VIEN DIA LY VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM LU''''A C H O N C O s o VA TIEU CHI C H O M O HINH KHU C O N G N G H I E P THAN T H I E N M O I T R U O N G Nguyen Dinh Huy'''' SUMMARY Analyzing, picking[.]
Trang 1VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN V I E T NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
LU'A C H O N C O s o VA T I E U C H I C H O M O H I N H K H U C O N G N G H I E P
T H A N T H I E N M O I T R U O N G
Nguyen Dinh Huy'
SUMMARY
Analyzing, picking bases a n d criteria for the m o d e r n ' s i n d u s t r i a l zone to
h a v e friendly relations with e n v i r o n m e n t
The modern's indiislrial zone to have friendly relations with environment is one of
the tendencies applying nescessarily technical and environment management solutions
in the reality of currently national industrialization, modernization The nature of this
issue is the modern holding to construct Ihe new gathered industrial zone This new
modern agrees with the circumstances of developing Iransitionul industry and make
sure thai criteria huve friendly relulions with environment set in Environmenlul
pruleclion luw, und the government regululion texts The unulyzing, picking buses und
criteria aims at applying for the modern's industrial zone to huve friendly relulions with
environment in order lo overcome overlap und illogicality while industrial zone is
eonslnicted, operated lo agree with regulations law about environment
1 DAT VAN DE
Md hinh kbu cdng nghiep tluin thien mdi trudng (KCN TTMT) lii mdl trong
nhiing XII hudng ap dimg ciic giiii phiip cdng nghe va quim ly mdi trudng ciin thiet vao
thuc lien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat (CNl 1, HDFl) nude ta hien nay, thuc chiit dd
la md hinh Id chirc xiiy di,rng KCN tiip trung kieu mdi, vira phii hgp dieu kien phat trien
cong nghiep qua do, vira biio diim cac tii:u chi TTMT dci dugc quy djnh ciia Luat Bao ve
nidi truiTng (BVMT) va cac van ban phap quy ciia Nha nude
Nhu viiy, KCN TTM4^ dugc dua tren nhung co' sd va lieu chi niio? Trong khudn khd
ciia bcii biio niiy, chimg tdi xin tdng hgp, pluin tich tir nhirng nghien cuu ve rnd hinh KCN
TTMT de lira chgn mot sd co' sd va tieu chi phii hgp dang dugc ap dung tai Viet Nam
2 CO SO KHOA H O C CUA MO HINH KCN T T M T
Viec ap diing md hinh KCN I T M T vao thuc tien phat trien kinh te - xii hdi la riit
diing diin va cd nhieu lgi ich cho nluin thiie xii hdi ve su nghiep phat trien ben vung
Cling nhu de ban hanh ciic ca che, chinh Scicli ciia Nha nude can thiet nham cd nhung
dieu chinh loan dien qiui trinh CNH, HDH dat nude qua do theo muc lieu phat trien ben
vilng Md hinh KCN TTMT ed cae ca sd khoa hgc sau day:
- Sir xuit bien ciia nen kinh te tri thirc tuong lai da lam nay sink nbu cau ddi mdi
va hoan thien he thdng qucin ly mdi trirdng theo hudng tien bd, van minh va hien dai
nhiim phuc vi,i ngay Ccing hieu qua cho muc lieu phat trien ben vti'ng Trong dd, nhiem
vu BVMT phcit triin bin viing phai dugc giin ket chat che vdi cac nhiem vu phat trien
