VIEN DIA LY VIEN KHOCN VIET KAM KOI DIA LY VTET NAM BAN YE T 41 NGUYEN VI THE CUA DOT BO B \C BO V 4 BAC TRUNG BO Ld Dire An SUiMMARY Discussing about positional resources ofBacbo & Bac Truugbo coasta[.]
Trang 1VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET KAM KOI DIA LY VTET NAM
BAN YE T.41 NGUYEN VI THE CUA DOT BO
B.\C BO V.4 BAC TRUNG BO
Ld Dire An
SUiMMARY
Discussing about positional resources ofBacbo & Bac Truugbo coastal zone
Positional resources is understood us benefits or vuliies thut u terriloiy could
exploit for humun needs, tliunks lo the advunlage cf its geogruphicul position These
benefits ure in different clomuins: economy, culture, society, militury, politics, und
internutionul prestige The udvuiiluge of space position of Bcicbo & Buc Trungho
coastal zone includes: diversity of nulurul condition, abimdunce of resources,
favourable conditions for exploilion sea resources, for development if varied service
economy The gcUeway position for Laos, North-East Thailand, South China is the good
opportunity for eco-sociul development of this coastal ureu, but the iinporknit henefls
are in the f-onl Coastal islands huve an imporlcml role in border delerininaiion in
Bacbo gulf in enlargement of the internal water areus and exclusive eonomic zone, in
national defence, unci murine resources and environmenl proteclion
I MO DAU
Vi thd vd lui nguyen vi thd Id miit khdi niem luong ddi imVi me vd h'[en clura cd
mdt djnh ngliTa nao rd rdng vd day du dirge cdng nhdn rdng rdi: cdc cum tir do hdu nlur
chua xudt hien trong edc tu di(;ii Chinh vi vdv' cdc ndi dung nghi(=:n ciru vs y\ tin; vd tdi
nguyen vj [he a giai doan hien nay van cdn mang tinh thir nghiem, niur Id cdc de xudt
cdn dugc thao kudn rdng rai Bdi nay so' bd nen len mdt sd khai niijm cd lien quan vd
qua dd de cap budc ddu ve nhung ddc dii§m chinh cua tai nguyen vj the ( I N V i ) ddi bd
Bde B(3 vd Bdc Trung Bd (BB&BTB) Ddi bd dugc hieu Id mdt khdng gian rlidng nhdl
gdm dai ven bien va vimg bien ndng ven bd (coastal 2one)[6], bao gdm ca he tlidiig dao
ven bd Theo truyen thdng d Viet Nam ddi ven bien Idy theo cdc liiiven thi xd thdnh
phd gidp biiin, thu'dng cd cbicu rdng khodng 20-40km tinh tir b(V blcn iro' vdo, Ddi bd
BB&BTB kcio ddi tren I 100km theo dudng bd, tir Qudng Ninh den het Flura
lliien-Hul,
II VE M Q T S O K H A I N I E M CO LIEN QU-\N
Llien nay cae tdi hcu tieng Vii^t da xudt ban de Ccdp true tiep d£n khai nkiii i,/ the
va tdi nguyen v/ the cdn dura nhieu [1.2.6.1 1.12] Nguyen Chu Hdi quan mem: "">, j ihe
Id nhfrng Igi the so sdnh v(§ phuong di(pn dja ly khd nang khai thdc cdc gia ui |}hi \at
chat va Vcdt chat eiia mdt Idnh thd nhat djnIC [6] Cdn [1 1] cho rang vi the cla dirge thira
nhcdn Id mdt dcang tdi nguyen, vd xdc djnh: ""tdi nguyen vj the Id nhfrng gid trj vd lgi ich
CO dugc lu vj tri dja ly \'d cdc lluige tinb \e can tnie, hinh the son vdn vd canh quan,
' ) 'ten Diu iv
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn th& 5 - Hd Ndi, 2010 1007
Trang 2VIEN DIA LY VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIEThtAM
sinh thdi cua mdt khdng gian, cd the su dung cho cac muc dich phdt Irien kinh tl- xa h(5i dam bao an ninh- quoc phdng vd chu quyen qudc gia" Ddng thdi ciing xac djnh
TNVT dugc ddnh gid theo 3 lieu chi Id gid trj ve vi the dia tu nhien vj thi: dia kinh td
vd aid trj vl \ j thi dia chinh tri Trin Dire Thanh cho rang "TNVT bien dugc hieu Id lgi
ich cd dugc tir mdt khu vuc, nndt nai d bien hoac ven bien, dugc dat trong mdi quan he khdng gian ciia khu vuc iy, noi iy'"; vd xdc djnh "TNVT viing bien vd ven bd Viet Nam
Id cac thuy he hoac dja he vdi cd ba hgp phan nen dat (hoac ddy), nude vd khdng khi, ndm trons pham \ i cbii quyIn Qudc gia bao gdm cae vimg bd, cdc ddo, cdc thii} virc
