KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE CHUYEN GIAO NGHIEN CUU Ap DUNG CAC GIAI PHAP TIET KIEM NANG LUDNG NHAM GIAM THIEU HIEU UMG NHA KINH trong hoat ffgng Idiach san or TP, Ho Chi Minh PGS TS DINH XUAN THANG, ThS DANG[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN CUU Ap DUNG CAC GIAI PHAP TIET KIEM
NANG LUDNG NHAM GIAM THIEU HIEU UMG NHA KINH
trong hoat ffgng Idiach san or TP, Ho Chi Minh
Vien Moi trudng va Tai nguyen Dai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh
Tom tat: Bai bao nay chira swquan ly nang Iwgng khdng hieu qua ton tai nhieu nam nay
trong linh vwc hoat đng khach san, đng thdi xac dinh tiem nang giam khi CÔ gay hieu irng
nha kinh ciia cac khach san a TP HCM Qua đ, tac gia de xuat cac giai phap chung ve tiet kiem
nang Iwgng lien quan den hoat đng khach san nham tang cwdng viec chdng lang phi nang
Iwgng, sir dung nang Iwgng cd hieu qua han, gdp phan giam thieu bien doi khi hau, BVMT, tiet
kiem chi phi va giai quyet dwgc tinh trang thieu hut nang Iwgng hien nay
Abstract: The paper has shown that the energy management inefficient has existed for
many years in hotel operations and focused to determining the CÔ reducing potential which
causes greenhouse effect on the environment by Hotels in HCM city Besides, The Author
recommends some personal methods in general to energy - saving related to Hotel activities
for enhancing the anti-waste energy and using energy more efficiently efficiently, preventing
the changes of climate, protecting the environment, help to reduce climate change, saving cost
and resolving the deficit of energy today
Ị MO DAU
Ngay nay, hien tugng ndng len cQa Trai Dát dang
b mUc bao đng va trd thanh mdi quan tam khdng nhQng
cQa mdt qudc gia ma la cQa toan cau do nhQng anh
hudng nghiem trgng cQa nd gay ra đ'i vdi khf hau, he
sinh thai va quan trgng hon ca la gay nguy hai den đi
sdng cQa con ngudị Mdt trong nhQng khf quan trgng
gay nen hidu Qng nha kfnh đ la khf CỘ
, Viet Nam dugc edng nhan la "Diem dén du Ijch an
toan" Vi vay lugng khach du Ijch den Viet Nam khdng
ngQng gia tang ve sd lugng, dac bidt la d TRHCM Ben
canh vide tang dang ké nhu eau didn nang eho vide md
rdng SX, sinh hoat eua cu dan TR khi lugng khach tang
thi nhu cau luu tru cung tang, dieu nay đng nghTa vdi
lugng dien nang tieu thu ngay cang nhieu, gian tiép lam
gia tang lugng khf thai gay hieu Qng nha kfnh vao bau
khf quyen Vi vay de tai dugc nghidn cUu nham danh
gia kha nang gay hieu Qng nha kfnh do hoat đng khach
san tai TRHCM gay ra, đng thdi de xuát mdt sd bien
phap tiét kidm nang lugng lam giam thiéu hau qua gay
hieu Qng nha kfnh trong ITnh vuc hoat đng khach san
IỊ KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
11.1 Hien trang va djnh húdng phat trién khach san tai TR HCM den nam 2020
Hien nay, TRHCM ed 641 khach san vdi tren 25.700 phdng, trong đ cd 52 khach san tieu ehuan tU 3-5 sao vdi trdn 8.248 phdng, gdm 14 khach san dat tieu chuan 5 sao vdi tdng sd phdng la 4.370, 9 khach san dat tieu chuan 4 sao vdi tdng sd phdng la 1.556 va 30 khach san 3 sao vdi 2.322 phdng Cdn lai la eac khach san 2 sao va tháp hon Cae phdng tieu ehuan 3 - 5 sao thudng xuyen kin chd do ngay cang ed nhieu khach mudn dung nhQng phdng ed dich vu tdt bdn canh đ sd iQgng khach thuang nhan ngay mdt gia tang ndn nhu cau khach san 3-5 sao la rat caọ
Theo du bao cua Sd Du Ijch TRHCM, dén nam 2020, tdng sd phdng thieu hut cd the Idn den 20.000 phdng Ddy la ngudn tieu thu nang lugng Idn can quan tam, quan ly va cd bien phap nang cao hieu suát sQ dung nang lugng