^'ien Tai nguyen Moi tnrdng vd Cong nglie Sinh hgc - Dai hoc Hue
Hgi ng-hi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc; idn th&S - Hd Ngi, 2010 907
Trang 2VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
kinh ll - xa hdi Vci phai dugc the che boa vao khudn khd dudng Idi pluip luiit Vci chinh Scich quan ly ciia Nhii nude, ma TTMT vira lit lieu chi phdt trien quci do v.i \ ira ki lieu chi djnh hudng tuong lai ciia phiit trien ben viing Vi vay viec irng dung md hinh KCN T4'MT se phai gin lilu vdi nhu Cciu liocin thien he llidng quan ly mdi Irudiig lheo )'eii ciiii phiii triin bin \'u'ii2 trong dd 4'fMI' nhu la nen tiing cLao diic \'ii dao ly xii hdi dirge qii) djnh tuong irng trong cac co sd phap ly Vci quiiii ly xii hdi
- Su phat triin biing no ciia khoa hgc Vci cdng nghe hien na) (nhat la ciic ky Ihuiit cao vii cd lgi cho mdi trudng) tao nen ciic kha niing ciin thiel de cd the gicii qu)el hiii boil nuiu thuan giiia phiit Irien kinh te - xii hdi - thj trudng vii BVMT phiit trien hen vuiui Trong dd pluit Iriln kinh te - xii hdi va BVM f se khdng chi dugc giiii qu)et on ihda Ciic miiu thuan cd tinh chat xung khiic vii ddi khang ve ddng lire phiit tric-n inii cdn dugc giai quyll hai boa lheo hudng kien lao Ccic mdi quan he song biinb Vci thuc diiy kin nhau jiliat Iriln khdng ngiiiig, liun ddng lire chii dao tac ddng trd liii Ibiic diiy su phat triin nhanh chdng ciia khoa hgc \'ii cdng nghe cao
- Sir ddi mdi Vci hocin Ibien md binb td chirc khu cdng nghiep (KCN) tiip Irung cii cd dien va giiy d nhiem la nhu Cciu Lii yeu ciia quii trinh CNH, HDH diit nude hien
nay lheo lieu chi phiit U)cn ben vung 4Toiig dd md hinh KCN sinh lluii dii dugc nghien
cuu phiit hien \'ii trien khai irng dung llurc lien Iren eo sd irng dung llui)'el siiili thiii cdng nghiep bien dai hda Fuy nhien, md binb nay chua hoan loan phii hgp vdi ciic dieu kien lien bimli quii trinb CNH qua do bien nay Do dd, md binh KCN Td'MT vira djnh hudng luong lai lien tdi md hinh KCN sinh lluii vira phii hgp vdi cite dieu kien phiit llien quii dg se lii Idi giiii mem deo, pliii hgp vii ciin thiel ebo thirc lien pluit trien hien lUi)' \a luong lai
3 CO SO QUAN LY CUA M O HINH KCN TTMT
Ouyit dinh so 64/2003/QD-TTg ngay 22/04/2003 cua Thu ludng Chinh plui vc
phe dii\ el "Ke hogch xu ly triet de ccic ca sa gciy d nhieni mdi trudng nghic'm lrgng'\ co
quy djnh cu the ve vice ap dung Ccic thiel bj, cdng nghe siin xuiit thiin thicn mdi Irudng
va dan nhan mdi trudng ebo san pham (nhan sinh thai hoac than Ibien mdi trudng) trong nhiem \'ii xir ly ciic ca sd giiy d nhiem mdi trudng nghiem trgng
Quyet dinh s(> 256/2003/QD-TTg nguy 02/12/2003 cua Thu tudng Chinh phii vl
ban hiinb Chien luge bcio ve mdi trudng qudc gia din niim 2010 vii djnh hudng den Uiiiii
2020 dii cd quy djnh cu the \ c \icc kliuyin khich cdng tcic xa hdi hda, Xci) dung Idi sdng va pluit trien khoa hgc - cdng nghe than thien vdi mdi trudng, dong thdi ban hanh being loiU chuong trinh trgng diem qudc gia nhim phdng ngiia, kilm soat vii xir ly d nhieni mdi Irirdng