ven bd \d cdc \iing nude ngodi khai" [12], Chimg tdi hieu TNVT cua he thdng dao ven
bd Viet Nam bao gdm nhung lgi ich cd dugc tii' v; tri khong gian eiia edc dao, cum dao, cung nhu cdch sdp xip, phdn bo va tir gia trj hinh the va quy md ciia chung [1 ]
Cling cin neu mdt dilu Id danh tu TNVT chua cd mot tu thdng nhcdt tuong duong bdng tilna Anh, cd tdc gid dich Id space resources [12], cdn chimg tdi da dich la positional resources [1,2] Trong mot van lieu eiia Uy ban Chau Au trinh Nghj vien Chdu Au [5] da xdc djnh tdi nguyen thien nhien cd 4 loai: a/ nguyen lieu (nhu: khodng vat sinh khoi): b/ chat lieu mdi trudng (nlur: khdng khi, nude, ddt); e/ tdi nguyen ddng (nhu: gid dja nbiiJl, tluiy trieu vd ndng lugng mat ti'di); va d/ kkdng gian (space), dugc
U\ ban coi Id hiien nhien vi Id noi duy Iri hay san xudl ra 3 loai tdi nguyen neu tren:
nlur su dung ddt cho djnh cu, co sd hii tang, cho cdng nghiep, khai khodng vd ndng Idm
nghiep Nhir vcdy khdng giun d ddy (space) hodn loan kbdng cd no'\ dung ndi ve TNVT,
\d do do theo quan niem ciia Uy ban Chdu Au thi tai nguyen thicn nhien khdng bao hdm ndi dung TNVT Cdn tdi nguyi^n khdng gian hay khdng trung (space resources) thudng dugc hieu bode Id ngudn tdi lieu dimg de gidi thieu hay gidng day vc khdng gian hoac Id cdc dang tdi nguyen phdn bd trong khdng trung ma con ngu'cii cd the phdi khai tbdc trong tuong lai Cdn khdi ni(;m TNVT (positional resources) lai thudng dimg
vdi nghia Id nhfrng lgi the do vi tri tirong quan trong xd hgi, de ddi ung vdi khdi niem
ve tdi ngu}en cd nhdn (personal resources, nhu kien thirc, kinh nghiem): hai ngudi cd tdi iigu}en cd nhdn nlur nhau, niurng Idm \ iec d cdc ca quan, doanh nghiep cap bac, ldn nhd kbdc nh, u se cd TNVT kbdc nhau [10] Chimg tdi de nghj md rdng khai niem kNVT nd} tir lanh vuc xa hdi sang lanh vuc tu nhien, tire la ndi ve nhung lgi the do vi
iri lirong quun Irong khdng giun cua mdt Idnh thd, mdt vimg dat ndo dd Theo cluing tdi vj thi: cd ihe trd thdnh, nhung khdng phdi ludn Id tdi nguyen Vi thd ndi Ic-ii /(// the
so sdnh \c vj tri dja ly ciia mdt lanh thd ndo dd, trong dd bao hdm ed nhung ihdch thirc
ma lanh thd dd phdi duong ddu ve kinh tl, hoac chinh trj, bode cd hai Cdn TNVT Id nhirng lgi ich liogc gid Iri md mdl Idnh thd cd the khui thuc dugc de phuc vu xd hdi nhd lgi the ve vi tri diu ly cua minh, bao gdm lgi ich ve kinh te ve ddt dui vd vdn hda chinh Iri quun sir vd uy lin qudc le Trong Irudng hgp ndy gia trj ciia nhfrng tdi nguyen vdn cd
ciia lanh thd dd (nhu khodng sdn, cdnh quan, cac he sinh thdi, ) cd Ihe dugc tdng len,
vd sir gia tang gia trj dd Id thugc vl TNVT.Tir quan niem nhu Vcdy cd thi cd ddi chiit kbdc biet so \di cdc quan dicm neu triin:
- I / ihe chi trd thdnh mdl dcang ciia tdi ngu}cn khi con ngudi nbdn biel dugc lgi
the cua nd \ d cd gidi phdp biln cdc Igi thi do ibdnh cdc Igi ich phuc \'ii con ngirdi (nlur qu} hoach Id chirc khdng gian)
1008 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc ldn th&S-Hd Ngi 2010
Trang 3VIEN B I A hit • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY ^/lET NAM
- Bdn ihdn ede thuy he hoac cdc diet he khdng phdi Id TNVT; TNVT chi cd dugc
tir cdc khdng gian (lanh thd) dd neu nlur chimg cd mdl lgi the ve vj tri dia ly, vd lgi the
do dugc nhdn biel de dugc khai thdc llidnli cdc lgi ich
- Tdi nguyen vdn ed ciia mdl lanh thd (nlur he sinh thdi rirng nhiiSt ddi tren ddo, be
sinh thdi san hd trong tluiy vuc ven biV) ciing khdng phdi la TNVT Khi lanh thd do
(dcio, thuy vuc) nhd uu the vi Iri khdng gian eiia minh dugc su dung, thi du cho phdt
Iriiin du Ijch sinh ihdi, ihi nhfrng tdi nguyen vdn ed dd se cd tdc dung Idm tdng gid trj
TNV r cua nai do Hoac cimg nhd uu the vj tri lien lieu ciia minh, lanh thd dd dugc su
dung cho qudc phdng, thi nhfrng Idi nguyen vdn cd eiia nd cung si; cd the cd tdc dung