11.2 Hien trang suf dung dien va dir bao li/<jng dien si^f dung cho cac khach san tai Viet Nam den nam 2020
11.2.1 Hien trang sif dung dien cua cac khach san Viet Nam
Trang 2Theo sd lidu khao sat cQa Trung tam nghien cUu va
phat trien ve tie't kiem nang lugng ve sua't tidu thu didn cQa
cac khach san Viet Nam theo vung dja ly va theo vung khi
hau nhu sau: (xem cae Bang 1,2)
Qua bang 1 va 2 ta thay ngudng gia trj ve sua't tidu thu
dien cQa cac khach san 3 sao, 4 sao d nudc ta tuang ddi
cao, nha't la khach san d cae T.P Idn, tap trung nhieu trung
tam thuang mai, diem tham quan, khu vui ehoi phuc vu du
khach nen thu hut nhieu khach du Ijch
11.2.2 Hien trang sif dung dien cac khach san d
TP.HCM
Vi day la de tai tuong dd'i mdi va sd lieu chung ve hien
trang sQ dung didn tai cac khach san d TR HCM chua
dugc thuc hien Do dd, de thuc hien de tai nay tac gia da
chgn ra mdt khach san dien hinh ed sd phdng trung binh
(khach san 4 sao cd 150 phdng) eua khd'i khach san 3 -^ 5
sao de tinh toan Suat tidu hao didn nang cQa mdt khach
san 4 sao dugc ndu d Bieu dd trdn Hinh 1 (xem hinh 1)
Qua Bieu dd ta thay:
san cao Ben canh dd thdi tiet ndng lam cho may lanh lam vide khdng hieu qua, tidu tdn rat nhieu didn nang
- Cac thang 1, 2 va thang 12 cd edng sua't sQ dung phdng rat tha'p nhung didn nang tieu thu lai rat cao vi eac thang nay la cac thang dau nam va cudi nam - thang cua
Id Td't, khach du Ijch ngudi nudc ngoai it, do dd sd phdng thud rat it Mat khac, vao cac thang nay tide tung, cudi hdi nhieu,Juang Qng vdi cac nha hang se hoat ddng nhieu han han cae thang khac, tidu tdn nhieu didn nang han
- Vao thang 11,12 cd cdng sua't sQ dung phdng cao nhung didn nang tieu thu tha'p Dieu nay la do yeu td khach quan: vao thang 11,12 khi hau mat me, ddi khi trdi lanh Do
dd, mdt mat nhu cau sQdung may dieu hoa giam xudng, mat khac he thdng may lanh cung dugc tao dieu kidn lam vide td't hon TU dd mUc tidu thu dien nang cQa he thdng may lanh
se giam xud'ng, it tdn dien nang hon eac thang khac
il.2.3 Dif bao sif dung dien cho khach san tai Viet Nam den nam 2020
Dua vao hien trang sQ dung didn, tac gia du bao lugng
- Suat tidu hao nang
lugng dien eua khach san
khdng ddng deu qua cae
thang, ed thang cao, thang
tha'p Nguyen nhan la do:
+ Khach san la loai
hinh djch vu, cae djch vu d
cac thang khac nhau theo
nhu eau eua khach;
+ Suat tidu hao nang
lugng d trdn dugc tinh dua
vao cdng sua't phdng nhung
lugng didn tidu thu thi lay
theo cdng suat dien tidu thu
eua toan khach san (bao
gdm cac hoat ddng tai cac
nha hang, phdng xdng hoi,
phdng hgp );
+ Vide van hanh cac
thiet bj sQ dung dien khdng
hgp ly: cai dat nhiet do may
lanh qua tha'p, khdng tat den
khi khdng sQdung ;
- Da sd cae khach san
vao thang 4,5 va thang 6 cd
cdng sua't sQ dung phdng
tha'p nhung didn nang tieu
thu cao vi cae thang nay thdi
tie't nang ndng ndn nhu cau
sQ dung may lanh cua khach
Bang 1: Suat tieu thu dien cua cac khach san Viet Nam theo vung dja ly
Chi so
4 sao
Ngifdng gia trj
3 sao 2 sao hoac
thap hcfn Mien Bac
Dien kWh/phdng.ngay ddm
kWh/khach.ngay ddm
71-106 78,3-123.2
31,7-47,6 32,6-47,4
18,7-22,9 20,8 - 33,2
Mien Trung
Didn kWh/phdng.ngay dem
kWh/khach.ngay ddm
-16,2-22,6 16,8-18,7
Mien Nam
Dien kWh/phdng.ngay ddm
kWh/khaeh.ngay ddm
90,6-119,4 152,9-237,3
37,8-43,8 43,4 - 52,9
52 - 63,5 27,3-78,1
Bang 2: Suit tieu thu dien cua cac khach san Viet Nam theo vung khi hau
^IgUdng gia trj
3 sao 2 sao hoac
thap hdn Vung duyen hai
Dien kWh/phdng.ngay dem
kWh/khach.ngay ddm
43,8-77,4 24,2-42,6