He I hdng quan ly mdi Irudng - ISO 14.000 dd co quy dinh ve viec ddn nlidn mdi truoug Vci diinh giii chu Irinh sdng ciia sim phim Iren co sd lieu chi sinh Ihai hoac
1 FMT nhu la loiii s<in pluim it giiy nen Ccic liic ddng d nbilm mdi trudng cu the hoiic cd the lai sinh, hoiic cd the phan hiiy dl diing trong chu trinh sdng cua siin phim
4 TIEU CHI CUA MO HINH KCN TTMT
Mo binh KCN ITMT cd 3 nuic thang bac phiin loai lieu chuin phiip 1) vii quan ly chmh biio gdm: kicm soiit vii xir ly d nhiim (gicii phap cdng nghe cudi dudng ong), sinh
Hgi ng-hi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc idn tli&5- Hd Ngi, 2010
Trang 3VIEN D I A LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
thai mdi trimng (giai phiip siin xucit sach hon, xanh - sach - dep) va sinh thai cdng nghiep
(giai pluip cdng nghe trao ddi ebiil bai cbicu kliep kin, cd it hoiie khdng cd dull tluii) dugc
irinh bciy trong Bang 1 dudi diiy, Tuy nhien \i linh vuc sinh Ihiii mdi Irudng Vci sinh thai
cdng nghiep bien chua ed dii ciie quy djnh phap ly Vci quiin ly ebo vice iip dung chinh thirc,
cho nen cdn lit eiic hudng di khuyen khich ap diing cho pluit trien ben vung
Bang 1: Phan cap thang bile KCN TTMT theo cdc yen can BVMT chung, sinh thai
mdl trirdng vd sinh thai cdng nghiep (Phan ciip 1)
Pluin luai bdc TTMT 77/;/; chdt due tnriig Phgm vi dp dung
Than thien mdi trudng
Biic 3 Sinh thiii cdng
Midiiep
Die 2 Sinh ihiii mdi
trudng
Biic 1, Kiem soat vii \u
ly 6 nliicni
Khe-p kin, ben viing co it liocic killing CO chiit thiii
Cdng nghe, to chirc quiin ly va dinh hudng cong tiic BVMT Miic dci thuc hien thuc ti; kic'in soat vii xii ly 6 nhieni
Tieu chuiin hoii theo sinh thai cong nghiep hien dai hoii (EM)
Ticu chuan boa theo he thong sinh thiii moi trudng (CMS, ISO)
i i c u chuan hoa theo he thong quiii ly nhci nude (DTM, TCMT )
Chira ITMT
Biic 0 0 nhiem cong
nghiep
Chua cip dung ciic giiii phiip kicm soat vii xii' ly 6 nhieni
Tieu chuan hoii lheo lo'i nhuiin ctia thi trudng Scin xuiit hiing boa
Nguon: f2]
i^rong dd, ciic pliiin ciip 1, 2 vii 3 tuong ung vdi cac phiin ciip pluit trien vim minh
lir hiiu cdng nghiep trd len lheo con dudng pluit trien nen kinh te tri lliirc, dugc linh ke
tir lliii'i diem niim 1970 khi xiuil bien Ccic y ludng diiu lien vc nhiem vu kiem soiil, xir ly
d nhiem cdng nghiep Vci pluil Irien ben vung Viin minh cdng nghiep (muc 0) dugc coi
la phiin Ciip chira F4'M4' vii giiy d nhiem mdi Irucrng cdng nghiep do ciic md hinh td
chuc sail xuiil cdng nghiep khi dd thude dang KCN, khu die xuiit (KCX), cum cdng
nghiep (CCN) tap trung he ed dien, cd tiem niing giiy d nhieni mdi trudng cao vii cdng
tac BVM r cdng nghiep dura dugc quan tiim tliuc hien Diiy ggi la pluin cap ticu chi
TTMT cluing ap dimg cho nen Scin xiicil cdng nghiep quy md Idn
fheo Biing 1, ciic tinb cluil diic trung cua he thdng tieu chi KCN I'FIvTf dugc cu
the lioii clui yen lheo ciic liiiu chi diinh giii ve mirc do llurc bien ciic quy djnh, lieu chuan
pluip ly vii qiicin ly nlui nude ddi vdi nhiem vu BVMT, ciing nhu cae lieu chi danh giii