tich cue, niurng d mdt hinh tbiic khde, ddi vdi TNVT ciia vimg
- Khi ndi vc TNVT bien Vict Nam, chimg tdi nghi ring trudc bet cin phdn tich
dugc nhfrng uu the ve vj tri khdng gian eua Bien Ddng vd vj tri tuong quan ciia nd
trong khu vuc, va tiep den Id nluing Igi ich do cdc uu the dd cd the mang kai cho Viet
Nam, vd cudi cung Id edc de xudt di5 cd the bien edc Igi ich dd thdnh hien tlurc
- Theo chimg tdi TNVT khdng thugc vc mdt nhdm tdi nguyen ndo, nd dung d(3e
lap vd ngang bang vdi tdi nguyen ihien nhien vd tdi nguyen nhdn van
Cdn mdl khdi niem kbdc ciing cd lien quan vdi TNVT: dia chinh tri vu diu kinh
le; mdi lien quan giua cdc khai niem dd dugc the hien d chd, TNVT Id mdt yen td quan
Irgng, nhung khdng phdi la tdi cd, trong hinh thdnh tdi nguyen dja chinh trj ciia mdl
lanh thd Nhieu nbd phdn lieh dja chinli trj deu cho rang, khdi niem truyen thdng ve dja
chinh trj nhu la tdc ddng ciia cdc yeu td dja ly den dudng Idi chinh trj, ngdy nay khdng
cdn thich hgp Dd phai la mdt khdi nif;m ddng trong bdi cdnh day bien ddng vd loan can
hda hien nay [3,7,9,Wikipedia] Cdn Bdcli khoa thu My theo truyen thdng van coi rang
dja chinh trj nghiiSn cuu cdc khia canh dja ly eiia cdc bien tugng chinh trj, nhdn nicanb
den nhfrng tdc ddng khdcb quan vd chii quan ciia cdc nhdn td dja ly tir nhien hay nhdn
van len ddi sdng chinh trj [4]
Trong khi phan tich idi nguyen dja chinh trj ciia Vict Nam, tdc gid [7] da dan gidi
tir nhfrng lgi the ve vj tri dja ly ciia ViiSt Nam (nhu nam trong true Id xuong sdng ciia
kinh tc khu vuc, d vi tri bdn le ciia bien va luc dja, d lain hinh hgc ciia Ddng Nam Chdu
A), dc lien tdi khd ndng khai tbdc cdc lgi ich trong chirc ndng Idm "cira ngd" cho ndi dia
Chau A vd lam "ddu can" cho giao thuang tren Bien Ddng Theo chimg Idi, dd hodn
todn la mdt phan tich vc TNVT, chi cd dieu cum lir dd chua dugc sir dimg Nhu vay cd
the nghT rang, TNVT - ve lu ngfr cd the Id mdi, nhirng ve ndi dung thi khdng phai hodn
todn Id mdi, ma da dugc sir dung trong tdt ca cdc ddnh gid ve dja chinh trj, tuy cd the
nbieu it khde nhau Mdi quan be gifra TNVT vdi dja chinh trj theo cluing tdi cd the so'
bd tdm tat trong Hinh I Qua dd mdt cdch khdi qudt ta thdy TNVT la ket qua ciia lgi tlie
ve vi tri dja ly ciing vdi kha nang khai thdc bien ede lgi the dd Ihanh cae lgi ich da
dang; ddng thdi TNVT cung vdi bdi cdnh chinh tri - kinh te qudc gia, qudc te cd the trd
thanh tai nguyen dja chinh trj ciia mdt kdnh thd, mdt qudc gia
i n KIL\I QUAT VE DOI BO BB&BTB VA NHUNG LOI THE VE VI TRI DL4 LY
Ddi bd BB&BTB thugc ve 11 tinh vd thdnh phd, vdi dien tich 21.751km2 va dan
so 8.287.735 ngiriTi, chicm 34% ve dien tich vd 47% ve dan sd ciia cd 11 tinh vd thdnh
phd dd (Bdng 1)
Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn th&S - Hd Ngi, 2010 1009
Trang 4VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI D | A LY VIET NAM
Iftnh 1 Oiian he giua TNVT vd dia chinh tri
Lgi the ve
vi tri dia I'v + Kha nang khai
thac lai ich
T N V T + Boi cdnh
chinh tri - kinh te
Bdng 1
Cac tinh
CO ddi bd
Qudng
Ninh
Hai Phong
Thai Binh
Nam Dinh
Ninh Binh
Thanh Hod
Nghe An
Ha TTnh
Qudng
Binh
Quang Tri
Thira
Thien-Hue
Cgng
Dien tich vd ddn so
Todn tinh Dien
tich*
(km-)
6.099
1.522 1.559 1.652 1.389 11.135
16.499
6.026 8.065 4.744 5.065
63.755
Dan so**
(ngudi)
1.144.302 1.837.302 1.780.954 1.825.771 898.459 3.400.239 2.913.055 1.227.554 846.924 597.985 1.087.579
17.560.203
dd'l bd BB&BTB (khong ke dien tich mat hien)
Dai ven bien va cac dao ven bd
So don vj hanh chinh
2Tp ITx 7H 7Q,4H 2H 3H
IH lTp,lTx,5H lTp,lTx,3H lTp,lTx,5H lTp,4H lTp,lTx,5H lTp,4H
STp,5Tx,7Q,43H
Dien tich (km-)
4.356
871
488
720
207 1.277 1.383 2.806 5.492 2.025 2.124
21.751
Dan so (ngudi)
828.902 1.089.055 459.897 648.352 172.399 1.233.920 1.107.470 696.730 760.070 466.180 824.760