29,6-36,6 41,9-62,3
25-46,6 14,7-26,8
Viinq cao nguyen
Dien kWh/phdng.ngay ddm
kWh/khach.ngay dem
-13,5-16,8 15,7-17,4
Vung noi dja
Dien kWh/phdng.ngay ddm
kWh/khach.nqay ddm
88,4-112,4 129,3-178,2
38,4-45,9 37,4-45
26,8-37,1
26 - 43,9
10/2010 B A O HQ LAO DQNG 21
Trang 3Suat tieu hao
(kWh/phdng)
60
40
20
0
-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -10 -1-1 -12
T h a n g
dien sQ dung cho cac khach san tai Viet Nam den nam
2020 nhu sau: (xem Bang 2)
Hien nay cudc khQng hoang nang lugng khdng nhQng
b nude ta ma cdn d ta't ea cac nudc trdn The gidi da va
dang didn ra he't sQc cang thing Do dd bdn canh vide tim
ra ngudn nang lugng mdi de thay the thi van de sQ dung
nang lugng tid't kidm va hieu qua trd thanh muc tieu, xu
hudng trong mgi hoat ddng KT-XH cQa cae nude
Ne'u cac khach san thue hien eac bien phap tiet kidm
nang lugng thi khdng nhQng giam dugc lugng Idn didn nang
tidu thu, tie't kiem dugc chi phi phai tra cho nang lugng ma
cdn gdp phan giam khi thai gay hieu Ung nha kinh
Ml DE XUAT CAC GIAI PHAP TIET KIEM NANG
LOCfNG 001 von KHACH SAN TREN OjA BAN TP HCM
Qua khao sat va kiem toan eho tha'y hau het eac khach
san chua thue hien cae bien phap tie't kidm nang lugng
nao va tdn tai mdt sd van de vd sQ dung nang lugng khdng
hieu qua TQ dd, tac gia dd xuat mdt sd giai phap quan ly,
ky thuat tap trung vao muc tieu tie't kidm nang lugng phu
hgp vdi dieu kidn tUng khach san d TP.HCM nhu sau:
III.1 Mot sd giai phap quan ly tiet kiem nang lu'dng
a Tang nhiet do cai dat he thdng dieu hda khdng khi
Tang nhiet do cai dat may dieu hda khdng khi Idn 24
- 26''C Nhiet do nay phu hgp cho nhQng sinh hoat cQa con
ngudi d vung nhiet ddi Nhiet do cd the dugc cai dat dd
dang bang bd dieu chinh nhiet do cQa may Vdi giai phap
nay khi tang nhiet dd cai dat Idn I^C thi cd the tie't kidm
2-3% nang lugng tidu thu may
b Bao tri, ve sinh cac may dieu hda khdng khi thwdng
xuyen
Bang 3 Cong suat dien sif dung va
Nam
Hien tai
Du bao de'n nam 2020
dif bao den nan 2020
Khach san 3 -^ 5 sao
Sd phong 39.000 50.000
Dien (kWh/nam) 686.696.400 880.380.000
Khach san 2 sao hoac thap hdn
Sd phong 101.000 122.000
Dien (kWh/nam) 1.111.111.100 1.342.134.200
Cac may lanh sau mdt thdi gian sQ dung bui se bam vao cac dan ndng va dan lanh lam giam hieu sua't may ndn vd sinh may dieu hda khdng khi thudng xuyen (ve sinh bd lgc cQa dan lanh mdi thang, vd sinh dan lanh mdi
3 thang va ve sinh dan ndng mdi 6 thang) Khi bd lgc dan lanh ban ed the giam 30 - 40% hidu sua't may didu hda khdng khi
Neu khdng bao tri td't may dieu hda khdng khi thi tudi thg may se giam khoang 50% so vdi may bao tri tdt
c Che chan dan ndng cac may dieu hda khdng khi tranh anh nang chieu trwc tiep
Vdi giai phap nay tranh dugc hien tugng bQc xa nhiet trong eac may nen, lam gia tang hidu suat cQa chQng, tU
dd se giam didn nang tidu thu Ngoai ra, tudi thg cQa may cung dugc keo dai Lfde lugng dien nang giam khoang 5% khi thuc hien giai phap nay
d Wu tien van hanh cac may lanh cd he sd lam lanh cao
Thay the cae may lanh cu ed he sd lam lanh tha'p bang may cd he sd lam lanh cao se giup tie't kidm 18-20% didn nang tidu thu Khi dau tu may ed the lua chgn may hien dai vdi may nen dugc dieu khien bang bien tan (edng suat may lanh dugc dieu khien thay ddi thdng minh theo
sd lugng ngudi, kich thude phdng, nhiet do mdi trudng ben ngoai, ) cd cam bie'n phat hien ngudi va cd lap trinh theo thdi gian SQ dung loai may dieu hda khdng khi nay cd the tie't kidm tQ 20 - 30% nang lugng tidu thu so vdi sQ dung may loai thdng thudng khdng cd inverter