ve mire do pluil Iricii vii ung dung cac ihiinh luu KFICN siin xuiit, lii;u dimg vii BVMT
mdi d i e tieu clii dimh giii ve trang thiii bien ddi trong bien trang liii nguyen vii mdi
trirdng dugc the bien thdng qua chinh pluin loiii tic;ii chi T'FMT ki: kicini socit va xir ly d
nhieni (mire 1), sinh lluii mdi Irudng (nuic 2) vii sinh thai cdng nghiep (muc 3) Tuy
nhien, cac lieu chi niiy dugc cu the hoci siiu sac lion theo cdng tac danh giii tac dgng mdi
trudng (DTM) vii cdng liic quan Irac, giam sal, dir bcio cluit lugng tiii nguyen - mdi
IruiTiig vii cae ndi dung liOcal ddng quan ly sau lluim dinh biio cao DTM, dii dugc qu)'
dinh chinh thuc theo be thdng pluip liiiil nlui nude va Ccie viin ban phiip quy ctia Chinh
phii
Bang I cung ebo Ihciy rd sir ket hgp chat die viec ap dicing ciic giiii pliap cdng
nghe va quan ly nidi trudng ciin thiet trong md hinh KCN TTMT, ma su khac nhau giua
Ciie mirc do pluin loiii lieu chi d^T'MT the hien d nuic do ap dung khcic nhau cac giai
phcip cdng nghe vii qucin ly mdi trudng trong dure tien Vi du, mirc 1 - kiem soat d
nhieni yeu ciu cip dung ciic giai phdp cdng nghe cudi dudng dug (cd nhieu him che do
khdng giiii quylt triet de ciin nguyen d nhiem) va cac gicii phiip quan ly cirng dugc quy
Hgi ng-hi Klioa hoc Dia ly Todn cfuo'c idn th&S - Hd Ngi, 2010 909
Trang 4VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
djnh theo Luat BVMT Trong kbi dd, muc 2 - sinh thiii mdi trudng yeu ciu phai ap dunii bd sung them giai phiip san xuat sach hon (giai quylt triet can nguyen d nhiim) va cac giai phiip quiin ly mlm, tien lien, hieu qua Cdn muc 3 - sinh thai cdng nghiep lai veu ciu phai ap dung bd sung them giai phap KHCN hien dai hoa theo yeu cau sinh thai cdng nehiep, cho phep thilt lap co cbe trao ddi chat bai chieu khep kin, cd it hoac khdng cd chit thai Cac ndi dung phan tich tren day ve tieu chi md binb KCN TTMT dugc cu the hoii d phan cip thu bai nhu dugc trinh bay trong bang 2 dudi day
Bdng 2 : Phan loiii thang bac tieu chi nw hinh KCN TTMT theo mice dg dp clung thirc le cdc
gidi phdp cong nghe vd quan If nidi Irir&ng KCN khde nhau (Phan cup 2)
Muc do ap dung cac giai phap
cong nghe va quan ly BVMT cu
thi
Tinh chat va cac ket qua TTMT dat du'O'c thuc te
Phan loai KCN TTMT
Thdn thien mdi trudng
3 Sinh ihiii cong nghiep khep kin
2 Sinh thiii moi irudng
1.2 Giai phap QLMT cimg va cdng
nghe SXSFl toiin dien
LI Giai phap QLMT ciing vii cdng
nghe kiem soat 6 nhiem dau ra, dau
vao (SXSFl tiing phan)
1 Giiii phap QLMT ciing va cong
nghe kiem soat 6 nhieni dau ra
Co it hoac khdng cd phat Ihiii Xanh - sach - dep
Phong ngita, ban che va giam thieu 6 nhiem d nang luc cao Han che, kiem soat, xir ly va phong ngiia 6 nhiem d nang luc kha cao
Kiem soat va xu' ly 6 nhiem dau ra
d nang luc kha cao
TTMT (Bac 3) TTMT (Bcic 2) TTMT (Bac 1.2) TTMT (Bac LI) TTMT (Bac 1)
Chua TTMT
0 Khong cip dung 0 nhiem moi trudng cao chua TTMT
Nguon: [2]
Do vay, trong trudng hgp md binb KCN TTMT thi khai niem va lieu chi TTMT
