nhu so vdi diesel diu md, trong dd mau Bio-7 cd ning dp NO2 giam rd ret Nhu vay, khi mach cacbon C18-C20 trong biodiesel chiem ty le tir 75% din 90%, ham lugng NO2 giam so vdi diesel diu md,
+ Ham lugng NO giam ban ban so vdi cac mau cd ham lugng C18<40%) + Ham lugng NO^ trong khf thai giam rd ret va giam ban so vdi diesel diu md Cac mau biodiesel cd thanh phin Cl8-C20 tir 47% trd len , cho ham lugng NOx trong khi thai giam hon so vdi cac miu cd ham lugng Cl8-C20 nhd ban 40%
3 Dieu nay cho thay cd the sir dyng ciing liic cac Ipai diu beo trong mpt mau biodiesel, neu dp dai mach hydroeacbon nim trong viing da khao sat
IV: Ket luan
1 Da nghien cdng nghe kh6ng ba thai trong san xuit biodiesel tir diu thuc vat Viet nam
2 Mpt s6 san pham phy da dugc san xuit thir nghiem va cho thiy cd kha nang ap dung trong thyc te
3 Qua nghien cuu su anh hudng cua dp dai mach hydroeacbon trong thanh phin biodiesel len khi thai ciia ddng ca, cho thiy viec san xuit B-lOO chi dua vao mdt dang nguyen lieu la khdng hgp ly
Trang 10Tieu ban: Khoa hoc \ 'dl lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-01 I -3
V Loi cam on
Chiing tdi xin cam on Hoi d6ng khoa hpc Nganh KHVL-Vien KH&CN VN da cap kinh phi cho chiing tdi thuc hien c6ng trinh nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 H6 Son Lam va cac cpng sy: "Nghien cim thanh phan khi thai ciia dpng ca co sir dyng biodiesel" Tap chi Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe (dang in 2008)
2 Nguyen Thj Phuong Thoa Tinh hinh san xuat va sir dyng biodiesel tren the gidi va kha nang tai Viet nam.Hdi thao khoa hpc lan thir nhat ve nhien lieu cd ngudn gdc sinh hpc d Viet nam, pp 13-20.Vien KH&CN Viet nam, thang 8/2006
3 Nguyen Thj Phuang Thoa va cac cpng sy: Dieu che biodiesel tir dau thyc vat thai bang phuang phap hda am Hdi thao khoa hpc lan thu nhat ve nhien lieu cd ngudn glc sinh hpc d Viet nam, pp 63-75.Vien KH&CN Viet nam, thang 8/2006
4 Ch.Crevost Ch.Lemarie "Cartalogue des prodmts de LTndochine" Tome III, Paris-1983
5 Phan K I Loc: Phan loai thyc vat Viet nam BCUBKHKTNN- Ha noi.1968
6 Pham Van Nguyen Sach"Nhimg cay co diu beo d Viet nam" NXB KHKT Ha ndi 1981
7 Le Kha K I Phan Ipai thuc vat DHTH-Han6i-1983
8 H6 Son Lam va cac cpng su: NC T6ng hgp vat lieu Composite tii' nhua phi thai Bao cao ting kit de tai KHCN cip VKH&CN Viet nam (1999-2000)
9 Hd Son Lam Nguyin Thj Ngpc Hanh va cac cdng su: NC Cbl biln va su dung diu hat sd, Tinh Ha giang Bao cao tdng kit dl tai KHCN cip VKH&CN Viet nam (1999-2000)
10 Hd Son Lam, Vd Thj H^nh va cac cpng sy: NC chiit xuit diu Triu va chi biln cac san pham phu Bao cao ting kit dl tai KHCN cip VKH&CN Viet nam 2000-2001
11 Nguyen Thj Thu Thao, H I Son Lam va cac cpng su: NC ting hgp Polyme ty phan hiiy:Bao cao ting kit dl tai KHCN cip VKH&CN Viet nam 2002-2003
12 Hd Son Lam va cac cdng sy: Nghien cim sir dyng diu thyc vat Viet nam dl san xuit biodiesel Bao cao tdng kit dl tai KHCN cip Vien KH&CN VN nam 2005-2008