8.287.735
Chieu ddi bd (km)
250
125
52
72
18
102
82
137
116
75
118
I.I47
Ghi chu: * Dien tich theo NGTK 2008 fl3]: ** Ddn sd theo sd lieu 142009; Tp thanh pho; Tx
-thi xa: Q - quan; H - huyen
Nhirng tinh cd ty le ldn dan sd sdng d ddi bd lan Iugt la: Quang Binh-89,7%; Quang Ti-i-78%; Thira Thien-Hul-75,8%; Quang Ninh-72,4%; Hai Phdng-59,2%; Ha TTnh-56,7%; it nhit la Ninh Binh- 9,1% Theo tai lieu thong ke [13,14] cac tinh ven bien Bac Bd cd GDP binh quan dau ngudi ldn ban dang kl cac tinh Bac Trung Bd -1.50 so vdi 7.53 trieu ddng, trong do Quang Ninh cao nhit-17,25 trieu, va thip nhcdt la
Ha TTnh-6,35 trieu ddng (binh quan ca nude la 13,43 trieu ddng, 2007) Nhin chung 11 tinh thanh phd nay so vdi toan quoc chilm 19,25%) vl dien tich, 20,46% vl dan sd, nhung chi chiem 16,9% vl san lugng luong thuc, 14,1% v l sdn lugng thuy san, 11.9%
ve gia in sdn xudt cdng nghiep, 12,3% vl ti5ng muc ban le va doanb thu djch vu, va cd 7,1% ve kim ngach xucdt khau Nhu vay id thip hon nhilu so vdi mii'c binh qudn ca
1010 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn cpid'c ldn th&S-Hd Ndi, 2010
Trang 5VIEH DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET HJ>-J.i HOI B | A LY VIET KAM
nude (lheo diu ngudi); dilu dd cd the ggi y ve mdt nhdn xet rang igi the gidp bien ciia
cac tinh nd}' chua dirge khai thdc tdt
Vay nluing Igi ihl dd Id gi? Cd thi ke nhfrng Igi th(3 chinh:
- d vj tri chuyen ticp ddt lien-bien;
- 6 vj tri cua ngd cho luc dja;
- 6 vj tri tiiiii lieu va lien tieu-bien gidi
Vj tri cbiiyien liep ddt lien- bien da tao cho lanh thd nay cd dugc mdt dieu kien tir
nhien da dang, cimg ngudn tdi nguyen thicn nhien phong phii vd ddc thii, ed tiem ndng
mang lai nbieu lgi ieh ve kinh tc vd qudc phdng Vj tri cira ngd cho luc dja tao nen
nhfrng thuan lgi co' ban cho khai tbdc tai nguyen bien, cho xay dung cdc trung tdm kinh
tl bien, cho phdt trien manh cdc nganh kinh te dich vii,va dac biet cho md cira hdi nhap
quoc te Vj tri lien lieu kao Igi ich cho bdo ve an ninh dat nude, cho md rdng lanh hai,
viing ddc quyen kinh tc; vd chii quyen qudc gia tren bien, cung nhu trong quan he qudc te
IV PHAN TICH NLTUNG LOI ICH CO THE KHAI THAC DUOC TiLT CAC LOT
THE CUA VI TRI KHONG GIAN
Nhfrng uu the ve vi tri dja ly neu tren ciing nhfrng thude tinh ciia khdng gian vimg
vl ciu true dia chdt-dja mao, ve cdnh quan vd ve Ccdc he sinh thai dugc chimg tdi lain
ggi la cac yeu tS cua TNVT; cdn cdc lgi ich md TNVT cd the cd la thugc ve mdi trudng tu
nhien, vl kinh tl- xa hgi, va ve lanh thd, an ninh qudc phdng vd uy tin qudc te (Hinh 2)
1 Vj tri chuyen tiep dal lien- bien
Phdn bd tai noi tap trung nhieu tac nhdn dia ly- dja chat ciia thach quyen, khi
qiiyin, Ihuy quyen vd sinh quyen, ddi bd do dd cd dieu kien tu nhien da dang vd tdi
ngu}'cn phong phu, dcde thii hon nhieu viing kbdc trong luc dia
- Diu hinh da dgng vdi Ccdc dcang ddi mii, ddng bang ngudn gdc kbdc nhau, cdc
con dun, bai trilu, cira sdng, dam phd, viing vjnh, ddo ven bd, tao nhieu ky quan, vdi
vjnh Ha Long, Bdi Tir Long, Hdi Vdn- Lang Cd,
- Da dgng cdc he sinh ihdi, tir cac he sinh thdi (HST) rimg mua nhiet ddi tren mii,
din HST ndng nghiep, LIST bai trilu, HST cdc thiiy vuc (bd,cii'a sdng, dam pha, vung
vjnh, biln ndng ven bd vdi ed bien, san hd, ), HST ddo
- Da dgng vi cdnh quun vdi nhieu thung cdnh, ve mii sdng (Sdng Ma-Ham
Rdng-Niii Nggc, Sdng Lam- Phugng Hodng, Sdng Huong- Rdng-Niii Ngu), v l bang ddng (hang
Diu Gd, ddng TbienCung, ddng Phong Nha), vl deo nui ven bien (deo Ngang, Ly Hda,
Hai Van), v l cira sdng (Ba Lat, Leach Bang, Rodn- Cdnh Duong, cira Tung), ve cdnh bai
biln ( Bai Chay, Sim Son- Trong Mdi, Cira Ld, Nhat Le, Thuan An, Lang Cd), vl ddo
bien (Cd Td, Quan Lan, Cdn Cd, )
- Phong phii cdc dgng tdi nguyen phi sinh vat va sinh vat, vdi da dang cdc loai