d Cai dat nhiet do ciia may nwdc ndng phii hgp
Nhiet do may nude ndng dugc cai dat phu hgp cho nhu cau sQ dung cQa khach thue phdng eac khach san tU
50 - 60''C Khi cai dat nhiet do cao hon ed the gay bdng eho ngudi sQ dung va ton mgt lugng didn nang de gia nhiet nudc Idn nhiet do qua mUc can thie't
e Quan ly tdt tii ddng lanh thwc pham
Oat cac tu lanh va tu ddng d nhQng noi mat va cd thdng gid td't, tranh cac ngudn nhiet
Khdng dugc de ddng bang trdn eac dan bay hoi, khdng bao gid eho thue pham ndng vao tQ lanh
Sap xe'p vide lay ra va chat vao kho nhieu hang hoa trong mdt lan md/ddng cQa tu dd giam thdi gian va sd lan
ddng - md cQa tQ lanh
Djnh ky kie'm tra cac nidm/ khe cQa cQa kho mat va kho ddng
TQ lanh d phdng khach: chgn tQ lanh ed dan nhan Ngdi sao nang lugng va sQ dung mdi chat khdng cd CFC Dieu chinh
Trang 4nhidt dd 6 mUe phu hgp, vQa ed the dap Qng nhu eau sQ
dung vQa tie't kidm nang lugng Duy tri nhiet do phan giQ
mat tu 2 ^ 4°C va nhiet do tQ phan lam ddng tQ 15 ^ -18 °C
f Quan ly tdt cac thiet bi a bep an/nha hang
May rQa chen: lau chui thudng xuyen de giup may
hoat ddng hidu qua han
Ld nudng: dieu chinh nhiet do d mUe phu hgp, nhiet
do cao hon khdng cd nghTa gia nhiet se nhanh hon Van
hanh Id nudng d mUc day tai ne'u cd the, lau chui cac vach
ben trong va cae bd phan khac thudng xuyen de dat dugc
hieu qua truyen nhiet tdt nhat, giup tie't kiem nang lugng
g Quan ly tdt cac thiet bi van phdng
- Tat eac may vi tinh va man hinh khi khdng sQ dung;
- Khdng md may in, may scan khi khdng sQ dung;
- Giam khdi lugng photocopy bang each luu ehuyen
thdng tin tai lieu bang cac bang thdng tin hoac thu dien tQ;
- Lap dat may photocopy d nhQng khu vuc khdng cd
may dieu hda khdng khi ne'u cd the;
- Ndu cac may cd che do "Energy star" thi ludn cai dat
cac may d che do "Energy star" hoac chd do chd (standby)
Dieu nay se dam bao eac may se chuyen sang ehe do tieu
thu didn tha'p sau mdt thdi gian khdng sQ dung;
- Nen lua chgn mua cae thie't bj ed dan nhan Ngdi sao
nang lugng, cd edng sua't tidu thu nang lugng it va ed cac
chd do tie't kiem nang lugng
h Tuyen truyen, giao due y thWc tiet kiem nang Iwgng
- Keu ggi khach luu tru tham gia vao vide tie't kiem
nang lugng bang each tat cae thie't bj khi khdng ed nhu eau
sQ dung Oat cae nhan/bieu ngQ gan edng tac chinh hoac
ben canh cQa de nhac nhd khach tat didn trudc khi rdi
phdng
- Keu ggi khach sQ dung lai khan, drap giudng - >
giam thieu thdi gian giat va hda chat sQ dung - ^ giam ehi
phi didn, nudc, nhan cdng -^ giam ONMT
- Lanh dao khach san can thudng xuyen md cac Idp huan luyen va hoac td chUe eac cudc thi thue hanh, tuyen truyen ve tie't kidm nang lugng giup nhan vidn tha'y dugc nhQng Igi ich cQa vide tie't kiem nang lugng ddi vdi khach san va mdi trudng Bdn canh dd, dd'i vdi khach thud phdng can phat nhQng td budm cd ndi dung tuyen truyen nhQng Igi ich cQa vide tie't kiem nang lugng ddi vdi mdi trudng hay lam nhQng khau hidu cd ndi dung giao due y thQc tie't kidn nang lugng dat d nai phu hgp trong cac phdng cQa khach san
Ili.2 Cac giai phap ky thuat tiet kiem nang lifting
a Thay bdng den day tdc bang bdng den compact
Cae bdng ddn day tdc thudng cd cdng sua't Idn va rat tdn dien Dien nang sQ dung cQa den compact ehi bang 1/
5 so vdi cac den day tdc nhung ed do chieu sang khdng ddi Tuy theo cdng sua't, thdi gian sQ dung cac bdng den day tdc va den compact dugc thay the ma cd lugng didn nang tie't kidm tuang Ung Cac bdng den day tdc thudng dugc thay bang den compact ed cdng sua't tuong Ung nhu sau: (xem Bang 3)