la ling dung clui yen viio mi,ie dich danh gia mirc do thuc tbi cdng tac quan ly moi trudng, cae giai phap cdng nghe, djnh hudng sinh thai mdi trudng va cdng nghiep d pham vi co sd siin xuiit (CSSX), xi nghiep, nha may, doanb nghiep, cdng ty va KCN, khu che xuat (KCX), cum cdng nghiep (CCN) tap trung nham tim den cac giai phap thuc lien don ddng (giai phap kiem soat va xir ly d nhiem)
Tuy nhien, trong cac dieu kien tiin hanh CNH, FfDH qua do nIn kinh te, do ap lire canh tranh cao ciia thj trudng hang hoa va kha nang phat triin KHCN cao phiJ thugc vao bien
do chu ky thdi gian chi phdi, cho nen kha nang ap ditng cac giai phap cdng nghe va quan ly mdi trudng cua Ccic KCN, KCX, CCN tap trung nhim chuyin ddi sang md binb KCN TTMT gap rat nhieu khd klian va cd kha nang ban ehl Do dd, nhim bao diim tinh kha thi cao hon cho md binh KCN TTMT, thi cd tbI dua tren cac bang 1, 2 dl triin khai cu thi boa md rong hon (pbcin cap siiu han) cac muc tieu chuin pluin loiii KCN TTMT nhu dugc trinh bay trong cac Being 3, 4 dudi day:
910
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc idn th&5 - Hd Ngi, 2010
Trang 5VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NA^J HOI 3 I A I,Y VIET NAM
Bdng 3: Tieu chi thang hgc pluin logi md Idnh KCN TTiMT md rdng l<hd ndng dp dgng Irong
thuc liSn CNH nen kinh te qua do (Plain cap 3)
Miic do ap dung ciic giiii phiip
cong nghe vti quan ly BVMT cu
the
Tinh chiit va cac ket quii
T T M T dat duoc thuc tS
Pluin loai tieu chi KCN TTMT
Chua than thien mdi trudng
0 Khong ap dung 0 nhieni moi Irudng cao chua TTMT
Than ihien mdi trirdng
1 Giai phap QLMT ciing vii cdng
nghe kicm soat d nhic'm diiu ra
2 Giiii phap QLMT cimg vii cdng
nghe kiem socit 6 nhiem diiu ra, diiu
viio (SXSFl timg phan)
2a Nang cao chiit lugng quan ly
moi trirdng lOcin dien
2b fiing cudng ap dung Ccic giai
phiip SXS11
3 Gicii phiip quiin ly mem vii cdng
nghe SXSH toiin dien (STMT)
3a Giai phap sinh thai cong sinh
trao doi chcit thai cue bo
3b Giiii pluip sinh thiii cong sinh
irao doi cluit thai md rong
4 Sinh thai cdng nghiep khep kin
(trao doi chiit thai loiin phiin)
Kiem soiit va xir ly 6 nhiem diiu
ra d niing luc kha cao Flan che, kiem soiit, xii' ly vii phiing ngira d nhiem d niing lire klui cao
QLMT tot va Phong ngira d nhiem d nang luc trung binh QLMT tot va Phdng ngira d nhiem d nimg luc kha cao
Phong ngira, ban che vii giam thieu 6 nhiem d nSng lire cao Gicim thieu cac phiit thai d nang luc trung binh
Giiim thieu ciic phiit thiii d niing luc khii
Cd it hoac khong cd phat Ihiii
4TMT (Bac 1) TTMT (Bac 2) TTMT (Bac 2a) TTMT (Biic 2b) TTMT cao (xanh
- sach - dep) ((Bac 3)
TTMT (Bac 3a) TTMT (Bac 3b) TTMT (Bcic 4)
Ngudn: f2]
Nhu Vciy, so vdi Biing 2 thi Irong Bang 3 da bd sung them 4 mirc lieu chucin boa KCN d'FMT" qim do tren co' sd ket hgp tirng budc vii tirng phiin cac giai phap quan ly mdi trudng, giai phap cdng nghe, sinh thcii mdi trudng va cdng nghiep loan dien, ma muc dich cudi cimg lii xay dung cac KCN sinh thai tap trung, bao diim quci trinh trao ddi chiit thai cdng sinh loan dien hai chieu, khdng ed phat thai hoac ed it thai