khodng san, dit dai, ddng thuc vat, ngudn lgi tluiy san (vdi 5 Vudn qudc gia, 2 Khu dir
ku' sinh quyIn ihl gidi), tai nguyen du ljch, van hda
Nhfrng Igi ich ma cdc yeu to TNVT Ucdy mang lai la ca sd cho trien khai nhieu
hinh thirc khai tbdc vd bao ve tu nhien va tdi nguyen tai khdng gian lanh thd nay, gdm:
- Phat triln Ccdc gid trj bdo tdn;
Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 1011
Trang 6VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
- Phat trien ddng diu ndng, lam ngu nghiep, dac biet la nudi kdng \'a die bien hdi san;
- Phdt trien cdng nghiep khai khodng sdn xudt xi mang va vat lieu xay dung;
- Phdt trien mcinh me giao thdng thiiy sdng- bien, nhdt la cang bien va hdng hdi, ciina cdng nghiep ddng lau vd edc djch vu;
- Phdt trien manh du ljch bien ddo, nhat Id du lieh sinh thai, du Ijch van hda- Ijch su
- Phdt trien he thdng can cir phdng thii bao ve an ninh qudc gia;
- Xdy dung cdc cdng trinh pbdng chdng thien tai bdo ve mdi trudng, trong dd cd phdt trien rirng ngap man va pbii xanh edc vimg dat trdng
Hinh 2 Cdc yen td TNVT vd cdc lgi ich do chung mang lgi
cua did ven bien vd vung hien ven bd Viet Nam
Cac\cu
16
TNVT
Cdc Igi
ich
TNVT
CO t h e CO
V
Vj tri chuy
en tiep ' idt
tr i khong s :ua vi
Vj
ian ins,
ri cua ngo cua
dd
^ true
dc
m
1
g tir
t
Vi tri lien duyen
lien tieu-bien gidi
tu •ong
'
Kinh
h
Cac thuoc tinli khdn.o
Cau true dia chat-di<
'
te - xa
di
1
ciia siian viiiig
Cdnh quan
He sinh thai
Lanh tho,
an ninh -quoc
2 Vj tri cua ngo cho dat lien
Yen td cira ngo cho dat lien da tao nen nhilu thuan lgi co bdn cho phdt Inen kinh te- xa hdi, bao gdm: thuan Igi cho khai thac tai nguyen biln, cho xay dung ede trung lain kinh tl bien, ebo hdi nhap qudc tl, va dac biet la cho phat triln cdc nganh kinh te djch vu, ma chiing tdi se tap trung phan tich cu thi hon trong pbin ndy Cd the
ndi phdt trien edc nganh kinh ti dich vu Id lgi ieh ldn nhit ma vi thi cira ngd cd thi
mang lai cho ddi bd.Vj the eua ngd cho dit liln dugc khai thdc chii ylu dua vao hai nhan td co ban Id cdng biiSn vd dudng giao thdng tren bd vd tren biln; tii' dd se ddnh gid
\'ai trd cua ngd ciia ddi bd BB&BTB cho Nam Trung Qudc, Lao, Ddng Bic Thdi Lan, Cling nhu cho bdn thdn Bic Bd vd Bic Trung Bg
" Diem qua cdc cang bien vd cae dudng giao Ihdng
Cang bien nhin chung cdn nhd be; vd chua ddp ung dugc nhu ciu phat trien; trong dd Idn nhdt Id cdng Hdi Phdng vd cang Hon Gai Theo Quy bocach he thong cdng hidi Viet Nam thi Bdc Bd va Bcdc I runsj Bd se gdm: cang Hai Pbdng (vdi cdng Dinh
1012
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010
Trang 7VIEN D | A LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI BIA LY ^TET NAM
Vu, Sdng Cdm, kach Hiiycin) Id cang long hgp qudc gia- eua ngd qudc Id cdc cdng long
help i|udc gia- ddu mdi khu vuc gdm cang Hon Gai, Nghi Son, Cua Id vd Viing
.4ng-So'ii Duong; ngodi ra cdn cd cdc cdng dja phuong, nhu Hdn La, Cira Vii:! Chan Md}
He thdng cdng bien ndy Id hat nhdn di; hinh thdnh 7 Khu kinh te ven h\cn Id: Vdn Don,
Dinh Vii- Cdt Hdi, Nghi San, Ddng Nam Ngh(; An, Viing Aug, Hon La vd Chan
ivkdy-Lang Cd (Quyll dinh so: I353/QD-TTg ngdy 23-9-2008),
Ve du'cing giao thdng Ircn bd ciing cdn ihieu ddng bg, chdt lugng kt;m vd dura cd
dudng cao ldc, rieng Bcdc Trung Bd da ed mdl nuang ludi phan bd khd deu Theo ciic
Quy hoach da dircrc duyiSt thi sc ed dudng cao tdc chay ven bien sudi tir Qudng Ninh
di;n Kien Giang, cd dudng cao ldc lid Ndi- Hdi Phdng, Ndi Bai- Ha Long- Mdng Cdi;
luyiin Qudng Ninh- Hdi Phdng- Thdi Binh- Nam Djnh; dudng sat cao tdc lla Ndi- I Idi
I'lidng, Lang Son- Tien Yen; nang cdp cdc tu}en qudc Id Bac Trung Bd
Cdc tu}'cn dudng bien cua BB&BTB cbii yen chi cd y nghia qudc gia, bdi khdng
cd luyen hdng hdi qudc te ndo di qua hoac di gdn ddi bd nay, dd Id mdl ban che ldn cho