SQ dung cac mang den chat lugng cao, vide lam nay khdng nhQng mang tfnh trang tri ma cdn tang do sang, ddi khi Idn de'n 30% Thudng xuydn ve sinh chda den, bdng den vi mdt bdng den bj ban se giam 10 -15% hieu sua't chieu sang
b Thay bdng den huynh quang (/>32 bang den cd (/)28
Khi thay bdng den huynh quang cd (|)32 bang den ed (j) 28 thi ed the tie't kiem dugc 4W eho mdi bdng nhung do sang khdng thay ddi
c Cho quat cua cac FCU ngirng hoat ddng khi khach
ra khdi phdng va lap dat cac bd dieu khien tifxa giiip nhan vien tiep tan chij dong dieu khien ddng md cac AHU khu vwc dai sanh theo gid quy dinh
Bang 4: Cong
Den day tdc Den compact thay the
sua't dien tieu hao cua cac
11W 5W
13W 5W
25W 7W
• loai bong den
40W 11W
50W 13W
75W 15W
100W
23W
500W 70W (2 bdng)
Bang 5 Ket qua tinh toan chi phi nang lu'dng va phat thai CO^
Khach san
Ta't ca khach san b
TP.HCM hien nay
Ta't ca khach san b
TP.HCM du bao de'n nam
2020
Tieu thu (kWh/nam)
307.353.642
546.539.357
Tiet kiem (kWh/n^m)
90.940.551
161.711.408
Tiet kiem/nam (VNO/nam)
145.505.000.000
258.738.000.000
Phat thai 002 (tan/nam)
484.628
861.771
Giam phat thai COj (tan/nam)
143.369
254.940
10/2010 BAO HQ LAO DQNG 23
Trang 5B Tieu t h y ( k W h / n a m )
i • TiSt ki$iTi ( k W l V n a m )
600000000
500000000
400000000
300000000
200000000
100000000
0
/
^
y
-^
T a
r\ 1
H^
ca khach Tat
T —
ca khach
S9n a sgn o
T P , H C M h i # n T P HCM d « nay bao den nam
2020
Q Phat thai C 0 2 (tan/nam)
• Giam phat thai C 0 2 (tin/nam
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
y\
y
Tat ca khach Tat ca khach san cr TP.HCN*an o T P H C M hien nay d u bao den
nam 2020
Hinh 2: Bleu do lifdng dien tiet kiem di/dc va lifdng khi CO^ giam phat thai cua tat ca cac
khach san d TP.HCM hien nay va dif bao den nam 2020
Quat gid cQa FCU dat d chd do LOW khi khach ra
khdi phdng vdi muc dich thdng gid la khdng can thiet vi
thdi gian khach ra ngoai khdng lau, khdng khi trong phdng
khdng ddn ndi am mdc ddn mQc khdng the chap nhan
dugc hoac neu ed thi mQc do rat thap va mau chdng mat di
khi FCU hoat ddng trd lai Tuy theo thdi gian khach ra khdi
phdng va cdng sua't quat ma cd lugng didn nang tid't kidm
tuong Ung
d Thay doi phwang phap xa da dan lanh kho trW
ddng
Khi thay ddi phuang phap xa da sQ dung dien trd
bang phuang phap xa da bang nudc thi didn nang tidu tdn
giam 4-8 lan so vdi phuang phap sQ dung didn trd Ben
canh dd, phuang phap xa da sQ dung nude ed the tdi uu
hda thdi gian xa nham tie't giam tdi da didn nang tidu tdn
d Bgc bao dn he thdng lanh
Cac may lanh sau mdt thdi gian sQ dung Idp bao dn
cac dudng dng dan khi lanh va nude lanh se bj hu hdng va
nhiet se bi rd ri ra ngoai gay hao tdn didn nang va gay hu
hai ca'u true khach san Khi Idp bao dn cac dudng dng ddn
khi lanh va nudc lanh khdng bj hdng cd the giam dugc 5%
lugng didn nang may lanh tidu thu
e Lap dat cac den cam irng khu vwc it ngwai qua lai
va nha ve sinh
Trong khach san b nhQng khu vuc edng cdng it ngudi
qua lai nhung cd nhu cau vd chieu sang thi lap eac den
cam Qng Dac diem cQa cac den nay la cd bd phan nhan
bie't vat ehuye'n dgng Khi cd ngQdi thi den se tQddng sang
va khi khdng ed ngQdi thi nd se tu ddng tat sau mdt thdi
gian dugc cai dat
f Lap dat he thdng nwdc ndng sut dung nang Iwgng
mat trdi
Vdi mat do nang lugng bUc xa trdn khu vuc TRHCM
va eac vung phu can dat trung binh 19MJ/mlh thi khach san nen lap dat he thdng cung cap nude ndng bang nang lugng mat trdi (NLMT) va kha nang cung cap nudc ndng cQa mdt may trung binh la 300lit/ngay vdi nhiet dd nudc trung binh dat dugc 60°C (nhiet do nude vao khoang 28''C) trong nhQng ngay nang td't Cdn nhQng ngay nang yeu thi