iieii chi d Being 3 se riit tluiiin lgi cho \'iec diinh gia mire do TT'MT ciia KCN da deal dugc Irong thuc te, ebiil lugng cdng tac quan ly va djnh hudng sir phiit trien ca sd san xuiit, xi nghiep, nha may va KCN, KCX, CCN tap trung theo hirdng sinh thiii cdng ighicp ben vung, trong dd tuy thude vao kha nang llurc le qua do ddng thai va da dang hoa se iip dung chien luge ket hgp ciic giiii phcip quan ly mdi trudng va cdng nghe linh hocat, nitim deo nham kbdng ngirng gia tiing mirc do TTMT cho cite co' sd sdn xuat, xi nghiep, nba miiy va KCN tap trung theo muc tieu cudi ciing la thuc bien sinh thai cdng nghiep ben vung Dua theo Bang 3 ed the dp dung he thdng phan loai cdc KCN T4MT nhu dugc trinb bay trong Bang 4
Nhin chung, uu diem chinh ciia he thdng phan loai md hinh KCN T4A1T theo Bang 3 va 4 d tren la cdc KCN tap trung cd the tir chu de dang lira chgn chien luge va phiro'ng phap td chirc chuyen ddi xay dung md hinh KCN TTMT" theo yeu can sinh thai cdng nghiep hien dai ben vung, pbii hgp vdi cac dieu kien thuc te cu the eiia KCN ve nguyen tic tbI cbe kinh te, co' cau nganh nghe, loai hinh cdng nghiep, ITnh vuc hoat ddng san xucit kinh doanh, trinh do phat trien quan ly mdi trudng, trinh do phdt trien cdng nghe sdn xuat va bao ve mdi trudng KCN nham tirng budc thoa man cac veu cau
Hgi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn quoc idn tb&5 - Hd Ngi, 2010 9U
Trang 6VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM
qudn 1) mdi Irudng cua Nha nude, phdt trien KHCN, ludn thich ung thj trudng va djnh hirdng phdt trien theo md binb KCN sinh thdi luong lai
Bdng 4: He thdng thang bac phan logl md hinh KCN TTMT
M u c tieu chuan
1 (Bac 1)
2 (Bac 2)
2a (Bac 2a)
2 b ( B a c 2 b )
3(Bac 3)
3a (Bac 3a)
3b(Bac3b)
4 (Bac 4)
Phan loai
A
B
C
D
D
E
F
G
Ten goi KCN TTMT
KCN trung binh KCN kha KCN kha (Bac 2a) KCN kha (Bac 2b) KCN xanh - sach - dep KCN bdn hop
KCN hon hop (Bac 3b) KCN sinh thai
Ngudn: [2]
5 TIEU CHI DANH GIA VA PHAN LOAI MlTC DO T T M T CUA CAC KCN
De ddnh gid va phan loai miic do TTMT chinh xac cho md hinh KCN TTMT (Bang 3 4), thi can thiet phai dp dung he thdng cac chi tieu danh gia va phan loai ticu chi TTMT cho trudng hgp KCN I T M T vdi 03 he thdng tieu chi va nhdm chi thi TTMT clui yen nbu sau:
- He thdng cdc tieu chi ddnh gid mirc do tlii hanh cdc quy djnh phdp ly va quan ly Nha nude nham qudn ly va dieu chinh hanh vi cua cdc KCN, KCX, CCN tap ti'ung, bao gdm:
+ Nhdm lieu chi danh gid miic do tuan thii nghiem chinh Luat BVMT, chien luge va
ke hoach hanh ddng qudc gia, tieu chuan nha nude ve bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep, nhat
la cac quy djnh ve quan ly mdi trudng, phdng ngira, kiem soiit, xu ly, khac phuc d nhiem, suy thoai \'a su cd mdi trudng, cai tao va cai diien mdi trudng phdt trien Kl ICN san xuat va bao ve mdi trudng, bao ddm ve sinh cdng nghiep va dd thj, lliiic diiy hdi nhap kinh tc qudc
te
+ Nhdm lieu chi ddnh gid muc do tuan thii quan ly nha nude ddi vdi mdi trudng, bao gdm:
- Mirc do tuan thii nghiem chinh edc co ehl, chinh sdch nha nude vl bao vc moi trudng KCN