TNV 1' ciia vimg
* Vai Ird cuu ngo cho Num Trung Qudc cuu ddi bd BBcScBTB
Trong quan he ddi tdc kinh tc vdi Trung Qudc, da hinh ihanh qu}' hocich Hai
Hanh lang - Mdt Vdnh dai, md trong dd vai trd dac biet quan trgng se thugc ve he thdng
cdng cua Hdi Phdng va Qudng Ninh, vdi edc djch vu vi; giao thdng qud canh, trung
chuyen vd cdc djcb vu cdu cdng, van chuyen khcdch du Ijch Tuy nhien nang lire vd khdi
krcTiig bdng hda van chuyen cua cdng Hdi Pbdng Id khdng ldn (ndm 2008- 13, 8 trieu
ldn), ehii yen phuc vu Irong nude Cdn cira khdu qudc te Mdng Cdi, \'e mat vi the,
khdng the xem Id cua ngd cho Nam Trung Qudc, md chi Id quan he trao ddi kinh te vdi
cdc dja phuong ddi tdc ben kia bien gidi Mat khac nhfrng lgi ich tir vj the eua ngd qudc
ll ciia Hdi Phdng- Qudng Ninh se chi cd dugc mdt kbi nen kinh te cua Vdn Nam va
Qudng Tcdy phdt trien manh me, cd nhu cdu ldn ve xucdt nhap khdu hang hda vdi
ASI:AN vd Cede nude kbdc thdng qua hai Hdnh lang de ra vjnh Bdc Bd
Nhu Vcdy, vai Ird cua ngd cho Nam Trung Qudc ciia Hdi Phdng-Qudng Ninh Id cd
nhilu CO h(5i pbdl triln, tuy nhi(;n chi icn kbi nen kinh tc ciia lanh thd rdng Idn nay phdt
triln, cimg vdi viec triln khai cd hieu qud Quy hocaeb Llai Hdnh lang - Mdt Vdnh dai tbi
cira ngd Hdi Phdng-Qudng Ninh mdi tbcdt sir sdi ddng vd lgi ich do Ccdc nganh kinh te
djcb vii mang kai mdi trd thdnh hien thue Trude mdt Hai Phdng- Qudng Ninh cd the
khai thdc vai trd "diu ciu" eiia minh, bang cdch eudn bill Ibuong mai- djch vu gifra
ASEAN vdi Trung Qudc, vdi tu cdch Id mdt dja bdn trung chuyen
* Vui Ird cira ngo cho Ldo vu Ddng Bdc Thdi Lun
Vai trd ndy Id danh cho ddi bd Bde Trung Bd, trong dieu kien Hdnh lang Kink te
Ddng-Tdy da chinh thuc thdng tuyIn (2006) vd di vao boat ddng, ddng thdi da hinh
Ihdnh va dang xdy dung nuanh me edc cira khau va Khu kinh te cua khau Lao Bdo, Cdu
Treo, Cha Lo, N<dm Cin, Na Meo, cimg vdi xdy dung cac cang nude sdu da neu tren
Day se la mdt ddng luc to ldn cho phdt trien ciia Bac Trung Bd Tuy nhii;n trude mat
vai trd cira ngd nay ciia ddi bd Bac Trung Bd cdn chira the cd vj tri quan trgng va cd
ddng gdp Idn cho phdt triln kinh tl-xa hdi ciia viing, bdi le cdc khu vuc ngi dja ciia Lao
va Thdi Lan md Ccdc cira khiu cd the vuon tdi deu cdn la cdc vimg ngheo, vimg ddi nui,
giao Ihdnc van lai khd khdn, chua cd nhi(;u sdn phdm hdng hda, nen yeu cdu ve djch vu
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S-Hd Ndi 2010 1013
Trang 8VIEN DIA LY • %^IEN K H O C N VIET NAJtl HOI B I A LY VIET NAM
van lai xuil nhap khiu la dura ddng kl, chu ylu se Id hang ndng sdn, lam sdn (go), cd thi cd khodna sdn Mat khde do cd sd ha tang cdn kem, trien vgng dau tu nude ngodi cdii '0 dans tiim nang, tir dd co hdi md rdng thuang mai, hgp tdc phdt trien Id cdn ban che cdc }eu ciu vl djch vu hdng hdi, cau cang, giao thdng la chua nhieu
Ddng thdi cung phai nhan rang vai trd ciia ngd cho Lao va Ddng Bac Thai Lan cua ddi bd Bdc Trung Bg thdng qua Hanh lang Ddng-Tay cd the phai di sau Da Ndng, bdi \ i diu ra ciia Hanh lang nay la d cang Tien Sa, hien la cang nude sau quy md ldn CLia Trung Bd hon bin cac cdng cua Bde Trung Bg, nen se ddng vai trd xuat nhap khiu, truna chuyin vd cae djcb vu khac cho Hanh lang nay Mdt khd khan ciia ddi bd Bic Trung Bd trong vai trd cua ngd ndy la edc luyen phat trien thdng qua cae tuyen qudc Id ngane noi vdi edc eiia khau thudng la tach biet va khd lien ket vdi nbau (do dia hinh, cd trong nude \d ed tren nude ban), do dd tinh hieu qua se kem
* Vai trd ciia ngd cho ndi dia bdn thdn Bdc Bo vd Bdc Trung Bg
Til' xa xua ddi bd Hdi Phdng-Qudng Ninh da la cua ngd thdng vdi the gidi ben ngodi eua Bdc Bd va ca phdn Idn Bac Trung Bd, vd ngay nay vai trd dd ciia ddi bd Bcdc
Bd lai cdng trd nen quan trgng, dugc the hien trong cdc Quyet dinh ciia Chinh phii ve