he thdng cd the gia nhiet nudc len den 40''C, phan gia nhiet cdn lai do cac may nude ndng dam nhan
Mdt may nudc ndng NLMT giup gia nhiet lugng nudc cap 300 lit/ngay tU nhiet do 28°C len nhidt do 60°C thi thu dugc lugng nhiet nang la:
' Q = 300 kg/ngay x 0,997 Keal/kg.dd x (60-28)''C
= 9571,2 Kcal/ngay =11,1 kWh/ngay Mdt may nude ndng NLMT giup gia nhidt lugng nudc cap 300 lit/ngay tU nhiet do 28°C len nhiet do 40^0 thi thu dugc lugng nhidt nang la:
' Q = 300 kg/ngay x 0,997 Keal/kg.dd x (40-28)°C
= 3589,2 Keal/ngay = 4,16 kWh/ngay Vide lap dat he thd'ng nudc ndng dung NLMT khdng ddi hdi phai thay ddi nhieu trong khach san va tudi thg cQa
he thd'ng rat cao (tren 15 nam)
Tuy theo nhu cau nudc ndng cua tUng khach san ma
cd the tinh toan dugc lugng didn nang tie't kidm khac nhau
III.3 Cac giai phap khac
a He thong dien:
- Lap thdm eac ddng hd didn cho cac phu tai chinh
trong khach san, bang cacf^theo ddi nang lugng tidu thu
cd the xac djnh nguydn nhan khi mUc tidu thu cao va dieu chinh kjp thdi
- Mach dien cap cho khach san ndn thdng qua eac tu ddng ngat trudc khi cung cap eho cac he thdng rieng le
Trang 6Tat ca eac tQ dien nay dugc bd tri trong mdt khdng gian
rdng rai va theo tUng day rieng se thuan tien trong edng
tac bao tri, bao dudng va ve sinh djnh ky
- Djnh ky thu thap eac dQ lieu va xQ ly de nam dugc
tinh trang van hanh cQa thie't bj
- Xay dung ke hoach bao tri thie't bj, bao gdm cae hoat
ddng da dang nhu lam sach bd lgc khdng khi, kiem tra
niem/khe cQa cQa tQ ddng nham dam bao edng sua't va
hieu qua hoat ddng d mQc tdi uu Viec lam nay cung giup
lam tang tudi thg cQa thiet bj, giup giam didn nang tieu thu
va giam ehi phi tren hoa dan nang lugng
- Vao cac thdi diem tidu thu dien: cao diem, tha'p diem
va binh thudng trong ngay can ed nhan vien ghi chep can
than, sd lugng didn tidu thu dugc cap nhat tUng ngay, tUng
thang, tUng nam de khi cd su tang didn tidu thu mdt each
dot bie'n se dugc phat hien va can thiep kjp thdi
- Tat cac thie't bj khdng can thiet vao gid cao diem
- Lap cac chia khoa gal tuddng ngat ngudn dien hoac
la he thdng trung tam ddng ngat dien dat tai quay le tdn khi
khach rdi khdi phdng Cd nhieu loai khoa gai: khoa gai
dang tU, dang nhua, sQ dung ky thuat sd
b He thdng cira so:
SQ dung loai cQa sd Euro Window/ va US Window
bdn ngoai cac cQa sd, cQa ra ban cdng mat tien khach san
Vdi giai phap dau tu nay giup giam khoang 40% phu tai
nhiet cho he thdng dieu hda khdng khi vao thdi gian bj
nang chie'u, dam bao tien nghi nhidt do cho du khach
c He thdng thang may:
La mdt bd phan khdng the thieu trong cac khach san,
nhung so vdi cac thiet bi khac thi nang lugng tieu thu chiem
khdng nhieu Mdt vai giai phap giup tid't kiem nang lugng nhu:
- Vao gid tha'p diem ndn tam dQng thang may hoac
ehi van hanh mdt thang (ne'u khach san ed nhieu thang
may)
- Nen sQ dung loai thang may cd lap bien tan
(in-verter) giup van hanh em, dn djnh va tie't kiem dien
- Bd tn phdng eho khach hgp ly, lien ke eac phdng da
dugc dat va d tang tha'p nha't cd the nham han ehe sQ dung
tfiang may giam tidu thu nang lugng va ehi phi nhan cdng
cf Van de sir dung nwdc:
Hau het eac khach san deu phai sQ dung ddng co
bam nudc dd tich trQ nudc thuy cue vao bdn chQa va phdn
phdi trong khach san ndn sQ dung nude tie't kiem cGng gdp
phan tid't kidm didn Mdt vai giai phap dan gian:
- Cae bdn cau nen sQ dung loai cd che do tie't kiem