- Mirc do dp dicing, hoan thien he thdng va md hinh quan ly mdi trudng lii' quy mo Trung uong den quy md cdc KCN, doanh nghiep, cdng ty nha mdy, xi nghiep, CSSX
- Miic do tuan thii nghiem chinh cdng tac quy hoach phdt triin KCN gin kit vdi bao \'e mdi trudng (nguyen tac diu tu va lira chgn loai binh cdng nghiep diu tu theo yen cau sinh thai mdi trudng va sinh thai cdng nghiep KCN)
- Muc do tuan thii nghiem chinh cae chuong trinh chiln luge va kl hoach hanh ddng bdo ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep (chien luge va kl bocach hanh ddng BVMT ciia nganh cdng nghiep)
- Mirc do tuan thu nghiem chinh cdng tdc quan ly mdi trudng nhu: cdng tdc ddnh gia tac ddng mdi trudng; boat ddng qucin ly sau tbim dinh ddnh gia tdc ddng mdi trudng; thanh tra, kiem tra che do bao cao va hieu qua qudn ly mdi trudng; cdng tdc quan trie va gidm sat quan ly chat lugng mdi Irudng; viec thuc hien cdc quy ehl qudn ly mdi trudng KCN khac nhau
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Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cfuo'c idn th&5 - Hd Ngi, 2010
Trang 7VIIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI D | A L'Y VIET NAM
-I- Nhdm lii:u chi ddnh gia ve nuic do hgi nluip kinh tc qudc te bao gdm chu yeu
cdc lieu chi ddnh gia vc viec dp dung he thdng lieu chuan qudc le LMS, ISO
- //c thdng cue lieu chi ddnh gid miic do phdt trien iing dung KHCN irong sun
Midi kinh doanh san pham vu bao ve moi Irudng cuu cue KCN KCX, CCA' tup Irung,
bao gdm:
+ Nhdm lieu chi danh gid vci nuic do pbdl trien KHCN san xuat va bdo ve mdi
trti'd'iig, bao gdm: muc do pluil Iricn thj trudng KHCN nuic do ung dung cdng iiglie
thicli hgp, cdng nghe thdng dung, cdng nghe mdi, cdng nghe lot nhat, cdng nghe sach
cdng nghe it gay d nhiem boac kbdng ed chat thai va cac ky thuat cdng nghe mdi, cao
nuii iibgn
+ Nhdm ticu chi ddnh gid v(5 mirc do phdng ngira, kiem soat, xir ly, kluie pliiic, cai
tao d nhiem, suy thodi va su cd mdi trudng KCN, bao gdm cae lieu chi ddnh gia ve nuic
do pluil Iricn co' sd ky tliual lui lang bdo ve mdi liu'dng KCN, nuic do dp dimg cdc giai
pluip ky tliuiil cdng nghe BVMT' ebo nhiem vu xir ly, khac pliiic, cdi iao 6 nliicnu suy
thodi va sir cd mdi trudng, mirc do dp dimg cdc giai pluip sdn xuat sach hon, cac giai
phdp thj Irudng Irao ddi va quay vdng cluil lluii cho niiie lieu pbdng ngira d nhiem
- ILe thdng cdc lieu chi ddnh gid miic do luc dgng vd dien bien thay ddi trong
Irgng thai mdi trirdng KCN, KCX, CCN lap trung nhdm ddnh gid hieu quu dgt miic do
TTMT thuc le, bao gom:
+ Nhdm lieu chi danh gid ve hien trang va cluit lugng mdi trirdng KCN, bao gdm
cdc lieu chi ddnh gid hieu qud gidm thieu nuic do va quy md d nhiem, suy thodi, sir cd
nidi trirdng, nuic do phdng iigua vd ddy liii nan d nhiem mdi trudng, muc do gia lang
can being sinh lluii, nuic do cai lao va cai thien chat lugng mdi trudng, nuic do phdt
trien sinh thdi mdi trudng xanh va sinh thdi cdng ngliidp ben vung Iren pham vi KCN
+ Nhdm lieu chi dir bdo cdc xu hudng dien bien Irong bien iriing, cluit lugng mdi