Quy hogch Vimg Duyen hdi Bdc Bd va Quy hogch Vdnh dai kinh le ven bien Vinh Bcic
Bd So vdi loan qudc, ddi bd Bac Bd cd ty le dan sd ndi dia ddng nhat, gap 3,8 lan mirc
binh qudn chung Neu can cu' vao khdi lugng hang thdng qua cac cang Hdi Phdng va Qudng Ninh (do TW qudn ly- 20,7 trieu tin, 2007), va dua tren gid tri hdng xudt khau thi thiy rd cua ngd Hdi Phdng-Qudng Ninh chi phuc vu cae tinh thugc ddng bang Sdng Hdng (tdi 91,9% tdng gid tri), nhdt Id cho Viing Thu dd Ha Ndi (dat 60,5%) Trai vdi Bac Bd, ddi bd Bac Trung Bd cd viing ndi dia rat nhd be, do tat cd cac tinh deu cd be ugang rat hep, bj kep gifra mdt ben la bien, mdt ben la bien gidi vdi Lao, vd vi vay vai trd cua ngd cho ndi dja d day la it quan trgng nhu cac vimg kbdc Neu can cu' vdo dan
sd thi cd the ndi rdng ddi bd Thanh Hda cimg cang Nghi So'n se cd vai trd quan trgng nhdt so vdi cdc tinh khde d Bac Trung Bd; tuy nhien vai trd nay cdn phu Ihudc vdo nhieu yeu td khde nua, nhu su phan bd ciia tai nguyen thien nhien, co sd ha tang ky thuat,
3 Vj tri tien tieu
Vdi vj tri tien tieu, ddi bd BB&BTB tao ra cac ylu to quan trgng: vai trd bao ve ddt nude, vai trd md rdng lanh hai va cbii quyIn qudc gia tren biln vd vai trd tuong quan trong khu vuc
* Vai Ird bdo ve ddt nude ciia ddi bd da dugc the hien trong sudt chieu dai lieh
sir, khi ma phan ldn ede cudc xam lang cua nude ngoai diu cdt qua ddi bd: Nam Han, Tdng, Mdng Cd, Chiem Thanh, Phap C) day phai dac biet ndi din vai trd ciia cac ddo Bdc Bd, noi da gdp phan khdng nhd vao chiln thing quan Mdng Cd, ciing nhu chien thang trong chien tranh phd hoai ciia My, cimg vdi chiln cdng cua Con Cd Khde vdi Bdc Bd, cdc tinh Bac Trung Bd hep ngang va cd hai mat diu la vi tri liln lieu, phia Ddng vd phia Tay: vin de bdo ve dit nude ciia ddi bd d day lai cang trd nen quan trgng
Do khdng ed nhilu ddo (khodng 57 ddo vdi dien tich 14,3km-) nhu Bic Bd (2321 ddo,
vd 842 km-) nen mdi ddo d day deu cin trd thdnh mot tiin don kien cd, mdi miii nhd (nhu Rdn Con nuii Ddc, Chcdn Mcdy Ddng) va mdi cira sdng ,laeh (din 19 cira chinh) Cling deu phdi la mdt cdn cir phdng thu vfrng chcdc V l mat dja-quan su, ddi dit tii' Hd
1014 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S- Ha Ndi, 2010
Trang 9VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI J>|A LY V I S T NAM
TTnh den b(5l Thua thien-Hue Id khu vuc yen nhat cho vice phdng thii, noi hdu pliirang
Cling Id lien tuycn, no'i kdnh thd de bi cat khiic thdnh tirng doan ma khdng the h(3 trg,
lien he vdi nhau dirge: ddi ddt ndy tbuide locai "lay de md gifr khd"
* Vai Ird ma rang Idnh hui vd chit quyen qudc gia tren bien thudng dugc giao cho
cdc ddo ven bd Trong phdn djnh vinh Bdc Bd giua Viet Nam vd Trung Qudc, ddo Bach
Long VT dugc hudng 25% hicu lire, ddo Cdn Cd hirdng 50% hieu lire, cdc ddo khde (
Chdng Ddng,Cbdng Tdy) ciing cd hieu lire nhdt djnh [8].Cdn Cd cdn la diem chudn de
vach dudng ranh gidi cii'a vjnh Bdc Bd, mdt ranh gidi quan trgng trong Ccdc Hiep djnh
cla dugc ky ket Cdn Cd ciing cdn la mdt diem chudn cua dudng ca sd (dicm A l l ) dimg
de tinh chieu rdng lank hdi eiia lue dia N'\c{ Nam: su cd mat ciia Cdn Cd da tcio cho ddt
lien nhu dugc md rdng ra phia bien hdng ngdn kilomet vudng; dd la Igi ich ddc biet
quan trgng va vd gia
* Vai trd luong quan Irong khu vuc Ddi bd BB&BTB nim d phia Tdy vjnh Bdc
Bd vd mdl phdn d ngodi cira vjnh, ed quan he true tiep vd ehi rieng vdi Trung Qudc ve
mat lanh thd, bdi le vjnh Bde Bd thuc chdl Id mot vimg nirdc Ijck su, chi thude ve Viet
Nam vd Trung Qudc; viec phan djnh cbii quyen trong vinh da hodn tdt (Hiep djnh ky
ndm 2000) Tuy nhien can phdi nhac den sir kien Id viec 7i"iing Qudc chiem ddng quan
ddo Hoang Sa eiia Viet Nam (ndm 1974) dd 1dm ebo vj the ciia ddi bd BB&BTB trong
quan be qudc te bau nhu chi cdn kai tdi thieu: edc dudng hdng bdi qudc te khdng cdn di