nudc
- Thay cac vdi nudc thudng bang vdi nude tu ddng
ngat, vdi nudc cam Ung d eac khu vuc edng cdng, lap them
cac sensor ngat nudc tu ddng sau 5 giay b cac vdi nude
edng cdng nham tranh that thoat nudc ed the xay ra do khach luu tru hoac nhan vien qudn tat cac vdi nudc
- Tranh van hanh thie't bj xQ ly nudc cua be bai vao gid cao diem
d Giai phap khac:
- Giai phap lap them cac bd ddng cQa tu ddng d cac
cQa ra vao chinh nham giam tdn that lanh khu sanh ra khdng gian ben ngoai
- Trang bj tivi LCD cd dan nhan Ngdi sao nang lugng, chat lugng cao, dep, sang trgng va tid't kidm de'n 60% dien nang so vdi loai tivi thdng thudng
- Thay the dan cac may lanh sQ dung chat CFC, cac
tQ lanh sQdung R12
- Trang bj may Qi bang hoi nude nham tid't kidm didn nang tieu thu
- Bd tri cae hoat ddng khac nhau trong khach san (giat
Qi, bam nude, ddng lanh ) trong gid tha'p diem Vdi giai phap nay se gdp phan giam tai gid cao diem va tie't kiem dugc mdt phan chi phi dien nang
IV DANH GIA VIEC AP DUNG CAC GIAI PHAP TIET KIEM NANG LUffNG DOI VOI KHACH SAN THEN DjA DAN TP HCM
Vide ap dung cae giai phap trdn mang lai nhQng hieu qua thie't thuc ve mat KT-XH va mdi trudng nhu:
- Giup nang cao hieu qua sQ dung nang lugng, tid't kidm didn nang tieu thu cQa khach san, gdp phan giai quye't dugc tinh trang thie'u hut nang lugng nhu hien nay giam tinh trang cup dien luan phien, giam ehi phi dau tu xdy dung phat trien mang ludi dien Qud'c gia
- Tie't kiem ehi phi cho khach san
- Giup nang cao hinh anh khach san vdi khach hang
- Giup tang tudi thg thiet bj dien, giam su cd va rui ro cho vide sQdung dien
- Giup mgi ngudi nhan thUe dugc vide tid't kidm nang lugng ngoai tie't kidm chi phi cdn gdp phan lam giam lugng khi thai gay hieu Qng nha kinh, bdi khi chung ta sQ dung nhieu nang lugng thi lugng khi nha kinh thai vao bau khi quyen cung tang cao, lam cho nhidt do be mat Trai da't ndng len, nudc bien dang cao
- Gdp tieng ndi chung vao nhQng nd luc chdng lai su bie'n ddi khi hau toan eau
Ke't qua tinh toan ehi phi nang lugng va phat thai khi COj dat duoc eu the nhu sau: (xem Bang 4 va Bieu dd tren Hinh 2)
V KET LUAN
1 Tidu thu dien nang cQa cac khach san la mgt trong cac van de can quan tam dd'i vdi bie'n ddi khi hau va mdi
10/2010 B A O HQ LAO DQNG 25
Trang 7trudng toan cau tai TR HCM
2 Theo sd iieu dieu tra hien nay trdn dja ban TR
HCM cd khoang 25.700 phdng, trong dd ed 52 khach san
tidu ehuan tU 3-5 sao vdi tren 8.248 phdng, cdn lai la eac
khach san 2 sao va tha'p han; theo djnh hudng phat trien
cua nganh du Ijch de'n nam 2020, TRHCM se thie'u hut ed
the len den 20.000 phdng Vdi sd lugng phdng nhu trdn
lugng didn tieu thu hien tai khoang 307.353.642 KWh/
nam va den nam 2020 la 546.539.357 KWh/nam Day
thue su la mdt ap lue rat Idn cho nganh didn ndi rieng va la
van de can quan tam trong chien lugc giam thieu dien
nang tidu thu nham giam thieu khi thai gay hieu Qng nha
kinh va bien dd'i khi hau
3 Vdi eac bien phap dan gian can ap dung nhu da de
xua't d trdn kha nang giam thie'u, tiet kiem dien trong hoat
ddng du Ijch rat dang ke Ne'u nhu ta't ca khach san tai
TRHCM deu thue hien td't cac giai phap ve tid't kiem nang
lugng thi cd the tie't kiem tU 20 - 30 % tdng ehi phi nang
lugng cQa khach san va se tid't kiem dugc cho TRHCM:
Lugng didn nang gan: 91 trieu kWh/nam, chi phi tie't kidm
han 145 ty dong/nam, giam lugng khi thai gay hidu Qng
nha kinh khoang 143.369 tan COj/nam
4 Du bao den nam 2020 tiem nang giam khi thai gay
hidu Qng nha kinh do hoat ddng khach san d TRHCM la:
254.940 tan CO^/nam - vdi lugng CO^ giam phat thai nay
tuong duong vdi su phat thai CO^ cQa 25.940 ngudi trong
1 nam
Day la cac con sd khdng nhd, tU dd eho tha'y vide ap dung cac giai phap ve tid't kiem nang lugng chang nhQng mang lai hidu qua kinh te Idn lao eho eac khach san ndi ridng va Nha nude ndi chung, ma cdn ddng gdp dang ke eho vide phat trien ben vQng dd thj, giam nhe cac tac ddng ddn mdi trudng va dae biet eac chat khi thai gay anh hudng de'n hien tugng Bie'n dd'i khi hau toan cau
Tai lieu tliam liliao
1 Le Huy Ba (2001), Moi trudng khi hau thay doi, moi hiem hoa ciia toan cau, NXB Dai hoc Quoc Gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
2 Tran Ngoc Chan (2001), 6 nhiem khong khi va xir ly khi thai Tap 1, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat
3 Nguyen Khac Cudng (1994), Moi trudng va bao ve moi truang, NXB Dai hoc Bach Khoa Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
4 Pham Ngoc Dang (2003), Moi truang khong khi, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat
5 Trung tam Nghien ciru va Phat trien ve Tiet kiem Nang lugng (2001), Quan ly nang lugng trong khach san
6 Trung tam Tiet kiem Nang lugng TPHCM (2004), Bai giang cac khoa huan luyen tiet kiem nang lugng cho cac doanh nghiep
7 Trung tam Tiet kiem Nang lugng TPHCM (2002), Hoi thao chuyen de: Cac ca hoi tiet kiem va sir dung hieu qua nang lugngtaikhach san, cao dc.Q
D A I L E K Y N I E M (Tiep theo trang 8)
ngugc da chinh thUe md cQa sau 2 nam xay dung Day la noi
trung bay nhQng hien vat do cha dng de lai ed be day Ijch sQ hang
nghin nam, giup ngudi dan ThQ dd va ban be trong nude, qudc td
hieu them vd Ha Ndi va da't nude Viet Nam khi den tham bao
tang Dac biet, ngay tai sanh chinh tang mdt cQa bao tang da
trung bay bQc tranh bang ddng, trong dd la bQc thu khac chQ de
gQi tdi tuang lai, ed kich thude 65x105 em BUc thu nay se dugc
mdrasau 100 nam tdi
Trong djp Oai Ld, Ha Ndi da ddn nhan nhieu mdn qua quy
nhu tugng dai Bac Hd - Bae Tdn do nhan (Jan TR HCM xay dung
tai cdng vidn Thdng Nha't, bQc tranh theu tay dai hon 30 met (dai
nha't Viet Nam) tai hien Ijch sQ Viet Nam qua 3 trieu dai Dinh - Le
- Ly do cae thg thQ cdng tinh Ninh Binh thuc hien, hay tam ban dd
Viet Nam lam bang 1.000 eon rdng vang cao han 5m do cac
nghd nhan Quang Nam ehe tac Nhan djp nay ban be qudc td
cung trao tang Ha Ndi bang nhQng mdn qua thie't thuc nhu he
thdng chieu sang cae edng trinh van hda lich sQ cd gia trj hang
tram nghin euro da dugc Cdng hda Phap tai trg, chuang trinh Ld
hdi Rdng quy md Idn do Tay Ban Nha thue hien a
THANH CHUNG (tong hgp)
LDLD YEN KHANH
(Tiep theo trang 51)
ADIS dugc bien soan eho de hieu, dd nhd phat lien tue trdn he thdng loa truyen thanh Nhddd, du dang lam vide tai phan xudng, edng nhan van cd the lang nghe dugc ndi dung cQa ban tin tuyen truyen Day cung la hinh thQc tuyen truyen dugc hau hdt DN Qng dung, cd tac ddng manh den nhan thQc cQa NLD '
Cdng nhan Nguydn Tudng Nguyen cho bie't:
Chung tdi khdng cd nhieu thdi gian de tim hieu thdng tin ve cae van de xa hdi, do dd phai thUa nhan rang kidn thQc ve ma tuy va HIV/AIDS cQa hau he't cdng nhan la rat han che Tuy nhien, thdng qua cae hinh thQc tuyen truyen ma cac cap CD trien khai trong thdi gian qua, da giup chung tdi nhan rd eac te nan
xa hdi ludn la mdi de doa thudng xuyen den tinh mang, sQc khoe NLD, lam xdi mdn dao dQe, nhan pham va lam tha hoa ddi ngu CNVC-LO Chung tdi
da y thQc dugc la phai tranh xa ma tuy, mai dam de bao vd cudc sdng cQa chinh minh va gdp phan lam lanh manh ddi sdng xa hdi.a