trudng KCN, bao gdm cac lieu chi ddnh gia ve kha nang day liii nuic do, qii\ md d
nhieni, suy thodi vd su cd nidi trudng, diiy liii mirc do mat can biing sinh thai, gia tang
nuic do cai thien chat lugng mdi trudng va gia tang mire do phat trien sinh thdi mdi
Iru'iTiig tren pbam vi KCN
-I- Nhdm lieu chi dir bdo ve kha ndng bdo \ e mdi trudng KCN trong tuong lai, bao
gdm cdc tieu chi danh gid khd nang lap day quy hoach KCN, khd nang tang cudng cdng
tac qudn ly mdi trudng KCN, phdt trien vd thay ddi cdng nghe theo yen cau siiili thai
nidi Irudng vd cdng nghiep trong xu hudng chuyen ddi KCN eii sang md binh KCN
TTM4-
6 KET LUAN
Fie thong cdc chi tieu ddnh gid vd phan loai tieu chi 41'MT ciia md binb KCN
TTMT bao gom ba be ibdng lieu chi (a, b, c) vd tdng Ibe 8 nhdm chi thj Tl MT (be
thong a gom 3 nhdm, lie thdng b gdm 2 nhdm va he thdng c gom 3 nhdm) dugc qu)
dinh lheo veu can ddnh gid muc do tdc dgng moi trudng cu the cua edc chii the ngudn
tac dgng, mirc do phat trien KHCN san xuat, lieu diing va bao ve mdi trudng ciing nhu
cac xu hudng dien biln hien tai va tuo'ng lai cu the trong trang thdi mdi trudng - lai
nguyen lixn pbam vi va xung quanh KCN KCX CCN tap trung 44-ong dd, neu xet theo
Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc idn th & 5 - Hd Ngi 2010 913
Trang 8VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DjA LY VIET NAM
quy md td chiic boat ddng KCN, KCX, CCN tap trung di tir pham vi cae CSSX, nha mdv doanh nghiep, cdng ty din pham vi tdng the KCN noi chung, thi cd the nhin manh den bdn vin dl eo ban nhat va dugc coi la khdng the thieu trong nhiem vi^i danh gia va phan loai muc do TTMT ciia KCN TTMT la:
I Muc do dp dving thuc te he thdng quan ly mdi trudng theo tieu chuan xanh -sach - dep d pbam vi cae ca sd sdn xuat, xi nghiep va nha may cdng nghiep
-1- Muc do dp dung cae gidi phdp cdng nghe phdng ngira, kiem soat va xu' ly d nhiem d pham vi cac co sd sdn xuat, xi nghiep va nba may cdng nghiep
+ Mirc do td ebire thirc hien su chuyen ddi hoac td chuc xay dung KCN cd mirc
do TTMT ngay cang cao theo hudng lien tdi sinh thai cdng nghiep
+ Muc do kit hgp da dang hod cae giai phap quan ly, cdng nghe, sinh thdi mdi trudng vd cdng nghiep trong llurc lien BVMT KCN nham tien tdi su phdt trien cdng nghiep ben viing
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bd TN&MT (2004) Ap dung cdc gidi phdp cong nghe & qudn ly mdi trudng
xdy dimg md hinh KCN TTMT, Tuyen tap Flgi thao Tp Bien Hda
2 Ci,ic BVMT (2003) Ap dung ccic gidi phdp qudn ly vd cdng nghe xdy dung md
hinh khu cdng nghiep thdn thien moi trudng Bao cao Tdng hgp giai doan I, Dir an Sir
nghiep kinh te phijc vu quan ly nha nude ve bao ve mdi trudng Tp HCM
3 Ciic BVMT (2004) Ap dung cdc gidi phcip cdng nghe vd qudn ly mdi trudng
xdy dimg md hinh khu cdng nghiep thdn thien moi Irudng lgi khu cdng nghiep Bdc Thang Long - Hd Ndi, giai dogn II Bdo cdo Du an tiin kha tbi Tp FiCM
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Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan quoc idn th&5 - Hd Ngi, 2010