qua vimg bien nay Dieu dd dan den he qud Id cdc cdng cira ngd cua BB&BTB trd thdnh
d sau trong ngd ciit, dnh hudng nghiem trgng khdng nhfrng ddi vdi phcit Irien kinh te ddi
ngoai ciia lanh thd, ma cdn ddi vdi viec md rdng hop tdc va uy tin qudc te eiia Bdc Bg
va Bac Trung Bd ndi rieng, va Viet Nam ndi cluing trong khu vuc vd tren todn the gidi;
ngodi ra cdn ban cbe manh me sir phdt trien tdt yen ciia Bde Bg va Bdc Trung Bd ra
trung tdm Bien Ddng va vuo'n ra dai duo'ng, trong dd ed hdng hdi vd nghe ddnh ed
truyen thdng
Viec phdt huy lgi the vj tri cira ngd cho Lao va Ddng Bdc Thdi Lan sc; Id mdt budc
quan trgng cho nang cao uy tin ciia Viet Nam trong ASEAN, la tien de cho md rdng hgp
tdc phdt trien trong khu virc, gdp phdn da phuong hda cac mdi quan he qudc te
V KET LUAN
Vj the va tai nguyen vj the Id mdt khai niem mdi mc;, ndi dung chua djnh hinh rd
ret, can tiep tuc nghien ciru, thdo ludn Tdi nguyen vj the eiia ddi bd BB&BTB cd the
bao gdm 3 yeu td chinh la vj tri chuyen tiep ddt lien-bien, vi tri cu'a ngd cho dat lien vd
vi tri tien tieu Nhfrng yeu td dd da tao ra nhieu lgi the eo' ban cho lanh thd ndy, nhu
dieu kien tu' nhien da dang, tdi nguyen phong phii, ed vi tri thuan lgi cho khai thdc tai
nguyen bien, xay dung cdc trung tdm kinh te bien va hdi nhap qudc te; ddc biet cd dieu
kien cho phdt trien cdc ngdnb kinh te djch vu da dang thdng qua vai trd lam cira ngd cho
cac vimg ndi dja ciia Lao, Ddng Bde Thdi Lan va Nam Trung Qudc Tuy nhien cdc Igi
the nay ddi hdi cd mdt thdi gian nhdt djnh de cd the phdt huy tdc dung Tdi nguyen vj
thi ciia ddi bd BB&BTB ed the mang lai nhieu lgi ich co' bdn ve kinh te, xa h(5i, lanh
thd, an ninh quoc phdng va uy tin qudc te Viec Trung Qudc chiem ddng quan dao
Hocdng Sa cua Viet Nam da ban che lUcanh me vi the eiia ngd ciia BB&BTB, dnh hudng
nghiem trgng din phdt trien kinh te ddi ngoai va uy tin qudc te cua lanh thd nay
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 1015
Trang 10VIEN DIA LY - "^'lEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1 Le Due An 2008 Tdi nguyen vj the he thdng ddo ven bd Viet Nam Tuvln tap
BCKH NHKHDCB TQl "Dja chit bien Viet Nam va phat trien ben vfrng",
395-402 NXB KHTN&CN, Hd Ndi
2 Le Dire \n Udng Dinh Khanh, Nguyen Nggc Thanh, 2009 Tdi ngiiydn vi thi cdc ddo yen bd Nam Bd vdi vdn de an ninh qudc phdng vd phut trien kinh le- xd hdi Tic KH&CNB, T9, 4, 77-87, Ha Ndi
3 Ngu}ln Trin Bat, 2005 Tu duy dia kinh te- dia chinh tri Trong
http://w\^^v•chul1gta.com.vn (30-11-2005)
4 Encyclopedia Americana, 2001, V.12, NY
5 European Commission, 2003: Towards a Thematic Siraleg)' on the Sustainable Use
of Natural Resources Communication to the C.&E.P.,0I-10-2003 (52003 DC0572)
Trong http://eur-lex.europa.eu
6 Ngu}en Chu Hdi, 2005 Ca sd lai nguyen vd mdi trirdng bien, 305 tr., NXB
DHQGHN Ha Ndi
7 Vfi Hdng Ldm, 2005: Tdi nguyen dia chinh Iri cua Viet Nam Thdi bdo Kinh te Sdi
Gdn ngcdy 15-10-2005
8 Luu Vdn Lgi, 2007 Nhiing dieu cdn bidt ve Dat Bien, Trdi Viet Nam, 303tr., NXB
Thanh nien Hd Ndi
9 Ngu}'en Dinh Ludn 2005 Ddi net vd dia chinh tri a Chdu A sau chien tranh Ignh
Trong http://ww\v.hocvienngoaigiao.org.vn ( ngdy 23-5-2005)
10 Nan Lin 2003: Social Capital: A theory of Social Structure and Action Camb.U
Press Trong hltp://book.google.com.vn
11 Tap chi Lloat ddng khoa hgc, 2009 Tdi nguyen vi the cua he thdng viing vinh ven
bd Viet Nam, 6, 2009 Trong http://\vw\v.tchdkh.org.vn
12 Trdn Due Thach, 2007 Mdl sd dgng tdi nguyen vi the bien Viel Nam Tic
KH&CNB, T7, 4, 80-93, Ha Ndi
13 Tdng cue thdng ke, 2009 Nien gidm thing ke 200.?, NXB Thong ke Ha Ndi
14 Tdng cue thdng ke, 2009 Tu lieu kinh ti-xd hgi 63 linh, thdnh phd Viet Nam, NXB
Thdng ke Ha Ndi
1016 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010